Reforms and Governance Within the Higher Education System of Kosovo

CEU eTD Collection

In partial Higher Education System ofKosovo Reform fulfillment s

and Governance Economic Policy in Supervisor: Professor

of therequirements for degreethe of ofMaster Central European University Department of Budapest, Hungary Granit JakupiGranit Submitted to 2013 By i

Economics Global Global Markets

Lajos

Bokros

within the

Arts in

CEU eTD Collection pol improving thesystem. undertake to institutions education higher of efforts joint represent they and suggestions data the following formed are recommendations policy the Finally, Kosovo. of country the within graduates jobless of issue the tackle to hands their institutions central to located is response and risks, root, the that suggest findings those Additionally, workforce. educated among level unemployment the to contributor main results The statistics. hig the that suggest of analysis and research field extensive from resulted study this from findings core The capital. human on literature and education higher of theories institutional on t The system. education higher the for responsible issues the out by design mapping study descriptive a using structured been has It workforce. educated among level development thepovertythe economic developing countries. andmitigating among improving in has system this that potential the analyzing when education higher on importance This thesis investigates how the higher education system education higher the how investigates thesis This decades, several for worldwide, studies of number A her education system in Kosovo is poorly structured and it is identified as the as identified is it and structured poorly is Kosovo in system education her

n poiig ouin fo te esetv o plc makers policy of perspective the from solutions providing and

A BSTRACT ii

heoretical framework has been derived based derived been has framework heoretical

c rfrs n etutrn and restructuring in reforms icy is affecting the unemployment the affecting is ae lcd considerable placed have

and it is in is it and CEU eTD Collection This is thesis ded support. thus and and family, I thankfulfor am theirimmense patience my with time precious spending of years two took Budapest in studies my least, not but Last their for discussions consultants and and interviewers the all to thanks Heartfelt facilitation. and theparticipantsencouragement tothankfor all research In Ithis like within their addition, would enthusiastic his studies European University. the Central at for Bokros, Lajos my as well Professor as work thesis this for through critiques valuable and guidance, gratitude patient encouragement, my express to like would I

ideas during my timeinPrishtina. my during ideas icated tomyGrandmother. Thank icated A CKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii

y o u

Grand

ma for nurturing raising and me!

extensive

CEU eTD Collection References Appendixes 8 Chapter 7 Chapter 6 Chapter 5 Chapter 4 Chapter 3 Chapter 2 Chapter 1 Chapter Lack ofLack investment The market private among providersCompetition education of higher universityThe situation thepublic within Declaration The of adoption theBologna of staff,Corruption, lack inadequate spaces for and teaching strategies and legislation Current The ofthepast legacy having tremendous a today impact Sy The Welfare Accounts National Inflation Rate Poverty and Unemployment Introduce the voucher systemIntroduce thevoucher for students language foster theEnglish Make and internships mandatory group work and thestate universityFinancing Management and Governance Education of Higher Institutions Introduce education dual Fight theroot from problemfrom i.e. school the high level the athorough research trendsConduct market market and of thelabor StatisticsEstablish professional a Education Kosovo Institute – – – – – – – –

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...... Research Background Methodology and Literature Review Introduction Policy Policy Conclusion and Recommendation Regional Comparison Kosovo system higher education analysis BriefA History System Education ofHigher OverviewAn of Kosovo - university coordination

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system ......

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ONTENTS ......

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36 33 30 28 27 23 21 19 18 15 15 13 75 67 64 64 63 62 61 60 60 59 57 54 48 44 41 38

6 1

CEU eTD Collection Table 8 Table 7 Table 6 Table 5 Table 4 Table 3 Table 2 Table 1 Figure 1 Graph 23 Graph 22 Graph 21: Financing of Public Universities, share in percentages Graph 20: Distribution of expenditures within the public universities since 2008 Graph 19: Distribution of expenditures of the Ministry of Education since 2009 Graph 18 Graph 17: Sector based distribution of aid inKosovo, in millions (1999 Graph 16 Graph 15 Graph 14 Graph 13 Graph 12 Graph 11 Graph 10 Graph 9 Graph 8 Graph 7 Graph 6 Graph 5 Graph 4 Graph 3 Graph 2 Graph 1 – – ------

