Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

-3–3888888 CRESTCRESTCENTREc23NIREFORFOR RESEARCH RESE4RCHINfO JPWOSLECTIONSELECTION<; AND SOCIALSQCIALTRIINKNTRENDS An ESRC Resean:hF&eamh CentreCam 35 NerthamptonNattwmpton SquareSquae at LondonIxmion ECIV OAX SocJa1Scaal amad ConnnUlUtyCOrmnuIUtyPMUIIgPlanrung ReseaJt;hReseamh& NuffieldNu6ield CollegeCoUegeOxfoolO.xfcrd TelephoneTelqimos 0171-2500171-2.501866lW BRITISH ELECTION PANEL STUDY P 16111611 OCTOBER 1996 SURVEY October 19961996

Please answeranawer thethe questions by plaCingplacing a ticktick (.f)(/) Inm one or more of thethe boxes

1 Please say whether you are (.f)(/) male, o❑

or female oGI

SFSP 2a Many people leanlean toward a particularparhcular party for a longlong timehme 42~K? although they may occaSionally occasionally vote for a different partypariy How about you? Do you Inm general leanlean toward a particular party? IfIf so, which?whlch~ / PLEASE TICK ONE BOX ONLONLYY ConservativeConservatwe LJti 12 Labour Q

Liberal Democrats Q PLEASE Scottish.%otflsh National Party Q ANSWER b BELOW PlaidPlald Cymru Q

Green Party Q

Other party (PLEASE SAY WHICH)WHICH), Q❑ }

Do not leanIeantowardstowards any party Q❑ ---7+ PLEASE GO TO 3a3.

b Taken altogether, do you lean toward thisthiS particular party / PLEASE TICK ONEoNE BOX ONLONLYY very strongly tiu fairlystrongly o❑ ’ or, not very strongly? ❑o SPSF 42, ______-1 12

EVERYONE PLEASE ANSWER 3 If there were a general elecbonelection tomorrow, which pohtlcalpolitical party do you think you would be most hkelylikely to support? (/)(.f) PLEASE TICK oNEONE BOX ONLYONL Y ConservatweConservative Q 42442'

Labour Q

Liberal Democrats Q

ScoRlahScottish National PanyParty Q

PlaldPlaid Cymru mQ

Green Party aQ

Other pariyparty (PLEASE SAY WHICH) _ ------_QQ 22

44 OnOn thethe whole,whole, wouldwould youyou descnbedescribe ~@ ofof thethe mainmam partiespadles asas extremeextremeor or moderatemoderate nowadays?nowadays? I PLEASEPLEASE GIVEGIVE ANANANSWER ANS WER FORFOR EACHEACHOF OF THETHE PARTIES PARTIES ANSWER d. ONLY IF IN SCOTLAND aa c d ConservatIve Conaewatwe bb Liberal ScottIsh NatIonal PartyParty LabourLabour PartyParty Democrats Party (4244)(4244) (4245)(4245) (4246)(4246) (4247) ExtremeExtreme 0❑ oc1 o❑o ❑ ModerateModerate 0L-2 ❑ o oL1 o OtherOther answeranswer (pLEASE WRITE IN) (PLEASE WRITE IN) l...======1.::======:..l:====~-======.J 5 1

55 AndAnd wouldwould youyou descnbedescribe each@ ofof thethe mainmam partiesparties asas unlledumted oror divideddw!ded nowadays?nowadays7 PLEASEPLEASE GIVEGIVE ANANANSWER ANSWER FORFOR EACHEACHOF OF THE PARTIES PARTIES ANSWER d ONLYONLYIFINIF IN SCOTLAND a c d ConservativeConservatwe b LIberalLiberal Scottish NatlonaNational Party Labour Party Democrats Party (4248)(4248) (4249) (4250) (4251](4251) UnitedUmted 0 cl ❑ o o •1o DIvidedDwlded 0 oL1 L1o L1o Other answer (PLEASE WRITE IN) (PLEASE WRITE IN) l...======1.::======:..l:======~-======--.JI

6a And would you describe the Consetvatwe Party 6a And would you descnbe the Conservative Party nowadaysnowadays as a party COnsenfatweConservative PLEASE TICKTICKONE BOX ONLY BOX ONL Y (/)(.I)

thatthat keeps itsIts promises, •1 —0 4252 or, breaks Its prom!ses?promises? ~0 NeitherNellher or both ~0 Can’tCan't choose ❑D

b And the Labour Patty nowadays Is it a party b And the Labour Party nowadays Is It a party LabourLabour PLEASE TICK ONE BOX ONLY ONE BOX ONL Y (/)(.I') thatthat wouldwould keepkeep rts promtses, rts promises, a0 4253253 or, wouldwould break itsIts promises?promises? ❑0 NetherNeither oror bothboth ❑0 Can’tCan't choosechoose ❑D 33

7a7a HowHow goodgood ororbadbad aa jobjobdodo youyou thinkthink thatthat JohnJohn MajorMalorB~ doingdomg asas PrimePnme MmlsteflMmlster? PLEASEPLEASE TICKTICK ONEONEBOXBOXININ COLUMNCOLUMNaa aa bb cc JohnJohn TonyTony PaddyPaddy b And how good or bad a job do you think that b And how good or bad a job do you think that Major BlairBla.. AshdownAshdown TonyTony BlairBla..=would dodo asas PrimePnme Mm!ster?MInister? 425442544255 4255 42564256 PLEASEPLEASE TICKTICK ONEONE BOXBOX ININ COLUMNCOLUMN bb

VeryVery goodgood ❑ ❑ cc AndAnd howhow goodgood oror badbad aa jobjob dodo youyou thinkthmk thatthat GI0 0 0 PaddyPaddy AshdownAshdown -dowould do asas PrimePnme FairlyFairly goodgood ❑ ❑ Mmlster7MInister? 0 0 0 PLEASEPLEASE TICKTICK ONE BOXBOX ININ COLUMN Cc NeiherNeither goodgood nornor badbad 0 ❑0 G10 FairlyFairly badbad DD❑ ❑0

Very badbad G1 ❑ I 0 0 0

8aBa Looking back over thethe lastlast year or so, would you say thatthat Brltam’sBntaln's economy has got stronger, got weaker or has stayed about thethe same? (/)(.f)

PLEASE TICK ONE BOX ONLYONL Y Got a lot stronger G!0 4257 Got a httlelittle stronger ❑0 Stayed about lhethe same 0~ n GotahttleweakerGot a little weaker D~ Got a lot weaker ❑0

b AndAndlookmglookmg forward tototheyearthe year ahead, do you think Britain'sBntam’s economyeconom~ WillWIII get stronger, get weaker or stay about the same? (.f)(<)

PLEASE TICK ONE BOX ONLONLYY Get a lotlot stronger 0❑ 4256425S Get a littlelittle stronger 0❑ StayStay about thethe samesame U 0- Get a littlehttle weaker D~ GetGet a lotlot weaker 0❑

cc LookingLooking backback overover thethe lastlastyear year oror so,so, wouldwould youyou saysayyour your household'shousehold’s mcomeincome hashas fallenfallen behindbehind pnces,prices, keptkept upup withwithpnces pricesor or gonegoneup up byby moremore thanthan pnces?pnces~ (,I)

PLEASEPLEASE TICKTICKONE ONE BOXBOX ONLONLYY FallenFallen behmdbehind pncesprices aa lotlot 02 4259425e FallenFallen behmdbehind pncesprices aa littlehttle ~ 0n KeptKept upup withwihpnces prices 0~ GoneGone upup byby aa littlehttle moremore thanthan pncesprices D❑ . GoneGone upup byby aa lotlot moremore thanthan pncesprices 0❑ 44

8dBd And Iookmglooking at thethe vearyear ahead, dodo youyou expectexpect your householdshousehold's incomeIncome WIIIwill fallfall behind prices,prices, keep up wihwith prices oror gogo up by more thanthan pncesvprices? (,1') PLEASE TICK ONE BOX ONLYONLY Fall behind pricesprices aa lot10\ o 42604260 Fall behind pricesprices aa littlelittle o Keep upup withWith pricesprices o GoGo up by a httlelittle more thanthan pricesprices o Go up by a lotlot more thanthan prices o

9 Which party do youthmkyou think wdlformwlil iorm the government, after the next general elect]election?on? (/)(,1')

PLEASE TICK ONE BOX ONL Y Conservative Party 4261 PLEASE TICK ONE BOX ONLY ConsewaWe Party mo 4261 Labour Party mI 21 LiberallIberai Democrats ❑o More than oneparty/aone party/a coalttloncoalition ~o (PLEASE SAY WHICH PARTIES)

Don’tDon't know L1D

iOai Oa What was your age lastlast birthday?brthday~ PLEASE WRITE IN CD 4262-63,2S2-63

bb AndAnd onon what datedate diddld you 1111fill Inm thethe questionnaire?questlonnare~ PLEASEPLEASEWRITEINWRITE IN CD~ M CD 1996i 996 4264-671264-67

ThankThank you--you veryvery muchmuch forfor youryour help. PleasePlease returnreturn thethe questionnairequestionnaire Inm the envelopeenvelope proVidedprowded

SPARE 4268-80 I 1 ~ CENIRE FOR RESEARCH INTO ELECIlONS AND SOCIAL 1RENIlS

35~Scpi'e AnAn ESRCEsRc~cHImRt:seam Cemrc 35~3W= atat Lm:IcnLmlim EC1VECIV OAXOAX SocaIlIId%asldconmumtyCanmIllU1Y PIammg%nnrgw&Nu6iddR=rch & NufIioId [email protected]:rdsd Td..pvn:Tslc#su 0171-2500171-2W18661%.5 P.1504P.1504 OctoberOctober 19951995

BRITISHBRITISH ELECTIONELECTION PANELPANELSTUDY STUDY OCTOBEROCTOBER 19951995 TELEPHONETELEPHONE SURVEYSURVEY

3301-C4~ CD33C033 SerialSer[al number·number CIIOJ 3305-06w BATCH3ATCH 3307-11~ TimeTime intervIewmterwew startedstarted [[][I] 3312-15~ SPARESPARE 3316-21~

1ala INTERVIEWERNTERVIEWER RECORDRECORD RESPONDENT'SRESPONDENT’S SEXSEX MaleMale 11 33223322

FemaleFemale 2 b b WhatVhat was your age lastlast birthday?bh_thday7 WRITE ININ CDm 3323-24323-24

2a Generally;enerally speaking, do you thinkthink of yourself as Conservative,Consetvabve, Labour,.abour, LiberalLtberal Democrat (IF SCOTLAND Nationalist, IF WALES Plaid‘Iald Cymru), or what? CODE>ODE ONE ONLY IN COLUMN a

IFF NONE/DON'TNONE/DON’T KNOW (CODE 00 OR 98) AT a

b Do)0 you generally think of yourself as a Mtlelittle closer to oneIne of the parttesparties than the others7others? IFF YES Which party?party7 CODE ONE ONLY IN COLUMN b a b ~325-3326125-3326 3327-33263327-3328 ConsefvabveConservative 01 01

Labour 02 02 Liberal Democrat 03 03 Liberal Democrat 03 GO 03 b Scottish National Party 04 TO 04 ASK c c PlaldPlaid Cymru 05 c 05 c

Green PatlyParty 06 06

Other (WRITE IN) a 07

OtherOther (WRITE(WRITE IN)IN) bb 0707

None/No 0000 ASKASK 0000 GOGO b TOTO (Don’t(Don't know) 9898 ABOVEABOVE 9898 Q3aQ3a

IFF ANYANY PARTYPARTY CODEDCODED ATAT aa OROR bb

cc WouldVould youyou callcall yourselfyourself veryvery strongstrong (PARTY(PARTY NAMEDIAMED ATAT aa OROR b),b), fairlyfairly strongstrong oror notnot veryvery strong7strong? VeryVery strongstrong 11 33293329

FarlyFairly strongstrong 22

NotNot veryvery strongstrong 33

(Don’t(Don't know)know) 88 SPARESPARE 333C-39333Cl-39 , . 2 OFFICEIFFICE USE ONLY

ASK4SK ALL

3a Generally2enerally speaking, do you think of the Liberal DemocratsDemoctats asw being closer to the ConselVabveConservetwe Party or closer to the Labour.abour Party?

Closer to ConselVatlvesConservatwes 1 3240 Closer to Labour 2

No difference/neitherdiferencelne!ther 3

Don'tDon’t know 8

b Now,‘Jow, consldenngcansldenngeverything eve~thmg the ConselVatlveConsewatlve and Labour.abour PartiesParhes stand for, would you say that READ{EAD OUT .

there IS a great differencedtference between them, 1 3341 some difference,dtference, 2

or, not much difference?dfference? 3

(Don't(Don’tknow) 8 '--'L

4 Iffthere was a general electionelectlon tomorrow, which politicallollbcalparty parly do you think you would be most likelykely to support?support7

CODE:ODEONE ONLY ConselVallveConservatwe 01 3342-43342-43

Labour 02

LiberalLlberslDemocrat 03

ScottishScothsh National Party 04

PlaidPlald Cymru 05

Green Party 06

Other (WRITE IN) 07

None 08 Refused to say 96 (Don't(Don’tknow) 98

r------5a On)n the whole, would you describe the ConselVatlveConservatwe ~~ nowadays as READ OUT AND SCOTLAND5COTIAN[ RECORDIECORDIN APPROPRIATE COLUMN ONLY a b c d b Andmd the Labour Party Censer-Conser- nowadays,lowadays, IS It vatlvevatwe Labour Llb Dem SNP READtEAD OUT ."... 3344 33453M5 3346 3347 extreme,estreme, 1 1 1 1 c Andmd the liberalL]beral Democrats, areIre they or, moderate? 2 2 2 2 READlEAD OUT . (Neither(Neiheror beth)both) 3 3 3 3 d SCOTLAND;COTLAND ONLY Andmd the Scottish National (Don't(Don’tknow) 8 8 8 L______8 .---- —————. ~,ISlt~, Is It READtEAD OUT . ~. 3 OFFICEIFFICE USE ONLY3NLY

Sa6a And\nd would you descnbedescribe the ConservativeConsewatwe r------~~ nowadaysnowadaya as READ OUT AND SCOTlANDSCOTLAN[ RECORDRECORD IN APPROPRIATE COLUMN ONLY a b c d. b AndWd the Labour Party Conser- nowadays,Iowadays, IS Itit vatlvevative Labour Llb.DemL!b.Dem SNP READUSADOUTOUT ••.. 33483% 33493s49 3350 3351 United,united, 1 1 1 1 c And4ndthethe Liberal Democrats,Democmta, arewe they or, divided?dwlded7 2 2 2 2 READWEADOUTOUT .._. (Neither(Ne!theror both) 3 3 3 3 d SCOTLANDSCOTLAND ONLY And4ndthethe Scottish National (Don't(Don’tknow) 86 8 8 L______86 ~,ISlt~, Is It READWEAD OUT

7a And%d would youyoudescrlbedesCribe the ConservativeConseNatwe Party nowadayslowadays as a party READ OUT ,. a ConservativeConservatwe L that keeps ItSitspromises, 1 3352 or, breaks ItS Its promises? 2

(Neither(Ne!theror both) 3

(Don't(Don’tknow) 86

b And4nd the Labour PartyPaw nowadays Is It a party]arty READRI14D OUT b Labour

that would keepkeepltsItS promises, 1 3353

or, would break ItsItspromlsespromises 2 (Neither or both) 3

(Don't(Don’tknow) 86

",--,8a6a Doloyouthmkyou think that John Major ISlsdomgagooddOing a good job or b a]badbad Jobasjob as Prime MInister,Mmlster, orornelthef?neither? IFlF GOOD/BAD Issthatthat very good/badgoodlbad or fairly farly good/bad?goodlbad~ RECORDIECORDININ COLUMN COLUMNa a BELOW

b And+nddodo youyouthmkthink that Tony BlalrBlarwouldwould dodoagooda good lobjob or aI bad 10bjob as Prime MInister,Mmlater,or neither?nelthefl IF GOOD/BAD Iss that very good/badgoodlbad or fairly fan’ly good/bad?goodlbad~ ' RECORD?ECORDINCOLUMNbIN COLUMN b BELOW

c And4nddo you think that Paddy Ashdown would do a good Jobjob orjr a bad job as Prime Minister,Mmlster, or neither?nelthefl IF GOOD/BAD' GOOD/BAD. a b c. Iss that very good/bad or falriyfairly good/bad?good/bad~ JohnJo;n TonyTony Paddy RECORD3ECORDIN COLUMN cC BELOW Major BlalrBlare AahdownAshdown

335433s4 3355 33563354 Very good 1 1 1 Fairly good 2 2 2 NeitherNether good nor bad 3 3 3 FairlyFarly bad 4 4 4 Very bad 5 5 5 (Don't(Don’tknow) 8 8 8 44 OFFICE USE ONLY

9a Looking.ookmg backback overover thethe lastlast vearyear oror ao,so, wouldwould youyou saysay thathat Brrtan’sBntalO's mcmomyeconomy hashas gotgot stronger,stronger, gotgot weakerweaker or~r has stayedstayed aboutabout hethe same?same? - IFF GOT STRONGER OROR WEAKER.WEAKER. By aa lotlot oror aa Mtle?little?

GotGot aa lotlot strongerstronger 11 3357 GotGot aa htttelittlestronger stronger 22 StayedStayed aboutabout thethe samesame 33 GotGot aa littlelittle weakerweaker 44 Got a lotlot weakerweaker 5 (Don’t(Don't know) 8

b Andind Iookmglooking forwardforward toto thethe yearyear ahead, do you thinkhmk Bntam’sBrltam's economy WIIIwill get stronger, get weakerweaker or stay about thethe same? IFF GET STRONGER OR WEAKER By a lot or a llttle7little?

Get a lotlot stronger 1 3358 k Get a Mtlelittle stronger 2 Stay about thethe same 3 Get a httlelittle weaker 4 Get a lot weaker 5 (Don’t(Don't know) 8

c Lookmg.ookmg back over the last year vear or so, would youIOUsay your household'shouseholds Incomeincome has fallen behmd]ehmd prices, kept up with prices or gone up byIy more than pnces?prices? IFF FALLEN BEHINDBEHINO OR GONE UP By a lotlot or a little?httIe7

Fallen behind prices a lot 1 3359 Fallen behind prices a littlehttle 2 Kept up with prces 3 L Kept up With prices 3 Gone up by a littlehttle more than prices 4 Gone up by a lotlot more than prices 5 (Don't(Don’tknow) 8

dd And%d lookingIookmg at thethe year ahead, do you expect your{our household'shousehold’s Incomeincomewill WIIIfall fall behind pnces,prices, keepteep upup Withwithpnces pricesor or gogoup up byby moremore thanthan prices?prlces~ IFF FALLFALL BEHINDBEHIND OROR GOGO UPUP ByBy aa lotlot oror aa little?httle?

Fall behmdbehind pncesprices a lotlot 1 3360 Fall behind pncesprices a littleIhttle 2 Keep up Withwithprices 3 GoGo upup byby aa littleMtlemore more thanthan pricesprices 44 GoGo upup byby aa lotlot moremore thanthan pncesprices 55 (Don't(Don’t know)know] 88 -,-· ... 55 OFFICEOFFICE USEUSE ONLYONLY

1010 INTERVIEWERINTERVIEWERPLEASEPLEASERECORD”RECORD·

aa DateDate ofofmterwewInterview PLEASEPLEASEWRITEWRITEIN:IN: 1 0 9 5 33al-a3

b TimeTime InterviewInterview completedcompleted PLEASEPLEASEWRITEINWRITE IN ~ SS67-703367-70

c Length of InterviewInterview PLEASEPLEASEWRITEWRITE IN.IN" mCD MinutesMinutes 3371-723371-72

d Interviewer name No 3373-763373-76 ‘0 ~DIIJ[J

3377-80 b 3377-80 SPARESPARE

L CRE:.STCRESTCENTREcmm.uzwxFOR RESEARCH IIVfOfhTO ELECTIONS AND SOCIALSOCfAL TRENDS AnAI ESRCESRCR=utilRes=udIiliureCame 35 NooI:IamptmNatbqsm SquareSquaIC dlA I..onOCnIJmill ECIEclvV OAX ~l"X.1<~iwl ruldmu)Cm1lnulUtyCcmmnutyPlanlUng PlmnmgR=dlI@ezrch& NuffieldNulfkld ConegeCollegeOxfmJOxfad TelepboreTele@m 0171-250 18661W5 PP 15041504 October 1995

BRITiSHBRITISHELECTION ELECTION PANELPANEL STUDYSTUDY OCTOBEROCTOBER 19951995 SURVEY

ThiSrhls Isis thethe latestlatest stagestage of thethe BritishBritish ElectionElection Panel Study, Withwithwhich you have kindly helpedlelped usus onon previousprevloua occasionsoccasions We would very much appreciate your help thisthistime byOYcompletingcompleting thisthis shortshort questionnairequestlonnake and returningreturning Itit to us InIn the pre-paldpre-paid envelope provided,Drowded, as soon as you possibly can

Therhe questionsquestionacan be answeredanswared simply by placing a tick (.I)(/) Inm one or more of the boxes NoUospecial special knowledge Isla needed We are sure that everyone WillWIII be able lato take part, notlot Justjust those with strong opinionsoplnlons or particular viewpoints vlawpolnts The questionnaire should be>e filledfilled InIn only by the person InterviewedIntervlewad on preViousprevious occasions The answers you givegive will be treatedtreated as confidential and anonymous

Thankrhank you forfor your help

1ala Piease~lease sayssy whether you are (.I)

male, Dfi 3322

or female D❑

b WhatNhat was your age lasllast birthday?bmhday7 WRITE IN IT]m 3323240323 24 sPAnESPARE 3325293325 29 2a Manyvfany people lean toward a particularpatt!cular partypatty for a long time althoughalthough they may occasionallyoccaalonally vote for a drfferentdtierent party How+OWabout you?you7 Do you Inm general lean toward a partmularparticular party?]arty7 If so, which?whlch7 (/)(,1') ❑ PLEASE~LEASE TICK ONE BOX ONLONLYY ConsewatweConservative Q"'’ 333031 Labour Qu

Liberal Democrats ❑Q PLEASE Scottish National PaflyParty ❑Q ANSWER b BELOW PlaldPlaid Cymru RQ GreanGreen Party ❑Q

Other party (PLEASE SAY WHICH) ~.Q Do not lean towards any paflyparty MQ ~..... PLEASE GO TO 3a

b Takenraken altogether, do you lean toward th!sthiS partcularparticular party (/)(,1')

PLEASE~LEASE TICK ONE BOX ONLONLYY very strongly D❑ 3332 farlyfairly strongly ❑0 Or, not very strongly? Q0 SPARESPARE 3333393333 39

.,. . —

EVERYONEEVERYONE PLEASEPLEASE ANSWER 3a3a Generally speakmg,speaking, dodoyouthinkyou Ihmk of Ihethe liberalLiberal Democrats as beingbemgclosercloser totothethe ConservativeConaervatwe Party or orclosercloser to the Labour Party?Party? (01')

PLEASE TICKTICKONE BOX ONLONLYY Closer to10 ConsewatwesConservatIVes ~o 3340 Closer to Labour Dz

No dlfferencelneltherdifference/neither mI 31

bb NowNow consideringcons4dermgeverythmg everything the ConservativeConservatwe and =PartlesLabour Parties stand for, would you say that (01') PLEASE TICKTICKONE BOX ONLONLYY theretherelsaIS a great differencedlffarence between them, io 33413341 some difference, mD or, not much difference? ❑o

44 IfIftherethere were aagenemlgeneral electionelect!on tomorrow, which politIcalpolhalpa partyrtydoyodo youuthmkyouwouldbethink you would be most likelyhkely toto support?support7 (01') PLEASE TICKTICKONE BOX ONLONLYY C0ns8rvatweConservative 6Q 334243334243 Labour ❑Q

Liberal OemocratsDemocrats ❑Q

Scottish National Party ❑Q Plaid Cymru ❑Q Green ParlyParty ❑Q

Other partyparfy (PLEASE SAY WHICH) _ ❑Q

55 On thethe whole, would youyoudescmbe~describe ofeach ofthemampartlesthe mam parties as extremeaxtremeor moderate nowadays?

PLEASE GIVEGIVE AN ANSWER FOR EACH OF THE PARTIES ANSWER dd ONLY IFIF ININ SCOTLAND a c d Conservative b Liberal ScottishScottish National Party Labour Party Democrats Party

(33044)(32-44) (3345) (3346) (3247)(3347) Extreme ❑ ❑ Extreme o oSI o SIo Moderate I ❑ Moderate o o oL-.2 ❑o Other answer (PLEASE WRITE IN) (PLEASE WRITE IN) -=====--=====::...L:=====-L=====--.J 66 AndAnd wouldwould youyou describedescnbeeach!!£hofoflhethe ma!nmain parhesparties asas untedunitedorordlwdeddivided now~s7nowadays? PLEASEPLEASE GIVEGIVEANAN ANSWERANSWER FORFOR EACHEACH OFOF THETHE PARTIESPARTIES ANSWERANSWERdd ONLYONLYIFIF ININ SCOTLANDSCOTLAND aa c dd ConservativeConservative bb L&eralLiberal Scottish NationalNational PartyParty LabourLabourParfyParty DemocratsDemocrats Pa*Party (33048) (33048) (3351) (s348) (3349) (3?50)(3350) (3s51 ) ExiremeExtreme LIo LIo ❑0L1 0 11 11 11 ❑ ❑~ ❑LlJ ModerateMOder~e[ ~ I o OtherOther answer (PLEASE WRITEWRITE IN)IN) l..:====::...L=====J..,=====...l-=====c..JI I

7a And would you describedescnbe thethe ConservableConservative PartvParty nowadays as a party Conservative PLEASE TICK ONE BOX ONLYONL Y (,I)

thatthat keeps ItsIts promises, 0 33523352 or, breaks tsrts promises? 0 Neither or both 0 Can'tCan’t choose 0

b And thethe Labour Party nowadays IsIsrt it a party Labour PLEASEPLEASE TICKTICKONE BOX ONLONLYY (,I) thatthat would keep rtsfis promises, og 3353 or,or, would break rtstspromises promcsas o~ Neither or both o❑ Can'tCan’t choosechoose o❑

8a8a HowHow goodgood oror badbada a Jobjob dodo youyou thinkthink thatthat JohnJohn MajorMalor ~~ dOingdoing asas PnmePrime MInister?Mmlster~ PLEASEPLEASE TICKTICKONE ONE BOXBOX ININ COLUMNCOLUMN aa F a bb cc JohnJohn TonyTony PaddyPaddy b And how good or bad a Job do you think that b And how good or bad a job do you think that MajorMajor BlaBlair.. AshdownAshdown TonyTony BlalrBlair would- dodo asas PnmePrime Minister?Mmlster~ 33543354 33553355 33583356 PLEASEPLEASE TICKTICKONE ONE BOXBOX ININ COLUMNCOLUMN bb n VeryVeIY goodgood u SI ❑ Cc AndAnd howhow goodgood oror badbada a Jobjob dodo youYOUthinkthink thatthat 0 0 0 PaddyPaddy AshdownAshdown wouldy@@ dodo asas PnmePrime FairlyFairly goodgood ❑ ❑ ❑ Minister?Mmlster~ 0 0 0 PLEASEPLEASE TICKTICKONE ONE BOXBOX ININ COLUMNCOLUMN cC NeitherNetther goodgood nornor badbad 0❑ 0❑ 0❑ In Fairly bad 0 0n 0❑ VeryVery badbadw0 5 F0 5 E0 9a9a LookingLooking backback overoverthethe lastlast yearyear oror so,so, wouldwould youyou saysay thatthat Brltam’sBntaln's economyeconomy hashas gotgot stronger,stronger, gotgot weakerweaker oror hashas stayedstayed aboutabout thethe same?same? (/)(.f)

PLEASEPLEASE TICKTICK ONEONEBOXBOX ONLYONL Y GotaGot a lotlot strongerstronger gD 33573357 GotallttlestrongerGot a little stronger ~D StayedStayed aboutabout thethe samesame ;0

GotaGot a httlelittle weakerweaker u —0 GotaGot a lotlot weakerweaker l-i0

b And Iookmgfomfardlooking forward totheyearahead,to the year ahead, do youyou thinkthink Brrtam’sBrrtarn's economy willWill get stronger,stronger, getget weaker oror staystay about thethe same?same? (/)(.f)

PLEASE TICK ONE BOX ONLYONL Y GetaGet a Iotlot strongerstronger ❑D 33583358 Get aa Me!!ttle stronger Qn Stay aboutabout thethe samesame ~0 GetaGet a httlelittle weaker u0 GetaGet a lotlot weaker •20

c Looking back over the last year or so, would you say your household'shousehold’s Incomeincome has fallen behindbehmdpnces,pnces, kept upupwihprmasorwith prices or gone up by more than prices? (/)(.I)

PLEASE TICK ONE BOX ONLONLYY Fallen behind prices a lot ~0 3359 Fallen behind prices a littlehttle D❑ Kept upupwthpncesWith pnces 0❑ Gone up bybyaa Irttlehttlemorethanpncesmore than prices 0❑ Gone up bybyaa lotlot morerrwre than prices 0❑

dd AndAndlookmglooking atattheyearthe year ahead, do you expect youryour household'shousehold’s ,ncomeincomewill WIIIfall fall behind prices, keepkeep upupwrthpnceswrth prices orergogo upup bybymorethanpnces~more than prices? (.f)(/)

PLEASEPLEASE TICKTICKONE ONE BOXBOX ONLONLYY Fall behind pncesprices a lotlot D; 3360 Fall behindbehmdpncespnces a Irttlelittle D~ KeepKeep upup Withvnth pricesprwes ~ 0,------, GoGo upup byby aa IrttleMe moremore thanthan pricesprices u U— GoGo upup byby aa lotlot moremore thanthan pricesprices 0u SPARESPAF4E 336133K180

ThankThank youyou veryverymuch muchfor foryour your help.help. I I PleasePlease returnreturn thethe questionnairequestionnaire InIn thethe envelopeenvelope provided.prowded.

ecwSC/433OCl~ro“*., 1QC15, $4s I IIWORKOOCSIfI1S04\Q150-4QSCIWORKCK3CSW %,0, 5040SC 008008 I CREST CENTRE FOR RESEARCH INTO ELECTIONS AND SOCIAL TRENDS An ESRC Research Centre 35 Northampton Square at London EC1V 0AX Social and Community Planning Research & Nuffield College Oxford Telephone: 0171-250 1866

P.1559 May 1996

BRITISH ELECTION PANEL STUDY

SPRING 1996 SURVEY

3501-04 3505-06 3507 Serial 35 Number Card Field area

3508-10 3511-14 Sampling Time interview Point started 24 hr clock

3515-18 3519-21 Interviewer O.U.O. Number Batch code 1 OFFICE USE ONLY 1a. Do you regularly read one or more daily morning newspapers? Yes 1 ASK b. 3522 No 2 GO TO Q2

IF YES AT a. b. Which daily morning newspaper do you read most often? CODE ONE ONLY (Scottish) Daily Express 01 3523-24 (Scottish) Daily Mail 02 Daily Mirror/Record 03 Daily Star 04 The Sun 05 Daily Telegraph 07 Financial Times 08 The Guardian 09 The Independent 10 The Times 11 The Scotsman 12 The (Glasgow) Herald 13 The (Aberdeen) Press and Journal 14 Other Scottish/Welsh/regional or local daily morning paper (WRITE IN) ______15

Other (WRITE IN) ______16

ASK ALL WHO READ ANY NEWSPAPER c. About how often do you read ______(NEWSPAPER READ MOST OFTEN)? Every day 1 3525 4 or 5 days a week 2 2 or 3 days a week 3 1 day a week or less often 4

d. Which political party do you think ______(NEWSPAPER READ MOST OFTEN) favours, or does it not favour any one political party? CODE ONE ONLY Does not favour a political party 0 3526 Favours the Conservative Party 1 Favours the Labour Party 2 Favours the Liberal Democrats 3 Favours the SNP/Plaid Cymru 4 Favours another party 7 (Don't know) 8

SPARE 3527-32 2 OFFICE USE ONLY ASK ALL CARD A 2. Please choose a phrase from this card to say how much attention you generally pay to stories on television or in the newspapers about ... READ OUT a. TO e. AND CODE ONE FOR EACH A great Quite a No deal of bit of Some A little attention (Don't attention attention attention attention at all know)

a. ... sport? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3533 b. ... what goes on in politics? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3534 c. ... the Royal Family? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3535 d. ... crime? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3536 e. ... sex scandals? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3537

3. How much interest do you generally have in what is going on in politics ... READ OUT ...... a great deal, 1 3538 quite a lot, 2 some, 3 not very much, 4 or, none at all? 5 (Don't know) 8

4. Would you say you talk about politics ... READ OUT ...... often, 1 3539 sometimes, 2 seldom, 3 or, never? 4 (Don't know) 5

5. INTERVIEWER: WRITE IN SERIAL NO.

IF IT IS EVEN 1 ASK Q6 3540 IF IT IS ODD 2 GO TO Q7 3 OFFICE USE ONLY IF EVEN SERIAL NUMBER 6a. Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as Conservative , Labour, Liberal Democrat (IF SCOTLAND: Nationalist; IF WALES: Plaid Cymru), or what? CODE ONE ONLY IN COLUMN a.

