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World Bank Document WATER AND SANITATION PROGRAM: FIELD NOTE May 2014 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Delivering Water Supply and Sanitation Services in Fragile States Professionalizing Drinking Water Service Delivery in Small Towns of Haiti Lessons from the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project in the Sud Region (EPAR-Sud) Public Disclosure Authorized Jean-Martin Brault, Zael Sanz and Bruno Le Bansais Public Disclosure Authorized The Water and Sanitation Program is a multi-donor partnership, part of the World Bank Group’s Water Global Practice, supporting poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Michael Merisier, Deputy Technical Director, and Fabienne Beltrand, Director of the Rural Department, from DINEPA (National Water and Sanitation Directorate); Pierre-Yves Rochat, Project Director of the Swiss Cooperation in Haiti; and Jerome Stanley, Community Development Specialist, for their valuable support. Contact us For more information, please visit www.wsp.org or email Zael Sanz at [email protected] The Water and Sanitation Program is a multi-donor partnership, part of the World Bank Group’s Water Global Practice, supporting poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services. WSP’s donors include Australia, Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, and the World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are entirely those of the author and should not be attributed to the World Bank or its affiliated organizations, or to members of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce portions of it should be sent to [email protected]. WSP encourages the dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly. For more information, please visit www.wsp.org. © 2015 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) Latin America and the Caribbean Region [email protected] www.wsp.org | www.worldbank.org/water Delivering Water Supply and Sanitation Services in Fragile States Professionalizing Drinking Water Service Delivery in Small Towns of Haiti Lessons from the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project in the Sud Region (EPAR-Sud) This document aims to share lessons learned from the implementation specifically, in the regions of Sud and Nippes for the component of the World Bank financed component of the Rural Water Supply financed by the World Bank and in the Grande-Anse region for the and Sanitation Project in the Sud Region after its final evaluation. component financed by the Inter-American Development Bank. ABOUT THE PROJECT The EPAR project -which ran from August 2007 to November Leading the reform of the drinking water and sanitation sector 2013- managed to significantly increase access and improve in Haiti, the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project (EPAR sustainability of water services in benefiting communities by by its initials in French) of the National Directorate of Drinking introducing a radical change in the way these services were Water and Sanitation (DINEPA by its initials in French) involved provided, all while in a period marked by political instability, the construction or rehabilitation of drinking water schemes in devastating hurricanes, the 2010 earthquake and the cholera small towns with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants in the Sud region, outbreak. View of Chantal town, Les Cayes District, in the Sud Region, Haiti. Photo “Chantal” by Pandario (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0). www.wsp.org 3 FIELD NOTE: Professionalizing Drinking Water Service Delivery in Small Towns of Haiti Fragile States Annual growth of Urban the population (2013) HAITI population 56% 1.4% Rural population 44% Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Health expenditure Mortality rate in children per capita (annual growth %) per capita (2012) under 5 per 1,000 live births (2013) (2013) 2.8% US$52.5 73 million10.4 inhabitants POPULATION INFORMATION OF THE INTERVENTION AREAS OTHER INDICATORS Poverty headcount ratio at Human Development Mobile cellular subscriptions national poverty line (2012) Index Ranks (2013)* per 100 people (2013) Municipality Chardonnières Municipality Chantal Municipality Maniche Municipality Baradères National Total Population 24,087 Total Population 32,562 Total Population 22,841 Total Population 39,361 58.5% Urban 7,528 Urban 3,941 Urban 989 Urban 4,217 Rural 16,559 Rural 28,621 Rural 21,852 Rural 35,144 Urban 40.6% #168 69 Municipality Cavaillon Municipality Miragoane Total Population 46,462 Total Population 59,670 Rural Urban 2,070 Urban 15,069 74.9% Rural 44,392 Rural 44,601 ACCESS TO IMPROVED DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION (2012) National 47.4% 74.6% 62.3% POPULATION IN THE SUD REGION Total 739,565 Population Municipality Cayes Total Population 144,765 Urban Rural Urban 160,604 Urban 80,120 Rural 64,645 Rural 578,961 16.3% 31% Municipality Coteaux Municipality Arniquet Municipality Ile à Vache Municipality Fond des Nègres Total Population 20,329 Total Population 27,847 Total Population 14,695 Total Population 31,886 Urban 6,292 Urban 1,735 Urban 1,880 Urban 5,121 24.4% Rural 14,057 Rural 26,112 Rural 12,815 Rural 26,765 National Source: Institut Haïtien de Statistique et D’Informatique. 