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Too Too many institutions, few professors Infrastructure within theprivate providers higherof education Number of students enrolled for the first time, 2008 Number of students inpublic university 2007 Students per Professor Ratio across the region Kosovo welfare statistics, distribution across categories

Regional Public expenditures oneducation inKosovo since 2009 ------– – The chainThe effect of factors hindering the higher education system Number of teaching stuff in the public universities Distribution lecturersof with degrees inthe private sector GDP of Kosovo, in percentage Budget of the Government of Kosovo, End of theyear balance inpercentage Government Kosovoof Spending, in millions Inflation rate in Kosovo, in percentage Unemployment level intheregion (% totalof labor force) Poverty and Extreme poverty headcount inKosovo (2009 Poverty headcount ratioatnational poverty line of (% population)

Public expenditure onprimary, secondary and tertiaryeducation, per student for 2009 Public expenditures onEducation by level, per cent of GDP for theyear 2009 Skills that employers value while Employment hiring Barometer Distribution Studentsof inPrivate Higher Education Institutions Number of Students in Private Higher Education Institutions Expected high school graduates and capacity theUniversity of of Prishtina Distribution of students inmain disciplines, 2008 Distribution newof Budget theof Ministry Education of since 2009 Satisfaction among employers regarding coordination with universities comparison higher of education systems - coming students, 2007

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IGURES - ABLES RAPHS - 2012

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2012 ......

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2011) in percentages –

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54 53 39 38 36 34 33 21 28 53 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 43 42 40 40 39 36 35 20 20 19 18 17 16 16

CEU eTD Collection

WUS USAID UP QA UNMIK OECD NQA NATO MEST KIPRED KAS KAA INQAAHE IMF GDP FDI EUA EQF EQAR ENQA EHEA ECTS EC EACEA CHEPS CEE CBK BAC

British Agency Accreditation World UniversityWorld Services Agencyfor Stated United International Development University ofPrishtina Quality NationsUnited InterimKosovo Administration Mission in forOrganization Economic Co QualificationsNational Agency North TreatyOrganization Atlantic Ministry of Development ResearchKosovar and Institute for Policy ofStatisticsKosovo Agency Agency Kosovo Accreditation International Networkfor Assurance Quality Agencies Education inHigher FundInternational Monetary GrossDomestic Product InvestmentForeign Direct University Association European QualificationsEuropean Framework Quality AssuranceEuropean Register for Education Higher Association European Education Higher European Area Transfer Credit SystemEuropean Accumulation and CommissionEuropean Audiovisual andEducation, Agency CultureExecutive for Education Studies Center Policy Higher and Eastern and Europe Central Bankof KosovoCentral Assurance Education, Science, Science, Technology and Education, L IST OF

for Assurance Higher Quality in Education

BBREVIATIONS

- operation and Development and operation

CEU eTD Collection ed of supply increasing the and situation easier the education, of world and education thehigher within bein historical young the Considering M departments university and schools high as destruction of targets damages. and implications war the and regime Serbian skills f wrong the on in more increasingly (based UP), the from degree graduates of (1.6%)numbers Arts of Bachelor or (0.9%) Arts of Associate an received luckiest the orbrightest the only 1969, “since institute, KIPRED by economi the hindering phas place facing currently the problem provide to thrive countries those of Governments those engaging and nurturing identifying, includes that and development oreover, Serbian curricula, curricula, Serbian oreover, g established g e employment ” .H

f eeomn. h hge euain ytm is system education higher The development. of Kpe, 2007 (Kipred, As it As are Yugoslavia, former from coming those especially Balkans, of region the in Countries human of terms in building capacity to relates countries most of priorities the of One owever, Kosovo is in an even direr situation as it is experiencing is it situationas direr even an isKosovoin owever, i s different s of inadequate or lack ofof skills inadequate orlack is already established already is a

is only in 1969 in only crisis clear

, and it demonstrates stagnation. Despite the vast levels of unemployment of levels vast the Despite stagnation. demonstrates it and c prosperity of this newborn country. According to a research conducted research a to According country. newborn this of prosperity c p

in terms of higher education higher of terms in p.3

and undisputable. Normally, the higher higher the Normally, undisputable. and ). framework

h ros f h polm ol b tae bc t te ie of times the to back traced be could problem the of roots The method