IF NONE/DON'T KNOW (CODE 00 OR 98) AT a. b. Do you generally think of yourself as a little closer to one of the parties than the others? a b IF YES: Which party? 3541-42 3543-44 CODE ONE ONLY IN COLUMN b. Conservative 01 01 Labour 02 02 Liberal Democrat 03 03 Scottish National Party 04 GO TO. 04 ASK c. Plaid Cymru 05 c. 05 Green Party 06 06 Other (WRITE IN) a. ______07 Other (WRITE IN) b. ______07

None/No 00 ASK b. 00 GO TO ABOVE Q7 (Don’t know) 98 98

IF ANY PARTY CODED AT a. OR b. c. Would you call yourself very strong ______( PARTY NAMED AT a. OR b.), fairly strong or not very strong? Very strong 1 3545 Fairly strong 2 Not very strong 3 (Don't know) 8

ASK ALL Now for a few questions about the local elections on the 2nd of May this year. 7. Would you say you cared a great deal which party did best in the recent local council elections or didn't you care very much which party did best? Cared a good deal 1 3546 Didn't care very much 2 4 OFFICE USE ONLY 8. As far as you know, was there a local election in your neighbourhood on the 2nd of May this year?

Yes 1 ASK Q9 3547

No 2 GO TO Q11 (Don't know) 8

IF LOCAL ELECTION IN NEIGHBOURHOOD 9a. A lot of people do not vote in local elections. How about you? Did you vote in the elect ion on the 2nd of May or did you not manage to on this occasion?

Yes, voted 1 ASK b. 3548

No 2 GO TO Q11 (Refused/Don't know/Can't remember) 8

IF YES, VOTED AT a. b. Which party did you vote for? DO NOT PROMPT

Conservative 01 3549-50 Labour 02 Liberal Democrat 03 Scottish National Party 04 Plaid Cymru 05 ASK Q10 Green Party 06 Independent 07 Other (WRITE IN) ______08 More than one (WRITE IN) ______09

Refused 97 GO TO Q11 (Don’t know) 98

IF NAMED PARTY AT Q9b 10a. When you were deciding how to vote in the local elections on the 2nd of May did you vote ... READ OUT ... PROBE FOR ONE CODE ONLY ... mostly according to what was going on in your local area, 1 3551 or, mostly according to what was going on in the country as a whole? 2 (Both equally) 3 Other (WRITE IN) ______7 (Don't know) 8 5 OFFICE USE ONLY CARD B 10b. Which one of the reasons on this card comes closest to the main reason why you voted for the party you chose?

I always vote that way 1 3552 GO TO Q11 I thought it was the best party 2 I really preferred another party but it had no chance of winning in this area 3 ASK c. Other (WRITE IN) ______

______7 GO TO Q11 (None of these/Don't know) 8

IF PREFERRED ANOTHER PARTY AT b. c. Which was the party you really preferred?

CODE ONE ONLY Conservative 01 3553-54 DO NOT PROMPT Labour 02 Liberal Democrat 03 Scottish National Party 04 Plaid Cymru 05 Green Party 06 Independent 07 Other (WRITE IN) ______08 Refused 97 (Don't know) 98

ASK ALL CARD C 11. Thinking about the level of the council tax in your area, do you think it gives good value or poor value for money? Please choose a phrase from this card. Very good value for money 1 3555 Good value 2 Neither good value nor poor value 3 Poor value 4 Very poor value for money 5 (Don't know) 8 6 OFFICE USE ONLY ASK ALL 12a. If there had been a general election on the 2nd of May, which political party do you think you would have been most likely to have voted for, or do you think you would not have voted? DO NOT PROMPT. CODE ONE IN COLUMN a. BELOW

IF PARTY NAMED AT a. b. If the voting paper had required you to give two votes, a. b. in order of preference, which party would you have put Would have as your second choice? Would have put as 2nd DO NOT PROMPT. voted for choice CODE ONE IN COLUMN b. BELOW 3556-57 3558-59

Conservative 01 01 Labour 02 02 Liberal Democrat 03 03 Scottish National Party 04 ASK 04 GO TO Plaid Cymru 05 b. 05 Q13 Green Party 06 06 Other (WRITE IN) a. ______07 - Other (WRITE IN) b. ______- 07 None 00 GO TO 00 Refused to disclose voting 97 Q13 (Don't know) 98

ASK ALL CARD D 13. Please choose a phrase from this card to say how you feel about... Neither READ OUT a.- g. AND Strongly in favour Strongly (Don't CODE ONE FOR EACH in favour In favour nor against Against against know)

a. ... the Conservative Party? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3560

b. ... the Labour Party? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3561

c. ... the Liberal Democrats? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3562

d. ... the Green Party? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3563

e. ... the British National Party? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3564 SCOTLAND ONLY

f. ... the Scottish National Party? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3565 WALES ONLY g. ... Plaid Cymru? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3566

SPARE 3567-80 7 OFFICE USE ONLY ASK ALL 14a. On the whole, would you describe the Conservative Party nowadays as ... READ OUT AND SCOTLAND RECORD IN APPROPRIATE COLUMN ... ONLY a. b. c. d. b. And the Labour Party Conser- nowadays, is it ... vative Labour Lib.Dem. SNP READ OUT ... 3607 3608 3609 3610 ... extreme, 1 1 1 1 c. And the Liberal Democrats, are they ... or, moderate? 2 2 2 2 READ OUT ... (Neither or both) 3 3 3 3 d. SCOTLAND ONLY And the Scottish National (Don't know) 8 8 8 8 Party, is it... READ OUT ...

ASK ALL 15a. And would you describe the Conservative Party nowadays as ... READ OUT AND SCOTLAND RECORD IN APPROPRIATE COLUMN... ONLY a. b. c. d. b. And the Labour Party Conser- nowadays, is it ... vative Labour Lib.Dem. SNP READ OUT ... 3611 3612 3613 3614 ... united, 1 1 1 1 c. And the Liberal Democrats, are they ... or, divided? 2 2 2 2 READ OUT ... (Neither or both) 3 3 3 3 d. SCOTLAND ONLY And the Scottish National (Don't know) 8 8 8 8 Party, is it ... READ OUT ...

ASK ALL 16a. On the whole, would you describe the Conservative Party nowadays as ... READ OUT SCOTLAND AND RECORD IN APPROPRIATE COLUMN ... ONLY a. b. c. d. b. And the Labour Party Conser- nowadays, is it ... vative Labour Lib.Dem. SNP READ OUT ... 3615 3616 3617 3618 ... good for one c. And the Liberal Democrats, class, 1 1 1 1 are they... READ OUT ... or, good for all classes? 2 2 2 2 d. SCOTLAND ONLY And the Scottish (Neither or both) 3 3 3 3 National Party, is it... READ OUT... (Don't know) 8 8 8 8 8 OFFICE USE ONLY

ASK ALL 17a. And on the whole, would you describe the Conservative Party nowadays as ... READ OUT SCOTLAND AND RECORD IN APPROPRIATE COLUMN ... ONLY a. b. c. d. b. And the Labour Party Conser- nowadays, is it ... vative Labour Lib.Dem. SNP READ OUT ... 3619 3620 3621 3622 ... capable of being a c. And the Liberal strong government, 1 1 1 1 Democrats, are they... or, not capable of being READ OUT ... a strong government? 2 2 2 2

d. SCOTLAND ONLY (Neither or both) 3 3 3 3 And the Scottish National Party, is it... (Don't know) 8 8 8 8 READ OUT ...

ASK ALL 18a. And on the whole, would you describe the Conservative Party nowadays as a party that ... READ OUT AND RECORD IN SCOTLAND APPROPRIATE COLUMN ... ONLY a. b. c. d. b. And the Labour Party Conser- nowadays, is it a party that… vative Labour Lib.Dem. SNP READ OUT ... 3623 3624 3625 3626 ... keeps its c. And the Liberal promises, 1 1 1 1 Democrats, are they a party that… or, breaks its READ OUT ... promises? 2 2 2 2

d. SCOTLAND ONLY (Neither or both) 3 3 3 3 And the Scottish National Party, is it a party that… (Don't know) 8 8 8 8 READ OUT ...

SPARE 3627-32 9 OFFICE USE ONLY ASK ALL 19a. Now some similar questions, but this time about some of the party leaders. Would you describe John Major as ... SCOTLAND ... READ OUT AND RECORD IN ONLY APPROPRIATE COLUMN ... a. b. c. d. b. And Tony Blair, would you John Tony Paddy Alex describe him as ... Major Blair Ashdown Salmond READ OUT 3633 3634 3635 3636 ...extreme, 1 1 1 1 c. And Paddy Ashdown, would you describe him as ... READ OUT or, moderate? 2 2 2 2

IF INTERVIEWING IN SCOTLAND (Neither or both) 3 3 3 3 d. And Alex Salmond, would you describe him as ... READ OUT (Don’t know) 8 8 8 8

ASK ALL 20a. And on the whole would you say John Major… ... READ OUT AND RECORD IN SCOTLAND APPROPRIATE COLUMN ... ONLY a. b. c. d. b. And Tony Blair, would you John Tony Paddy Alex say he… Major Blair Ashdown Salmond READ OUT ... 3637 3638 3639 3640 ... looks after one class, 1 1 1 1 c. And Paddy Ashdown would you say he... READ OUT ... or, looks after all classes, 2 2 2 2

IF INTERVIEWING IN SCOTLAND (Neither or both) 3 3 3 3 d. And Alex Salmond would you say he ... READ OUT ... (Don’t know) 8 8 8 8

ASK ALL 21a. And would you describe John Major as ... SCOTLAND ... READ OUT AND RECORD IN ONLY APPROPRIATE COLUMN ... a. b. c. d. b. And Tony Blair, would you John Tony Paddy Alex describe him as… Major Blair Ashdown Salmond READ OUT ... 3641 3642 3643 3644 ... capable of being a strong leader, 1 1 1 1 c. And Paddy Ashdown would you describe him as ... READ OUT ... or, not capable of being a strong leader, 2 2 2 2

IF INTERVIEWING IN SCOTLAND (Neither or both) 3 3 3 3 d. And Alex Salmond would you describe him as ... READ OUT ... (Don’t know) 8 8 8 8 10 OFFICE USE ONLY ASK ALL 22a. And on the whole would you describe John Major as a man who… ... READ OUT AND RECORD IN SCOTLAND APPROPRIATE COLUMN ... ONLY a. b. c. d. b. And Tony Blair, would you John Tony Paddy Alex describe him as a man who… Major Blair Ashdown Salmond READ OUT ... 3645 3646 3647 3648 …keeps his promises, 1 1 1 1 c. And Paddy Ashdown would you describe him as a man who... READ OUT ... or, breaks his promises? 2 2 2 2

IF INTERVIEWING IN SCOTLAND (Neither or both) 3 3 3 3 d. And Alex Salmond would you describe him as a man who ... READ OUT ... (Don’t know) 8 8 8 8

ASK ALL 23a. CARD E How good a job do you think John Major is doing as Prime Minister? CODE ONE IN COLUMN a. BELOW

b. And how good a job do you think Tony Blair would do as Prime Minister? CODE ONE IN COLUMN b. BELOW

c. And how good a job do you think Paddy Ashdown would do as Prime Minister? CODE ONE IN COLUMN c. BELOW a. b. c. John Tony Paddy Major Blair Ashdown 3649 3650 3651 Very good 1 1 1 Fairly good 2 2 2 Neither good nor bad 3 3 3 Fairly bad 4 4 4 Very bad 5 5 5 (Don't know) 8 8 8 11 OFFICE USE ONLY 24. These next questions are about things that different parties are in favour of. If you feel you don’t know, just tell me and we’ll go to the next question.

a. First, which party would you say is most in favour of changing the voting system to a form of proportional representation? DO NOT PROMPT. ONE CODE ONLY IN COLUMN a.

b. And which party would you say is most in favour of reducing government spending in order to cut taxes? DO NOT PROMPT. ONE CODE ONLY IN COLUMN b.

c. And which party would you say is most in favour of schools being under local authority control? DO NOT PROMPT. ONE CODE ONLY IN COLUMN c. a. b. c. Changing Reducing Schools under voting system spending L.A control 3652-53 3654-55 3656-57 Conservative 01 01 01

Labour 02 02 02 Liberal Democrat 03 03 03 ------Scottish National Party 04 04 04

Plaid Cymru 05 05 05

Green Party 06 06 06

Other party (CODE AND WRITE IN) 07 07 07

______(Don’t know) 98 98 98 None 00 00 00 12 OFFICE USE ONLY 25a. And which party would you say is most in favour of independence for Scotland? DO NOT PROMPT. ONE CODE ONLY IN COLUMN a.

b. And which party would you say is most in favour of letting private industry run the railways? DO NOT PROMPT. ONE CODE ONLY IN COLUMN b.

c. And which party would you say is most in favour of setting a minimum wage level, below which no-one can be paid? DO NOT PROMPT. ONE CODE ONLY IN COLUMN c. a. b. c. Independence Private industry Minimum ` for Scotland running railways wage level ` 3658-59 3660-61 3662-63 Conservative 01 01 01

Labour 02 02 02 Liberal Democrat 03 03 03 ------Scottish National Party 04 04 04

Plaid Cymru 05 05 05

Green Party 06 06 06

Other party (CODE AND WRITE IN) 07 07 07

______(Don’t know) 98 98 98 None 00 00 00

SPARE 3664-80 13 OFFICE USE ONLY Unemployment and Inflation

SHOW BOOKLET PAGE 1 AND GIVE PENCIL

26. Please look at this page. Some people feel that getting people back to work should be the government's top priority. These people would put themselves in Box A. (POINT) Other people feel that keeping prices down should be the government's top priority. These people would put themselves in Box K. (POINT) And other people have views somewhere in-between, along here (POINT LEFT A-F) or along here (POINT RIGHT K-F).

a. In the first row of boxes, please tick whichever box comes closest to your own views about unemployment and inflation f. CODING: RING ONE IN EACH COLUMN SCOTLAND Now where do you think the a. b. c. d. ONLY Conservative and Labour Own Conser- Liberal e. parties stand: views vative Labour Democrat SNP 3707-08 3709-10 3711-12 3713-14 3715-16 b. First the Conservative Party. A = 01 01 01 01 = A = 01 In the next row of boxes, please B = 02 02 02 02 = B = 02 tick whichever box you think comes closest to the views C = 03 03 03 03 = C = 03 of the Conservative Party? D = 04 04 04 04 = D = 04 c. Now in the next row please E = 05 05 05 05 = E = 05 tick whichever box you think comes closest to the views F = 06 06 06 06 = F = 06 of the Labour Party? G = 07 07 07 07 = G = 07 d. And now, please tick H = 08 08 08 08 = H = 08 whichever box you think comes closest to the views I = 09 09 09 09 = I = 09 of the Liberal Democrats? J = 10 10 10 10 = J = 10 IN SCOTLAND ONLY K = 11 11 11 11 = K = 11 e. Now tick whichever box you think comes closest to the views of the Scottish National Party?

Left ASK ALL Left of A = 12 12 12 12 = of A = 12 f. Now please tell me the Right letters of the boxes Right of K = 13 13 13 13 = of K = 13 you ticked in each row, starting with the first row Don't Don't know = 98 98 98 98 = know = 98

RING CODES IN GRID AS APPROPRIATE

SHOW BOOKLET PAGE 2

27. Please look at this page. Some people feel that government should put up taxes a lot and spend much more on health and social services. These people would put themselves in Box A. (POINT) Other people feel that government should cut taxes a lot and spend much less on health and social services. These people would put themselves in Box K. (POINT) And other people have views somewhere in-between, along here (POINT LEFT A-F) or along here (POINT RIGHT K-F).

a. In the first row of boxes, please tick whichever box comes closest to your own views about taxes and government spending. f. CODING: RING ONE IN EACH COLUMN SCOTLAND Now where do you think the a. b. c. d. ONLY Conservative and Labour Own Conser- Liberal e. parties stand: views vative Labour Democrat SNP 3717-18 3719-20 3721-22 3723-24 3725-26

b. First the Conservative Party. A = 01 01 01 01 = A = 01 In the next row of boxes, please B = 02 02 02 02 = B = 02 tick whichever box you think comes closest to the views C = 03 03 03 03 = C = 03 of the Conservative Party? D = 04 04 04 04 = D = 04 c. Now in the next row please E = 05 05 05 05 = E = 05 tick whichever box you think comes closest to the views F = 06 06 06 06 = F = 06 of the Labour Party? G = 07 07 07 07 = G = 07 d. And now, please tick H = 08 08 08 08 = H = 08 whichever box you think comes closest to the views I = 09 09 09 09 = I = 09 of the Liberal Democrats? J = 10 10 10 10 = J = 10 IN SCOTLAND ONLY K = 11 11 11 11 = K = 11 e. Now tick whichever box you think comes closest to the views of the Scottish National Party?

RING CODES IN GRID AS APPROPRIATE

SHOW BOOKLET PAGE 3

28. Please look at this page. Some people feel that government should nationalise many more private companies. These people would put themselves in Box A. (POINT) Other people feel that government should sell off many more nationalised industries . These people would put themselves in Box K. (POINT) And other people have views somewhere in-between, along here (POINT LEFT A-F) or along here (POINT RIGHT K-F).

a. In the first row of boxes, please tick whichever box comes closest to your own views about nationalisation and privatisation. f. CODING: RING ONE IN EACH COLUMN SCOTLAND Now where do you think the a. b. c. d. ONLY Conservative and Labour Own Conser- Liberal e. parties stand: views vative Labour Democrat SNP 3727-28 3729-30 3731-32 3733-34 3735-36 b. First the Conservative Party. A = 01 01 01 01 = A = 01 In the next row of boxes, please B = 02 02 02 02 = B = 02 tick whichever box you think comes closest to the views C = 03 03 03 03 = C = 03 of the Conservative Party? D = 04 04 04 04 = D = 04 c. Now in the next row please E = 05 05 05 05 = E = 05 tick whichever box you think comes closest to the views F = 06 06 06 06 = F = 06 of the Labour Party? G = 07 07 07 07 = G = 07 d. And now, please tick H = 08 08 08 08 = H = 08 whichever box you think comes closest to the views I = 09 09 09 09 = I = 09 of the Liberal Democrats? J = 10 10 10 10 = J = 10 IN SCOTLAND ONLY K = 11 11 11 11 = K = 11 e. Now tick whichever box you think comes closest to the views of the Scottish National Party?

RING CODES IN GRID AS APPROPRIATE

SHOW BOOKLET PAGE 4

29. Please look at this page. Some people feel that government should make much greater efforts to make people's incomes more equal. These people would put themselves in Box A. (POINT) Other people feel that government should be much less concerned about how equal people's incomes are. These people would put themselves in Box K. (POINT) And other people have views somewhere in-between, along here (POINT LEFT A-F) or along here (POINT RIGHT K-F).

a. In the first row of boxes, please tick whichever box comes closest to your own views about redistributing income. f. CODING: RING ONE IN EACH COLUMN SCOTLAND Now where do you think the a. b. c. d. ONLY Conservative and Labour Own Conser- Liberal e. parties stand: views vative Labour Democrat SNP 3737-38 3739-40 3741-42 3743-44 3745-46 b. First the Conservative Party. A = 01 01 01 01 = A = 01 In the next row of boxes, please B = 02 02 02 02 = B = 02 tick whichever box you think comes closest to the views C = 03 03 03 03 = C = 03 of the Conservative Party? D = 04 04 04 04 = D = 04 c. Now in the next row please E = 05 05 05 05 = E = 05 tick whichever box you think comes closest to the views F = 06 06 06 06 = F = 06 of the Labour Party? G = 07 07 07 07 = G = 07 d. And now, please tick H = 08 08 08 08 = H = 08 whichever box you think comes closest to the views I = 09 09 09 09 = I = 09 of the Liberal Democrats? J = 10 10 10 10 = J = 10 IN SCOTLAND ONLY K = 11 11 11 11 = K = 11 e. Now tick whichever box you think comes closest to the views of the Scottish National Party?

RING CODES IN GRID AS APPROPRIATE

SHOW BOOKLET PAGE 5

30. Please look at this page. Some people feel that Britain should do all it can to unite fully with the European Union (sometimes still called the European Community). These people would put themselves in BOX A. (POINT) Other people feel that Britain should do all it can to protect its independence from the European Union. These people would put themselves in BOX K. (POINT) Other people have views somewhere in between, along here (POINT LEFT A-F) or along here (POINT RIGHT K-F).

a. In the first row of boxes, please tick whichever box comes closest to your own views about the European Union. f. CODING: RING ONE IN EACH COLUMN SCOTLAND Now where do you think the a. b. c. d. ONLY Conservative and Labour Own Conser- Liberal e. parties stand: views vative Labour Democrat SNP 3747-48 3749-50 3751-52 3753-54 3755-56 b. First the Conservative Party. A = 01 01 01 01 = A = 01 In the next row of boxes, please B = 02 02 02 02 = B = 02 tick whichever box you think comes closest to the views C = 03 03 03 03 = C = 03 of the Conservative Party? D = 04 04 04 04 = D = 04 c. Now in the next row please E = 05 05 05 05 = E = 05 tick whichever box you think comes closest to the views F = 06 06 06 06 = F = 06 of the Labour Party? G = 07 07 07 07 = G = 07 d. And now, please tick H = 08 08 08 08 = H = 08 whichever box you think comes closest to the views I = 09 09 09 09 = I = 09 of the Liberal Democrats? J = 10 10 10 10 = J = 10 IN SCOTLAND ONLY K = 11 11 11 11 = K = 11 e. Now tick whichever box you think comes closest to the views of the Scottish National Party?

RING CODES IN GRID AS APPROPRIATE

INTERVIEWER: You may change any code already ringed if, on reflection, a respondent wants to change his or her mind. Ensure that final entries are clear on grid and in scale booklet. If asked you may confirm that letter F is the middle box. SPARE 3757-80 18 OFFICE USE ONLY CARD F 31. Using this card, do you think the government should or should not do the following, or doesn’t it matter either way? READ OUT AND CODE a. AND b.

Doesn’t Definitely Probably matter Probably Definitely (Don’t should should either way should not should not know) a. Introduce stricter laws to regulate the activities of trade unions? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3807 b. Give workers more say in running the places where they work? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3808

32. INTERVIEWER: WRITE IN SERIAL NO.

IF IT IS EVEN 1 GO TO Q34 3809 IF IT IS ODD 2 ASK Q33

IF ODD SERIAL NUMBER 33a. Generally speaking, do you thi nk of yourself as Conservative, Labour, Liberal Democrat (IF SCOTLAND: Nationalist; IF WALES: Plaid Cymru), or what? CODE ONE ONLY IN COLUMN a.

IF NONE/DON'T KNOW (CODE 00 OR 98) AT a. b. Do you generally think of yourself as a little closer to one of the parties than the others? IF YES: Which party? a. b. CODE ONE ONLY IN COLUMN b. 3810-11 3812-13

Conservative 01 01 Labour 02 02 Liberal Democrat 03 03 Scottish National Party 04 GO TO 04 ASK c. Plaid Cymru 05 c. 05 Green Party 06 06 Other (WRITE IN) a. ______07 - Other (WRITE IN) b. ______- 07 None/No 00 ASK b. 00 GO TO ABOVE Q34 (Don’t know) 98 98

IF ANY PARTY CODED AT a. OR b. c. Would you call yourself very strong ______( PARTY NAMED AT a. OR b.), fairly strong or not very strong?

Very strong 1 3814 Fairly strong 2 Not very strong 3 (Don't know) 8 19 OFFICE USE ONLY ASK ALL CARD G 34. Since the last general election in June 1992, would you say that unemployment has increased or fallen? Please choose a phrase from the card. Gone Gone Gone Gone REPEAT FOR ITEMS b.- i. BELOW up up Stayed down down (Don't a lot a little the same a little a lot know)

a. (Unemployment) 1 2 3 4 5 8 3815

b. The rate of inflation? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3816

c. What about taxes? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3817 ------d. The standard of the health service? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3818

e. Crime? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3819

f. The quality of education? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3820

g. Interest rates? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3821 ------h. Your own standard of living? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3822

i. The general standard of living? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3823

CARD H 35. Now suppose the Labour Party had won the last general election. Would it have done better on unemployment than the Conservatives, done worse, or wouldn’t it have made any difference? Please choose a phrase from the card.

REPEAT FOR ITEMS b.- i. BELOW A lot A little No A little A lot (Don’t better better difference worse worse know) a. (Unemployment) 1 2 3 4 5 8 3824

b. The rate of inflation? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3825

c. What about taxes? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3826 ------d. The standard of the health service? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3827

e. Crime? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3828

f. The quality of education? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3829

g. Interest rates? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3830 ------h. Your own standard of living? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3831

i. The general standard of living? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3832

SPARE 3833-38 20 OFFICE USE ONLY INTERVIEWER: NOW ENTER THE SERIAL NUMBER ON THE SELF-COMPLETION QUESTIONNAIRE ...... AND HAND IT TO THE RESPONDENT WITH A PENCIL 36a. The next set of questions, which are in this short questionnaire, will probably be easier to answer if you read them. All of them can be answered just by ticking a box. If you don't have an opinion on a particular question, just tick the ‘Neither’ box or the `Can't choose' box. [ADD ONLY IF NECESSARY: The answers you give, like all the others, will be confidential. All we put on this questionnaire is a number so that we can link it with the interview questionnaire.] If you need any help, do please ask. I will just be doing some paperwork while you fill in the questionnaire.

*******

WHEN RESPONDENT HAS FINISHED, TAKE BACK THE SELF-COMPLETION QUESTIONNAIRE ...... AND CHECK THAT EVERY QUESTION HAS BEEN ANSWERED ... AND CODE: b. Self-completion questionnaire completed and serial numbered - and no help given 1 3839 - and help given 2 Not completed (WRITE IN REASON) ______3

37a. Looking back over the last year or so, would you say that Britain's economy has got stronger, got weaker or has stayed about the same? IF GOT STRONGER OR WEAKER: By a lot or a little?

Got a lot stronger 1 3840 Got a little stronger 2 Stayed about the same 3 Got a little weaker 4 Got a lot weaker 5 (Don't know) 8

b. And looking forward to the year ahead, do you think Britain's economy will get stronger, get weaker or stay about the same? IF GET STRONGER OR WEAKER: By a lot or a little?

Get a lot stronger 1 3841 Get a little stronger 2 Stay about the same 3 Get a little weaker 4 Get a lot weaker 5 (Don't know) 8 21 OFFICE USE ONLY 38a. Looking back over the last year or so, would you say your household's income has fallen behind prices, kept up with prices or gone up by more than prices? IF FALLEN BEHIND OR GONE UP: By a lot or a little?

Fallen behind prices a lot 1 3842 Fallen behind prices a little 2 Kept up with prices 3 Gone up by a little more than prices 4 Gone up by a lot more than prices 5 (Don't know) 8

b. And looking at the year ahead, do you expect your household's income will fall behind prices, keep up with prices or go up by more than prices? IF FALL BEHIND OR GO UP: By a lot or a little? Fall behind prices a lot 1 3843 Fall behind prices a little 2 Keep up with prices 3 Go up by a little more than prices 4 Go up by a lot more than prices 5 (Don't know) 8

39. Compared with two or three years ago, do you and your household nowadays generally feel more secure or less secure against crime, or do you not feel any different? IF MORE OR LESS: A lot or a little? A lot more secure 1 3844 A little more secure 2 No difference 3 A little less secure 4 A lot less secure 5

40. And compared with two or three years ago, do you and your household nowadays generally feel more confident or less confident about being able to keep or find a job, or do you not feel any different? IF MORE OR LESS: A lot or a little? A lot more confident 1 3845 A little more confident 2 No difference 3 A little less confident 4 A lot less confident 5 Does not apply 6 22 OFFICE USE ONLY 41. Compared with two or three years ago, do you and your household nowadays generally feel more confident or less confident about being able to keep up your standard of living, or do you not feel any different? IF MORE OR LESS: A lot or a little? A lot more confident 1 3846 A little more confident 2 No difference 3 A little less confident 4 A lot less confident 5

42. And compared with two or three years ago, do you and your household nowadays generally feel more confident or less confident about being able to keep up with your mortgage or rent payments, or do you not feel any different? IF MORE OR LESS: A lot or a little? A lot more confident 1 3847 A little more confident 2 No difference 3 A little less confident 4 A lot less confident 5 Does not apply 6

43. And compared with two or three years ago, do you and your household nowadays generally feel more confident or less confident that the National Health Service will be able to look after you properly when you need it, or do you not feel any different? IF MORE OR LESS: A lot or a little?