2012. Sources: World Development Indicators (database), World Bank, Washington, DC (accesed November 15, 2014), http://databank.worldbank.org/ Note: The cities showed in the present map are located in the Sud Region, with the exception of Fond Tortue, Fond des Nègres, and St. Michel/Dimizaine which are located in the Nippes Region. * United Nations Development Programme. 2014. Human Development Report 2014. 4 www.wsp.org FIELD NOTE: Professionalizing Drinking Water Service Delivery in Small Towns of Haiti Fragile States Water management reform in a Annual growth of context of impending crisis Urban the population (2013) population 56% HAITI Previous water supply investments in the Sud Region were limited and lacked 1.4% monitoring from outside the communities. Rural As a consequence water services in this area population 44% deteriorated rapidly and the practice of receiving water free of cost became deeply ingrained, compromising even further their sustainability. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Health expenditure Mortality rate in children per capita (annual growth %) per capita (2012) under 5 per 1,000 live births (2013) (2013) Against this backdrop, a management model integrating domestic private sector 2.8% US$52.5 73 participation -developed in Benin and Madagascar with the support of the World Bank- was adapted and implemented; million10.4 inhabitants the DINEPA established deconcentrated agencies to sustain and supervise service providers; and volumetric billing schemes were introduced. The introduction of this POPULATION INFORMATION OF THE INTERVENTION AREAS OTHER INDICATORS new approach posed major challenges, but Poverty headcount ratio at Human Development Mobile cellular subscriptions demonstrated its potential as a solution national poverty line (2012) Index Ranks (2013)* per 100 people (2013) for the provision of sustainable drinking water distribution services in small towns Municipality Chardonnières Municipality Chantal Municipality Maniche Municipality Baradères National Total Population 24,087 Total Population 32,562 Total Population 22,841 Total Population 39,361 58.5% of Haiti. Urban 7,528 Urban 3,941 Urban 989 Urban 4,217 Rural 16,559 Rural 28,621 Rural 21,852 Rural 35,144 Urban 40.6% #168 69 The reform process launched in 2009 Municipality Cavaillon Municipality Miragoane facilitated the continuous presence of Total Population 46,462 Total Population 59,670 Rural DINEPA at the regional and local levels Urban 2,070 Urban 15,069 74.9% Rural 44,392 Rural 44,601 with the creation of the OREPAs (Water and Sanitation Regional Offices), the URDs (Rural Departmental Units) and the TEPACs (Community Water (2012) ACCESS TO IMPROVED DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION and Sanitation Technicians); and the formulation of a new policy in response National to the limited results reached by the community-based management models 47.4% 74.6% for the provision of sustainable drinking 62.3% water distribution services in small towns. POPULATION IN THE SUD REGION This paved the way for the development of a management model based on a user Total 739,565 Population Municipality Cayes association —the Potable Water Supply Total Population 144,765 Urban Rural Urban and Sanitation Committees [Comité 160,604 Urban 80,120 Rural 64,645 d’Approvisionnement en Eau Potable et Rural 578,961 Assainissement CAEPA]—; a professional 16.3% 31% water operator –the OP- contractually bound to the CAEPAs to operate the Municipality Coteaux Municipality Arniquet Municipality Ile à Vache Municipality Fond des Nègres scheme and collect payments; and the Total Population 20,329 Total Population 27,847 Total Population 14,695 Total Population 31,886 URD, responsible for sustaining and Urban 6,292 Urban 1,735 Urban 1,880 Urban 5,121 24.4% Rural 14,057 Rural 26,112 Rural 12,815 Rural 26,765 National supervising both the CAEPAs and the OPs. Source: Institut Haïtien de Statistique et D’Informatique. 2012. Sources: World Development Indicators (database), World Bank, Washington, DC (accesed November 15, 2014), http://databank.worldbank.org/ Note: The cities showed in the present map are located in the Sud Region, with the exception of Fond Tortue, Fond des Nègres, and St. Michel/Dimizaine which are located in the Nippes Region. * United Nations Development Programme. 2014. Human Development Report 2014.
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