C , one shall not be surprised by the identified problems prevailing problems identified the by surprised be not shall one , it ucated minds in the market, market, the in minds ucated

HAPTER becomes for someone to find a job. In job. a find to someone for becomes backgr

by well known authors, the relationship between education between relationship the authors, known well by

and practices, and and practices, and .

ound ,

1 and and

–

therefor 1 I NTRODUCTION

Kosovo qualitative

and that is attributable to attributable is that and e

promote , with the University of Prishtina of University the with , h educat The language having companies and institutions continue continue institutions and companies

highe

economic economic

were closed were you were forcefully incorporated. forcefully were r serious 2.5% (50,000) 2.5% o sse ws n o the of one was system ion education

ields and with the wrong wrong the with and ields get a bright Kosovo

tremendousl

in the ladders of the of ladders the in problems growth

in order to order in

and made illegal made and transition minded citizens minded , however, the however, ,

of pop of .

y n it and

difficult

official official ulation

taking taking tackle (UP) is . .

CEU eTD Collection than of quality great is dysfunctional, the education including schools performing As students. a because students of infrastructure the and notice, prior without them of number a miss The course. the pass to wants student courses several after University the purposes, commercial of sort some mind is Prishtina of University the enduring university the base upgraded for provide regulations and laws that fact the of Regardless be to appears reform this principles, Declaration Kosovo Even practice. into theory put to how knowing not of fact mere the or languages, other communi of lack the and needs economy’s the recruitmen their in difficulties face to competition closing number In the public university, public the In have media the that trends disturbing the of few a just Listing

has cu has education

h rgo faces region the of private universities of private

d ontheneeds of thereality themarket, proves theopposite. . is

, or it is it or , rrently undergone an undergone rrently orpie amn, h peie o te U the of premises the payment, corruptive P a highly prized favor prized highly a after since book same the use rofessors on lecture ,

this task is of a much large much a of is task this various is not is quality of the knowledge supplied. knowledge the of quality or renaming renaming or oblig

is carried is improving

departments within the University does not does University the within departments atory sca polm ta of that problem, social a we can can we

courses is called is courses to

to out in a small a in out t education ,

buy the market has certainly increased the competition, yet the yet competition, the increased certainly has the market process. This is due to the lack lack the to due is This process. quality and and as observe irresolute

it rfso’ ulse pairzd book (plagiarized) published professor’s a mysteriously

- tend blowing. blowing.

of lectures is persistently decreasing as professors as decreasing persistently is lectures of cation and teamwork skills, the inability to speak to inability the skills, teamwork and cation

2 r that reform, i.e. i.e. reform,

s extent

hence private ob rvnb iaca oiain, rather motivations, financial by driven be to amphitheater

reform. socialist mere Tough exams can often be passed be often can exams Tough

for Kosovo for In addition to addition In lecture makeup no students

the war the one. ly trans

Moreover, admission of a student at student a of admission Moreover,

the practices still practices superficial

niversity

forma , implementation of the Bologna the of implementation

overcrowded , are are

and the same the and .