A lot more confident 1 3848 A little more confident 2 No difference 3 A little less confident 4 A lot less confident 5

ASK Q.44a IN SCOTLAND AND ENGLAND ONLY IN WALES, GO TO Q.44b CARD I AND READ OUT 44a. An issue in Scotland is the question of an elected Assembly - a special parliament for Scotland dealing with Scottish affairs. Which of these statements comes closest to your view … READ OUT …

…Scotland should become independent, separate from the UK and the European Union, 01 3849-50 Scotland should become independent, separate from the UK but part of the European Union, 02 Scotland should remain part of the UK but with its own elected Assembly that has some taxation and spending powers, 03 or, there should be no change from the present system? 04 Other (WRITE IN) ______05 (Don’t know) 98 23 OFFICE USE ONLY ASK IN WALES ONLY CARD J AND READ OUT 44b. An issue in Wales is the question of an elected Assembly - a special parliament for Wales dealing with Welsh affairs. Which of these statements comes closest to your view …READ OUT… …Wales should become independent, separate from the UK and the European Union, 01 3851-52 Wales should become independent, separate from the UK but part of the European Union, 02 Wales should remain part of the UK but with its own elected Assembly that has some taxation and spending powers, 03 or, there should be no change from the present system? 04 Other (WRITE IN) ______05 (Don’t know) 98

ASK ALL 45a. Now, thinking of the next general election in a year or so’s time. Which party do you think you are most likely to vote for then? CODE ONE ONLY Conservative 01 3853-54 Labour 02 Liberal Democrat 03 Scottish National Party 04 ASK b. Plaid Cymru 05 Green Party 06 Other (WRITE IN) ______07 Refused to say 96 (Probably) would not vote 97 GO TO Q.46 (Don't know) 98

IF PARTY NAMED AT a. b. Do you think you might seriously consider voting for another party then?

Yes 1 ASK c. 3855 No 2 GO TO Q.46 (Don't know) 8 24 OFFICE USE ONLY

IF YES AT b. 45c. Which other party? CODE ONE ONLY Conservative 01 3856-57 Labour 02 Liberal Democrat 03 Scottish National Party 04 Plaid Cymru 05 Green Party 06 Other (WRITE IN) ______07 Refused to say 96 (Probably) would not vote 97 (Don't know) 98

ASK ALL 46. CARD K Suppose the Conservative Party were to win the next general election. Do you think that unemployment would be likely to go up or go down? Please choose a phrase from the card. REPEAT FOR b. TO d. BELOW Stay Go Go Go up Go up the down down (Don’t a lot a little same a little a lot know)

a. … (unemployment)? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3858

b. The rate of inflation? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3859

c. Taxes? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3860

d. Crime? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3861

CARD K AGAIN 47. Again supposing the Conservative Party won the next general election. Do you think that the standard of the health service would go up or go down? REPEAT FOR b. TO e. BELOW Stay Go Go Go up Go up the down down (Don’t a lot a little same a little a lot know)

a. ...(the standard of the health service)? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3862

b. The quality of education? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3863

c. Interest rates? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3864

d. Your own standard of living? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3865

e. The general standard of living? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3866 25 OFFICE USE ONLY 48. And supposing the Conservative Party won the next general election. Do you think that Britain’s economy would get stronger, get weaker, or stay about the same? IF STRONGER OR WEAKER: By a lot or a little? Get a lot stronger 1 3867 Get a little stronger 2 Stay about the same 3 Get a little weaker 4 Get a lot weaker 5 (Don't know) 8

SPARE CARD K AGAIN 3868-80 49. Now suppose the Labour Party were to win the next general election. Do you think that unemployment would be likely to go up or go down? Please choose a phrase from the card. REPEAT FOR b. TO d. BELOW Stay Go Go Go up Go up the down down (Don’t a lot a little same a little a lot know)

a. … (unemployment)? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3907

b. The rate of inflation? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3908

c. Taxes? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3909

d. Crime? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3910

CARD K AGAIN 50. Again supposing the Labour Party won the next general election. Do you think that the standard of the health service would go up or go down? REPEAT FOR b. TO e. BELOW Stay Go Go Go up Go up the down down (Don’t a lot a little same a little a lot know) a. ...(the standard of the health service)? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3911

b. the quality of education? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3912

c. interest rates? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3913

d. your own standard of living? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3914

e. the general standard of living? 1 2 3 4 5 8 3915

51. And again, supposing the Labour Party won the next general election. Do you think that Britain’s economy would get stronger, get weaker, or stay about the same? IF STRONGER OR WEAKER: By a lot or a little? Get a lot stronger 1 3916 Get a little stronger 2 Stay about the same 3 Get a little weaker 4 Get a lot weaker 5 (Don't know) 8 26 OFFICE USE ONLY 52a. May I just check your age last birthday? 3917-18

INTERVIEWER: PLEASE CODE b. Is the respondent male or female? Male 1 3919 Female 2

CARD L 53. Which of these descriptions applies to what you were doing last week, that is, in the seven days ending last Sunday? PROBE: Any others? CODE ALL THAT APPLY IN COLUMN I IF ONLY ONE CODE AT I, TRANSFER IT TO COLUMN II IF MORE THAN ONE AT I, TRANSFER HIGHEST ON LIST TO II COL I COL II ECONOMIC POSITION In full-time education (not paid for by employer, including on vacation) A 01 3920-21 On government training/employment programme (eg. Youth Training, Training for Work, etc.) B 02 In paid work (or away temporarily) for at least 10 hours in the week C 03 Waiting to take up paid work already accepted D 04 Unemployed and registered at a benefit office E 05 Unemployed, not registered, but actively looking for a job (of at least 10 hours a week) F 06 Unemployed, wanting a job (of at least 10 hrs per week) but not actively looking for a job G 07 Permanently sick or disabled H 08 Wholly retired from work J 09 Looking after the home K 10 Doing something else (WRITE IN) ______L 11

54a. Is there a telephone in (your part of) this accommodation? Yes 1 ASK b. 3922 No 2 GO TO Q55 IF ‘Yes’ AT a. b. A few interviews on any survey are checked by a supervisor to make sure that people are satisfied with the way the interview was carried out. In case my supervisor needs to contact you, it would be helpful if we could have your telephone number.

IF NUMBER GIVEN, WRITE IN ON ARF - NOT HERE!

Number given 1 3923 Number refused/no number 2 27 OFFICE USE ONLY

ASK ALL 55a. Because the survey is designed to measure change over time, we would like to contact you again within the next year. INTERVIEWER: CHECK PAGE 1 OF ARF (RIGHT HAND LABEL)

Stable address on ARF 1 ASK b. 3924 No stable address on ARF 2 GO TO c. IF STABLE ADDRESS ON ARF b. Last time you kindly gave us the address of someone who would still know your whereabouts. READ ADDRESS AND 'PHONE NUMBER FROM PAGE 1 OF THE ARF If necessary, could we contact that address next ti me? Yes 1 GO TO Q56 3925 No 2 ASK c. IF ‘No’ AT b. c. Is there an (other) address or 'phone number you could give or of someone who would know your whereabouts?

Yes 1 COMPLETE d. 3926 No 2 GO TO Q56

d. WRITE `STABLE ADDRESS' (AND 'PHONE NO) ON THE ARF, NOT HERE!

24 hour clock 56a. TIME INTERVIEW ENDED WRITE IN: 3927-30

b. TOTAL LENGTH OF INTERVIEW: (SEE FRONT COVER AND a. ABOVE) MINUTES: 3931-33

c. INTERVIEWER SIGNATURE:

______

d. DATE OF INTERVIEW: DAY MONTH YEAR 0 9 6 3934-39

SPARE 3940-80

THANK YOU

PLEASE MAKE SURE THAT THE ARF IS COMPLETELY FILLED IN, INCLUDING THE RESPONDENT'S NAME (AND 'PHONE NO AND STABLE ADDRESS IF GIVEN)

* PLEASE CHECK THE QUESTIONNAIRES AND RETURN THEM TO THE OFFICE AS SOON AS YOU CAN

* RETURN THE COMPLETED ARF TO THE OFFICE IN A SEPARATE ENVELOPE, NOT WITH THE QUESTIONNAIRES OR SCALE BOOKLET 1996 at BRITISH SOCIal An CREST ESRC and SUIiIVEY ComrnunIly R=n::h ELECTION Centre PlannIng CEN1RE - England Re.

UJ College Wales INfO Oxfonl !CI10NS AND SCALE Telephone 35 London SOCIAL NonI1amplon ECIV 0171-250 TRENDS BOOKLlET OAX Square 1866

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— 1996 BRITISH Social at An CRl~T ESRC and SURVEY R,,,,,,,,,,h Community ELECTION Centre Planning CFNfRE - Scotland RescaJ~h PANIEL FOR & R1~FARCH Nurlield STUDY College INIO Oxfml !ECTIONS AND Telephone SCALE 35 London SOCIAL Northampton EC IV 0171-250 TRENDS BOOKL.ET OAX Square 1866 • OFFICE May SerlalNo P 1559 1996 USE ONLY U~

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BRITISHBRITISH ELECTIONELECTION PANELPANELSTUDY STUDY OCTOBEROCTOBER 19961996 TELEPHONETELEPHONE SURVEYSURVEY

4201-04a CD42CD42 SerialSerial numbernumber ITllTJ 4205-06.205-06 BATCHG 4207-11~ TimeTime intervIewinterwew startedstarted rnrn 4212~ 15 SPARESPARE 4216-21~

1 INTERVIEWERINTERVIEWER RECORDRECORD RESPONDENT'SRESPONDENT’S SEXSEX MaleMale 11 42224222

FemaleFemale 22

SPARE3PARE 4223-24223.24

2a GenerallyGenerally speaking, do you thinkthink of yourself as Conservative,Conservatwe, Labour,Labour, Liberal Democrat (IF(IF SCOTLAND Nationalist, IF WALES Plaid Cymru), or what? CODECODEONE ONLY ININ COLUMN a

IFIF NONE/DON'TNONE/DON’T KNOW (CODE 00 OR 98) AT a

b Do you generally think of yourself as a little closer to oneme of the partiesparhee than the others? IFIF YES Which party?party~ CODE ONE ONLY IN COLUMN b l2~5-4226a b ?25-4226 4227-4228 ConservativeConservatwe I 01’01'" 01 '" Labour 02 02 I Liberal Democrat 03 03 I GO Scottish National Party 04 TO 04 “c c 'l;K PlaldPlaid Cymru 05 05

Green Party 06 06 Other (WRITE IN) a _ 07 Other (WRITE IN) b _ Other (WRITE IN) b _ —0707", None/No 00 '" ASKASK 0000 GOGO bb TOTO (Don’t(Don't know) 9898 ABOVEABOVE 9898 Q3203a

IFF ANYANY PARTYPARTY CODEDCODED ATAT aa OROR bb

cc WouldNould youyou callcall yourselfyourself veryvery strongstrong (PARTY(PARTY NAMED ATAT aa OROR bb),), fairlyfairly strongstrong oror notnot vetyvery strong?strong? VeryVery strongstrong 11 42294229

FairlyFairly strongstrong 22

NotNot veryvery strongstrong 33

(Don’t(Don't know)know) 88 sPARESPARE 4230-414230-41 2 OFFICE USEUSE ONLYONLY

33 Iffthere there waswas a general electionelecbon tomorrow, which political]ohtmal partyparty do you thinkthink you would be most likelyIkely toto support?aupport~

CODEZODE ONEONE ONLYONLY ConservatweConservative 01 4242-43

Labour 02

Liberal Democrats 03

ScoltishScottwh NahonalNational Party 04

PlaidPlald Cymru 05

Green Party 06

OtherOther (WRITE(WRITEIN) IN) 07

None 08

Refused to say 96

(Don’t(Don't know) 98

r------4a4a On3n thethe whole, would you descnbedescribe the ConservativeConservatwe I Party~ nowadaysnowadays as READ OUT AND i SCOTLANDjCOTLAN RECORD3ECORDIN IN APPROPRIATE COLUMN : ONLY a b c : d a b c I , bb And4nd thethe LabourLabour PartyParty Conser- , , , nowadays,)owadays, ISIS ItIt vativevallve Labour Llb Dem , SNP , READ3EAD OUTOUT 4244 4245 4246 , 42474247 1 1 , 1 extreme, 1 1 1 , 1 I cc And4nd thethe liberalL!beral Democrats,Democrats, I I areire theythey or, moderate? 2 2 2 I 22 I READ3EAD OUTtiUT , I I (Neither(Nekheror both) 3 3 3 I 3 I I dd SCOTLANDSCOTLAND ONLY , 4ndthe Scottish National (Don’t know) 8 And the Scottish National (Don't know) 8 8 8 :L 8 _ Party,~, ISIs!tIt READ3EAD OUTOUT

Sa5a And!nd would you descnbedescribe thethe ConservativeConservatwe r------Party~ nowadaysnowadays as READ OUT AND SCOTLAND;COTLAN RECORD3ECORDIN IN APPROPRIATE COLUMN ONLY a b c d bb And4nd thethe LabourLabour PartyPart! Conser-COnser- nowadays,)owadays, ISIS ItIt vatwevallve Labour LibLlb Dem SNP READ3EAD OUTOUT 4248 4249 4250 42514251 united,umted, 1 1 1 1 cc And4nd thethe LiberalLiberal Democrats,Democrats, areire theythey or, divided?dw!ded~ 2 2 2 22 READ3EAD OUTOUT (Neither or both) 3 3 3 3 dd SCOTLAND;COTLAND ONLY

And!ndthe the ScottishScottish NationalNational (Don't(Don’tknow) 8 8 8 l.. ______8 ...... Party,~, ISIs ItIt READ3EAD OUTOUT 3 OFFICE USE ONLY

6a AndInd would you descnbedescribe the ConselVatlveConservatwe Party nowadayslowadays as a party READ OUT a ConservativeConservatwe

that keeps Its promises, 1 4252

or, breaks Its promises?promwes~ 2

(Neither or both) 3

(Don't(Don’t know) 8

b AndUrd the Labour PartyPariy nowadays Is It a partylarty READ OUT b Labour

that would keep Its promises,prom!ses, 1 4253 or, would break Its promises 2 (Neither or both) 3 (Don't(Don’tknow) 8 la7a Do)0 you think that John Major IS doingdOing a good job or ai bad jobJob as PnmePr!me Minister,Mmwter, or neither?ne!ther~ IF GOODIBAD GOOD/BAD Iss that veryvey goodlbadgoodhad or Iarlyfairly good/bad?good/bad7 RECORD3ECORDIN COLUMN a BELOW

b And$nddo you think that Tony BlalrBlaw would do a good jobJob or aI bad Joblob as Prime MInister,Mmwter, or neither? IF GOOD/BAD Iss that very good/bad or fairly goodlbad?goodhad? RECORDIECORDIN COLUMN b BELOW

c And+nd do you think that Paddy Ashdown would do a good job or)r abad Jobjob as Prime Minister,Mm!ster, or neither?nelther7 IF GOOD/BAD a b c Iss that very good/bad or fairly good/bad?good/bad~ John Tony Paddy RECORD?ECORDIN COLUMN cC BELOW MalorMajor BlalrBlew AshdownAahdown

4254 4255 4256 Very good1 1 1 Fairly good 2 2 2 Neither good nor bad 3 3 3 FairlyFarly bad 4 4 4 Very bad 5 5 5 (Don't(Don’tknow) B8 BB8 8

Ba8a Looking.ookmg back over the last year or so, would you say thathat Britain'sBrtam’s economy has got stronger,strongar, got weaker or)r has stayed about thathe same? IFF GOT STRONGER OR WEAKER By a lot or a little?Ilttle?

Got a lot stronger 1 4257 Got a Iitllehttle stronger 2 Stayed about the same 3

Got a littlehttle weaker 4

Got a lot weaker 5

(Don't(Don’tknow) 8 44 OFFICE USE ONLY

Bb8b AndAnd lookingIookmg forwardforward toto thethe yearyear ahead,ahead, dodo youyou thinkthinkBntaln's Bntam’e economyeconomy willWIIIgetget stronger,stronger, getget weakerweakeror or staystay aboutabout thethe same?same? IFIFGET GETSTRONGER STRONGER OROR WEAKERWEAKER ByBy aa lotlot oror aa IInle?ltlle~

GetGet aa lotlot strongerstronger 1I 4258

GetGet aa IInlehttle strongerstronger 22

StayStay aboutabout thethe samesame 33

GetGet aa IInleMtleweaker waaker 44 GetGet aa lotlot weakerweaker 55

(Don't(Don’tknow) know) B8

cc LookIngLooking backback overover thethe lastlastyear yearor or so,so, wouldwould youyou saysayyour your household'shousehold’s Incomeincome hashas fallenfallen behindbehind pnces,prices, keptkept upup withwithpnces pricesor or gonegoneup up byby moremore thanthan pnces?pnces~ IFIF FALLENFALLEN BEHINDBEHIND OROR GONEGONEUP UP ByBy aa lotlot oror aa IInle?Ittla?

FallenFallen behindbehind pncesprices aa lotlot 11 4259

Fallen behind pncesprices a IIt11ehttle 2

Kept up Withwith pncespncee 3 Gone up by a littleMtlemore thanthan pncesprices 4

Gone up by a lotlot more than pncesprices 5

(Don't(Don’tknow) B8

d And lookingIooklng at the year ahead, do you expect your household'shousehold’s Incomeincome WIII~vllI fall behind prices, keep up Withwithpnces pricesor goup by more than pnces?pnces~ IF FALL BEHIND OR GO UP ByaBy a lot or a little?httle~

Fall behind pncesprices a lot 1 4260

Fall behind pricespnces a little 2

Keep up withWith pricespnces 3

Go up by a httleIIt11e more than pricespnces 4 Go up by a lotlot more thanthan pricespnces 5

(Don’t(Don't know) 8B

99 WhichWhich party dodo youyou thinkthink WIIIWill formform thethe government, after thethe next general electlonvelection?

PLEASE DO NOT READ OUTOUT ConsewatweConservative Party 1 4261 CODE ONE ONLYONLY Labour Party 22

I LiberalLiberal DemocratsDemocrats 33 MoreMore thanthan oneone parfy/aparty/a coahtloncoalition 44 (PLEASE(PLEASE SAYSAY WHICHWHICH PARTIES)PARTIES)

(Don’t(Don't know)know) 8B .—

5 OFFICEFFICE USEUSE ONLY)NLY

110aOa Mayay IIjustJust check,check, whatwhat waswas youryourageage lastlast blrlhday?birthday? WRITEWRITE ININ mCD 4262·63262.63

bb Maylay IIlustJust checkcheck youryour addreasaddress again,again, 10to makemake suresure wewe havehave gotot ItIt rlght~nght?

WRITE/RITE ININ ADDRESSADDRESS ANDAND POSTCODEPOSTCODE ASKSK FORFOR POSTCODEPOSTCODE IFIF ITIT ISIS NOTNOT GIVENGIVEN

POSTCODE

11 INTERVIEWER4TERVIEWER PLEASE RECORD

a Datelate of interviewmterwew PLEASE WRITE IN m~19961’” 4264·671264.67

b Time‘ime Interwewcompletedinterview completed PLEASE WRITE IN UITI 4268!268 71

Cc Lengthength of Interviewmtervew PLEASE WRITE ININ CDu- Minutes“’’”’es 42/273$2/2 73

d Interviewer7tervlewer namename InterviewerIntefv!ewer NoNo IIIIJD 427477427477

SPARESPARE 4276·804278.S0 ~T –38d8-3 Bd B CREST CENTRECEIWXEFORFOR RESEARCHRFSEARCH INfO~ELRCI’IONSELECIlONS AND SOCIAL’TRFIWXSOCIAL TRENDS An ESRC ReseardJRfxarch CentreCame 35 Nomian@”NonhamplOn squareSquare at London I?CIVECIV OAX SocialSccial and Community Planning-gResearch Research&& NuffieldNuflield College OxfadWool TelTelephone:epboriei 0171.25018660171-250 1866 BRITISH ELECTION PANEL STUDY P.1611 OCTOBER 1996 SURVEY October 1996

Please answer the questions by placing a tick (/)("f) in one or more of the boxes.

1. Please say whether you areare...... (/)(01) ❑ ...... male.male, o 44: or female o❑

SPAsp~ 2a. Many people lean toward a particular party for a long time 422,!223 although they may occasionally vote for a different party. How about you? Do you in general lean toward a particular party? If so, which? / PLEASE TICK ONE BOX ONLONLYY Conservative LJ&l 423C$230 Labour Q Liberal Democrats Q PLEASE Scottish National Party Q ANSWER b. BELOW Plaid Cymru Q❑

Green Parlyy Q Other party (PLEASE SAY WHICH), G_re_e_n_p_a_rt_ Other party (PLEASE SAY WHICH) B; )} Do not lean towards any party Q~+ -> PLEASE GO TO 3a.

b. Taken altogether, do you lean toward this particular party,..

PLEASE TICK ONE BOX ONLY vey strongly 4

fairly strongly

or, not very strongly? SPA 4233

EVERYONE PLEASE ANSWER 3. If there were a general election tomorrow, which political party do you think you would be most likely to support? (/) PLEASE TICK ONE BOX ONLY Conservative Q 4242 Labour Q

Liberal Democrats ❑ Scottish National Party m Plaid Cymru Eii Green Party EJ Other party (PLEASE SAY WHICH) Q 22

4.4. OnOnthethewhole,whole,wouldwouldyouyoudescribedescribe each~ ofofthethemainmainpartiesparties asasextremeextremeor ormoderatemoderate nowadays?nowadays? PLEASEPLEASE GIVEGIVEANANANSWER ANS WERFORFOREACHEACHOF OFTHETHEPARTIES.PARTIES, ANSWERANSWER d.d. ONLY IF IN 1 ONLY IF IN SCOTLAND:SCOTLAND: a.a. c.c. I d.d. Conservative Conservative b.b. LiberalLiberal ]ScottishScottish NationalNationa Party Party LabourLabour PartyPerty DemocratsDemocrats PartyParty (4244)(4244) (4245)(4245) (4246)(4246) (4247)(4247) Extreme Extreme •1 0 0•1 0c1 0c1 ModerateModerate ❑ 0 0R 0❑ 0❑ OtherOther answeranswer (PLEASE(PLEASE WRITEWRITE IN)IN) I

5.5. AndAnd wouldwould youyou describedescribe each~ ofof thethe mainmain partiesparties asas unitedunited oror divideddivided nowadays?nowadays? PLEASE GIVE AN ANSWER FOR EACH OF THE PARTIES. PLEASE GIVE AN ANSWER FOR EACH OF THE PARTIES. ANSWER d. ONLYIFINONLY IF IN SCOTLAND:

a.a. c. d. Conservative Conservative b. Liberal Scottish National Party Party Labour Party Democrats Party

(4248)(4248) (4249) (4250) (4251)(4251) United 0m 0m IIJ0 m0 Divided ❑ ❑ 0 0G1 0L2 0 Other answer (PLEASEOtheranswerLWRITE IN)

6a,6a. And would you describe thethe Conservative PartyPartv nowadays as aa partyparty ... ConservativeConservative PLEASE TICKTICK ONEONE BOXBOXONLYONL Y (,I)

... thatthatkeepskeeps itsIts promises,promises, ~0 42524252 or,or, breaksbreaksitsits promises?promises? ~0 NeitherNeither ororbothboth ❑0 Can’tCan'tchoosechoose ❑D

b. And the Labour Party nowadays. b. And the Labour Party nowadays. IsIs ititaaparty.,.party... LabourLabour PLEASE TICK ONE BOX ONLY PLEASE TICK ONE BOX ONL Y (/)(.I)

...thatthatwouldwouldkeepkeepitsits promises,promises, u0 42534253 or,or,wouldwouldbreakbreakitsits promises?promises? D0 NeitherNeither ororbothboth ❑0 Can’tCan'tchoosechoose❑D 3

7a. How good or bad a job do you think that John Major ~is doing as Prime Minister? PLEASE TICK ONE BOX IN COLUMN a. a. b. c. John Tony Paddy b. And how good or bad a job do you think that b. And how good or bad a job do you think that Major Blair AshdownAahdown TonyBlair-dossTony Blair would do as Prime Minister? 4254 4255 4256 PLEASE TICK ONE BOX IN COLUMN b. m — — Very good ❑ c. And how good or bad a job do you think that 0u 0u 0 PaddyPaddyAahdown-dossAshdown would do as Prime Minister? Fairly good 0❑ 0❑ ❑ Minister? 0 , PLEASE TICK ONE BOX IN COLUMN c.C, Neither good nor bad 0•~n 0 0m I Fairly bad DD❑ ❑ DL! Very bad 0❑ 0❑ 0cl

8a. Looking back over thelast~earthe last year or so, would you say that Britain'sBritain’s economy has got stronger, got weaker or has stayed about the same? (.I)(/)

PLEASE TICK ONE BOX ONLONLYY Got a lot stronger 0; 4 Got a little stronger 0~ Stayed about the same 0~

Got a little weaker D~ Got a lot weaker 0~

b. And looking forward to the ~year ahead, do you think Britain'sBritain’s economy will get stronger, get weaker or stay about the same? (.I)(/)

PLEASE TICK ONE BOX ONLONLYY Get a lot stronger 0❑ 4 Get a little stronger 0❑ Stay about the same 0~ Get a little weaker D~ Get a lot weaker 0~

c. Looking back over the last vearyear or so, would you say your household'shousehold’s income has fallen behind prices, kept up with prices or gone up by more than prices? (.I)(/)

PLEASE TICK ONE BOX ONLONLYY Fallen behind prices a lot 0❑ 4 Fallen behind prices a little ❑ 0— Kept up with prices 0~ Gone up by a little more than prices D~ Gone up by a lot more than prices 0~ 44

8d.Bd. AndAnd lookinglooking atat thethe yearyear ahead,ahead, dodo youyou expectexpect youryour household’shousehold's incomeincome willwill fallfall behindbehind prices,prices, keepkeep upup withwith pricesprices oror gogo upup byby moremore thanthan prices?prices? (.....) PLEASEPLEASE TICKTICK ONEONEBOXBOX ONLYONL Y FallFall behindbehind pricesprices aa lotlot o 44 FallFall behindbehind pricesprices aa littlelittle o KeepKeep upup withwith pricesprices o GoGo upup byby aa littlelittle moremore thanthan pricesprices D GoGo upup byby aa lotlot moremore thanthan pricesprices o

9. Which parlydoparty do youthinkyou think willwill formform thethe government, after thethe next general election? (/)(.....) PLEASE TICK ONE BOX ONLYONLY Conservative Party ZIIo 44 Labour Party ❑n Liberal Democrats ‘uo More thanthan one party/a coalition au (PLEASE SAY WHICH PARTIES)

Don’tDon't know LC

10a.10a. What was your age lastlast birthday? PLEASE WRITE IN CD 426:$26

b. And on what date did you fill inin the questionnaire? PLEASEpLEASEWRITEINWRITE IN IT]~ CD~ 1996 426$26

ThankThank youyou veryvery muchmuch forfor youryour help.help. PleasePlease returnreturn thethe questionnairequestionnaire inin thethe envelopeenvelope provided.provided.

SfSP 421426 CREST CENTRE FOR RESEARCH INTO ELECTIONS AND SOCIAL TRENDS An ESRC Research Centre 35 Northampton Square at London EC1V 0AX Social and Community Planning Research & Nuffield College Oxford Telephone: 0171-250 1866

P.1653 Spring 1997

BRITISH ELECTION PANEL STUDY - I

SPRING 1997 SURVEY

4401-04 4405-06 4407 Serial 44 Number Card Field area

4408-10 4411-14 Sampling Time interview Point started 24 hr clock

4415-18 Interview Number

SPARE 4419-21 1

ASK ALL 1. Would you say you cared a good deal which party won the recent general election or that you didn't care very much which party won?

Cared a good deal 1 4422 Didn't care very much 2 2a. Do you regularly read one or more daily morning newspapers? Yes 1 ASK b. 4423 No 2 GO TO Q3. IF YES AT a. b. Which daily morning newspaper do you read most often? CODE ONE ONLY

The Express 01 4424-25 (Scottish) Daily Mail 02 The (Scottish) Mirror/Daily Record 03 Daily Star (of Scotland) 04 The Sun 05 Daily Telegraph 07 Financial Times 08 The Guardian 09 The Independent 10 The Times 11 The Scotsman 12 The (Glasgow) Herald 13 (Aberdeen) Press and Journal 14 Other Scottish/Welsh/regional or local daily morning paper (WRITE IN) ______15 Other (WRITE IN) ______16

ASK ALL WHO READ ANY NEWSPAPER c. About how often do you read ______(NEWSPAPER READ MOST OFTEN)? Every day 1 4426 4 or 5 days a week 2 2 or 3 days a week 3 1 day a week or less often 4

d. Which political party do you think ______( NEWSPAPER READ MOST OFTEN) favoured in this election, or did it not favour any one political party?

CODE ONE ONLY Did not favour a political party 0 4427 Favoured the Conservative Party 1 Favoured the Labour Party 2 Favoured the Liberal Democrats 3 Favoured the SNP/Plaid Cymru 4 Favoured another party 7 Don't know 8 2

ASK ALL 3. How much interest do you generally have in what is going on in politics ... READ OUT ...

... a great deal, 1 4428 quite a lot, 2 some, 3 not very much, 4 or, none at all? 5 (Don't know) 8

4. INTERVIEWER: WRITE IN SERIAL NO. IF IT IS EVEN 1 ASK Q.5 4429 IF IT IS ODD 2 GO TO Q.6

EVEN SERIAL NUMBERS 5a. Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as Conservative , Labour, Liberal Democrat, (IF SCOTLAND: Nationalist/IF WALES: Plaid Cymru), or what? CODE ONE ONLY IN COLUMN a. IF NONE/DON'T KNOW (CODE 00 OR 98) AT a. b. Do you generally think of yourself as a little closer to one of the parties than the others? a. b. IF YES: Which party? 4430-31 4432-33

CODE ONE ONLY IN COLUMN b. Conservative 01 01 Labour 02 02 Liberal Democrat 03 03 Scottish National Party 04 GO TO 04 ASK Plaid Cymru 05 c. 05 c. Green Party 06 06 Other (WRITE IN) a.______07 - b.______- 07 None/No 00 ASK 00 GO TO b. Q.6 Don't know 98 ABOVE 98

IF ANY PARTY CODED AT a. OR b. c. Would you call yourself very strong ____ _ (NAME PARTY AT a. OR b.), fairly strong or not very strong? Very strong 1 4434 Fairly strong 2 Not very strong 3 (Don't know) 8

ASK ALL 6a. Talking to people about the general election, we have found that a lot of people didn't manage to vote. How about you - did you manage to vote in the general election? Yes, voted 1 ASK b. 4435 No 2 GO TO Q.9 3

IF `YES, VOTED' AT a. 6b. How long ago did you decide that you would definitely vote the way you did: was it ...... READ OUT ...... a long time ago, 1 4436 sometime last year, 2 sometime this year, 3 or, during the election campaign? 4 (Don't know) 8 7a. Which party did you vote for in the general election? DO NOT PROMPT. CODE ONE IN COLUMN a. BELOW.

ASK ALL (EXCEPT IF CODED 97 OR 98 AT a.: THEY GO TO Q.8) b. Was there any time during the general election campaign when you seriously thought you might vote for another party? Yes 1 4437 No 2 c. If the voting paper had required you to give two votes, in order of preference, which party would you have put as your second choice? DO NOT PROMPT a. c. Voted Second CODE ONE IN COLUMN c. for Choice 4438-39 4440-41 Conservative 01 01 Labour 02 02 Liberal Democrat 03 03 Scottish National Party 04 ASK b. 04 Plaid Cymru 05 05 Green Party 06 06 Other (WRITE IN) a. ______07 - c. ______- 07 Refused to disclose voting 97 GO TO Q.8 None - 00 Can’t remember/don’t know 98 GO TO 98 Q.8 SPARE 4442-50 IF `YES, VOTED' (CODE 1 AT Q6a.) CARD A 8a. Which one of the reasons on this card comes closest to the main reason you voted for the party you chose? I always vote that way 1 4451 GO TO Q.9 I thought it was the best party 2 I really preferred another party but it had no chance of winning in this constituency 3 ASK b. Other (WRITE IN)______4 ______GO TO Q.9 (None of these/Don't know) 8 4

IF CODE 3 AT a. 8b. Which was the party you really preferred?

ONE CODE ONLY Conservative 01 4452-53 DO NOT PROMPT Labour 02 Liberal Democrat 03 Scottish National Party 04 Plaid Cymru 05 Green Party 06 Other (WRITE IN) ______07 Refused 97 Don't know 98

ASK ALL 9. Some people say that we should change the voting system to allow smaller political parties to get a fairer share of MPs. Others say that we should keep the voting system as it is to produce effective government. Which view comes closer to your own … READ OUT … IF ASKED. THIS REFERS TO PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION ... that we should change the voting system, 1 4454 or, keep it as it is? 2 (Don't know) 8

10. INTERVIEWER: WRITE IN SERIAL NO. IF IT IS EVEN 1 GO TO Q.12 4455

IF IT IS ODD 2 ASK Q.11a

ODD SERIAL NUMBERS 11a. Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as Conservative , Labour, Liberal Democrat, (IF SCOTLAND: Nationalist/IF WALES: Plaid Cymru), or what? CODE ONE ONLY IN COLUMN a. IF NONE/DON'T KNOW (CODE 00 OR 98) AT a. b. Do you generally think of yourself as a little closer to one of the parties than the others? a. b. IF YES: Which party? 4456-57 4458-59

CODE ONE ONLY IN COLUMN b. Conservative 01 01 Labour 02 02 Liberal Democrat 03 03 Scottish National Party 04 GO TO 04 ASK c. Plaid Cymru 05 c. 05 Green Party 06 06 Other (WRITE IN) a.______07 - b.______- 07 None/No 00 ASK 00 GO TO Don't know 98 b. 98 Q.12 5

IF ANY PARTY CODED AT a. OR b. 11c. Would you call yourself very strong ______(NAME PARTY AT a. OR b.), fairly strong or not very strong? Very strong 1 4460 Fairly strong 2 Not very strong 3 Don't know 8

ASK ALL CARD B 12. Please choose a phrase from this card to say how you feel about … READ OUT a.-f. AND Neither CODE ONE FOR EACH in (Don't Strongly favour know/ in In nor Strongly Can't favour favour against Against against say)

a. ... the Conservative Party? 1 2 3 4 5 8 4461

b. ... the Labour Party? 1 2 3 4 5 8 4462

c. ... the Liberal Democrats? 1 2 3 4 5 8 4463

d. ... the Green Party? 1 2 3 4 5 8 4464 IN SCOTLAND ONLY

e. ... the Scottish National Party? 1 2 3 4 5 8 4465 IN WALES ONLY

f. ... Plaid Cymru? 1 2 3 4 5 8 4466

ASK ALL 13a. Generally speaking, do you think of the Liberal Democrats as being closer to the Conservative Party or closer to the Labour Party?

Closer to Conservatives 1 4467 Closer to Labour 2 (No difference/neither) 3 (Don't know) 8

b. Now, considering everything the Conservative and Labour Parties stand for, would you say that ... READ OUT ...

... there is a great difference between them, 1 4468 some difference, 2 or, not much difference? 3 (Don't know) 8 SPARE 4469-80 6

Now for a few questions about the local elections on the 1st of May this year, the same day as the general election. 14. Would you say you cared a great deal which party did best in the recent local council elections or didn't you care very much which party did best?

Cared a good deal 1 4507 Didn't care very much 2 ASK ALL 15a. As far as you know, was there a local election in your neighbourhood on the 1st of May this year?

Yes 1 ASK b. 4508 No 2 GO TO Q.17 Don't know 8

IF YES AT a. b. Thinking back to before the local elections on 1st of May, do you happen to remember which party or parties controlled the county council in your area then?

DO NOT PROMPT Yes: Conservative 01 4509-10 Labour 02 Liberal Democrat 03 Scottish National Party 04 Plaid Cymru 05 Green Party 06 Independents 07 Other single party (WRITE IN) ______08 More than one/no overall control (WRITE IN) ______09 No, don’t know 98 IF LOCAL ELECTION IN NEIGHBOURHOOD ON THE 1ST OF MAY c. A lot of people do not vote in local elections. How about you? Did you vote in the local election on the 1st May, or did you not manage to on this occasion?

Yes, voted 1 ASK d. 4511 No 2 GO TO Q.17 Don't know 8

IF `YES, VOTED' AT c. d. Which party did you vote for? DO NOT PROMPT Conservative 01 4512-13 Labour 02 Liberal Democrat 03 Scottish National party 04 Plaid Cymru 05 ASK Q16 Green Party 06 Independent 07 Other (WRITE IN) ______08 More than one (WRITE IN) ______09 Refused 97 GO TO Q.17 Don't know 98 7

IF NAMED PARTY AT Q15d. 16a. When you were deciding how to vote in the local elections on the 1st of May, did you vote ... READ OUT ... PROBE FOR ONE CODE ONLY ... mostly according to what was 4514 going on in your local area, 1 or, mostly according to what was going on in the country as a whole? 2 (Both equally) 3 Other (WRITE IN) ______7 (Don't know) 8

CARD C b. Which one of the reasons on this card comes closest to the main reason why you voted for the party you chose? I always vote that way 1 4515 GO TO Q.17 I thought it was the best party 2 I really preferred another party but it had no chance of winning in this area 3 ASK c. Other (WRITE IN) ______7 GO TO Q.17 (None of these/Don't know) 8

IF PREFERRED ANOTHER PARTY AT b. c. Which was the party you really preferred? CODE ONE ONLY DO NOT PROMPT Conservative 01 4516-17 Labour 02 Liberal Democrat 03 Scottish National Party 04 Plaid Cymru 05 Green Party 06 Independent 07 Other (WRITE IN) ______08 Refused 97 Don't know 98 8

ASK ALL CARD D 17. Some people say it makes no difference which party wins in elections, things go on much the same. Using this card, please say ...

a. ... How much of a difference do you think it makes who wins in local council elections? CODE ONE IN COLUMN a. a. b. Council General b. ... And how much difference do you think it elections elections makes who wins in general elections? CODE ONE IN COLUMN b. 4518 4519 A great deal 1 1 Quite a lot 2 2 Some 3 3 Not very much 4 4 None at all 5 5 (Don't know) 8 8

18a. Do you think that local councils ought to be controlled by central government more, less or about the same amount as now?

More 1 4520 Less 2 About the same 3 (Don't know) 8

CARD E b. And thinking about the level of the council tax in your area, do you think it gives good value or poor value for money? Please choose a phrase from this card.

Very good value for money 1 4521 Good value 2 Neither good value nor poor value 3 Poor value 4 Very poor value for money 5 (Don't know) 8

CARD F 19. Please use this card to say how much you agree or disagree that ... READ OUT ...... Britain should introduce proportional representation, so that the number of MPs each party gets matches more closely the number of votes each party gets.

Agree strongly 1 4522 Agree 2 Neither agree nor disagree 3 Disagree 4 Disagree strongly 5 (Don't know) 8 9

20a. On the whole, would you describe the Conservative Party nowadays as … SCOTLAND ... READ OUT AND RECORD IN ONLY APPROPRIATE COLUMN a. b. c. d. Conser- b. And the Labour Party nowadays, vative Labour Lib. Dem. SNP is it …READ OUT ... 4523 4524 4525 4526 c. And the Liberal Democrats, are they ... … extreme, 1 1 1 1 READ OUT ... or, moderate? 2 2 2 2 d. IN SCOTLAND ONLY And the Scottish National (Neither or both) 3 3 3 3 Party, is it... READ OUT ... (Don’t know) 8 8 8 8

ASK ALL 21a. And would you describe the Conservative Party nowadays as … SCOTLAND ... READ OUT AND RECORD IN ONLY APPROPRIATE COLUMN a. b. c. d. Conser- b. And the Labour Party nowadays, vative Labour Lib. Dem. SNP is it …READ OUT ... 4527 4528 4529 4530 c. And the Liberal Democrats, are they ... … united, 1 1 1 1 READ OUT ... or, divided? 2 2 2 2 d. IN SCOTLAND ONLY And the Scottish National (Neither or both) 3 3 3 3 Party, is it... READ OUT ... (Don’t know) 8 8 8 8

ASK ALL 22a. On the whole, would you describe the Conservative Party nowadays as … SCOTLAND ... READ OUT AND RECORD IN ONLY APPROPRIATE COLUMN a. b. c. d. Conser- b. And the Labour Party nowadays, vative Labour Lib. Dem. SNP is it … READ OUT ... 4531 4532 4533 4534 c. And the Liberal Democrats, are they ... … good for one class,, 1 1 1 1 READ OUT ... or, good for all classes? 2 2 2 2 d. IN SCOTLAND ONLY And the Scottish National (Neither or both) 3 3 3 3 Party, is it... READ OUT ... (Don’t know) 8 8 8 8 10

RECORD IN APPROPRIATE COLUMN ASK ALL 23a. And on the whole, would you describe the Conservative Party nowadays as … SCOTLAND ... READ OUT AND RECORD IN ONLY APPROPRIATE COLUMN a. b. c. d. Conser- b. And the Labour Party nowadays, vative Labour Lib. Dem. SNP is it … READ OUT ... 4535 4536 4537 4538 c. And the Liberal Democrats, are they ... … capable of being a strong READ OUT ... government, 1 1 1 1

d. IN SCOTLAND ONLY or, not capable of being And the Scottish National a strong government? 2 2 2 2 Party, is it... READ OUT ... (Neither or both) 3 3 3 3

(Don’t know) 8 8 8 8

ASK ALL 24a. And on the whole, would you describe the Conservative Party nowadays as a party that … SCOTLAND ... READ OUT AND RECORD IN ONLY APPROPRIATE COLUMN a. b. c. d. Conser- b. And the Labour Party nowadays, vative Labour Lib. Dem. SNP is it a party that … READ OUT ... 4539 4540 4541 4542 c. And the Liberal Democrats, are they a party that … … keep its promises, 1 1 1 1 READ OUT ... or, breaks its promises? 2 2 2 2 d. IN SCOTLAND ONLY And the Scottish National (Neither or both) 3 3 3 3 Party, is it a party that … READ OUT ... (Don’t know) 8 8 8 8

SPARE 4543-50

ASK ALL 25. Now some similar questions, but this time a. b. c. about some of the main party leaders John Tony Paddy Major Blair Ashdown a. Would you describe John Major 4551 4552 4553 as ... READ OUT AND RECORD IN APPROPRIATE COLUMN … extreme, 1 1 1

b. And Tony Blair, would you or, moderate? 2 2 2 describe him as … READ OUT … (Neither or both) 3 3 3 c. And Paddy Ashdown, would you describe him as … READ OUT … (Don’t know) 8 8 8 11

26a. And on the whole would you say a. b. c. John Major … READ OUT … John Tony Paddy Major Blair Ashdown b. And Tony Blair, would you 4554 4555 4556 describe him as ... READ OUT … looks after one class, 1 1 1 c. And Paddy Ashdown, would you describe him as ... READ OUT ... or, looks after all classes? 2 2 2

(Neither or both) 3 3 3

(Don’t know) 8 8 8

27a. And would you describe John Major a. b. c. as … READ OUT AND RECORD John Tony Paddy IN APPROPRIATE COLUMN … Major Blair Ashdown

b. And Tony Blair, would you 4557 4558 4559 describe him as ... READ OUT … capable of being a strong leader, 1 1 1 c. And Paddy Ashdown, would you describe him as ... READ OUT ... or, not capable of being a strong leader? 2 2 2

(Neither or both) 3 3 3

(Don’t know) 8 8 8

28a. And on the whole would you describe John Major a. b. c. as a man who … READ OUT AND RECORD John Tony Paddy IN APPROPRIATE COLUMN … Major Blair Ashdown

b. And Tony Blair, would you describe 4560 4561 4562 him as a man who ... READ OUT … keeps his promises, 1 1 1 c. And Paddy Ashdown, would you describe him as a man who ... READ OUT ... or, breaks his promises? 2 2 2

(Neither or both) 3 3 3

(Don’t know) 8 8 8

ASK ALL CARD G 29. Since the last general election in April 1992, would y ou say that unemployment has increased or fallen? Please choose a phrase from the card. REPEAT FOR ITEMS b.-i BELOW Stayed Increased Increased the Fallen Fallen (Don’t a lot a little same a little a lot know)

a. … (unemployment) 1 2 3 4 5 8 4563

b. The rate of inflation? 1 2 3 4 5 8 4564

c. Taxes? 1 2 3 4 5 8 4565 d. The standard of the health service? 1 2 3 4 5 8 4566

e. Crime? 1 2 3 4 5 8 4567

f. The quality of education? 1 2 3 4 5 8 4568

g. Interest rates? 1 2 3 4 5 8 4569

h. Your own standard of living? 1 2 3 4 5 8 4570

i. The general standard of living? 1 2 3 4 5 8 4571 12

Now, a few questions about the European Union, sometimes still called the European Community.

30. Do you think Britain should continue to be a member of the European Union or should it withdraw? Continue 1 4572 Withdraw 2 SPARE CARD H 4573-80 31a. Do you think Britain's long-term policy should be ... READ OUT ...

ONE CODE ONLY ... to leave the European Un ion, 1 4607 to stay in the EU and try to reduce the EU's powers, 2 to leave things as they are, 3 to stay in the EU and try to increase the EU's powers, 4 or, to work for the formation of a single European government? 5 (Don't know) 8

CARD I b. And here are three statements about the future of the pound in the European Union. Which one comes closest to your view? ONE CODE ONLY

Replace the pound by a single currency 1 4608 Use both the pound and a new European currency in Britain 2 Keep the pound as the only currency for Britain 3 (Don't know) 8 13

Unemployment and Inflation SHOW BOOKLET, PAGE 1. HAND RESPONDENT A PEN OR PENCIL

32. Please look at this page. Some people feel that getting people back to work should be the government's top priority. These people would put themselves in Box A. (POINT) Other people feel that keeping prices down should be the government's top priority. These people would put themselves in Box K. (POINT) And other people have views somewhere in-between, along here (POINT LEFT A-F) or along here (POINT RIGHT K-F) a. In the first row of boxes, please tick whichever box comes closest to your own views about unemployment and inflation. f . CODING: RING ONE IN EACH COLUMN SCOTLAND Now where do you think the a. b. c. d. ONLY Conservative and Labour parties Own Conser- Liberal e. stand: views vative Labour Democrat SNP 4609-10 4611-12 4613-14 4615-16 4617-18 b. First the Conservative Party. In A = 01 01 01 01 = A = 01 the next row of boxes, please tick whichever box you think B = 02 02 02 02 = B = 02 comes closest to the views of the Conservative Party? C = 03 03 03 03 = C = 03

c. Now in the next row please tick D = 04 04 04 04 = D = 04 whichever box you think comes closest to the views of the Labour E = 05 05 05 05 = E = 05 Party? F = 06 06 06 06 = F = 06

d. And now, please tick whichever G = 07 07 07 07 = G = 07 box you think comes closest to the views of the Liberal H = 08 08 08 08 = H = 08 Democrats? I = 09 09 09 09 = I = 09 IN SCOTLAND ONLY e. Now tick whichever box you J = 10 10 10 10 = J = 10 think comes closest to the views of the Scottish National K = 11 11 11 11 = K = 11 Party?

ASK ALL Left of A = 12 12 12 12 = Left of A = 12 f. Now please tell me the letters of the boxes you Right of K = 13 13 13 13 = Right of K = 13 ticked in each row, starting Don’t Don’t with the first row? know = 98 98 98 98 = know = 98

RING CODES IN GRID AS APPROPRIATE. NOW ASK g.

g. When you were deciding about voting, how important was this issue to you? Was it ... READ OUT ... 4619 ... extremely important, 1 important, 2 not very important, 3 or, not at all important? 4 (Don't know/Did not vote) 8 14

Taxation and Government Services SHOW BOOKLET PAGE 2 33. Please look at this page. Some people feel that government should put up taxes a lot and spend much more on health and social services. These people would put themselves in Box A. (POINT) Other people feel that government should cut taxes a lot and spend much less on health and social services. These people would put themselves in Box K. (POINT) And other people have views somewhere in-between, along here (POINT LEFT A-F) or along here (POINT RIGHT K-F) a. In the first row of boxes, please tick whichever box comes closest to your own views about taxes and government spending. f. CODING: RING ONE IN EACH COLUMN SCOTLAND Now where do you think the a. b. c. d. ONLY Conservative and Labour parties Own Conser- Liberal e. stand: views vative Labour Democrat SNP 4620-21 4622-23 4624-25 4626-27 4628-29 b. First the Conservative Party. In A = 01 01 01 01 = A = 01 the next row of boxes, please tick whichever box you think B = 02 02 02 02 = B = 02 comes closest to the views of the Conservative Party? C = 03 03 03 03 = C = 03

c. Now in the next row please tick D = 04 04 04 04 = D = 04 whichever box you think comes closest to the views of the Labour E = 05 05 05 05 = E = 05 Party? F = 06 06 06 06 = F = 06

g. When you were deciding about voting, how important was this issue to you? Was it ... READ OUT ... 4630 ... extremely important, 1 important, 2 not very important, 3 or, not at all important? 4 (Don't know/Did not vote) 8 15

Nationalisation and Privatisation SHOW BOOKLET PAGE 3 34. Please look at this page. Some people feel that government should nationalise many more private companies. These people would put themselves in Box A. (POINT) Other people feel that government should sell off many more nationalised industries . These people would put themselves in Box K. (POINT) And other people have views somewhere in-between, along here (POINT LEFT A-F) or along here (POINT RIGHT K-F) a. In the first row of boxes, please tick whichever box comes closest to your own views about nationalisation and privatisation. f. CODING: RING ONE IN EACH COLUMN SCOTLAND Now where do you think the a. b. c. d. ONLY Conservative and Labour parties Own Conser- Liberal e. stand: views vative Labour Democrat SNP 4631-32 4633-34 4635-36 4637-38 4639-40 b. First the Conservative Party. In A = 01 01 01 01 = A = 01 the next row of boxes, please tick whichever box you think B = 02 02 02 02 = B = 02 comes closest to the views of the Conservative Party? C = 03 03 03 03 = C = 03

c. Now in the next row please tick D = 04 04 04 04 = D = 04 whichever box you think comes closest to the views of the Labour E = 05 05 05 05 = E = 05 Party? F = 06 06 06 06 = F = 06

g. When you were deciding about voting, how important was this issue to you? Was it ... READ OUT ... 4641 ... extremely important, 1 important, 2 not very important, 3 or, not at all important? 4 (Don’t know/did not vote) 8 16

Redistribution SHOW BOOKLET PAGE 4 35. Please look at this page. Some people feel that government should make much greater efforts to make people’s incomes more equal. These people would put themselves in Box A. (POINT) Other people feel that government should be much less concerned about how equal people’s incomes are. These people would put themselves in Box K. (POINT) And other people have views somewhere in-between, along here (POINT LEFT A-F) or along here (POINT RIGHT K-F) a. In the first row of boxes, please tick whichever box comes closest to your own views about redistributing income. f . CODING: RING ONE IN EACH COLUMN SCOTLAND Now where do you think the a. b. c. d. ONLY Conservative and Labour parties Own Conser- Liberal e. stand: views vative Labour Democrat SNP 4642-43 4644-45 4646-47 4648-49 4650-51 b. First the Conservative Party. In A = 01 01 01 01 = A = 01 the next row of boxes, please tick whichever box you think B = 02 02 02 02 = B = 02 comes closest to the views of the Conservative Party? C = 03 03 03 03 = C = 03

c. Now in the next row please tick D = 04 04 04 04 = D = 04 whichever box you think comes closest to the views of the Labour E = 05 05 05 05 = E = 05 Party? F = 06 06 06 06 = F = 06

g. When you were deciding about voting, how important was this issue to you? Was it ... READ OUT ... 4652 ... extremely important, 1 important, 2 not very important, 3 or, not at all important? 4 (Don’t know/Did not vote) 8 17

European Union SHOW BOOKLET PAGE 5 36. Please look at this page. Some people feel that government should do all it can to unite fully with the European Union. These people would put themselves in Box A. (POINT) Other people feel that government should do all it can to protect its independence from the European Union. These people would put themselves in Box K. (POINT) And other people have views somewhere in-between, along here (POINT LEFT A-F) or along here (POINT RIGHT K-F) a. In the first row of boxes, please tick whichever box comes closest to your own views about the European Union. f . CODING: RING ONE IN EACH COLUMN SCOTLAND Now where do you think the a. b. c. d. ONLY Conservative and Labour parties Own Conser- Liberal e. stand: views vative Labour Democrat SNP 4653-54 4655-56 4657-58 4659-60 4661-62 b. First the Conservative Party. In A = 01 01 01 01 = A = 01 the next row of boxes, please tick whichever box you think B = 02 02 02 02 = B = 02 comes closest to the views of the Conservative Party? C = 03 03 03 03 = C = 03

c. Now in the next row please tick D = 04 04 04 04 = D = 04 whichever box you think comes closest to the views of the Labour E = 05 05 05 05 = E = 05 Party? F = 06 06 06 06 = F = 06

g. When you were deciding about voting, how important was this issue to you? Was it ... READ OUT ... 4663 ... extremely important, 1 important, 2 not very important, 3 or, not at all important? 4 (Don’t know/Did not vote) 8 18

CARD J 37. Using this card, please say whether you agree or disagree with each of these statements, or say if you are not sure either way. ... READ OUT a-c AND CODE ONE FOR EACH Not sure Strongly either Dis- Strongly (Don’t agree Agree way agree disagree know) a. … If you want to cut crime, cut unemployment? 1 2 3 4 5 8 4664 b. … Britain should bring back the death penalty? 1 2 3 4 5 8 4665 c. … People who break the law should be given stiffer sentences? 1 2 3 4 5 8 4666

38a. Has your household been burgled since the time of the last general election in April 1992? IF YES: Once or more than once?

Yes, once 1 4667 Yes, more than once 2 No 3

b. Have you or anyone in your household been made redundant from any jobs, or been unemployed for over three months, since the time of the last general election in April 1992? PROBE FOR CORRECT PRECODE Yes, self only 1 4668 Yes, other household member only 2 Yes, both self and other 3 No 4

INTERVIEWER: NOW ENTER THE SERIAL NUMBER ON THE SELF-COMPLETION QUESTIONNAIRE ...... AND HAND IT TO THE RESPONDENT WITH A PEN OR PENCIL 39a. The next set of questions, which are in this short questionnaire, will probably be easier to answer if you read them. All of them can be answered just by ticking a box. If you don't have an opinion on a particular question, just tick the `Can't choose' box or the ‘Neither’ box in the middle. [ADD ONLY IF NECESSARY: The answers you give, like all the others, will be confi dential. All we put on this questionnaire is a number so that we can link it with the interview questionnaire.] If you need any help, do please ask. I will just be doing some paperwork while you fill in the questionnaire. ***** WHEN RESPONDENT HAS FINISHED, TAKE BACK THE SELF-COMPLETION QUESTIONNAIRE ...... AND CHECK THAT EVERY QUESTION HAS BEEN ANSWERED ... AND CODE: b. Self-completion questionnaire completed and serial numbered - and no help given 1 4669 - and help given 2 Not completed (WRITE IN REASON) ______3 19

40a. Looking back over the last year or so, would you say that Britain's economy has got stronger, got weaker or has stayed about the same? IF GOT STRONGER OR WEAKER: By a lot or a little?

Got a lot stronger 1 4670 Got a little stronger 2 Stayed about the same 3 Got a little weaker 4 Got a lot weaker 5 (Don't know) 8

b. And looking forward to the year ahead, do you think Britain's economy will get stronger, get weaker or stay about the same? IF GET STRONGER OR WEAKER: By a lot or a little?

Get a lot stronger 1 4671 Get a little stronger 2 Stay about the same 3 Get a little weaker 4 Get a lot weaker 5 (Don't know) 8

41a. Looking back over the last year or so, would you say your household's income has fallen behind prices, kept up with prices or gone up by more than prices? IF FALLEN BEHIND OR GONE UP: By a lot or a little?

Fallen behind prices a lot 1 4672 Fallen behind prices a little 2 Kept up with prices 3 Gone up by a little more than prices 4 Gone up by a lot more than prices 5 (Don't know) 8 b. And looking at the year ahead, do you expect your household's income will fall behind prices, keep up with prices or go up by more than prices? IF FALL BEHIND OR GO UP: By a lot or a little?

Fall behind prices a lot 1 4673 Fall behind prices a little 2 Keep up with prices 3 Go up by a little more than prices 4 Go up by a lot more than prices 5 (Don't know) 8 20

ASK a. IN SCOTLAND AND ENGLAND ONLY IN WALES, GO TO b. CARD K 42a. An issue in Scotland is the question of an elected Assembly - a special parliament for Scotland dealing with Scottish affairs. Which of these statements comes closest to your view ...READ OUT...... Scotland should become independent, separate from the UK and the European Union, 01 4674-75 Scotland should become independent, separate from the UK but part of the European Union, 02 Scotland should remain part of the UK but with its own elected Assembly that has some taxation and GO TO Q.43 spending powers, 03 or, there should be no change from the present system? 04 Other (WRITE IN) ______05 (Don't know) 98

ASK IN WALES ONLY CARD L b. An issue in Wales is the question of an elected Assembly - a special parliament for Wales dealing with Welsh affairs. Which of these statements comes closest to your view ... READ OUT ...... Wales should become independent, separate from the UK and the European Union, 01 4676-77 Wales should become independent, separate from the UK but part of the European Union, 02 Wales should remain part of the UK but with its own elected Assembly that has some taxation and spending powers, 03 or, there should be no change from the present system? 04 Other (WRITE IN) ______05 (Don't know) 98

ASK ALL 43. Do you consider yourself to be British, Scottish , English, Irish, Welsh or something else?

British 01 4678-79 Scottish 02 English 03 Irish 04 Welsh 05 Something else (WRITE IN)______06

44a. INTERVIEWER CODE: INTERVIEWING IN

SCOTLAND 1 ASK b.-e. 4680 ENGLAND/WALES 2 GO TO Q.45 21

IN SCOTLAND ONLY CARD K AGAIN 44b. Which of these statements, do you think, comes closest to the view of the Conservative Party? CODE ONE IN COLUMN a.

c. Which statement, do you think, comes closest to the view of the Labour Party? CODE ONE IN COLUMN b.

d. Which statement, do you think, comes closest to the view of the Liberal Democrats? CODE ONE IN COLUMN c.

e. Which statement, do you think, comes closest to the view of the Scottish National Party? CODE ONE IN COLUMN d.

b. c. d. e. Conservative Labour Lib.Dem. SNP 4707-08 4709-10 4711-12 4713-14 Scotland should become independent, separate from the UK and the European Union 01 01 01 01 Scotland should become independent, separate from the UK but part of the European Union 02 02 02 02 Scotland should remain part of the UK but with its own elected Assembly that has some taxation and spending powers 03 03 03 03 There should be no change from the present system 04 04 04 04 Other (WRITE IN) ______05 05 05 05 ______(Don't know) 98 98 98 98

ASK ALL 45a. Compared with two or three years ago, do you and your household nowadays generally feel more secure or less secure against crime, or do you not feel any different? IF MORE OR LESS: A lot or a little? A lot more secure 1 4715 A little more secure 2 No difference 3 A little less secure 4 A lot less secure 5

b. And compared with two or three years ago, do you and your household nowadays generally feel more confident or less confident about being able to keep or find a job, or do you not feel any different? IF MORE OR LESS: A lot or a little? A lot more confident 1 4716 A little more confident 2 No difference 3 A little less confident 4 A lot less confident 5 Does not apply 6 22

CARD M 46a. Which of these descriptions applies to what you were doing last week, that is, in the seven days ending last Sunday? PROBE: Any others? CODE ALL THAT APPLY IN COLUMN I IF ONLY ONE CODE AT I, TRANSFER IT TO COLUMN II IF MORE THAN ONE AT I, TRANSFER HIGHEST ON LIST TO II COL COL II 1 ECONOMIC POSITION In full-time education (not paid for by employer, including on vacation) A 01 GO TO Q.47 4717-18 On government training/employment programme (eg. Youth Training, Training for Work, etc.) B 02 ASK b.