T added tion

he whole sector of higher of sector whole he of the , rather than structural. structural. than rather , are are

an education education an it prevail

n ipoig worst improving and often corrupt practices, practices, corrupt

is scheduled is to the to the large number of number large the illegally illegally

with hundreds of hundreds with

curricula book . eotd o be to reported

T admission he he rented ,

is used is entry reflecting in case a case in . Finally, . though

against o be to

of aof

the for list

in in ,

CEU eTD Collection studentstellwh cannot and text university any written not probably have who titles academic hold that persons with naturally, exceptions with full, is it knowledge, of cradle the was day one that institution the to paid was anytime. at anybody by around thrown be to importance its lose politicized been has it that apart Prishtina, m the U in University education education higher towards pays institution this education higher on had Assembly Kosovo receives for demand other hand,the most the as established been now have choices these because oversupply will that study of field the is which out figure to hard is it government, the by strategies development term long youth regulations implement and draft to makers policy of remoteness of lack the criteria evaluation standardized hi niversity of niversity gher education system education gher ain primary

one. one. today finds itself pu itself finds today Even though, thi though, Even

as a a as when the when As a leading co leading a As

appropriate

o ake h polm ihn ooos ihr dcto system education higher Kosovo’s within problem the tackle to of students in in students of attention of the media with regard to higher education, this is not necessarily the necessarily not is this education, higher to regard with media the of attention public northern P rishtina

problem is small and inadequate. and small is problem new law on higher education brought about the issue of the Serb the of issue the about brought education higher on law new

statistical data and and data statistical became a a became Mitrovica and and Mitrovica ed to lead s issue is is issue s is interfered is lumnist, Ms lumnist, zzled and and zzled oe disciplines some them

contribute at foreign literature they could consult becauseconsult could they literature foreign at future

complicated is limited significantly unc

by by . the second was second the

Flaka niiul n sca benefits. social and individual ertain politics

, professional

to . lies in the fact that fact the in lies

, wards

(i.e. (i.e. Surroi and that indicates the indicates that and

political issue political about what what about crucial 3 , .

suffers from suffers h Ksv Primn ol dbtd higher debated only Parliament Kosovo The economics

further deepen further states, , responsive There have been have There

the when t when studies attention

future “ in The problem with the University of University the with problem The , law, and teacher training) training) teacher and law, ,

he control of one party one of control he , lack lack is further contributing towards thetowards contributingfurther is

as a society a as itself.

and comprehensive policies and policies comprehensive and lucrativ

Due to the low importance that importance low the to Due might bring. might ing of ing in

that higher education higher that

low level of level low Although politicization was politicization Although academic staff, and the un the and staff, academic

only two debates two only hs w hv t have we Thus,

e the problem the

options, while, on the on while, options, ,

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ecfrh the Henceforth,

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controlled not knownot

dy an oday that specific

system simply

that the the -

CEU eTD Collection achieving economic to makers a has fortunately the FDI, attract to is aim outcomes t with line in system education the having towards lead would which policies, implement and regulations drafting on work to institutions responsible the and government the for urgency of place, country ofknowledge Minis the that projects “ claiming, while established been already have that policies Ram Mr. Technology Mr. Education of Minister reasons by produced be to failed damage the population, the in pp since . 4 ) ,

especially in especially pr o ter o vr rfnd Albanian refined very not their of apart ”

Despite warnings these strong hand the receiving upon press, for released communication a On The to the institution, but to the future of of future the to but institution, the to

(

Kipred satisfying burden transform previous n ,

Ti cn e achieved be can This . 2007 exceptionall the

and appropriateand

ë … Minister of Education Education of Minister this this damage

higher education system, within the new new the within system, education higher , Buja has committed himself to continue the projects and implement the implement and projects the continue to himself committed has Buja e ad h Mnsr hv lf ready left have Ministry the and ter pp If this achieve we th . resource euain s n o te oe ntuet t ahee it. achieve to instruments core the of one is education n 4 ). ese ne Hoxhaj Enver

he needs of the domestic economy. economy. domestic the of needs he to UP and to the to and UP to y

young young ntttos a institutions,

education no ntoa tesr, ahr hn ae t n additional an it make than rather treasure, national a into

and commitments and populat , we achieved lot,ifnot a all

y aig h wy o te young the for way the paving by te urn Mnse o Euain Sine and Science Education, of Minister current the , stated

a eut f esnl neet, ln o practical or clans interests, personal of result a s gains. ion 4 , our society

hy pa n ohr language other no speak they ,

, and and

“ society even if the UP had an an had UP the if even

th is irreversible. It is not only a only not is It irreversible. is , there has not been much change taking muchchange notbeen has , there erefore

and our country, for the for country, our and ad ok n aig “ making in work and ” country wl dfntl cniu those continue definitely will I

it is now i now is it If, as generally established generally as If, ”

(MEST, pars. 2011, 4 of Kosovo of n the hands of policy of hands the n unending - vr from over fro ” p

( eople m the higher higher the m Kipred . I . t is a matter a is t question goods

Kosovo credibility

Kosovo towards 200 , former

, the, - that that 5)

of 7 .