In paid work (or away temporarily) for at least 10 hours in the week C 03 GO TO c. Waiting to take up paid work already accepted D 04 Unemployed and registered at a benefit office E 05 Unemployed, not registered, but actively looking for a job (of at least 10 hours a week) F 06 Unemployed, wanting a job (of at least 10 hrs a week) but not actively looking for a job G 07 Permanently sick or disabled H 08 ASK b. Wholly retired from work J 09 Looking after the home K 10 Doing something else (WRITE IN) ______L 11

IF CODE 02, OR 05-11 AT a. b. How long ago did you last have a paid job (other than the government scheme you mentioned) of at least 10 hours a week, excluding holiday jobs? Within past 12 months 1 4719 Over 1, up to 5 years ago 2 Over 5, up to 10 years ago 3 ASK c. Over 10, up to 20 years ago 4 Over 20 years ago 5 Never had paid job of 10+ hrs a week 0 GO TO Q.47

IF EVER HAD JOB (CODES 03-04 AT a. OR CODES 1-5 AT b.) c. Are you now a member of a trade union or staff association? Yes: trade union 1 4720 PROBE AS NECESSARY Yes: staff association 2 CODE FIRST TO APPLY No 3

47. INTERVIEWER: REFER TO ECONOMIC POSITION OF RESPONDENT (Q.46a) RESPONDENT IS IN PAID WORK ASK Q.48 a.-i. 4721 (CODE 03) 1 ABOUT PRESENT JOB ASK Q.48 a.-i. RESPONDENT IS WAITING TO TAKE UP PAID WORK 2 ABOUT (CODE 04) FUTURE JOB ASK Q.48 a.-i. ALL OTHERS 3 ABOUT (CODES 01-02; 05-11) LAST JOB 23

48. Now I want to ask you about your (present/future/last) job. CHANGE TENSES FOR (BRACKETED) WORDS AS APPROPRIATE.

a. What (is) your job? PROBE AS NECESSARY: What (is) the name or title of the job? IF `NEVER HAD JOB', WRITE IN AND GO TO Q.49 ______

b. What kind of work (do) you do most of the time? DESCRIBE FULLY. PROBE: MANUFACTURING, OR PROCESSING, OR DISTRIBUTING, ETC.; MAIN GOODS PRODUCED, MACHINERY AND MATERIALS USED; WHOLESALE OR RETAIL ETC. ______

c. What training or qualifications (are) needed for that job? ______

d. (Do) you directly supervise or (are) you directly responsible for the work of any other people? IF YES: How many? Yes: WRITE IN NO: 4722-25

No: RING: 0000

e. Can I just check: (are) you ... READ OUT ...

an employee, 1 ASK f. 4726 or, self-employed? 2 GO TO g. IF EMPLOYEE (CODE 1 AT e.) CARD N f. Which of the types of organisation on this card (do) you work for? CODE FIRST TO APPLY Private sector firm or company (including 4727 limited companies and PLCs) 1 Nationalised industry/public corporation 2 Local authority/Local Education Authority (including ‘opted out’ schools) 3 Health authority/NHS hospital/NHS Hospital Trusts (including GP surgeries) 4 Central government/Civil service/Government Agency 5 Charity/Voluntary sector (including charitable companies) 6 Other (WRITE IN) ______7

ASK ALL WHO HAVE EVER WORKED g. What (does) your employer (IF SELF-EMPLOYED: you) make or do at the place where you usually (work) (from)? IF FARM, GIVE NO. OF ACRES ______24

48h. Including yourself, how many people (are) employed at the place where you usually (work) (from)? IF SELF-EMPLOYED: (Do) you have any employees?

IF YES: How many? (No employees) 0 4728 Under 10 1 10-24 2 25-99 3 100-499 4 500 or more 5 i. (Is) the job ... READ OUT ...

... full time (30+ HOURS PER WEEK) 1 4729 or, part-time (10-29 HOURS PER WEEK)? 2

OFFICE USE ONLY O.U.O. RESPONDENT'S OCCUPATIONAL DETAILS SOC 4730-32

ES 4733-34

SEG 4735-36

SC/NM.M 4737-38

SIC 4739-40

HG 4741-42

OC 4743-47

ASK ALL CARD P 49. May I just check, which of these applies to you at present? CODE FIRST TO APPLY Married 1 4748 Living as married 2 Separated (after being married) 3 Divorced 4 Widowed 5 Single (never married) 6

50a. The government has privatised many industries by selling shares to the public. Did you (or your husband/wife/partner) buy any of these shares at the time they were being sold off? PROBE FOR CORRECT CATEGORY Yes - have shares now 1 4749 CODE `GIVEN' AS BOUGHT ASK b. Yes - bought but none owned now 2 No - never bought any 3 (IF VOLUNTEERED: Applied for shares but none allocated) 4 GO TO c. (Don't know) 8 25

IF YES AT a. 50b. Was this ... READ OUT ...

... before the 1992 general election, 1 4750 or, since then? 2 (Can't remember/Don't know) 8 ASK ALL c. And do you (or your husband/wife/partner) own any other shares quoted on the stock exchange, including unit trusts? Yes 1 4751 No 2

ASK ALL CARD Q 51a. Have you passed any of the exams or got any of the qualifications on this card, since the time of the last general election in April 1992? Yes 1 ASK b. 4752 No 2 GO TO Q.52 SPARE 4753-80 IF YES AT a. b. Which ones? Any others? CODE ALL THAT APPLY Recognised trade apprenticeship completed 01 4807-50 RSA or other clerical or commercial qualification 02 City & Guilds Certificate Part I 03 City & Guilds Certificate: Craft/Intermediate / Ordinary/Part II 04 City & Guilds Certificate: Advanced/Final/Part III 05 City & Guilds Certificate: Full technological/Part IV 06 BEC/TEC/SCOTBEC/SCOTECH/General/Ordinary National Certificate (ONC) or Diploma (OND) or National General Certificate or Diploma 07 BEC/TEC/SCOTBEC/SCOTECH Higher/Higher National Certificate (HNC) or Diploma (HND) 08 NVQ/SVQ Level 1/GNVQ Foundation Level 09 NVQ/SVQ Level 2/GNVQ Intermediate Level 10 NVQ/SVQ Level 3/GNVQ Advanced L evel 11 NVQ/SVQ Level 4 12 NVQ/SVQ Level 5 13 Teacher training qualification 14 Nursing qualification 15 University or CNAA degree or diploma 16 Other technical or business qualification or certificate 17 Other recognised academic or vocational qualification 18 (WRITE IN) ______SPARE 4851-58

ALL: 52a. INTERVIEWER: FOR ALL RESPONDENTS: CODE WHETHER ACCOMMODATION IS...

... Private household, 1 ASK b. 4859 or Institution SPECIFY TYPE ______2 GO TO Q.53 26

IF PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD (CODE 1 AT a.) 52b. Does your household own or rent this accommodation? PROBE AS NECESSARY IF OWNS: Outright or on a mortgage? IF RENTS: From whom? OWNS: Own (leasehold/freehold) outright 01 GO TO Q.53 4860-61 Buying (leasehold/freehold) on mortgage 02 ASK c. RENTS: Local Authority/Council 03 Housing Association/Housing Trust 05 Property company 06 Employer 07 Other organisation 08 GO TO Q.53 Relative 09 Other individual 10 Housing Action Trust 11 RENT FREE: Rent free, squatting, etc. 12

IF BUYING ON A MORTGAGE (CODE 02 AT b.) c. How are you and your household coping with your mortgage these days? Does it make things ... READ OUT ...... very difficult, 1 4862 a bit difficult, 2 or, not really difficult? 3 (Don't know) 8 ASK ALL CARD R 53. Which of these is the main source of income for you (and your husband/wife/partner) at present? CODE ONE ONLY

Earnings from employment (own or spouse/partner’s) 01 4863-64 Occupational pension(s) - from previous employer(s) 02 State retirement or widow’s pension(s) 03 Jobseekers Allowance/Unemployment benefit 04 Income Support 05 Family Credit 06 Invalidity, sickness or disabled pension or benefit(s) 07 Other state benefit (WRITE IN) ______08 Interest from savings or investments 09 Student grant 10 Dependent on parents/other relatives 11 Other main source (WRITE IN) ______12 ______27

CARD S 54. And which of the letters on this card represents the total income of your household from all sources, before tax, including benefits, savings and so on? Please just tell me the letter. NOTE: INCLUDES INCOME FROM EARNINGS, BENEFITS, SAVINGS ETC. CODE ONE ONLY House- hold income

Q = 01 4865-66 T = 02 O = 03 K = 04 L = 05 B = 06 Z = 07 M = 08 F = 09 J = 10 D = 11 H = 12 C = 13 G = 14 P = 15 N = 16

55. May I just check, thinking back to the last general election - that is, the one in 1992 - do you remember which party you voted for then, or perhaps you didn't vote in that election?

DO NOT PROMPT Conservative 01 4867-68 Labour 02 Liberal Democrat 03 Scottish National Party 04 Plaid Cymru 05 Green Party 06 Other (WRITE IN) ______07 Refused to disclose voting 97 Did not vote 00 Don't remember 98 28

56a. May I just check your age last birthday? 4869-70

b. INTERVIEWER: PLEASE CODE Is the respondent male or female? Male 1 4871 Female 2

INTERVIEWER: THANK RESPONDENT FOR HIS OR HER HELP AND COMPLETE Q.57

57a. TIME INTERVIEW ENDED: 24 hour clock

WRITE IN: 4872-75

b. TOTAL LENGTH OF INTERVIEW: (SEE FRONT COVER AND a. ABOVE) MINUTES: 4876-78 SPARE c. INTERVIEWER SIGNATURE: 4880

______

… AND INTERVIEWER NUMBER: 4907-10

d. DATE OF INTERVIEW: DAY MONTH YEAR 4911-16 0 9 7

THANK YOU

* PLEASE MAKE SURE THAT THE ARF IS COMPLETELY FILLED IN.

* CHECK THE MAIN QUESTIONNAIRE, AND THE SELF-COMPLETION QUESTIONNAIRE

* DOUBLE CHECK THAT YOU HAVE FILLED IN ALL THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS; ESPECIALLY THE SERIAL NUMBER AND YOUR INTERVIEWER NUMBER ON THIS QUESTIONNAIRE AND ON THE SELF-COMPLETION QUESTIONAIRE.

* RETURN THE COMPLETED ARF TO THE BRENTWOOD FIELD OFFICE IN A SEPARATE ENVELOPE, NOT WITH THE QUESTIONNAIRES, AS SOON AS YOU CAN.

SPARE 4917-75

Batch Code 4976-80 + +

CREST CENTRE FOR RESEARCH INTO ELECTIONS AND SOCIAL TRENDS An ESRC Research Centre 35 Northampton Square at London EC1V 0AX Social and Community Planning Research & Nuffield College Oxford Telephone: 0171-250 1866

BRITISH ELECTION PANEL STUDY - I P.1653 1997 SURVEY

SELF-COMPLETION QUESTIONNAIRE Spring 1997

The last study in this series consists of the interview that you are doing now, and this short self-completion questionnaire.

All the questions can be answered just by ticking a box. If you don't have an opinion on a particular question, just tick the `Can't choose' box, or the `Neither' box in the middle.

The answers you give, like all the others, will be confidential. All we put on this questionnaire is a number so that we can link it with the interview questionnaire.

If you need any help, please ask the interviewer.

Thank you for your help.

5001-04

Serial No.

Card No. 50 5005-06

SPARE 5007-10

SCPR + + + 2 +

1. Please tick one box for each statement below to show how much you agree or disagree with it. Neither PLEASE TICK ONE BOX Agree agree nor Disagree ON EACH LINE strongly Agree disagree Disagree strongly a. Ordinary working people get their fair share of the nation's wealth 5011 b. There is one law for the rich and one for the poor 5012 c. Young people today don't have enough respect for traditional British values 5013 d. Censorship of films and magazines is necessary to uphold moral standards 5014 e. There is no need for strong trade unions to protect employees' working conditions and wages 5015 f. Private enterprise is the best way to solve Britain's economic problems 5016 g. Major public services and industries ought to be in state ownership 5017

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

2. Please tick one box for each statement below to show how much you agree or disagree with it. Neither PLEASE TICK ONE BOX Agree agree nor Disagree ON EACH LINE strongly Agree disagree Disagree strongly a. It is the government's responsibility to provide a job for everyone who wants one 5018 b. People should be allowed to organise public meetings to protest against the 5019 government

c. Homosexual relations are always wrong 5020

d. People in Britain should be more tolerant of those who lead unconventional lives 5021 e. Political parties which wish to overthrow democracy should be allowed to stand in general elections 5022

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

AA + + + 3 +

3. How much do you agree or disagree that …? Neither PLEASE TICK ONE BOX Strongly agree nor Strongly Can’t ON EACH LINE agree Agree disagree Disagree disagree choose a. Britain has a lot to learn from other countries in running its affairs 5023 b. I would rather be a citizen of Britain than of any other country in the world 5024 c. There are some things about Britain today that make me ashamed to be British 5025 d. People in Britain are too ready to criticise their country 5026 e. The government should do all it can to keep all parts of Britain together in a single state 5027 f. Britain should co-operate with other countries, even if it means giving up some independence 5028

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (8)

4. Suppose the government had to choose between three options in deciding how much to spend on certain things. a. First, spending on education. Would it be best for the country as a whole if the government … PLEASE TICK ONE BOX (ü)

5029 … increased spending on education and put up income tax by a penny in the pound, 1 OR kept spending on education and income tax about the same as now, 2 OR cut spending on education and took a penny in the pound off income tax? 3

Can’t choose 8 b. What about spending on health? Would it be best for the country as a whole if the Government … PLEASE TICK ONE BOX (ü)

5030 … increased spending on health and put up income tax by a penny in the pound, 1 OR kept spending on health and income tax about the same as now, 2 OR cut spending on health and took a penny in the pound off income tax? 3

Can’t choose 8 c. What about spending on social security benefits? Would it be best for the country as a whole if the government … PLEASE TICK ONE BOX (ü) … increased spending on social security benefits and put up income tax 5031 by a penny in the pound, 1 OR kept spending on social security benefits and income tax about the same as now, 2 OR cut spending on social security benefits and took a penny in the pound 3 off income tax? BB Can’t choose 8 + + + 4 +

5. Now what would be best for you and your household? a. First, spending on education. Would it be best for you and your household if the government … PLEASE TICK ONE BOX (ü)

5032 … increased spending on education and put up income tax by a penny in the pound , 1 OR kept spending on education and income tax about the same as now, 2 OR cut spending on education and took a penny in the pound off income tax? 3

Can’t choose 8 b. What about spending on health? Would it be best for you and your household if the government … PLEASE TICK ONE BOX (ü)

5033 … increased spending on health and put up income tax by a penny in the pound , 1 OR kept spending on health and income tax about the same as now, 2 OR cut spending on health and took a penny in the pound off income tax? 3

Can’t choose 8 c. What about spending on social security benefits? Would it be best for you and your household if the government … PLEASE TICK ONE BOX (ü) … increased spending on social security benefits and put up income tax 5034 by a penny in the pound , 1 OR kept spending on social security benefits and income tax about the same as now, 2 OR cut spending on social security benefits and took a penny in the pound off income tax? 3

Can’t choose 8

6. Please tick one box for each statement below to show how much you agree or disagree with it. Neither PLEASE TICK ONE BOX Agree agree nor Disagree ON EACH LINE strongly Agree disagree Disagree strongly a. People like me have no say in what the government does 5035 b. Councillors and MPs don’t care much what people like me think 5036 c. Sometimes politics and government seem so complicated that a person like me cannot really understand what is going on 5037

SPARE 5038-75 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Batch 5076-80 CC THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR HELP + + at An SocIal 1997 BRITISH CREST ESRC and SURVEY Research CommunIty ELECTION Centre CENTRE - Plannmg England PANEL FOR Research and RESEARCH STUDY & Wales Nuffield I - College INTO ELECTIONS O"ford SCALE AND BOOKLET Telephon1e SOC]lAL 35 Northampton London

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u-lS OFFICE USE ONLY CREST CENTRE FOR RESEARCH INTO ELECTIONS AND SOCIAL TRENDS P 1653 35 Northampton Square Spnng 1997 London EC IV OAX Telephone 0171-2501866 SerIal No CIIITJ

BRITISH ELECTION PANEL STUDY - I

1997 SURVEY - Scotland

SCALE BOOKLET

s 1 should should top SCALE top down down prices prices government's government's the the be Keeping Priority be Keeping PriOrity K K x K views I_I I-I views views J J 7 J Party's Party's — Party's National

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cl) SCALE the the the protect protect from protect from from to to to Union Union Union can can can It It It all all all Do European Independence Do European Independence ~~r:::~:~i:~~~e;;:~ts Do European Independence I I 1 K K K views __ views views views J J J Party's Party's Party's Democrats' National H H H h Labour Liberal Conservative the cottls G G G s the to the Union to the to F to closest closest closest E EF EF closest European s comes I comes connes o o o think come __ think think you thlnlk C C C you you box IIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII Ylou box box the B B B box the the I 1 I I I I I I I I 1 Tick the Tick A A A Tick __ 1,---1 TllCk I-I 1 unite to Eur:~~~ can the Itth~a~~~i~~~ Itth~a~~~i~~~ ~th~a~~~i~~~ It all with Do fUII~:~~ fUII~:~~ fUII~:~~ fully m m In 1653 n P ~3888888

CRESTCREST CENTRE FOR RESEARCH INTOINTO ELECTIONS AND SOCIAL TRENDS AnAnESRCESRC ResearchResearch CentreCentre 35 NorthampronNorthampton Square atat London EC I[V OAX SOCialSOCMIandand CommumtyCommumtyPlanmng Research & Nuffield College OxfordOxford Telephone 0171-25018660[71-2501866

BRITISHBRITISH ELECTIONELECTION PANELPANELSTUDY --1 1 P 1653

19971997 SURVEYSURVEY Spring 1997

VOTING SHEET

SenalSerial No ITIIJ[J111111/

IlqulteunderstandqUite understand that you feel youyouhavehave givenglvenus us enough of your time already We are very grateful for all your help But so that IIcancompletecan complete mymyrecords,records, could you Justlust answer two two questions

11 whether you managed to vote Inm the general election?electlon~

Yes, voted 1 ASK Q 2 .364"68

No 2

Refused 8 s~ENDEND

Can'tCan’tremember 9 '------1

2 and lastly,which party you voted for Inm the general electlon7election?

CODE ONE ONLY ConservatweConservative 01 438070438970

DO NOT PROMPT Labour 02 Liberal Democrat 03 Scottish National Party 04

PlaldPlaid Cymru 05

Green Party 06 Other (WRITEIN) 07

Refused to disclose voting 97

None 00

Can'tCan’t remember/don’tremember/don't know 98

Thank you very much. This IS the last time we shall ask for your help sparea,. 4371,71 8080

PLEASE RETURN THE COMPLETED SHEET IN A SEPARATE ENVELOPE FROM THE ARF FOR THIS RESPONDENT

~. -— 38884~ 888'"

DRAFT

The British ElectIOnElectIon Panel Survey (BEPS), 1992-95

Techmcal Report

LmdsayLindsay Brook

SocialSoc]al and Community PlanningPlannmg Research

and

BndgetBridget Taylor

NuffieldNuftield College Oxford

BaselIneBasehne Studies P 11511151 (Apn11992,(Aprd 1992, England & Wales) P 11851185 (Apnl(Aprd 1992, Scotland) Panel StudiesStudies P 13141314 (May,(May, 1993) P 13661366 (June(June 1994) P 14701470 (May(May 1995) P 15041504 (October(October 1995) May 1996

1 CONTENTSCONTENTS

1.1. BackgroundBackground

1.1. TheThe 19921992 BGESBGESsurveyssurveys

2.2. TheThe newnew panelpanel studystudy

2.2. ObjectIvesObjectives ofofthethe BGESBGESseriesseries

3.3. AprilApril 19921992 BGESBGES baselinebaseline studystudy

TheThe samplesample FieldworkFIeldwork andand responseresponse WezghtmgWelghtmg SelfcompletlonSelf-completIOn supplementsupplement The spilt-sample experimentexpenment Cross-nationalCro5s-natlonal components VariableVanable names Other conventionsconventIOns employed Constituency numbers Postcodes ValzdatwnVahdatron ofturnout

4. May 1993 BEPS study

IntroduGlwnIntrodu~tlon Sample andandjieldworkfieldwork Response and attntwnuttrttlon SenalSerlul numbersnumbers WelghtmgWezghtorg VanableVar~able namesnames

5.5. JuneJune 19941994 BEPSBEPS studystudy

IntroductIOnIntroduction TheThe samplesample FIeldworkFzeldwork ResponseResponse andand attntwnattrztton SenalSerial numbersnumbers WelghtmgWezghtmg VanableVurlable namesnames

22 .

6.6. MayMay 19951995 BEPSBEPS studystudy

IntroductionIntroductIOn The samplesample FieldworkFieldwork ResponseResponse andand attrltlonattntlOn SerzalSenal numbersnumbers Welghtmg VaivableVariable names

7. October 1995 BEPSBEPS study

IntroductionIntroductIOn The samplesample Fieldwork Response and attr!tlonattntlOn SerzalSerial numbers WetghtmgWelghtmg VarzableVariable names

1. Background

1 The 1992 BGES surveys

The basehnebaselme for the Brlt\shBritish ElectzonElectIOn Panel Survey (IMPS) (BEPS) seriessenes was a cross-sectioncross-sectIOn survey of electors m England, Scotland and Wales,Wrdes, carnedearned out after the last general electIOnelectlon m ApnlAprd 1992 This study was the most recent m the BritishIJrzt~sh General ElectIOn ElectIon Survey (BGES) senes,series, carnedcan-led out after every generalgenerrd electIOnelectlon smcesince 1964196411 The BGES senesseries was establishedestabhshed by DavldDav]d Butler and Donald Stokes who directed the first three studiesstud]es (1964, 1966 and 1970) ResponsibilityResponslbdlty for the senesseries then passed from Nuffie1dNuffield College to the UmversltyUnwers@ ofEssex, the two 1974 surveys bemgbeing duecteddmected by Ivor Crewe, Bo Sar1vlkSarlvlk and James Alt, Jomedjoined by DavldDawd Robertson m 1979 The three most recent studies have been the responsibilityresponslbd@ of Anthony

Heath---- ,----(now of-- Nuffield- ~ ---- Col1el!eCollege-----Q- Oxford),-- /''''''ROl!erRoger Jowel1Jowell (of SOCialSocml and CommumtvCommmuty~-Planmng Research) and John CurtlceCurtIce (now of the UmversltyUmverwty of Strathclyde), together Withmth other researchers from SCPR and Oxford The research team for the 1992 studies mcludedincluded Lmdsay Brook, Bndget Bridget Taylor and GIllianGdhan PnorPrior

All the post-electIOnpost-electlon cross-sectIOncross-section surveys have been based on probabilityprobabdlty samples deSigneddesigned toto be representatIverepresentative of thethe electorate ofof GreatGreat Bntam'Br1tam2 andand have been conductedconducted by face-toface-to- faceface mtervlew Now thethe longestlongest senesseries ofacademiCacademic surveyssurveys m Bntam,Brltam, thethe BGES studiesstudies have

I‘ 11herehere haveha.. alsoalso beenbe.. twom. non-electionnon-e l..tmn yearyc.r surveyssurveys (m(m 19631963 andand 1969),[969), Il.. campaigncampa, g,. study'study> Inm 1987,1987, aa EECEEC ReferendumR. feccnd.m studystudy (conducted(conducted byby post)post) InT. 1974,1974, andmd anm additionaladditional studystudy ofof Welsh electorselectors Inm 19791979

2‘ ExceptExcept Inm yc:arsyears whenwhim electorselectors Inm ScotlandScotland havehave beenbeen over-sampled,over-smnpkd, thethe 'croftmg‘.mfhng counties'munttes’ northnorth ofof thethe CaledomanCakdomm canaJcmd havehave beenbe.. excludedcxcl.ded becausebecause ofof thelh. prohlblllveproh,hmvc costcost ofof Inlervlewlngmkrwewms Inm sparsely-populatedspars+populated areasarm!

33 .

beenbeen notednoted forfor thethe highhigh quahtyquahty ofoftheutheu designdesign andand orgamsahoriorganisation andand forfor thethe richnessnchness ofofthethe resultingresultmg datasetsdatasets

AA particularparticular featurefeature ofof thethe 19921992 study’study3 waswas ItsItS over-sampleover-sample ofof ScottishScottish electors,electors, toto allowallow moremore detadeddetailed mvestlgatlonlllvestIgatlOn ofof votingVOtlllg behav]our,behavIOur, attitudesattitudes toto devolutlondevolutIOn andand independence,mdependence, ‘national'national Identity’Identity' andand soso on,on, northnorth ofofthethe borderborder AroundAround 950950 electorselectors mm ScotlandScotland (mcludmg(mcludmg somesome hvmghVlllg northnorth ofofthethe CaledomanCaledoman Canal)Canal) werewere mterwewed,llltervlewed, insteadlllstead ofofthethe 250250 oror soso thatthat wewe mightmighthave have expectedexpected mm thethe absenceabsence ofofaa ScottishScottish boostboost ThisThis elementelementwaswas alsoalso fhrrdedfunded byby thethe ESRCESRC underunder aa separateseparate grantgrant (No(No RR 000232000 232 960)960) toto researchersresearchers mm thethe DepartmentDepartment ofof Government,Govermnent, UmversltyUmverSlty ofof StrathclydeStrathclyde

InIn addltlonaddition toto thethe cross-sectionalcross-sectIOnal surveyssurveys amongamong freshfresh samplessamples ofofelectors,electors, betweenbetween everyevery pairpau 4 ofofelect10ns4electlOns panelpanel surveyssurveys havehave beenbeen conductedconducted mm wluchwluch respondentsrespondents toto thethe previousprevIOus cross-cross sechonsectIOn survey have been re-mterwewedre-mtervlewed In 1992, thethe Economic and SocmlSOCial Research CouncdCounCil (as(as well as part-fundingpart-fundlllg thethe cross-sectioncross-sectIOn survey) providedproVided funds’funds' for thethe recumbentmcumbent BGES teamteam toto carry out threethree further surveys among electors firstfirst mterwewedmtervlewed m thethe 1987 post-post electionelectIOn study

.•a pre-electlonpre-electlOn telephone survey, withWith mterwewmgmtervlewlllg takingtaklllg place m the three weeks of the electlonelectIOn campaign Ieadmgleadmg up to polhngpollmg day,

.•a post-electlonpost-electIOn survey, also by telephone, withWith respondents mtervlewed over the four days immediatelyImmediately after polhngpollmg day (Thursday AprdApnl 9th),

•. a face-to-face mtervlew survey ofofthesethese panel members, beglmmgbegmnmg m the followmgfollowing week, but thisthiS time mcludmgmcludlllg those who either were not on the telephone, or could not be reached by telephone durIngduring the prevIOusprevious two phases

A bnefbrief account of the panel element of the 1992 BGES study ISM givengwen Inm Annex I of thiStlus Report

The structure of the BGES senesseries smcesince ItSIts InceptIOnmceptlon m 1964 ISM shown schematIcallyschematically below

[Insert chart jiomfrom AppendIXAppendzx to 'Understandmg‘Understanding PolztlcalPohhcal Change',Change’, p 227, updated toto I992J1992]

FundIngFunding forfor thethe 19921992 cross-sectIOncross-sect]on surveyssurveys came fromfrom twotwo sourcessources The ESRC awardedawarded a grant (No(No Y 304304253253 011) toto thethe SCPR/NuffieldSCPIVNuftield ColiegeCollege teamteam ThiSThm was supplementedsupplemented by a grant fromfrom one ofthethe SamsburySamsbury FamilyFamdy CharitableCha.ntable Trusts,Trusts, which allowedallowed fundsfunds wluchwtach might otherWiseotherwise have been deployeddeployed toto carrymgcarrying outout thethe 19921992 BntlshBrztmh Soczal AttitudesAttztudes (BSA)(BSA) surveysurvey

3‘ InIncommon common Withwth thetheOctoberO.tobcr 19741974 andand 19791919 HGESBGESsurveys,surveys,whichwhmh alsoalso Incorporatedmcorp.r.ted 8a ScottishScottish boostboost

44 ExceptExcept thosethose ofof 19791979 andand 1983,19S3, andmd 19871987 andand 19921992 whenwhen fundmgfunding fromfrom thetbe ESRCESRC (formerly(formerly thethe SSRC)SSRC) waswas notnot mademad. HV811able.vadablc

5‘ ThroughThm.gh ItsIm grantgrant (No(No YY 303303253253 001)001) tom thethe JOlOtJmm UnitUmt forfor thethe StudyStudy ofof SOCialSo.ml TrendsTr.”ds (lUSS1),(JUSSI ), anan ESRC-fundedBSRC-f.nd.d ResearchRcwamh CentreCentre lmkmgh.kmg SCPRSCPRandandNuffieldN.klkld CollegeCollege OxfordOxford TheThe 'campaign'‘campzugn’ andandpost-pollmgposl-pollmg dayday telephonetelepho.c roundsrounds werewere suggestionssuggestions ofof thethe ElectionElc.tmnStudies Studies AdVISOryAdwsory andandManagement Mmagcment CommitteeComm,ttce (ESAMC),(ESAMC), andand adoptedadopled byby thethe researchresearch teamteam

4 ‘.

to help support the 1992 BGES surveyssurvey" The researchresearch tr%rrrteam wmheswIshes toto acknowledgeacknowledge ItsIts gratitude to both

2 The new panel study

In 1989, the ESRC providedprovIded funding,fundmg, uutlallyImtlally forfor five years, for a Research CentreCentre hnkmglmkmg SCPR and Nuffield College Oxford The JointJomt Umt for thethe StudySrudy of SocialSOCial TrendsTrends (JUSST),(mSST), as It was then called, embarked on a programmeprogranlffie of surveys, methodological experiments,expenments, cross-natIOnalcross-national comparatwecomparative research and pubhcatlonspublicatIOns?7 In 1994, researchers m thethe JointJomt Umt successfully apphedapplied to the ESRC for fundingfundmg (under Award No M 303 253 001) toto extend the hfelife of the Umt for a further five years (untd(until September 1999) The Umt was renamedrenamed the Centre for Research mto ElectIonsElectIOns and SocialSOCial Trends (CREST), Its mam actwltyactivity beingbemg toto study the attitudesattlrudes and behawourbehavIOur ofthe BrltlshBntlsh electorate waVia a seriessenes of regular mter-electlonmter-electlOn panel surveys

This enterpnseenteqmse MIS known as the BrztmhBntlsh ElechonElectIOn Panel Survey (BEPS) Its ImovatwemnovatlVe element IS to mvestlgate mdzwdual-levelmdlVldual-level stabilitystablhty and change m pohtlcalpolitical athtudes,attitudes, economiceconomIC and socialSOCial cIrcumstances,cucumstaoces, and votingvotmg behavlourbehavIOur over the hfetlrnelifetime of one padparliamentmrnent and beyond thethe next

.... "".... <;>0 ...... 1 ""1"" .... ·f-,...... TT"""hl ...... 1 1 OQ'::' IJr:i'P<' rn...... ,-l'" 'h",rl "h""",," "'...... ,,<:>1 UT'1th f';""lr1"rn ...1r hTnPI"I fn e,'C

In summary, completed BEPS fieldwork rounds are as follows

Date Mode Start of F]eldworkFIeldwork

1992 Face-to-face mtervlew ImmediatelyImmedIately followingfollowmg generaJgeneral electlonelectIOn Withwith self-completIOnself-completion supplement on 9th AprdApnl

1993 Postal questIOnnairequestlormalre Wlthwth suppsupp- FFollowmgollowmg local electionselectlons on 6tb6th May lementary telephone mtervlew

6‘ There had been a SImilars,imlar arrangementarrangmnent IIIm 1987,19S7, when the BSA grant for 1988 was brought forward to help fund the 19S71987 BGt3BGES .ross-cross sectIOnsea,onsurvey

7~ For mformalionmfortnal,onallonthetheUnitIJmts programme,progr.mm.,seese. Itsm seness.nesof WorkmgW.rkmg PapersPafmsaval1ablewalablc from NuffieldN. ff,eld College Oxford (now succeeded by thethe CREST seness.nes of WorkmgWorking Papers)

118 AlthoughAIIh.uEh fundmgfunding forfor CREST and Ilslti seriessenm of mter-electlonmier-el.ctlon studiesstudcs waswzs not..1 yetycl m place m May 1993, It,1 waswa-s dcc,deddeCided nonetheless to re-re contactmnlact thethe embryoembryo panel,panel, bothboth asm ana. essenllalessenlla[ exercisecx.rc,sc Inm panel mamtenancemamlenmce and toto begmbegin (m(m a modest way)W.Y) thelh. momtormg of polltJcalpohtical attitudesamt.desandandvoting.otmg behaViourbehawour(the(thelatterlatteralalthetheMayMay locallocalelections).Ic.t!ons)

5 19941994 Face-to-faceFace-to-face mtervlewinterviewImmediately Immediately followingfollowing EuropeanEuropean ParhamentParliament withwith self-completionself-completIOn supplementsupplement electlonselectIOns onon 9th9th JuneJune

1995 (1)(I) Face-to-faceFace-to-face mterwewinterview ImmediatelyImmediately followingfollowing locallocal electlonselectIOns withWith self-completionself-completIOn supplementsupplement onon 4th4th JuneJune

1995 (2)(2) TelephoneTelephone mterwewmtervlew withWith supp-supp- IrrunedlatelyImmediately followingfollowmg thethe endend ofofthethe lement~ylementary postalpostal questlomauequestlOnnaue partyparty conferenceconference seasonseason (13th(13th October)October)

A new panel wdlwill be recrtntedrecrUited after thethe next general electlonelection and hrtherfurther fieldworkfieldwork roundsrounds w1llwill taketake place untduntil autumn 1998

2. Objectives of the BGES series

A central almaim of the BGES’,BGES, the foundationfoundatIOn upon whrchwinch the present BEPS programme MIS bmlt,bUilt, has always been to mamtam the mtegntyIntegnty of the seriessenes Particular emphasisemphaSIS NIS placed on mamtammgmalntalnmg the high standards of samphng,samplmg, fieldwork and codingcodmg estabhshedestablished m the past, and on repeatingrepeatmg t'core'core’ Items to ensure contmmtycontmUlty

A second task of the senesseries has always been to provide benchmark data on the characteristicscharactensncs of the electorate - on theu attitudes, party ldentlficatlonIdentificatIOn and behawour,behavIOur, and on the mterrelatlonsInterrelations between these characteristicscharactenstics and aspects of social structure ThisTins has proved invaluablemvaluable urIn chartingchartmg and descnbmg both long- and short-term trends (the latter being especially useful m the context of the BEPS programme)

A further lmportrmtImportant aima~m was Identified for the 1992 BGES studies Frost,First, mamlymainly Viavm the panel study, the research team mtendedintended to Investigatemvestlgate more thoroughly than had been possible m the past questIOnsquestions of causalitycausahty to look at (for example) the effect ofeconomic cucumstances,cmcumstances, unemployment, purchase of shares or pnvateprwate health care on voting behavIOur,behavlour, or to examme the consequences of changes m party policypohcy m terms of respondent'srespondent’s own politicalpohtlcal attitudes and party allegianceallegmrrce ThiSThis ISMa theme to which (through the collectIOncollection of data on respondents'respondents’ recent lifehfe hlstones)hl stories) the BEPS senesseries has already returned

A particular feature of the ScottishScott]sh booster sample was an extra module of questIOnsquestions addreSSingaddressing Issuesissues such as possible constitutIOnalconstitutional changes, pndepride Inm ones country and natIOnalnational Identity In additIOn,addltlon,questIOns questions about the mainmam politICalpohtlcal parties were expanded to mcludeinclude the SNP

6 -.”