- ,

CEU eTD Collection short number theanalyzes trends, borrowsfrom ideas the L sy education higher the of outcomes the is system education higher oig t oenetl poli governmental at ooking - term and strategically and thelong in term hs hss eerh is t lbrtn the elaborating at aims research thesis This

of policy

recommendations and and recommendations having

cies cies

on the unemployment levels. The goal is to is goal The levels. unemployment the on for the higher education education higher the for - run methods on methods stem are hindering the hindering are stem .

region 5

and and

how to move forward pragmatically in the in pragmatically forward move to how effe best inthe world practices ct

that the poor and and poor the that n the and improvement ao market labor establish

unreconstructed of , and suggests, and a employment. , this paper paper this ,

whether

CEU eTD Collection managerial and expertise skills, of mastery the facilitat training, vocational with associated education, secondary Additionally, areas. urban as nutrition and health with together education and composition 1% around remarkably value high toa ofgrowth inMexico 23% (Psacharopoulos, inGhana 1984). from contributed education that established counties developing 29 for studies rate private the ( studies other Meanwhile, economies. western of studies development ec in difference the describe to used factor the in revolution 1966 (Bowman, thought” investment “human the of encouragement the to led it 60’s, the in (Harberger models a as regarded countries with makers. policy of level the by affected both are making policy of quality the and decis The production. of factors on influence determining significant the determining in and Mincer

quantity of investments, together with the overall the with together investments, of quantity implement lal, dcto rpeet oe f h ky eemnns hn nlzn the analyzing when determinants key the of one represents education Clearly, observe can we models, neoclassical earlier Considering that clear is It ,

1974

growth of output and, moreover, it constitutes the constitutes it moreover, and, output of growth

) key ingredient for ingredient key , concentrated on evaluating the impact that education has on either earnings or earnings either on has education that impact the evaluating on concentrated , an

oevr the Moreover, of return. A A return. of fiinl frin ehooy A a eape te rmr ad seconda and primary the example, an As technology. foreign efficiently abundant mi supply of educated , 1998 , economic education ). Bowman suggests that, as the empirical e empirical the as that, suggests Bowman ). ). Schultz in 1961 and Denison in 1962 pointed out that education was education that out pointed 1962 in Denison and 1961 in Schultz ). C HAPTER

performance of a country. However, the level of level the However, country. a of performance uvy conducted survey amount

production alone is not able to transform an entire economy. The quality quality The economy. entire an transform to able not is alone 2

f oeg drc ivsmn i epce t b larger be to expected is investment direct foreign of

–

and, and, raise ITERATURE 6

nds.

n 94 ht oee te rwh accounting growth the covered that 1984 in as a result, a as the workers the nmc rwh hn nlzn a eis of series a analyzing when growth onomic capabil

framework ity R O te te hn, h tertiary the hand, other the On .

it was not incorporated in growth in incorporated not was it EVIEW productivity the fact that education was not was education that fact the ability

of policies in place in policies of education vidence was more available more was vidence

ion making in investment in making ion

of a country to embrace to country a of ( ekr 1964 Becker

level

of managers and and managers of education

in rural as well well as rural in , contribute ,

1975) ,

economic

has a has

or ry e

CEU eTD Collection different thatfollow. categories eight in separated are those such, as and brings, system education higher the that benefits and Rosovsky, 2006). health nation’s a and fabric social the on effect positive a has population of cadre educated highly the Furthermore, governance. economic and political good as well as creation, job including enjoyed are benefits many education, higher with that, mo Their about. brings education higher that benefits and effects broader the neglecting traditional “ questioned influe significant a having despite studies, ( 10.8% was tertiary the which to education compare 18.9%, was education secondary and primary for return of rate the of terms the of year extra each Psac with linked are income in evidence Empirical growth. system financial also education the in helps education Beyond Private Gain: The Public Benefits of of Benefits Public The Gain: Private Beyond period haropoulos 1994 There are a There a are Psacharopoulos rate