3.3. SurveySurvey methodsmethods

11 AprdAprIl 19921992 BGESBGES basehnebaselIne studystudy

TheThe samplesample

TheThe surveysurvey waswas designeddesigned toto yieldyIeld aa representatwerepresentative samplesample ofofehglbleehglble votersvoters mm GreatGreat Brltam9Bntam9 LikeLIke ItsItS predecessors,predecessors, ItIt differeddiffered fromfrom aa randomrandom samplesample ofof allall reszdentreSIdent adultsadults mm thatthat ItIt comprisedcompnsed onlyonly peoplepeople onon thethe electoralelectoral regmterregister andand ehgibleehglble toto votevote atat thethe generalgeneral electlonelectIOn (m(m thisthiS case,case, onon 9th9th AprdApnl 1992)

AA three-stagethree-stage selectlonselectIOn procedweprocedurewaswas usedused Frost,First, aa samplesample ofof218218 constituenciesconstituencieswaswas selectedselected lO (159(159 m EnglandEngland andand WalesWales andand 5959 mm Scotland’”)Scotland ) w,thWith probabdltyprobablhty proporhonateproportIOnate toto sizesize ofof electorate Before selectlon,selectIOn, thethe constituencies had been stratltiedstratified accordingaccordmg toto thethe followingfollowmg factorsfactors

.• Reg]strarRegistrar General’sGeneral's Standard RegionRegIOn .• populationpopulatIOn densitydenSity bands (persons per hectare) .• percentage of dwelhngs owner-occupied’owner-occupied 11]

In order to make the strata faulyfairly equal m size,Size, the populationpopulatIOn densitydenSity bandingbandmg was varied accordingaccordmg to Standard RegionRegIOn

The second stage was the ordenngordering of all polhng dlstnctsdistricts wlthm the selected constituencies m a geographically coherent sequence, accordingaccordmg to the ward Iabelhnglabelhng system used wlthm the constituency Any polhngdistrict dmtnct withWith fewer than 500 electors was combmed whWith the one followmgfollowing It, to form one umt ThiSThis meant that addresses m anyoneany one samphng pomtpoint would not be too tIghtlyt]ghtly clustered

In antiCipatIOnantlclpatlon that a general electIOnelectlon would be called m November 1991, thiSthis second stage of sample selectIOnselection was carnedcan-led out usmgusing the electoral registers current between February 1991 and February 19921992 Indeed a sample of electors had already been drawn from these registers, so that fieldwork could begm begin Immediatelymunedlately after polhng day When It become eVident,evident, however, that the electIOnelectlon would be m the followmgfollowing spnng,spring, the research team apphed to, and obtamedobtained from, the ESRC the extra fundmgfhndmg necessary to draw a fresh sample of electors fromfrom thethe new registersreg~sters when theythey startedstarted toto become availableavadable m mid-Februarymid-February 19921992

InIn thethe course of selectmgselecting constItuencies,constltuencles, one elector was picked atat randomrandom The pollmgpolhng districtdlstnct wlthm which thiSthm electorelector hved became thethe selectedselected pollmgpolhng dlstnctdlstrtct InIn thiSthis way, ItSIts probablhtyprobabdlty ofof selectIOnselectlon waswas proportIOnateproportionate toto sizesize ofof electorateelectorate

9‘ This?im study,study, Inm common.onmm. Withvh allall prevIOusprevm.s BGESBGES studies,st.d,es, excluded.xd.ded NorthernNorthernIrelandhebnd HoweverHow.vcr Inm 19921992forforthetbefirstfirsttimetlm. thetheESRCESRC proVidedpr.wded fundsfundsforfor 8.. separateseparate studystudy ofof thethe NorthernNorthern ITlshImh electorate,.Icctomtc,underunderthethedirectiondmctmnofofaadifferentd,ff.rentlearnteamofof investigatorsmv.strgamrs

10mTheThesamphng,a,np{tngframeframethiS~,$ time~tmemcluded,n,ju~ed(as(Xnoled “.t.d above),.b.v.], lheh. fivefiVC constituenCiesconstmen.icsWithw,thaasmallsm.11and..d scattered,.,n,r.d electorateClectoratcInmthe‘e Scottishscoelsh highlandshghlandsandandIslandsdads northnorthofoftheh. CaledomanCal.donmn CanalCanal

11I 1According~ccord,”g toto 1981,98, Census~e”,”s data,data, thethe latestIatcst availableavadabk at.1 that~at timetime

77 The thlfdthmd stage was the selectIOnselectlon of a sample of electors Wlthm each of the 218 selected pollIngpolhng dlstncts,dlstrlcts, 24 electors were chosen wltbWith equal probabdlty,probabilIty, startmgstarting from a randomly chosen pomt,point, and thereafter plckmg the name of every nth elector Anyone mehg]bleIneligible to vote m the general electIOnelectlon (peers and young people aged under 18 on AprdApnl 9th) was replaced with an elIgibleehg!ble elector, whose name was selected by usingusmg random number tables

A sample of 5,232 names was selected by these methods (3,816 m England and Wales and 11416 4I6 Inm Scotland)

Fieldwork and response

A small-scale pIlotpdot was carnedtamed out m early December, 1991 SIX mterwewersmtervlewers (mcludmg two m Scotland) between them carnedearned out 48 mterwews,mtervlews, and admuusteredadmllllstered a short self-completionself-completIon questlOnnalfequestlomalre to respondents Afterwards the mtervlewers attended a debriefing,debnefing, to dmcussdiSCUSS the pilotpdot results withw]th members of the SCPRlOxfordSCPFVOxford and StrathclStrathclydeyde research teams

InterviewersInterwewers undertakmgundertaking assignments on the mam fieldwork phase were personally briefedbnefed by SCPR members of the BGES research team Fieldwork m England and Wales began on 10th10th ApnlAprd 1992, andrmd m Scotland on 14th AprdApnl A total of 217 mtervlewersIlltervlewers undertook assignmentsasslgmnents on the cross-sectIOncross-section survey, 163 m England and Wales and 54 m Scotland)

The names of some potentIalpotential respondents who had proved d]fficultdifficult to find at home, or had refused or broken an.an appOIntmentappointment for mterwew,IntervIew, were re-Issuedre-issued to mterwewersIntervIewers who had not made the IllltIaluutlal calls In additIOn,addltlon, movers who were traced to new addresses were followed up and, where possible, ll1tervlewedmterv]ewed ThiSThis re-issuere-Issue phase resulted m 283 productweproductive mtervlews and raIsedraised response by 6 63 3 per cent The final response rate was 73 per cent,(72cent, (72 per cent m England and Wales and 73 per cent Inm Scotland)

In all, 88 per cent of Interviewsmterwews achieved were obtainedobtaIned by the end of May 1992, and 97 per cent by the end of June The remammgremalmng three per cent were conducted duringdunng July and August, maInlymamly followmgfollowing recalls on respondents who were unable or unwrlhngunWlllmg to be mtervlewed earlIerearher The date of InterVIeWmterwew appears on the dataset as the variablevarIable DateIntDatelnt

DetailsDetads of the final response breakdown are shown IIIm the table below England and Wales TOTAL “’’’””’’’’”W’’” ‘OT’L~ .3,.0 n %%n n %0%

NAMES ISSUED 3816 1416 5232 Addresses oul-of-scope out-of-scope (emply,(empty, demolished,dcmol! shed, no trace) 45 12 57 NNamedam ed person dead 28 17 45 emigratedem lgrated 25 5 30 under age 3 3 mover - address unknown 144 84 228

TOTAL FOUND OR ASSUMED TO BE OUT OF SCOPE OR UNTRACEABLE 242 121 363

8 I TOTAL IN SCOPE 3574100 12951245" 100 4869100

IntervIewItrtervlew obtainedobtamed 2577 72 957 74 353473 Of whichwhIch w!thwIth self-completionself-completIOn 2415 6S68 89 69 3304 68 wmhoutwIthout self-completIOnself-completmn 162 6 68 7 2305

InterwewInterview not obtamedobtanred 997 28 33826 1335 27 Of whichwhIch refusal 607 192 799 refusal by someone else 10m household (proxy) 78 26 104I 04 broken appointmentappomtment 35 11 46 refusal to officeoftice I I 2 not contacted-contacted - never mIn 86 31 117 senIle/incapacitatedsendclmcapac] tated 53 25 78 away or10 ]n hospital 42 19 61 III at home 21 7 28 Other 74 26 100I00

Response variedvaned somewhat between Standard RegIOns,Regions, ranging from 78 per cent mIn YYorkshmeorkshue and HumbersldeHumberside to 65 per cent Inm Greater London AsmprevlousAs In prevIOus BGLLSrotmds,BGES rounds, weights were apphedapphedtoto ensure that the sample represented the correct proportionproportIOn of electors Inmeacheach StandardStaodard RegionRegIOn (see below)

WelghtmgWezghtmg

WeightingWelghtmg had been carnedcamledoutout on BGES 1983 and 1987, andtheequwalentand the eqUivalent exerciseexercwe was repeatedmrepeated In 1992 ThiSThlsmcluded,Included, Inm 1992, thedown-welghtmgthe down-weighting of the Scottish booster sample to-formto form arepresentatwea representabve BnbshBrltlsh sample The followingfollOWing tab~table shows the weights apphed to cases Inm each Standard RegionRegIOn

Standard RegtonRegIOn No %“/0

Scotland 3,927,475 923 957 27127 1 xXO0276276 264 92 North 2,391,410 562 177 50 x 0907 161 56

NofthNorth West 4,825,960 1134 296 84 Xx 1I 085 321 111133

Yorks&HumbersldeYorks & HumbersIde 3,827,212 899 267 76 Xx 0962 257 90

West MidlandsMIdlands 4,013,421 943 293 83 Xx 00920920 27027o 94 East MidlandsMIdlands 3,092,7113,092,71 I 727 214 61 x0971 208 75

East AngllaAnglia 1,573,318 370 94 27 XxI 124 106 37

South West 3,639,627 855 250 771 1X x0978 0 978 245 86 South East 8,133,367 19191212 534 151511 Xx 1023I 023 546 19 1 I Greater London 4,910,855 11115555 303 86 x1089X 1089 330 111155 Wales 2,217,713 521 149 42 x 0999 149I49 52 --- —

TOTALS 42,553,069 10001 3,534 1002 2,857 999

9 Data ontienuberon the number ofelectorsof electors metAenfromare taken from Electoral Stat~s/,csStatistics l992(OPCS,1992 (opes, 1992)

It ]stiereforeIS therefore essentialessentIal towelghtto weIght thesmple,the sample, uslngthevmlableusmg the varIable WtFuctor,WtFactor, thlswelghtsthIs weIghts thethe number of respondentsrespondents m each Standard RegionRegIOn toto thethe proporhonsproportIOns of registeredregIstered electors m each Reg]onRegIOn

Se~-completionSelf-completIOn supplement

FollowlngFollowmg thesuccessfulthe successful lntioductlonmtroductlOn ofaself-complet]of a self-completIOnonquestlomalrequestIOnnaIre on the 1987 BGES cross-sectioncross-sectIOn survey ’2,12, respondents were again agamasked to complete a questionnairequestlOnnalte after the mtervlew, eltherforeIther for collectioncollectIOn bythemtervlewerby the mtervlewer ortoretornor to return by post In all, 93 percentper cent of respondents mterwewedmtervlewed face-to-face completed the supplement It containedcontamed (among other Items) a set of questionsquestlons designeddesIgned to explore the relatwerelatIve Importance of differentdIfferent sources of polmcalpolltlcal mformatlon,mformatlOn, fielded as part of the Cross-NaflorralCross-NatIOnal ElecfzonElectIOn Programme (CNiiP)(CNEP)

As noted above, 230 respondents to the face-to-face mterwewmtervlew dlddId not complete a self-self completioncompletIOn supplement These cases appear as’mlssmg’as 'mlssmg' mthem the SPSS-xSPSS-x system file

TheThespllt-samplesplzt-sample experzmentexperiment

A spht-samplespht-sasnple experimentexpenment was conducted to find out whether or not there wasawas a questlOnquest] on- order effect accordingaccordmg to whether respondents were asked first about thelttheuvote and then about theirtheIr party IdentlficatlOnIdentlficatlon or Vice-versawee-versa (see Heath and Pierce,PIerce, 1992, McAlhster and Wattenberg,Wattenberg,1995)1995) Respondents wlthevenWIth even senalserlalnmbersnumbers were asked thequestlononpmtythe questIOn on party IdentlficatlOnldentlficat]on before beingbemg asked about theutheIr vote, whereas the respondent5respondents withWIth odd senalserial numbers were asked the questionquestIOn on party IdentlficatlonIdentlficatlOn afterwards Thus thISthis senesseries of questionsquestIOns appears tw]cemthetWIce m the questlo~ame,questlOnnalte, WIthwlththethe followingfollowmg questionquestIOn numbers

Even sendsenal Odd serialsenal numbers numbers Derived vanab[esvariables

PartyPatiy IdenlIficatlOnIdermticat(on A6a BI3aB13a Partyld

[If no Party Id] closer to whIchwh)ch A6b BI3bB13b PtyClsPlycls party?party~

Strength of PartyPaw Id[d A6cA6C BI3cB13c IdStrngldStrng

Mam aIma!m of partypafly A6d B13d Comprom

The four denvedderwed variables above combme the responses of the two half-samples, and It ISM these that should be used Inm the analySISanalys]s

12 This~,~ mnovatlon,nnovat,on onon thetie BGES~G~ senes,Cr,e$ was~= 'Imported',mpomd, fromfrom SCPR'sSCPRSannualmm. al BritishBr,t,,h SOCiaLSLWal Al111udesAmide. survey,SUWCY,.on. which~h,ch a self·completlons.lf-completion supplementsupplmwm had beenbe.. used Successfullysuccessfully sinceWI.. BSA'sBSAk inceptionmccptmn IIIm 19831983

1010 Cross-natIOnalCross-natzonal components

ThereThere were twotwo cross-natIOnalcross-national components to the 1992 BGES cross-sectioncross-sectIOn study

I1 InIn a furtherftier split-runspht-run expenment,experiment, a number of scale Items were takentaken from thethe AmericanAmencan NatIOnalNational ElectIOnElectIon Study (ANES), and fielded on BGES 1992 Topics covered werewere defence spendmg, the role of government m welfare prowslonprovIsIOn and women’swomen's rightsnghts These WIllwrll be found on pp 21-23 of the mam questlonnamequestIOnnaire (Qs B 40-B 42)42)

22 Through participatIOnpartlclpatlon m the Cross-NatIOnalCross-National ElectIonElectIOn Project (CNEP), thethe researchresearch teamteam helped develop a number of questIOnsquestions on attentionattentIOn to the media and on personalpersonal networks These were fielded on the self-completIOnself-completion questlormalrequestIOnnaire (Qs 207-22 07-2 18) ThmThiS willwIII allow comparison with electorates m Germany, the USA, SpareSpam and Japan (check~(check')

VarzableVm-mble names

InIn mostmost cases variablevrmable names are based on questionquestIOn number and consist of questionquestIOn numbernumber preceded by thethe letter V Variables m the classificatIOnclassdicatlon sectionsectIOn at thethe end of thethe face-to-faceface-to-face mtervlewmtervlew are numbered from V901 (thus V901a, V901b V902a and so on), variables on thethe self-completIOnself-completlorr supplement are numbered from V201 (thus V202a, V201V201bb and so on) Other variablevariable names which do not follow the questIOn-numberquestion-number conventionconventIOn (such as occupationoccupatIOn andand classclass variables) should be self-explanatory

TheThe SPSS-xSPSS-X system file also contamscontains a small number of derweddenved variables These are hstedlisted 111m thethe CodeCodebookbook

OtherOther conventIOnsconventions employed

TheThe pnnclpalprmclpal ones employed were

I1 FIltersFalters or skmssklus At varIOusvarious pomtspoints m the survey, questIOnsquestions were asked of sub-samples of respondents,respondents, whIlewhale others were routed past such questIOnsquestions On a small number of variables morekmorelt one filterfilter operated sImultaneouslysimultaneously Cases whichwhIch were filtered out (or skipped)skIpped) areare defined as -1 (or -2 or -3) and are labelled “Skipped”"Skipped" The reasons for thethe skipSkIp areare alsoalso gIven,given, but often (smce(since space MIS limIted)hmlted) m a much shortened form

22 'Not‘Not answereds'answereds’ Where therethere are no data for a partIcularparticular variablevarIable (1 e some respondents dlddId notnot gwegIve aa responseresponse toto that questIOn),question), code 9 (or 99 or 999 or 9999) MIS used

33 'Don't‘Don’t knows'knows’

'Don't‘Don’t know'know’ responses are usually coded 8 (or 98 or 998)

ConstituencyConstituency numbers

11 All selectedselected constituencIesconstituencies Inm England, Wales and Scotland ha+.have been allocated theutheIr new and old Press AssocIatIOnAssoclatlon (PA) Number All selected constituenciesconstituenCIes can also be IdentdiedIdentified byby theutheIr old OPCS ConstItuencyConstituency Number All mosethose mIn England and Wales have also been allocated theIrtheu new OPCS Number But new OPCS ConstItuencyConstituency Numbers have not been assignedassIgned toto constituencIesconst]tuencles Inm Scotland, and so are ffiIssmgmmmg from the dataset Postcodmg

TheTheaddressesaddresses ofofallrespondentsall respondents have been postcoded The fullfuii postcode m,IS, for reasonsreasons of confidentialIty,confidentlahty, kept mma a separate file and only thepostcodethe postcode sector on each address hashas beenbeen added totothedatathe data setsetdeposlteddeposIted atatthethe Data ArchIveArchwe ThevarlableThe varIable name mXxxxXxxxIS XxxxXxxx (Brzdget,(Bndge/, please supply')supply~

VahdatlOnVulldatlon of turnout

Records forfor England and WaiesWales showmgshowing whIchwhich electors voted (or were registeredregIstered as postalpostal voters) aremekeptatkept at the Lord Chancellor'sChmcellor's Office mdfleavallableand are avaIlable forpubllcfor publIc ]nspectlonmspectIOn forfor upup totoayeara year after each electIOnelect]on AsAsmm the 1987 elect]onelectIOn study, where possiblepOSSIble we checked theme report matthat respondents mmEnEnglandgland and Wales gave about themtheIr turnout (“Did("DId you vote mthem the general electIOnelectlon on the 9th AprIlAprd ")“) agamstagainst the ofticlaloffiCIal records (see Swaddle and Heath, 1989)1989) ThISThis mformatIOnmformatlon has been added to the dataset (variable(varIable name Xx.mXtxxXxxxXxxx -Brzdget,-Bndget, help!)help~

InInprlnclple,prIncIple, SImIlarslmllarecordsrecords for ScotlandScotlmd aremedsoavallablealso avaIlable Since,Smce, however, they arenotare not heldnew centrally It ISM much more tIme-COnsumIngtime-consummg and costly to extend thisthIS exerciseexerCIse toto ScottishScottIsh respondents NonemelessNonethelesslt It waswasposslbletopOSSIble to vahdatetvalIdate urnout,turnout, by means of correspondence WIthwith Shenffs'Sheriffs’ Offices, for .xxxXr’X(Xt%)(XY"/o) of the 957 ScottishScottIsh electors on thethe achievedachIeved sample, and thesethese data too have been added to the dataset w~thWIth the same vrmablevarIable name 1sis thzsthl~ S07so:>

2. May 1993 REPSBEPS study

IntroductIOnIntroduction

InIn 1993,1993, the SCPRlNuffieldSCPR/Nuffield JomtJoint Umt submitted LtsItS grant apphcatlonapplIcatIOn toto the ESRC forfor a furtherfurther fivefive years of fundmgfunding for the JomtJoint Umt (JUSST)(mSST) As noted, the core actwltyactivIty of thethe Umt'sUmt’s next five years was to be regular rounds of mterwewsmtervlews withWIth respondents toto thethe 1992 BGESBGES’ cross-sectIOncross-sect]on survey If mlstlus strategy were to work, It seemed ImperatweImperative toto contact thesethese respondentsrespondents agamagain before too long a time has passed, so that theme embryomc panelpanel could be mamtamedmamtarned untlluntd fresh fundmgfunding had been secured There was concern also that a two-yemtwo-year 'data‘data gap'gap’ between rounds would be debIlItatmgdebdltatmg for the new panel survey We decideddecIded therefore,therefore, as part ofthe panel mamtenancemaintenance exerCIse,exercme, to collect a hrnltedlImIted amount of mformatlonmformatIOn about electors'electors’ perceptIOnsperceptions on a range of Issuesmsues mcludmg the state of the economy and theme competence (or otherwIse)otlrerwme) of the party leaders We also includedIncluded a few questionsquestIOns on votingvotmg m methe localloca[ electIOns,electlons, for those respondents to who had the chance to vote on 6th May

12 Sample andjkldworkfieldwork

The aimalm was to obtainobtam a completed quest]questlOnnalreormalre fromfrom as many as possiblepossible ofofrespondentsrespondents toto the 1992 BGES cross-sechoncross-sectlOn survey (mcludmg allail thethe respondentsrespondents mm thethe 19921992 ScottishScottishover-over sample)simple) All 3,534 respondents toto the 1992 survey werewere asked whetherwhether oror notnot theythey wouldwould be wlllmgwdhng to be re-mterwewed,re-mtervlewed, 3,057 sa]dsaid they would bebe wllhng,willing, whalewhile 477477 werewere unwdhngunwilling In the event, we wrote to all 3,534 respondents askingaskmg themthem toto complete aa veryvery shortshort (4-page)(4-page) postal questIonnairequestlonnaue m1n the hope that some of thosethose who had dechned anotheranother face-to-faceface-ta-face mtervlew would be wlllmgwdhng to help with a postal survey, and might thenthen remamremam m thethe panelpanel 'Wlllmg'‘Wdhng’ respondents were assigned to Sample A However those whowho had said theythey werewere unwillingunwdl mg (Sample B) were treated somewhat differently from thethe others theythey werewere gwengiventhethe chOicechoice ofof’'optmgopting out'out’ of the panel, they were not sent remmder letters, and none of themthem waswas followed up by telephone (a tactic we employed whWith thethe remamder of respondents)respondents)

All respondents were also sent a ‘tracing'tracmg form’form' which they were asked toto returnreturn after tlckmgtJckmg one of five boxes (A -E)

AIA I am the person whose name MIS on the label below, and II stallstill hvelive at thethe samesame addressaddi-ess Please send lItisthis form back wzthwith your questlonnamequestIonnaire

B. I am thiSthis person, but I have a new address Please givegwe your new address and telephone number below and enclose ~tIt wzthwithyouryour questionnairequestzonnarre

C. I am not the person whose name ISM on the label below, but I know hlslherhls/her new address Please gwe new address and telephone number below and enclose lt wfth your questIOnnairequestzonnawe

D. I am not thiSttus person, but I know someone who may be able toto help you locatelocate hnrhnniher.../her Please givegwe name and address ofcontact below and send the formform back

E. I am not thiSthis person and I cannot help you locate hunherhlm/her Please returnreturn thISthis form anyway wIthoutwithout jWmgfilllng Inm anythInganything else

ThoseThose IIIm SampleSample B were giveng]ven the opportumty to 'opt‘optout' out’ of the panel by tlckmgtJckmg a box on thethe tracmgtracing formform

'Willing'‘Wdhng’ samplesample members who had not responded after two weeks (n= 1,636) were sent a remmderremmder letter,letter, and (If(If theythey stillstall had not replied)rephed) they were sent a firrtherfurther remmder letter and anothersoother questJonnalfequestlormalre (n=(n= 1,358)1,358)

InIn 1992,1992, respondentsrespondents who agreed to a possible furtherftiher mtervlew were asked for a ‘stable'stable address',address’, thatthat ISM one throughthrough winchwhrch they might be contacted m future (typlcall(typicallyy a farmlyfamily membermember livmghvmg nearby, or a neighbour)nelghbour) We attempted to contact sample members who fadedfailed toto respondrespond at thethe stable address that they had givengwen us Where we had a new address, we followedfollowed respondentsrespondents upup toto thatthat new address

1313 InIn aa finalfinal efforteffort toto raIseraise response,response, thosethose respondents who had not repliedrephed at all by a certamcertain datedate butbut hadhad been wl1lingwrlhng toto bebe re-mtervlewed,re-mterwewed, and forfor whom we had a telephone number, werewere thenthen telephonedtelephoned andand where possible mtervlewedmterwewed Withwith an espeCiallyespecially adapted versIOnversion of thethe postal questlOnnauequestlonnane However, thethe postal questlOnnauequestlomame was deSigneddesigned Withw]th the possibilityposslbdlty ofof aa telephonetelephone follow-upfollow-up mm mmd,mmd, so thethe two versIOnsversions can be regarded as functIOnallyfunctionally eqUivalentequwalent ThiSThis phase ofof thethe surveysurvey began on 28th June Some successful tracmgtracing was also carnedtamed outout dunngduring thethe telephonetelephone phase The panel name and address file was updated Withwith allall newnew mformatlOnmformatlon fromfrom bothboth mtervlewers and respondents

ItIt should be noted that,of thetbe xxxx respondents re-contacted m 1993 and completmg a questlOnn81re,questlonrmre, xx (X(X per cent) had moved address These respondents have been aSSignedassigned codecode 1 inm varIablevariable }yfover93Mover93 on the dataset Bridge!Brzdget - could you supply ihesethe~e jlguresfigures?7

Response and attritIOnattrttlon

All of thethe 3,534 electors who were mtervlewedmterwewed m 1992 were sent a questlormaue,questlOnnaue, or an attemptattempt was made toto contact and mtervlewmterwew them over the telephone A total of 2,622 respondentsrespondents completed a questIOnnaire,questlonnau-e, an overall gross response rate of 747422 per cent

A nlnno thnl;,'!p ulhn ~orppr11n 1 QQ'J fn hp TP_lntpnTlPUlprl TPl;,'!nr\CP u..r~Q ';lohnnC't Q() (70 /;,'\ "PT pnf ~.L...L"'.LAmongo thoseu ..., who agreedO.L ~ .LLLm 1992././_ to'-'"' bev .LVre-mtervlewed,.l.lJ.LV , respose...,p...,.,. was.., almostJ..lJ."-'''''. 80VV \1./(79 6)vJ perp centin. TheThe response figures are summarIsedsmnmansed m the table below

Sample A Sample B Total WillIngWdbng to be UnwdhngUnwllhng to be re-mtervlewedre-mterwewed re-mterwewedre-mtervlewed No % No “/.% No “A%

Names Issuedmsued 3,057 477 3,534

IntervIewInterwew obtamedobtained - postal phase 2,0682,06s676 121 254 2,189 61961 9 - telephone phase 365119 68 143 433 123 TOTAL 2,433 796 189 396 2,622 742

Full detailsdetads are shown on Table 1I (Panel AttntlonAttntlOn by SpringSpnng 1993)

Response rates m England/Wales and Scotland were almost ldentlcalIdentical

EnglandlWale.EnglandlWalcs Scotland rotalrotal No % NONo % No %

Names Issued 2,579 955 3,534

InterviewIntervlew obtainedobtamed _~"..~I _h .... ,,"" I J::n" £00 605 622Vk k 584JO~ 612"V, 0k 2,189..::., J 0.7 619"V, n7 - telephone phase 315 122 118 124 433 123 TOTAL 1,920 744 702 735 2,622 742

Out of scope 127 49 41 43 168 48 UnproductweUnproductive

14 - refusal 66 64 72 7575 237237 6767 - non-contact 299 11511 5 I10404 109 403403 11411 4 - other reasons 68 26 3636 38 104104 2929 - TOTAL 533 207 212212 222222 745745 2121 11

The 734 telephone mterwewsIlltervlews took on average justJust underunder SIXSIX mmutesmlllutes toto completecomplete (Respondents were not asked to record how longlong ltIt tooktook themthem toto fillfill mIII thethe self-completionself-completIOn versIOn)vers]on )

SerzalSerial numbers

Respondents have the same (four-digit)(four-dlg]t) serialsenal number mIII 1993 as m1111992,1992, andand tlusthiS MIS thethe casecase for all rounds of BEPS Data from successwesuccessive waves can thusthus bebe merged byby serialsenal numbernumber

WelghtzngWezghtzng

As noted above, all (and not Justjust a proportion)proportIOn) ofofrespondentsrespondents includedmcluded mm thethe 1992 ScothshScottish booster sample were contacted agauragam m 1993 (and m all subsequent roundsrounds ofofBEP~BEPS) UsersUsers of the BEPS datasets must therefore use the welghtmg variablevanable WtFactor toto down-weightdown-weight thethe ScottishScothsh over-sample and so recreate a BrztzshBrztlsh sample Note thatthat thisthis we]ghtmgwelghtmg factorfactor waswas deSigneddesigned toto weight the number of respondents m each Standard RegionRegIOn m thethe 1992 surveysurvey toto thethe proportIOnsproportions of registeredregmtered electors m each RegionRegIOn m 1992 No additional welghtmgwelghtmg schemescheme has so farfar been deViseddewed to address the problem of differential attntlonattntlOn m thethe panelpanel overover thethe years

VarzableVarzable names

Variable names consist of two components a descnptwedescnptlve mnemomc followed byby a numbernumber mdlcatmgmdlcatmg thethe wave of the panel study (I(1 m 1992, 2 m 1993, and so on) Only questionsquestIOns wthWIth IdenticalIdentical or functIOnallyfinctlonally eqUivalenteqmvalent wordmgwording m successwesuccessive waves of thethe study are gwengiven comparablecomparable varIablevariable names

3.3. JuneJune 19941994 REPSBEPS study

IntroductIOnIntroduction

FundmgFunding forfor thethe Centre forfor Research mto ElectIOnsElectIons and Social Trends (CREST) was not m placeplace untiluntd thethe officialofficial start of the new Centre'sCentre’s programme m October 1994 However, thethe opportumtyopportumty toto re-mtervlewre-mtervlew panel members Immediatelymrmedlately after the European Parha.mentParliament electIOnselections onon 9th9th JuneJune thatthat year was Irresistiblemreslstlble So a 'bndgmg‘brldgmg grant’grant' was requested from thethe ESRCESRC toto covercover thethe gapgap (at(at leastleast m part) between the demise of JUSST at the end of March, 19941994 andand thethe begmnmgbeglmmg of October ThiSThis apphcatlOnapphcatlon was successful, and ]tIt was possible toto re-contactre-contact mm person respondentsrespondents who had last been mtervlewedmterwewed face-to-face two years earherearlier

1515 The samplesumple

Out of a baselInebasehne sample of 3,534 electors mtervlewed m 1992, the names of 3,145 werewere issuedIssued toto interviewersmterwewers inm June 1994 WIthdrawnWithdrawn from the sample were three categoriescategorIes of respondent who It was either Impossible, or Judgedjudged mapproprlate,mappropnate, toto vlsltVISit agauragam

•. Those we had been unable to trace m 1993 [n= 144]

•. Those found to melIglblemehglble (emigrated or d]ed)died) [n= 24]

•o Those who had m 1993 refused (on the telephone) to be mterwewedmtervlewed [=xx], or who had contacted the office after recelvmgrecewmg a postal questlomauequestlOnna.1re and asked notnot toto bebe re-approachedre-approached [n=[n= 221]

So thethe totaltotal elimmatedehmmated from the sample by the 1994 wave of mtervlewmg was 389

As m 1993,1993, the sample was divideddlwded mto 'Types',‘Types’, so that mtervlewers could vary theuthelf doorstep mtroductlOnsmtroductlons as appropnateappropriate These were

SampleSample Type

A In 1992 agreed to be re-mtervlewed,re-mterwewed, and took part m BEPS 1993, eithereIther byby post or by telephonetelephone (n= 2,562)

B In 1992 agreed to be re-mtervlewedre-mterwewed but dlddid not reply m 1993 (even after attempts toto contact them V/Gwu any 'stable‘stable address'address’ gwengiven (n= 270)

Cc In 1992 was unwIllIngunwdhng to be re-Illtervlewedre-mterwewed m future rounds, but took part mm BEPS m 1993, and diddld P@not ask to have theutheir name removed from the panelpanel hstlIst (n= 197)197)

D In 1992 was unwillIngunwdlmg to be re-mtervlewedre-mterwewed m future rounds, was wmttenwntten toto 1993, but we heard nothmgnothing from them (n= 116)

InIn addition,addltlon, everyone m the sample was sent a letter a few days before fieldwork was scheduledscheduled toto begmbegin The wordmgwording of the letter differed shghtlyslIghtly accordingaccordmg to sample typetype Most Importantly,Importantly, electors m Sample Type D were mvdedmVlted to ‘opt'opt m’Ill' to the survey byby nolifymgnotlfymg thethe office that they were Willingwdhng to take part againagam Unsurpnsmgly, only very few of thesethese respondents (3 out of 116) were successfully mterwewedmtervlewed

The'The ‘advanceadvance letter',letter’, as expected, generated some calls to the office, and relevant mformatlonmformatlOn suchsuch as new addresses, deaths and so on was passed to mterwewersmtervlewers Some formerformer respondentsrespondents wrote to or telephonedtelephonedtbethe office, askmgasking fortheufor their names to be withdrawnWithdrawn fromfrom thethe samplesample TheirThem names were removed from thethepanelhstpanel list

16 FzeldworkFzeldwork

AA small-scalesmall-scale pdotpilot waswas earnedcarned outout betweenbetween 5th5th andand llth11 th MayMay 19941994 FourFour mterwewersmtervlewers betweenbetweenthemthem tamedcarnedoutout 3737 mtervlews,mtervlews, selectedselected byby ‘quota’'quota' sahphngsamphng methods,methods, withWith controlscontrols bygender,by gender, ageandsoclalage and social classclass AfterwardsAfterwards thelntervlewersthe mtervlewers attendedattended adebrlefing,a debnefing, todlscussto diSCUSS thepdotthe pilot resultsresults withwith membersmembers ofofthereseachthe research teamteam

OnOn thethe mammam survey,survey, panelpanel members’members' namesnames andand addressesaddresses werewere IssuedIssued onon documentsdocuments calledcalled AddressAddress RecordRecord FormsForms (ARFs)(ARFs) WhereWhere aa stablestable addressaddress hadhad beenbeen prowded,provided, thisthiS waswas alsoalso includedmcluded IfIf thethe mterwewermtervlewer fadedfailed toto getget aa replyreply oror thethe respondent’srespondent's address,address, oror IfIf aa newnew householdhousehold hadhad movemove mm andand nono forwardingforwardmg addressaddress waswas avadable,available, thethe mterwewermtervlewer waswas allowedallowed tovmttheto VlSlt the stablestable addressaddress manattemptm an attempt totraceto trace thethe respondentrespondent

As m 1992, mtervlewers undertakingundertakmg assignments on thethe mam fieldwork phase were personally briefedbnefed by SCPR members of thethe BGESBGES researchresearch teamteam Fieldwork began on Monday June 13th, thethe dayafterday after theresultsthe results of thethe European PrullamentParhament electionselectIOns had been announced]announced133 AtotatofA total of 172 mterwewersmtervlewer~ undertook asslgmnentsassignments

InterwewersInterViewers were instructedmstructed to call at panel members’members' addresses at least four times, withWith calls spread out over different times of day, m theutheir attempts to find respondents at home In practice, manymoremany more calls thanthethan the mmlmumnumbermlUlmum number were made onlyOnly after repeated personal vmtsVISitS was contact by telephone allowed

As m 1992, there was a 're-Issue'‘re-issue’ phase, at which the names of elusweelUSive and uutlallyIUltlally reluctant respondents, and those who had moved out of theorlgmalthe ongmal mtervlewer’smtervlewer's area, were assigned to other mterwewersmtervlewers A total of 477 addresses were re-issuedre-Issued and mterwewsmtervlews were successfully carnedcamedoutout at 124 (26 perpercent)cent) of them TheThere-issuere-Issue phase raised response by fivetiveperper cent Of0ftie2,277the 2,277 face-to-face mtervlewslntewlews achieved, xxxxxxxx(mper(xx per cent) were carnedcmled out by the end of June 1994 and xxxx (xx per cent) by the end of July A further XX mtervlewsmterwews were achieved m August, almost all on the re-Issuere-issue phase Brzdget - couldcorddyouyou supply thesethese jgures?)figures?)

Response and attrztzonathvtlon

At somesome addresses, eveneven afterafter repeatedrepeated attempts, thethe mtervlewermter-wewer failedfaded toto contactcontact aa panel member mmpersonperson IfIfthemtervlewerthe mtervlewer knew, ororhadgoodhad good reasonreason toto suppose,suppose, thatthat thethepremlsespremises were occupiedoccupied thatthat casecase was passed toto SCPR'sSCPR’S TelephoneTelephone DUltUmt andand anan attemptattempt waswas made toto achieve aapartlalpartial mtervlewmtervlewwlthWith thatthat person Out of 5252 electorselectors whosewhosenames names werewere passed toto thethe DUlt,Umt, tenten werewere mtervlewedmterwewed’”14 ResponseResponse figuresfigures areareasas followsfollows

13“ MostMosl,nlcrvtcwcrsinterviewers hadhadbeenb..nbr,cfedbriefed durmgd.r,ngtiethe precedmgpr.ced,ngweekweek However,l+owcver,wewewcmmx,o.swere anxIous aboutabo.kheso-.all.dthe so-called bandwagon'bandw?scm’effectcffectonon responsesresponseslo10theUmq.cstmnsquestions ononvotmgvotingbehaVIOur,behwm.r,andandsosoinsistedmwkd lhathatallallrespondentsr.spondcntsshouldshouldbebeinterviewedmtew,.wed.llerafter thetheresultsres.1~hadhadbeenb... announcedmno.m.d

I'"I, Smces,”ce neither.e,ther thetbe.~ca[c,'scales booklet'hookl~t. nOf.o, thetb, self-completion,.lf..ompltt,o. questionnaireq..st,...a,r. couldcould beb.adm!ntsleredadministered over.vcrtl,cthe telephone,tcl.Pllo.c. these~.s., interviewsnbrv1ewshadhad toto bebe.lemfmdcla

1717 No

Is~uedIssued 52 Out-of-scopeOut-of~scope to interviewermterwewer - wrong telephone number 4 - dead 1 Total out-of-scope out-o f-scoue 2> Total Inmscouescope g47

InterviewedInterwewed (partial)(partlal) !Q~ Not interviewedmterwewed ~37 - Personal refusal 13 ~- never availableavadable 6 - away/mawaylm hospitalhospaal 3 - incapacitatedmcapac]tated 3 - proxy refusal 2 - broke appointment 2 - IIIIll 2 - otberother 6

Summary response figures, broken down bySample Type, are shown IDm the next table

Sample Type A B CID T%lTotal

No %“% No% “/. No %?’6 No %

Names Issued 2,562 270 313 3,145

Interviewlnterwew obtamedobtained - face-to-face 2,0172,0 I7786 137 507 113 36361I 2,267 721 72 I - telephone 10 05 10 03 - TOTAL 2,027 791 137 507 113 36 I 2,2772.277722

Full detatlsdetadsareare shown on Table 22(Panel(Panel AttntlOnAttrltlonbyby SprIDgSpring 1994)

TheTheresponseresponse rate IDlnEngland/WalesEngland/Wales wasallttlewas a little hlgherthmhigher than that achieved IDm Scotland

EnglandlWalesEngland~ales Scotland Total No % No %0/0 No %

Names Issued 2,322 823 3,145

InterviewIntetwew obtamedobtained - face-ta-faceface-to-face 1,684 725 583 708 2,267 721 72 I - telephone 7 03 3 04 10 03 - TOTAL 1,691[,691 728 586 712 2,277 724

Out of scope 129 55 50 661 I 179 57 Unproductive - refusal 415 179 144I44 17517S 559 178

18 -- non-contact 193 83 83 101ID I 276 88 - other reasons 23 10 10 12 33 10I 0 - TOTAL 631 272 212 258 843 268

Full detadsdetaJ1s are shown on Table 2 (Panel AttrltlonAttntlOn by SpringSpnng 1994)

Average face-to-face mtervlewIntervIew lengthlength was45was 45 mmutesmInutes

SerralSerial numbers

Respondents have thesme(four-dlglt)the same (four-digit) serlalnumbersenal number lnl994aslnIn 1994 as m 1993 andmand m 1992, even though they mlghthavemight have moved smcethewsmce their first lnterwewmtervlew SodatafromSo data from successwewavescrmsuccessive waves can be merged by semdsenal number

WeIghtingWezghtmg

AsalreadyAs already noted, all(mdnotall (and not justJust aproportlon)a proportIOn) ofrespondentsof respondents lncludedlnIncluded In the 1992 Scottish booster sample were contacted againagaIn m 1993 and 1994 (and mIn all subsequent rounds of REPS)BEPS) Users of the BEPSBEPSdatasetsdatasets must therefore usetbewelghtmguse the welghtmg variable WtFactorWtF’actortoto down-weight the ScottishScothsh over-sample and so recreate a lhtlshBrztlsh sample Note that thiSthm welghtmg factor wasdeslgnedtowas desIgned to welghtweight the number ofofrespondentsrespondents Inmeacheach Standard RegIOnRegion Inm the 1992 survey to the proportionsproportIOns of registered electors Inm each RegIOnRegion Inm 1992 No additIOnaladditional weightIngwelghtmg scheme has so far been devised to address the problem of differential attntlOnattntlon m the panel over the yearsyeai’s

VarzableVariable names

VariableVmable names consist of two components a descnptlvedescnptwe mnemomc followed by a number mdlcatmg the wave of the panel study (l(1 m 1992, 2 Inm 1993, 3m 1994 and so on) Only questIOnsquestions with Identical or functIOnallyfunctionally eqUIvalenteqmvalent wordmgwording Inm successive waves of the study are given comparable variablevamable names (I;(1s thISkm rzght?)

6. May 1995 REPSBEPS study

IntroductIOnIntroduction

As on the first BEPS study m 1993, fieldwork was scheduled to begmbegin Immediatelyunmedlately after the May local councJ1councd electIOnselectlons Inm England and Wales, m 1995 held on May 4th'54th’s Not all respondents had the opportunityopportumty to vote, of course, but for those with local electIOnselectlons m then

15‘5 UnfortullaLelyUnf.rt.mldyfrom fmmBEPS POintpointof View,wew. Inm 19951995 thethe local!omlelectIonselectronsInmScotland were heldhdd a monthmmth earlier,earhcr,on Apnl6thApril 6th

1919 areaarea thethe tlmmgtlmmg of the survey maximisedmammlsed the chance of respondents rememberingremembenng whether or not theythey had voted, and (If they had) the party for which they had cast theu ballot

TheThe sample

Out of a baselinebasehne sample of 3,534 electors mtervlewed m 1992, a total of 2,905 (82(8222 per cent) were Judgedjudged worthwhtleworthwhde to contact agam,again, with some prospect of achlevmg successful mtervlews The 629 electors whose names were not Issued to mtervlewers m May 1995 fell mto thesethese four categonescategories

•. Those found to be no longer ehglble (emigrated or died) [n= 62]

•. Those we had been unable to trace m 1993 or 1994 [n= 285]

•. Those who had m 1993 refused (on the telephone) to be mtervlewed , or whowho hadhad contacted the office after recelvmgrecewmg a postal questlonnawequestIOnnaire and asked not toto bebe re-re approached [n=[n= 238]

•. Those who were contacted m 1994 but, for variousvarIOus reasons such as chromechromc mcapaclty, were not thought sUitablesrutable for continuedcontmued paoelpanel membership [n = 44]

As m earlierearher years, the sample was divideddmded IOtamto ‘Types’'Types' (this time four) But m contrast toto thethe 19941994 round of fieldwork, some panel members were ass]gnedassigned UntlallyImtJaiiy to the Telephone Umt rather than bemgbeing Issued straightaway for face-ta-faceface-to-face mterwewmtervlew The four Sample Types were asas followsfollows

IssuedIssued for face-to-face mtervlewmterwew

Sample Type 1 InterviewedInterwewed m 1994, and stated theirtheu wllhngnesswlllmgness (m prmclple,pnnclple, at I least)east) to take part againagaln [n = 2,12, 11111]]

Sample Type 2 Not contacted m 1994, or temporallytemporarJly unavadableunav31lable for mtervlewmterwew [n = 114]114]

IssuedIssued for mltlaluutlal telephone contact

SampleSample Type 3 InterviewedInterwewed m 1994 but, when asked, saidsaJd that they would ratherrather we dIddldnot contact them again,agam, or dlddid not answer thisthiS questionquestIOn [n[n== 169]

SampleSample Type 4 Agreed to re-mtervlew,re-mterwew, followingfollowmg the 1992 survey, but refusedrefused m either 1993 or 1994 [n = 511]

Thus a totaltotal of 2,228 cases were Issuedmsued to the mtervlewers carryingcarrymg out face-to-faceface-ta-face mtervlewmgmterwewmg assignments, and 677 cases were Issued m the first instancemstance to thethe Telephone UTIltUmt

20 Face-to-face mtervlewmter-wew phase

Advance letterletter Everyone Inm the face-to-face mtervlewmter-wew sample (Sample Types 1I and 2) was sent a letter a few daysdays before fieldwork was scheduled to begmbegin The ‘advance'advance letter’,letter', as urIn earherear1ler rounds,rounds, generated somesome calls to the office, and relevant mformatlOnmformatlon such as new addresses, deaths and soso onon was passed to Interviewersmterwewers Some former respondents wrote to or telephoned the office, askingasking forfor t.~elftheu n3..L~esnames to be wlt.1.dra~'I1withdrawn from the samplesro'11ple TheuTheir namesna..-nes were removed fromfrom thethe panel 1Isthst

~ j1,.A small-scale pIlotpdot \-vaswas carnedtamed out Inm i~:>.pnlAprd 1995 to test the small numbernUL"tJ1ber of new questions bemgbeing mtroducedintroduced to the survey senesseries (on the Images of the leaders of the mam pohtlcalpolitical partiesparties andand somesome extra Itemsitems m the claSSificatIOnclassification sectIOn)section) The two pdotpilot mtervlewersInterviewers between themthem carnedearned out 3030 mtervlews,mter-wews, respondents bemgbeing selected by ‘quota’'quota' samphngsamp1lng methods Fieldwork tooktook place between 29th March and 3rd ApnlApril On 4th AprdApnl the mterwewersmtervlewers attended a debnefingdebriefing andand discussed the pilotpdot results with members of the research team

MaInMam fieldworkfieldwork On thethe mam survey, panel members'members’ names and addresses were as before Issued on documents called Address Record Forms (ARPs)(ARFs) IrutmlcontacthIrutial contact adtobebhad to be ypersonalwslt,by personal VISit, exceptexcept m remote areas of northern and western Scotland where first contact by ‘phone'phone was encouraged toto reduce the nskrmk ofwasted Journeysjourneys Where a stable address had been provided,prOVided, thiSthis was also mcludedincluded If the mtervlewermterwewer failedfaded to get a reply or therespondent’sthe respondent's address, or IfIf aanewnew household had rnovedmoved mmrmdand no forwardmgforwarding address wasavarlable,was aVa.Jlable, the mtervlewer was allowed to VISitwslt the stable address m an attempt to trace the respondent

As m prevIOusprewous years, mtervlewersmterwewers undertakmgundertaking assignmentsasslgmnents on the mam fieldwork phase werewere personally bnefedbriefed by SCPRSCPRmembersmembers ofthe BEPBEPSresearchteamS research team Fieldwork began on FridayFnday May 5th, thethe day after the local electIOnselectlons IIIm England and Wrdes’6Wales'6 A total of 149 mtervlewers undertook assignments

InterviewersInter-wewers were Instructedinstructed to call at panel members'members’ addresses at least four times, and spreadspread out over different tImestimes of day, IIIm theirthem attempts to find them at home inIn practice, many more calls than the mlmmummnnmum number were made Only after repeated personal wsltsVISitS was contact by telephone allowed

AgalllAgain therethere was a 're-Issue'‘re-issue’ phase, at whIchwhich the names of elusweelUSive and nutlallyIllltially reluctant respondents,respondents, and those who had moved out of the orlgmalongmal mterwewer’sinterviewer's area, were assigned toto otherother interviewersmterwewers In all 284 addresses were re-issued,re-Issued, and at 86 (30 per cent) of thesethese successfulsuccessful mtervlewsmterv~ews were carnedcarmed out Re-IssumgRe-]ssmng raised the net response rate by fourfour per cent The great maJontymaJorlty of mtervlewsmterwews were carnedearned out by the end of May 1995 (Bridget(Bndget ould you run thethe data by month of mtervlewmterwew so we can be more precmeT)precise?) Of the 1,843 (check!)(chec,kfl face-to-faceface-to-face mtervIewsmterv]ews achieved, xxxx (xx per cent) were carmedcarned out by the end of

16‘6MmtMost InterViewers,nt.rvlew.rshad beenbccnbrleftdbriefed dUringd.r,n~lhethe weekw..koflh.of the electIOnSclect,ons How.vcr.However. wewemanx,ouswe were anxIous abo.lth.about the so-called`bandwag.n'.fTect'bandwagon' effect Oilm responsesmspmscslOL.ll,.the questIonsq.est,o.sonvot$ngon voting behaVIOur,heh?.vnwr,.ndand som mSlsted,n~,st.dthatlhat.ilall. mspondcnesl,ouldberespondents should be mlcrwcwedmtervlcwed nftermosloftb.after most of the result-$results hadhnd beenbe.ndecl?.reddeclared

21 MayMay 19951995 andandxxxxxxxx (xx(xxpercent)per cent) bybytheendthe end of June AfurtherA further xxmterwewswxx mtervlews ereachlevedwere achieved mm afterafter thiS,this, dunngduring thethe re-Issuere-msue phase

AverageAverage mtervlew lengthlength was 45 mmutes (check(check~)I)

TelephoneTelephone intervIewmterwewphasephase

TheThe mammam tasktask of thethe Telephone Umt was to persuade as many electors as possible m Sample TypesTypes 33 and 4 to agree to a face-to-face mterwewmtervlew But If the telephone mterwewermtervlewer establishedestabhshe thatdthatththe sampleesamplemernbermember would not agree to aface-to-facea face-to-face mterwew,mtervlew, anmterwewan mtervlew couldcould- - Iflftherespondentthe respondent waswaswdhng-becamedwlllmg - be carned out on the ‘phone'phone The preference was, ofof course,course, forforaface-to-facea face-to-face mtervlewmterwew aatelephonetelephonemtervlew could beonlypartlallybe only partially completed, smcesince the'the ‘scalesscales questIOns'questions’ and the self-completIOnself-completlon questlonnamequestlOnnalfe could not beadmuusteredbe admmlstered overover thethe 'phone‘phone

TheTheproceduresprocedures adopted by the Telephone UmtUnit were these

•. ForFor members of Sample Types 3 and 4 If the sample member agreed toto an mtervlew, thethe fieldfield mtervlewer was sent detailsdetads on a green Address Record Form (ARF),(ARP), togethertogether Withwith an mtroductoryintroductory letter D to show on the doorstep, along withWith anyany mformatlOnmformatlon given by the respondent about hmhis or her avadabdltyavailability

•. ForFor members of Sample Type 3 Iflf the sample member dlddid not have a correct telephonetelephone number, no furtherfwther attempt was made to mterwewhlmmtervlew him or her

•. ForFor members of Sample Type 4 attempts were made to trace any incorrectmcorrect ‘phone'phone numbers,numbers, but Iflf that failed,faded, the field mtervlewer was sent details of thatthat person on aa redreaddressAddress Record Form, and the panel member was sent rman advance letterletter Ctx@rC tngJ thethe post

AnyAny stablestable addressaddress and telephone number mformatlOnmformatlon volunteered by the respondent m earherearlier roundsrounds was alsordso on the ARPARF and could be used to try to trace panel members, lfIf other methodsmethods failedfaded

ResponseResponse andand attritIOnattrttlon

SummarySummary responseresponse figures,figures, broken down by Sample Type, are shown m thethe next tabletable

Sample Type A B Cc D TotalTotol

No %Y. No %94 No Y.% No % No “%%

NamesNames IssuedIssued 2,111 114 169 511 2,905

InterviewIntetvew obtamedobtained - face-to-faceface-to-face 1,773I,773 840 47 412 2 112 2 22 43 1,844 635 -- telephonetelephone 45 21 2 I18 8 32 189 69 135 148 515 1

22 -- TOTALTOTAL 1,8181,818 868611 49 430 34 20 I 91 178 1,992 686

FullFull detailsdetadsare are shown on Table 22(Panel(Panel Attr]t]onbyAttritIOn by SpringSpnng 1994

AsAs m 1994,1994, thethe response rate Inm England/Wales was a httlelIttle higher thanthan thatthat achieved mIn ScotlandScotland

EnglandlWalesEnglandAYales Scotland Total

No %“/. No “/0% No “/0%

Names IssuedIssued 2,143 762 2,905

IntervIewInterwew obtained -- face-ta-faceface-to-face 1,371 640 473 62621I 1,844 635 -- telephonetelephone 104 49 44 58 148 515 1 - TOTAL 1,475 688 517 678 1992 686

Outout of scopescope 129 55 50 616 I I17979 57 UnproductiveUnproductwe -- refusalrefusal 415 179 144I 44175 559 178 -- non-contact 193 83 83 10101I 276 88 -- other reasonsreasons 23 1 10 0 10 12 33 101 0 -- TOTAL 63163 I 272 212 258 843 268

FullFull details areareshownonshown on TableTable3 3 (Panel AttntlOnAttmtlonby by SpringSpnng 1995)

SenalSerzal numbers

RespondentsRespondents have thethesamesame (four-digit)(four-dlglt) senalsenalnumbermnumber In 1994 asmas In 1993 andmand In 1992, even thoughthough theythey mightmlghthavehave moved SIncesmcetheuthen first mterwewInterview SodatafromSo data from successwesuccessive waves cancan bebemergedbyserlalmerged by senal number

WelghtmgWezghtmg

AsAs alreadyaheady noted, all (and not Justjust a proportIOn)proportion) of respondents includedIncluded mIn thethe 1992 ScothshScottish booster samplesample were contacted agaInagain Inm 1993 and 1994 (and mIn all subsequent roundsrounds ofof BEPS) Users of the BEPSBEPSdatasetsdatasets musttherefore usethewelghtlnguse the weightIng vmlablevariable WtFactortoWtFactor to down-weightdown-weight thethe Scottish over-sample and so recreate a BrvtzshBntlsh sample Note thatthat ttusthiS welghtmgwelghtmg factorfactor waswasdeslgnedtodeSigned to weightwelghtthethe number of respondents meachIn each Standard RegionRegIOn Inm thethe 19921992 surveysurvey to the proportIOnsproporhons of registered electors mIn each RegionRegIOn mIn 1992 NoNo additionaladditional weightIngwelghtmg scheme has so farfm been dewseddeVised to address the problem of dlfferentmldifferential attntlOnattntlon Inm thethe panel over the years

VanableVariable name:,name~

VariableVariable names consist of two components a descnptIvedescnptwe rnnemomcmnemOnIC followed by a number IndicatIngmdmatmg thethe wave of the panel study (l(1 Inm 1992,21992, 2 mIn 1993, 3 mIn 1994 and so on -- checkl)check!) OnlyOnly questIOnsquestions Withwith Identicalldentlcal or functIOnallyfrmctlonally eqUivalenteqmvalent wordingwordIng mIn successwesuccessive waves ofofthethe studystudy areare given comparable variable names

23 44 October 1995 BEPS study

IntroductIOnIntroduction

AfterAfter summersummer 1995,1995, REPS&!WS surveys were scheduled to take place not annually as before, but everyevery SIXSIXmonths,months, leadmgleading up to the next general electIOnelectlon In earher rounds the tlmmgtlmmg of thethe locallocal councilcouncdand European electIOnselectlons had dictated the timetable, sincesmce the CREST teamteam were anXIOUSanx]ous toto explore not only attitudes,athtudes, but also voting behavlourbehaviour There was no comparable~umparable constramtconstraint upon thethe tlmmgtlmmg of the autumn rounds There NIS some ewdence,eVidence, however, thatthat thethe saliencesahence ofof party confrontatIOnconfrontation can encourage response to surveys on party pohtlcs,politics, [Is{Is thmthis so?]so 7] SoSO ItIt was decided toto put the autumn 1995 wave mto the field Immediately after thethe close of ui.ethe u1.en-currentthen-current party conference season

For reasonsreasons of economy, and to preserve the panel, dIt was demdeddeCided to field only a very short questlOnnalfequestlonnaue to be answered over the telephone or, If that method faded,failed, toto send panel members a functIOnallyfunctionally eqUivalenteqmvalent questIOnnairequestionnaire through the post The relatively small number of respondents who were not on the telephone were, at the outset of fieldwork,fieldwork, sent aa questlOnnaHequestlonnane throughthrough thethe post

TheThe sample

ByBy thethe tImetime that the October 1995 fieldv;crkfieldwork round approached, the 1992 basehnebaseline samplesa..l11ple of 3,5343,534 electorselectors had dlmmlsheddlmnnshed to 2,378 whose names could, m the research team’steam's]udgement,judgement, be kept m the sample Withwith some prospect of a successful outcome In the event, thethe names ofof 2,1472,147 samplesample members were Issued for nutlalImtlal contact by telephone and 230 for mltmlImtlal contactcontact by post Those who we failedfaded to contact on the telephone, or who saidSaid thatthat theythey would prefer to fill Inm a questlOnnaHequestlonnane themselves, were later added to the postal sample

As m earlierearher fieldwork rounds, panel members were diVideddlvlded mto ‘'SampleSample Types’,Types', on thethe basisbasiS ofof theirthem statusstatus on earher r01.mdsrounds of REPSBEPS ThiSThis time there were five The first threethree had telephonetelephone numbers and theHthem names were Issuedissued to the Telephone Umt, and the lastlast twotwo were not onon thethe telephone (or diddldnot divulge theirtheH number) were sent a self-completionself-completIOn questIOnnairequestlormaue

SampleSample Type Status

1.1. On the 'phone‘phone and mtervlewedmterwewed m spnngspring 1995

2 OnOn the 'phone‘phone and not contacted m sprmgspring 1995

3 On the 'phone‘phone but refused m spnngspring1995, but dlddid not mdlcate that they dlddid not want to be contacted agamagain

4. No aVailableavadable tettel no but mterviewedmterwewed m springspnng 1995

55 No aVailableavarlable tel no and refused or were not contacted m springsprmg 1995

24 AgaIn,Again, IntervIewersmterwewers from the Telephone UrntUmt tnedtried to find the nekneW address of any respondent who had moved, or (falhng(fading that) attempted to make contact wkhWIth someone at thethe stable address, IfIf one had been provIdedprowded