nlzn poes f h rt o return of rate the of process analyzing 1960 by more recent ones such as Bloom, Hartley, and and Hartley, Bloom, as such ones recent more by

of of incorporate , rule of rule , –

return 97 and 1997 considerable ). creation

compared to primary and secondary e secondary and primary to compared and and law, and law,

the also ocue ta hi that concluded Patrinos

arns Pasacharopoulos & Patrinos and development of science. Besides this, Besides science. of development and r

number o illuminates these interaction these illuminates esponsibility of creating and developing key institutions of the of institutions key developing and creating of esponsibility government, among others, all all others, among government,

conducted a study in which they reviewed 98 countries for for countries 98 reviewed they which in study a conducted nce in international policy for development, have been have development, for policy international in nce f studies that have have studiesf that gher education education gher 7

Higher Higher education s oey focused solely is s as they conclude that the increasesthe that conclude they as s Education further , 2002). However, these sorts of of sorts these However, 2002). , ducation. In this particular study, study, particular this In ducation. is of these of

in a less favorable favorable less a in attainment Rosovsky

analyzed the broader effects thebroader analyzed ” hy li ta this that claim They .”

necessary for economic for necessary on secondary and tertiary and secondary (Bloom, Hartley, Hartley, (Bloom,

financial ih hi paper, their with entrepreneurship, ( Behrman 1990, 1990, Behrman posi

rewards, tion tion

in & is

CEU eTD Collection the best results achieved be could and political, economic, the with line in knowledge accumulated the have argue They sufficient. necessarily not but growth, for essential is education have not growth. economic on impact contributory U natural and had have thelargestsciences engineering that concluding had have studies of fields different that effects the ofsciences graduates hard 1% a that found study this Furthermore, output. industrial in increase 0.35% a to c the influenced Taiwan of study empirical up faster if their humancapital human points percentage points annual the years, 0.68 for increases education secondary for attainment and EconomicEducation Development nited O te te hand other the On . capital De Meulemeester and and Meulemeester De “ paper research The Sala and Barro K ingdom n mat n tl ad utai. h authors The Australia. and Italy in impact an

and and the ountry’s economic growth. economic ountry’s See, rne ad aa, h hge euain ytm a hd strong a had has system education higher the Japan, and France, Sweden, ,

in annual growth in annual initial ae ouain a sgiiaty fetd growth. affected significantly has population male - i -

atn i a cross a in Martin, GDP, such that countries lagging behind i behind lagging countries that such GDP,

has led to a 0.15% toa0.15% has led case , influence a Rochat, while studying six developed countries, concluded that in that concluded countries, developed six studying while Rochat,

The The is developed ” conducted by Lin illus Lin by conducted ” .9 years 0.09 (De Meulemeester 1995). andRochat, . Meanwhile, they also found that there is a a theyis found also Meanwhile, thatthere oe f ihr dcto i eco in education higher of Role

on production

On the contrary, this study shows that shows study this contrary, the On increase

- A 1% increase in higher education higher in increase 1% A at higherat levels etoa suy etbihd ht ihr educational higher that established study, sectional rise 8

in agricultural output. Theagricultural in

in (Lin, 2004

etay education tertiary trates GDP growth GDP (Barro Sala and ainlz i camn ta higher that claiming in rationalize that higher education higher that ) .

n terms of growth will growth of terms n oi dvlpet an development: nomic

raises

social structure so that so structure social compensates with with compensates n h one the On

- that it is important to important is it that i - paper Martin, 1995) correlation by 1.1 percentage 1.1 by stock

also examined education has strongly has

has yielded has rise

ad if hand,

among . n the in

catch

did 0.5

CEU eTD Collection countries for research th developing compatible lower is graduates of number the where states in those than more far earn education higher from graduates of proportion state different across 1990 bottom studies show 1% that equality income influences strongly education a to leading thus education, of level the to attributable was workers for earnings connec in inequality income A system. education better of Education university same the concluded have “ paper their ( 0.63% to 0.42 between output annual of hasinterms productivity increased qualification education higher in increase 1percent out that, a constructed and ProductivityEducation ).