FIeldworkFieldwork

All IntervIewersmtervlewers Inm the Telephonetelephone UmtUrnt were personally briefedbnerecl byby members ofor thethe SCPR research teamteam Inm three seSSIOnssessions Inm the afternoon of FridayFnday 13th October, justJust after thethe lastlast speech at thethe last of the 1995 party conferences InterwewmgInterVIewIng began unmedlatelyImmedIately after that,that, and thethe researchers stayed to hsten to some of the early mterwewsIntervIews to check thatthat there werewere no problems WIthwrth the questIOnnaIrequestlonnaue

A totaltotal of xx IntervIewersmtervlewers undertook assignments, each carryingcarryIng out a total of x.xxx mtervlewsIntervIews Of thethe 1,7671,767 successfully achIeved,achieved, xxxx were conducted by Sunday 15th October, and a furtherfurther xxx WIthInmthm one week ofthe bnefingbriefing The remammgremaInIng xxx were earnedcarned out between 20th October and thethe’ 'cut-offcut-off day'day’ for the telephone mtervleWIngmtervlewrng phase (November 7th) BrzdgetBrldget- please fill@[l Inm the gaps ifIf you can

As noted, 230 respondents could not be Includedincluded mIn the telephone sample, as they were eithereIther not on thethe 'phone,‘phone, or were ex-dIrectoryex-drectory or had not discloseddIsclosed theutheIr number These werewere claSSIfiedclassified as belongIngbelonging to Phase 1 of the postal sample Early non-contacts fromfrom thethe telephonetelephone sample,sample, and those who asked for a postal questlomame,questIOnnaIre, comprisedcompnsed Phase 2 of thethe postal samplesample In the course of fieldwork, Phase 3 was added, compnsmgcomprising those respondents whom telephonetelephone IntervIewersmtervlewers were stIllstall tryIngtrying to contant between the orlgmalongInal telephone IntervIewmterwew 'cut-of‘cut-of date of 24th October and the rewsedreVIsed ‘cut-off'cut-off date of 7th November

Response and attritIOnaitrztzon

Ofthethe 2,147 panel members whose names were Issued to mterwewersIntervIewers mIn thethe Telephone Urut,Umt, 1,7671,767 were successfullysuccessfidly IntervIewed,mterwewed, a gross response rate ofof838333 per cent Of the 230 panel members WIthoutwithout a telephone who were sent a self-completIOnself-completion questlonnalre,questIOnnaIre, 111III returnedretllfned ItIt completed, a gross response rate of 484833 per cent

Response toto the postal component of the autllL'tJlnautumn1995 round of the survey vrmed,varIed, as expected, qUIteqmte conSIderably,considerably, as the follOWIngfollowing table shows

SummarySummary response figures, broken down by Sample Type, are shown mIII the next table Sample Type 1/4 2 3 5 Total

No %“A No %Y. No Y.% No. % No “%%

Names IssuedIssued 1,993 118 168I68 99 2,378

QuestionnaireQuestlonname completedcompleted -- telephonetelephone 1,648 827 44 373 75 446 1,767 743 -- postaipostal 197 98 17 i44 144 19 113i 13 21 2122j 2 254 107 -- TOTAL 1,845 923 61 51 5177 94 560 21 21221 2 2,021 850

25 Full detadsdetails are shown on Table 4 (Panel AttntlonAttntlOn by Autumn 1995)

As earlierearher rounds, the response rate mIn England/Wales was a littlehttle higher than that achieved In]n Scotland

EnglandlWalesEnglandIWales Scotland Total No % No % No %

Names Issued 1,771I ,771 607 2,378

InterVIewInterwew obtamedobtained - telephone 1,333 753 434 71571 5 1,767 743 - postal I\8686105 68 112\12 254 107 - TOTAL 1,519[,519 858 502 827 2,021 850

Out of scope 26 55 19 61 45 19[9 UnproductiveUnproductwe - refusal 72 41 37 6 61 I 109 46 - non-contact 112 63 38 63 150 63 - other reasons 42 24 11tl 118 8 5322 - TOTAL 226 128 86 142 312 13 131I

Full detadsdetails are shown on Table 4 (Attrltlon(AttntlOn by October 1995)

SerialSenal numbers

Respondents have the same (four-dlglt)(four-digit) senalserial number Inm thisthiS round of BEPS as mIn the earlierearher rounds, even though they might have moved SIncesince theuthen fhstfirst mterwewInterview So data from successive waves can be merged by senalserial number

WelghtmgWezghtmg

As already noted, all (and not Justjust a proportionproportIOn of)o~ respondents includedIncluded Inm the 1992 Scottish booster sample were contacted agaInagain Inm all subsequent rounds of BEPS) Users of the BEPS datasets must therefore use the welghtmgweightIng vrmablevariable WtFactor to down-weight the Scottish overover- samplesimple and so recreate a BrltzshBntlsh sample Note that thmthiS welghtmgweightIng factor was deSigneddesigned to we]weightght the number of respondents Inm each Standard RegionRegIOn m the 1992 survey to the proporhonsproportIOns of registered electors mIn each RegIOnRegion Inm 1992 No additionaladditIOnal welghtmgweightIng scheme has so far been deViseddewsed to address the problem of dlfferentmldifferential attntlOnattntlon Inm the panel over the years

VanableVariable names

VariableVanable names consist of two components a descnptIvedescriptive rnnemomcmnemOnIC followed by a number mdlcatmgIndicatIng the wave of the panel study (I(1 mIn 1992,21992, 2 mIn 1993, 3 mIn 1994 [what about the two rounds m 1995?] and so onOnly questionsquestIOns with Identical or functIOnallyfirnctlonally equwalenteqUivalent wordingwordIng mIn successivesuccesswe waves of the study have been givengwen comparable vrmablevariable names

26 ANNEXANNEX II

TheThe 1992 PanelPanel SurveysSurveys

1. IntroductionIntroductIOn

RespondentsRespondents toto thethe 1987 BGESBGESCross-sectIonCross-sectIOn surveysurvey prowdedprovided thethe samplesample forfor thethe 1992 PanelPanel surveys The ~maim was toto mterwewmtervlew as marrymany of themthem as could be traced”,traced '7, once by telephonetelephone duringdunng thethe electlonelectIOn campaign (that(that M,IS, between 19 March and 8 AprdApnl mcluswe),mcluslve), again by telephonetelephone urm thethe days unmedlatelyImmediately after thethe electlonelectIOn (10(10 toto 14 AprdApnl mcluswe),mcluslve), and finallyfinally face-to-faceface-to-face m thethe weeks followingfollowmg thethe electlonelectIOn

2 TracingTracmg panel members

Of the 3,826 respondents to the 1987 survey, 363 said they were unwdhngunwlllmg to be re-re interviewedmtervlewed and so were excluded from the 1992 Panel survey Attempts were made to trace all the remammg 3,463 respondents There were four tracingtracmg stages The first stage took place over May and June 1991, when respondents were sent a letter and form askingaskmg whether or not they would be wdlmgWilling to be re-mterwewedre-mtervlewed at the time of the forthcomingforthcommg general electlon,electIOn, and checkingcheckmg theutheir current address and telephone number The form provided space for those who had moved sincesmce 1987 to enter theutheir new address, or a new contact address

The second stage of the exermseexercise took place over June and July 1991 when those from whom we had received no reply were sent a 'remmder'‘remmder’ letter and form Those for whom we had been gwengiven a new address or new contact address at stage 1I of the tracingtracmg exercise,exerCise, or where a contact address had been supphedsupplied IIIm 1987, were also sent forms

At the thirdthmd stage those respondents from whom a reply stillstall had not been receivedrecewed were telephoned over October and November 1991 If a telephone number had not been prOVided,provided, we endeavouredendeavored to trace It Fmally,Finally, at the fourth stage m February 1992, all respondents who we had succeeded m contactmgcontacting over the first three stages were sent a postcard m order to mamtam contact and to check for any recent changes of address

As a result of thiSthm exerCise,exercise, the names of 1,631 respondents Withwith known telephone numbers were Issued for the telephone campaign and post-electIOnpost-electlon survey waves, and 2,062 (mcludmg those Withoutwithout telephones, or whose '‘phonephone numbers we could not trace, remamed m the sample for a face-to-face mtervlew after the general electIOnelectlon

17I, Unfortunately“nfonunatc,y fundmg~und,ng wasWU not.Ot available,V,,W. toto mountm.,.t, a panel~..d studyw.dy followmgfdkwmg thetic 19871987 generalgeneral election,.Ie.tw soso ItILwasW.s not..t pOSSiblewsslblc toto keepkeep In‘n touchtouchWithw,th panelpm.1 membersmembersuntilmt,l fundmgf.ndmgwaswasInmplaceplace Inm 1991199 I forforthekhcpanelpmd studystudy the!he followmgfollowing yeary..r

2828 .

3 The campaign andand post-elect]onpost-election telephonetelephone surveyssurveys

The campmgncampazgn survey

A small-scale pre-test of thethe campargncampmgn surveysurvey ofof thethe questlomalrequestIOnnaire waswas earnedcarned outout mm December 1991 FweFive mtervlewers workingworkmg atat SCPRSSCPR's TelephoneTelephone InterwewInterviewUmtUmtearnedcarnedoutout a total of 32 mterwewsmtervlews among aa sample ofofrespondentsrespondents toto thethe 19911991 BrrtrshBrctlsh SoczalSocialAttztudesAttitudes survey As a result,resuit, thethe questlormalrequestIonnaIre waswas shortenedshortened considerablyconsIderably toto meetmeet ltsItstargettargetlengthlengthofof around SIX mmutes

The electIOnelectlon was called on Wednesday 11 MarchMarch The campaigncampaign surveysurvey beganbegan onon ThursdayThursday 19 MarchNiarch and continuedcontlnued untduntIl Wednesday 8 Aprd,Apnl, thethe day beforebefore polhngpolling day,day, gwmggiVing threetJll"ee full weeks of mter-wewmgmtervlewmg (excluding(excludmg Sundays) FieldworkFieldwork waswas earnedcarned outout byby membersmembers ofof the Telephone Umt by 12 trainedtramed SCPR mtervlewers Each panelpanel membermember waswas allocatedallocated toto one of the eighteen mterwewmgmtervlewmg days, the 1st,I st, 19th, 37th37th etcetc personperson beingbemg allocatedallocated toto DayDay I,1, the 2nd, 20th, 38th etc person to Day 2 and so on In practice,practrce, numbersnwnbers forfor eacheach dayday werewere made up from subsequent days’days' batches to compensate for respondents whowho werewere unavadableunavailable or unwlIlmgunwdhng to be mtervlewed on themtheir allocated day In addltlon,additIon, mterwewersmtervlewers continuedcontmued throughout the fieldwork penodperiod to try to contact and mtervlew thosethose mdmdualsmdlvlduals notnot contactedcontacted on t.'elfthen allocated day

An.&n average of 74 mtervlews was carriedcarned out each day The gross responseresponse raterate forfor thethe campaign survey was 81 per cent (n = 1323), and the net response rate was 89 perper centcent

The post-electIOnpost-electron study

The 1,3231,323 respondents who had been successfully mterwewedmtervlewed m thethe campaign survey were telephonedtelephoned agmnagain after thethe electIOnelectlon and asked to givegwe a further (2-3 mmute) mterwew’8mtervlew 18 AA totaltotal ofof 1,2031,203 mtervlewsmterwews was achieved, representmgrepresenting 96 per cent of the Issued sample The mmalm waswas toto conduct mtervlews Immediatelyimmediately after the electIOnelectlon In the event, most of the mtPTV1P:U!lno (Rn np.r f".pntl w~c;: C',::IIT1P.c1 out on Fnn::lv 10 AnTII the etav folloWlnQ" the "'~""""."""'.'.L""/:l'~""l'""-&mtervlewmg (80 per cent)__.L&"'; was.'-~-~-"----"~------.Jearned out on Friday 10----r---j----Aprd, the day--.I following------1;='----the electloneJectIon------FourteenFourteen per cent of respondents were mtervlewed on the second day after the electlon,electIOn, withWIth thethe remammgremanung 6 per cent of mtervlews takmgtaking place between 12th and 14th AprilApnl

18‘8 WIthW,(II thethe exceptionexception ofof 717[ casesc~es notnot Iss.ued,ss.ed forfor post-elec((onpost.el.elm” interviewmterwew duedue toto anan adminIstratIveadmmwawe errorerro!

2929 .

. .•

ResponseResponse toto thethe telephonetelephone surveyssurveys waswas asas followsfollows

BGESBGES 19921992 PanelPanel TelephoneTelephone surveyssurveys' responseresponse summarysummary

Cnmp.ignLamp.lgn surveysurvey nn %"I. %"I. NamesNames ,ssuedIssued [6311631 I10000 FoundFound to10 b.be outoutofofscopescope - telephonetelephone numbernumber .noblamableunobtamable S484 55 • moved and could not be traced 52 3 - moved andcouldnotbetraced 52 3 .- dieddied 77 *• -- mmgrakdemlgraled 33 *• Total OUtout ofofsCOpCscope 146146 99 rotal In scope rmd m scope 14s51485 9191 !10000 IntcrwcwInterview obkwnedobtained 13231323 8181 8989 162 11 h,tew!ewInterview notnot obtained 162 1010 II Of Wh,cbwhIch - refusedrefused 9292 66 66 - “otnot contact.dcontacted 5757 33 44 . - other reasons 33 *• • ------_.------_.------...... •● == 1.ssless thanthan O0 55 pcrper centcent

I%st-dmtimIlost-e ceLlon survey n .-I. . 7.7. Names mIn sample !1323323 I10000 5 Names ..1nOl ,ss.edIssued 71 5 Names Issued,swed 1252 95 TolalToM outOUtof scope,.Opt I *• Total Inm scope 1251 95 I10000 IntervIewImerw.w obtamedobtam.d 1203 91 96 InterView[ntcrw.wnotIIOtobtamedobtained 4s48 4 4 of whichwh)ch --..1nol contacted 43 3 3 . * -. refusedR fused 2 • • * * -- otheriiimr reasons 3 •• ------~------_.--~--_.-----_.-~------~----_.-...... --- •● == lessIcss thanthan 0O 55 perper centmm I 4.~. TheThe panelpanel face-to-faceface-to-face mtervlewmtes-wew surveysurvey

jfhehe largestlargest possIblepossible numbernumber ofof panel members (2,062) was approached for a facefac( to-faceo-face ntervlewnterwew afterafter thethe electIOnelectlon ThISThis Includedincluded allal1thosethose already Interviewedmterwewed by telephontelephoI , those whoho hadhad beenbeen approachedapproached butbut whowho hadhad dechneddechned toto participate Inm the telephone IntM :rwew,rvlew, hosehose whowho respondedresponded posItIvelyposltwely toto thethe tracIngtracing exercIseexercme but forfor whom we had no tel~t( :phonephone number,umber, andand thosethose fromfrom whomwhom wewe hadhad nono replyreply durIngduring thethe tracIngtracing exercIseexercise

Mam1fieldwork was preceded by a smaii-scaie pliot, carned out In uecember 1991 (see Mam fieldwork was preceded by a small-scale pdot, earned out m December 1991 (see SectIOnSectIon x.xx.x above)above) ThiSThis waswas usedused toto testtest notnot onlyonly newnew questIOnsquestions askedasked Inm thethe Cross-sectIOnCross-section survey,swvey, butbut alsoalso certaIncertain aspectsaspects ofof thethe panelpanel surveysurvey -- Inm partIcular,partwular, thethe 'hfe-hlstory'‘hfe-history’ questIOnsquestions

InterVIewersInterviewers werewere drawndrawn fromfrom SCPR'sSCPRS traInedtrained fieldforce,fieldforce, andand werewere brIefedbriefed byby melubersmembers ofof thethe SCPRSCPR researchresearch teamteam SInce.%nce thethe greatgreat maJontymajor]ty ofof IntervIewersmterwewers hadhad alsoalso beenbeen allocatedallocated addressesaddresses onon thethe cross-sectIOncross-section sample,sample, bothboth elementselements ofof thethe surveysurvey werewere bnefedbriefed atat thethe samesame tImetime AA totaltotal ofof 192192 Interviewersmterwewers carnedearned outout face-to-faceface-to-face Interviewsmterwews wIthwith panelpanel membersmembers

3030 IntervlewmgInterwewmg began on 13 AprIlAprd 1992 (by WhlChwhich hmetime virtuallywrtually all the telephone mtervlewrngmtervlewmg had been completed), and 96 per cent of Illtervlewsmterwews took place before the end of May, the last mtervlew]nterwew was conducted on 7 August InterviewersInterwewers were mstructedinstructed to call at panel members’members' addresses at least four tunes,tubes, and spread out over different times of day, m their attempts to find them at home In practice, many more calls than the mlmmummuumum number were made Only after repeated personal V1SltSwslts was contact by telephone allowed

The face-to-face mtervlew lasted on average between 55 and 56 mmutes Panel members who had agreed to a face-to-face mtervlewmterwew were also asked to filltill IIIm a short self-completIOnself-completion supplement, over 97 per cent of them diddld so

As IIIm the cross-sectIOncross-section survey, respondents either gave the supplement to the mterwewermtervlewer to return to the office,ot%ce,or returned It themselves IIIm the pre-paid,pre-pald, pre-addressed envelope prowdedprovided Respondents to the face-to-face Illtervlewurtervlew who diddldnot filltill m a self-completIOnself-completion supplement appear as mlssmg on the relevant vanablesvarrables IIIm the SPSS-xSPSS-X system file (as for the cross-sectioncross-sectIOn survey)

A total of 1,608 panel members were mtervlewedmterwewed face-to-face, and 1,565 of these returned a self-completIOnself-completion questlOnnmrequestlormsure The names of some potential respondents who were provingprovmg elusive,eluswe, or (less frequently) reluctant to be mtervlewed, were reissued durmgduring the final weeks of fieldwork The relssueremsue phase resulted IIIm 56 productiveproductwe mtervlewsmterwews mldand raised response by 332 2 per cent The final response rate achieved was 87 per cent net and 78 per cent gross

The full response breakdown ISM as follows

31 BGES Panel face-to-face survey. response summary

n “/0% “/0%

NanlesNanms Issuedmsued 2062 100 UntraceableUnfmcwblerespondentsr.swmd.nts - address empty, demolished,dmmbslwd,noL..1 traced 25 Respondents nom longer eligible.I,g,ble - moved,moved to unknown address 160 8 • diedd,cd 22 1I •- emigratedem!gratcd 10 .•

Tot.1Totml untnltelbleuotraceabk orcmmellglblemd,gtble 217 II11 Total ID,n scopescow 1845 89 100lOO InterViewlntervmv obtamedobtained 1608 78 87 01.1 whichwh,ch •- Withvmh selF-completionself-mmpktmn questIOnnairequcstmnnam 1565 76 85 - Withoutwtthout self-completIOnself-complelm. questionnaireq.cstmmwm 43 2 2 InterViewlntervmw not obtamedobtained 237 11II 13 of whichwb ,ch - refusedr,fmcd (me!(,”.[ brokenbmkcn appointment)appo,ntmmt) 173I 73 8s 9 - not contacted (me!(mcl away) 33 2 2 . other reasonremcm 313\ 2 2

•● = less thantia” 0O 5 per cent

p Welghtmg

The panel dataset was weighted to compensate to some extent for the effects of dlfferentmldIfferentIal attntlOnattntlon The aImalm was to make the varIOusvarious groups of respondents at the differentdIfferent panel stages representatIverepresentatwe of the 1987 cross-sectIOnalcross-sectional sample, simplySImply IIIm terms of votingvotlllg behavlourbehavIOur mIII the 19871987 General ElectIOnElectlon (as reported IIIm the 1987 cross-sectIOncross-section survey)

There are several potentIalpotential hmltatlOnshmltat]ons to thmthIS pohcy One MIS the necessary assumptionassumptIOn underiymgunderlying the welghtmg, that people who stayed m the panel are representatwerepresentatIve of those who dIddld not Even Iflf thISthis assumptIOnassumption ISMcorrect, the effectIvenesseffectweness ofthe welghturgweIghtmg wdlWIll also depend on the strength of the relatIOnshIprelationship between votmgvoting behawourbehavIOur IIIm 1987, and the panel variablesvarIables of mterestinterest

The merged 1987/92 SPSS-xSPSS-X system file now consistsCOnSIStS of a 5-Wave panel

WaveWsve I1 n~3,826n=3,826 1987 cross-seclloncross-sect]on

Wave 2 n~I,323n=l ,323 1992 March/ApnlMarch/Apr! I Stage 1I. - electlonelectIOn campaign (’phone)('phone)

Wave 3 n=I,203“= I,203 1992 April Stage 2-2 - post-electlonpost-electIOn (’phone)('phone)

Wave 4 n=I,608n=l,608 1992 April/May/June Stage 3-3 - face-to-face

Wave 5 n=I,564“=1,564 1992 Aprll/May/JuneApr!llMaylJune self-completmnself-completIOn supplement

The prmclple employed ISm that the weIghtweight allocated depends on the particularpartIcular group of cases of Illterestinterest to data analysts These have been IdentifiedIdentIfied as members of

32 Waves 1 and 2 Waves 1,I, 2 and 3 Waves 1, 2, 3 and 4 Waves 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Waves 1 and 4 Waves 1,4 and 5

WeightsWeIghts for these SIXgroups have been added toto thethe SPSS-XSPSS-x system file,file, and areare namednamed Wt12,Wti2, Wtl23,Wt123, Wt1234,W11234, Wt12345, Wt14 and Wt145 There are, of course, several other permutationspermutatIons of membershipmembershIp of the differentdIfferent panel Waves Rather than construct weights forfor each one on the SPSS-xSPSS-X system file, It MIS left for researchers to construct these weightsweIghts themselvesthemselves

Note that the 1987 cross-sectioncross-sectIOn dataset should Itself be weighted, to offset differentialdIfferenttallevelslevels of response between Standard RegionsRegIOns ThisThIS weightweIght 1sIS already incorporatedmcorporated mto thethe four weIghtsweights named above If data from 1987 are used alone, they must be weightedweIghted usingusmg thethe vanablevariable WeIghtWe/ght Thelhe welghtmg for 1987 must also be incorporatedmcorporated mto any additionaladdItIOnal weights constructed by users themselves

As explamed,explained, the basicbaSIC welghtmgweIghtmg policypoltcy has been to use the votingvotmg profile of respondentsrespondents InterViewedmterwewed m Wave 1 (1987 post-electlonpost-electIOn survey) as a benchmarkbenclunark So m analysmg thethe Wave 2 dataset, for example, the dlstnbutlondlstnbutlOn of Wave 2 respondents’respondents' 1987 vote MIS adjusted toto rephcate the dlstrlbutlondlstnbutlOn m Wave 1I

The weIghtmgwelghturg varIablevariable ISM votmgvoting behaVIOurbehavlour Inm 1987 (V8a(K?a m the system file) For the welghtmg, thISthis IS re-categonsedre-categomsed mto a sImpltfiedslmphfied variable,vanable, Vote87 The dlstnbutlondlstnbutlOn of Vote87 mur the 1987 cross-sectIOncross-section was

Respondent category OngmalOr]gmal codes New code n “A%

DIdDjdnot vote/DKvotelDK If)f voted _1-1,9s-.,...... OR -1 536 14,01.Id','"'.rH ConservatIveCOnservatwe I I 1,413 3693 Labour 2 2 994 2598 L,beralfSDPL[beral/SDP 3 3 75751 I 1963 Other party 5,6,7,8,95,6>7,8>9 4 44 I 15 Refused to say 97 97 89 233

Total 3,826 10000

Note thiSllusISISbased on thetie 198719S7data weightedwaghtcdtom RegionKcgmn

The final column (%(’7. dlstnbutIOn)dmtrlbutlon) ISM the numerator used m calculatmgcalculating the weight

The denommatordenominator ISM found from the dIstrIbutIOndmtrlbutlon of thISthis re-coded varIablevariable for the panel group ofof mterestInterest For example, for respondents to Waves 2 and 3, the dIstrIbutIOndlstrlbutlon of Vote87 was

33 n % OldDldnot vote/OKvotelDK Iflf voted 106 880 ConservatIveConservatwe 479 3978 Labour 285 2367 Liberal/SDP 294 2442 Other party 15 125 Refused to say 26 2162 16 1572 10000

NoteNot. thisth,s too, IS based on the 1987 data weightedwwghtcd to RcgmnRegion

So to calculate the wetght,weight, the % column ISN the denominatordenommator - for example, the weight for non-voters IS 1401/880(=14 01/8 80(= I1 59), for ConservativesConservatwes 363693/397893/39 78 (= 0928),O 928), and so on

To make analysIsanalysls more straightforward,stralghtforwmd, the cases for whichwhIch the weight MIS not apphcable - m the above example, cases whIchwhich are notno~ members of Waves 2 and 33- - should be givengIven a zero weIghtweight

6. VanableVariable names

VariableVrmable names are based on questIOnquestion number m most cases, and consistconsIst of questionquestIOn number preceded by a letter

Wave 1 vV - 1987 Survey Wave 2 W-W - 1992 CampaignCampagn telephone mtervlewmterwew Wave 3 X-X - 1992 Post-electIOnPost-electlon telephone mterwewmtervlew Wave 4 Y-Y - 1992 Post-electIOnPost-electIon face-to-face and self-completionself-completIOn

In the 1987 survey, variablesvrmables on the self-completion supplement are numbered VIOl (thus VIOla,V101U, VlOlbVIOlb VI02V102 and so on)

In Wave 4 (the 1992 face-to-face mtervlew), variables m the classnlcatlonclassificatIOn sectIOnsection at the end are numbered from Y301 (thus Y301a, Y301b, Y302 and so on), variables on the self- completIOncompletlon supplement are numbered from Y201, Y202 and so on

Other vanablevariable names, whIchwhich do not follow the question-numberquestIOn-number conventionconventIOn - such as occupation and class variables - should be self-explanatory The dataset also containscontams a small number of denvedderived varIablesvariables

7 BGES panel datasets and SPSS-xSPSS-X set-up files

The combmed 1987/1992 SPSS-xSPSS-X system file containscontams 1987 data for all cases that were productive m the 1987 survey, and 1992 data for those cases that were productweproductive m at least one stage of the 1992 panel survey Cases have the same serialsenal number m 1992 as m 1987 The panel file contamscontains 3,826 cases"cases’g

!9 ~em ~a, ,eIf.,.OmpIct,On~..st,...... c.. tk 19 There was a selr·completlon questionnaire on the 1987 survey,wrvey, wh,chwhich 89 per .cent..1 of rcsp.nd.ntsrespondents (11= 1,565) filled Inm

34 The numbers Issued and productIveproductwe at each stage were

1987 Face-to-face 6,000 3,826 Self-completIOnSelf-completion 6,000 3,414 - 1992 CampaIgnCampaign tel 1,631 1,323 1 '"'In'"! Post-electionPost-electIon teItel 1,251 1,2031,L.V", Face-to-face 2,062 1,608 Self-completIOnSelf-completion 2062 1,5651>565

The denvedderived varIablevariable Panel proVIdesprovides a summary of thestages of the 1992 component of the panel Inm whIchwhich respondents partIcIpatedparticipated The codes and SPSS-XSPSS-x value labels are

Code SPSS-xSPSS-X value labels Panel waves

I1 Camp,post,f-f,s-c 1,2,3,4,512345>,, > 2 Camp,post,f-f 1,2,3,4 3 Camp,post 1,2,3 4 CampaIgnCampaign only 1,2 5 Camp,f-Camp, f-f,s-cf,s-c 1,2,4,5 6 Camp,f-fCamp, f-f 1,2,4 7‘1 Post-electIOnPost-electIon only 1,3 8 Post,f-Post, f-f,s-cf,s-c 1,3,4,5 9 Post,f-fPost, f-f 1,3,4 10 F-f,s-cF- f,s-c 1,4,5 11 Face-to-face only 1,4

8. Other conventIOnsconventions employed

SPSS-xSPSS-X 'mlssmg'‘mmwrg’ casescuses

The cases ofpanel members who dIddldnot parhclpatepartICIpate at all mIn a particularpartIcular wave of the panel surveys (1987 self-completIOn,self-completion, 1992 wave 1,21, 2 or 3 or the self-completionself-completIOn supplement) appearappear’ as mISSIngmlssmg on the relevant varIablesvariables mIn the system file, SPSS does not treat them as valIdvahd To exclude them altogether, data users use the Panel variablevarIable to select only those cases productIveproductive Inm the stages Inm whIchwhich they are interestedInterested

SkipsSkzps

At varIOusvarious pOIntspoints Inm the survey, questIOnsquestions were asked of sub-samples of respondents whalewhIle others were routed past such questIOnsquestions On some vonablesvarIables more than one filter operated sImultaneouslysimultaneously Cases which were filtered out (or skipped) are defined as -1 (or -2 or -3) and are labelledIabelled 'SkIpped'‘Skipped’ Withwith the defimtlOndefimtlon of the skip (insofar(Insofar as space allows)

35 ‘Not'Not answeredsanswereds'’

Where a case was productweproductive at one or more stages of thethe survey but therethere are no data on a particular variable (Ie,(le, a particular quest]onquestIOn was not an~wered)answered) thethe case MIS defined as 9 (or 99 or 999 or 9999) on each variable thatthat was ‘Not'Not answered’answered'

‘Don'Don't‘t knows’knows'

‘Don’t'Don't know’know' responses are usually coded 8 (or 98 or 998), these should be treated as vahdvalid categoriescategones

8 ConstituencyConstItuency numbers

ThnteenThirteen cases are mmmgmlssmg all constituency numbers (old and new OPCS, old and new PA), these cases are coded 999 New OPCS constituency numbers are mmmgmlssmg for all cases m Scotland (see SectIon 3 above)

References

Heath,A and Pierce, R (1992) 'It‘It was party IdentIficatIOnIdentdicatlon all along questionquestIOn order effects on reports of party IdentificatIOnIdentlficatlon m Brltam’,Bntam', Electoral Stud/es,Studies, 11112,2, pp 93-105

Heath, AA,, Jowell, R, Curtlce,CurtIce, J Withwith Taylor, B (eds )(1994), LabourLabour's‘f Last Chance?Chance 7The 1992 E{ectlonElection and Beyond Dartmouth Aldershot

McAllister,McAlhster, 1I and Wattenberg, M (1995), ‘Measuring'Measurmg levels of party IdentlficatlonIdentificatIOn Does questionquestIOn order matter?’,matter?', PubllcPublic OpinIOnOpouon Quarterly, 59, pp 259-68

OPCS (1992), .ElectoralElectoral Statzstlcs,StatlsllcS, senesseries EL, 19, London HMSO

Swaddle, K and Heath,A (1989), ‘Official'OffiCial and reported turnout m the BntlshBrltmh general electIOnelectlon of 1987',1987’, BrztlshBrltmh Journal ofPoliticalPohtlcal Science, 19, pp 537-70

AppendIces

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