The study, conducted by by conducted study, The result a as equality income greater towards pointing studies considerable also are There productivity, and attainment education between relationship the looked has Jenkins 40 to 60% of the the of 60% to 40

and the and and Income a The role The n econometrics times series analys series times econometrics n growth s in the US have variations in income. As such, the states that have a higher a have that states the such, As income. in variations have US the in s

rise of education in productivity convergence: does higher education matter education higher does convergence: productivity in education of

in labor force wit in labor of labor productivityof ( labor idea population tion

as they maintain a correlation between the rate of enrollment in enrollment of rate the between correlation a maintain they as

study Bom e a, 2006) al, et (Bloom,

ih dcto hs on ta nea that found has education with Bloom, Hartley and and Hartley Bloom,

f 8 ai Aeia cutis cnenn pvry and poverty concerning countries, American Latin 18 of for an additional 6 to 15% to 6 additional an for h higher education would result would in education h higher raising theshare of ekn, 1995 Jenkins, at couldat used be for comparison. 9 Wolff and Gittleman, 1993 Gittleman, Wolff and

is for the United Kingdom. Kingdom. United the for is

( scaools 1992 Psacharopoulos, Ufruaey tee s not is there Unfortunately, . Rosovsky ).

enhl, of ad itea in Gittleman and Wolff Meanwhile,

( Bourguignon and Morrison, and Bourguignon has in variation of 25% rly dniid ht workers that identified ). ). Furthermore, other other Furthermore,

The author found found author The

conclusion another

that ?”

CEU eTD Collection whereas, trade; on has knowledge of accumulation that outcome same the concluded have 1989 education turn in and sect export of competitiveness increasesin with back contributed education, for demand the created up opening since circle virtuous their opening and investing with learning and education and Trade Education 42). (Baloglu region eastern developed less the in children 5.1 to compared children 1.4 educated speaking, Statistically reached. education of level the to attributable is situation this that claims one. developed less the to compared lower is Turkey of part developed the in family well as Mexico, and Kong, 1998). (Becker, Hong Poland, for rates declining noticed has Becker and rate, and countries Developed attainment. education and theEducation Family bygover finances of lack bureaucracy, lower the as such governance appropriate and education higher in enrollment societies. and SocietyEducation

investing more for them. In comparison with the United States United the with comparison In them. for more investing It num average the that showing evidence the uncovered has Baloglu of level the by influenced largely also are children in investments and planning Family al. et Bloom

They have have They has been established been has

nment representatives (

have also investigated the effects of education on developing and integratingand developing on education of effects the investigated also have found a positive a found

ethnic

so far that some countries have managed have countries some that far so

tensions, better tensions, correlation

families especially the especially families Bloom, ha ve shifted towards trends of having fewer children fewer having of trends towards shifted ve 10

et al th

rule of law, law, of rule at is at , 2006 statistically significant statistically ) cnme. hs a te fre a formed they way This economies. .

educated women have on average on have women educated and better management of public public of management better and ors. Grossman and Helpman in Helpman and Grossman ors. attainment , Taiwan has a lower birth birth lower a has Taiwan , to successfull to absence e o cide per children of ber

among the rate of rate the among that families have families that

of corruption, of , 1998, ,

The author The y integrat

pp. 40 e -

CEU eTD Collection Development tr using ones a but technology, modern use that farmers among productivity in increase and AgricultureEducation Maloney, (Lederman and 2003) researc that shows analysis regression through Maloney and Lederman by via conducted study Bank growth World country cross economic A productivity. the boosting of capable are that firms development and within research of place means taking were changes chang technological technological only Not 1995). which (Deraniyagala, at rate the to correlated entrepreneurs of level education that shown has industries, clothing country. and TechnologyEducation FDI.and population percei to This (Tilak,1989). growth economic levelhigherof generated havepolicies macroeconomic 1965 tobeopened fostercountries have and their exports (Lucas, 1998). or in that realizes Lucas Additionally, turn. 199 in Lowey and David Ben - 97 so ta hge lvl f dcto combine education of level higher that show 1987, The evidence, concerning the impact that education has on agriculture, advocates for an for advocates agriculture, on has education that impact the concerning evidence, The promine an also plays Education of period the for countries developing sixty of sample a having study, Bank World The ve Deraniyagala

of a country a of the aditional means. Birdsall in her in Birdsall means. aditional ” shows that farmers in Thailand that are are that Thailand in farmers that shows ” stimulus

remarks that his statistical analysis in Sri Lanka, re Lanka, Sri in analysis statistical his that remarks

that is educated is trade

7 .

established that trade boosts the accumulation of knowledge in knowledge of accumulation the boosts trade that established

and openness and

in grasping information and technology extended via trade via extended technology and information grasping in h and development have a rate of return of around 78% around of return of rate a have development and h nt

role in technological change within industries of a a of industries within change technological in role e t ke u wt acmlto o knowledge, of accumulation with up keep to der policy research “ research policy 11 ha

ve on growth, we need to assess how well the well assesshow to need we growth, on ve es, but also improvements are observed by observed are improvements also but es, more

educated are up to threefold more threefold to up are educated Social De Social wt oens ad sound and openness with d

and workers were positively were workers and velopment in Economic in velopment garding engineering and engineering garding lower

increase for the for increase

way ,

CEU eTD Collection those studies us help such, As information. and knowledge, skills, of importance outmost the emphasizing oftheirlabour quality overall need countries investment, attracting in tough is competition in increases with rewarded has education of 13%by25%(Jamisonproductivity ofrice by wheat and years more or 7 of completion the Nepal, (Birdsall education lesser probable - - - - - chapter this closing In

to Checks and balances and leadChecks will toaddressing Proper will methodof incentives isInvestment improvements, ineducation qualitative achieving notenoughin There is powerful co a hasstrong a ona Education influence wide implement determine

fertilizer , 1993). In a similar note, Jamison and Moock, have concluded that in that concluded have Moock, and Jamison note, similar a In 1993). ,

the following conclusions: the following force , we can realiz can we , s -

determ by providing a betterandmoreappropriat providinga by and a do ination between quality between ination ofgovernance and pt deliver e

that in order to order in that modern technology compared to the ones with with ones the to compared technology modern 12

a betterimplementationa of reforms,and, variety the issue of mismanagement. &

Moock

of outcomes, social and economic adjust , 1994, pp.13 , 1994, o otnal strengthen continually to

to the to environment e

). education

education

system

where

the ,

CEU eTD Collection poor established recomme policy attractive edu the of issue the however, influenc are sustainability economic ultimately and culture, demographics, thorough a needs which topic, specific a is unemployment and education between causality the However, of importance studies their focused economists development Major ly

structured system education hasonthe higher 4) 3) 2) 1) This research relevant with up coming and issue particular this analyzing in used methodology The economic and education between relationship The e

issue for h otoe f hs suis n ifrn gorpia aes Rcnl i Kosovo, in Recently areas. geographical different in studies these of outcome the investig C

and subsequently the empir the subsequently and HAPTER Kosovo should which and issue, particular this address region the in countries do How arethey ways contributing tounemployment? education higher the of parts Which system? education higher current educated among society representatives, civil and officials, (government policymakers of perspectives the from issue the Analyzing What are the current laws, institutional policies, and strategies to address the the address to strategies and policies, institutional laws, current the are What education ndations ation research

problems that rel that problems thesis

3 hn eae t oe particula one to related when

– s based is in the overall overall the in , specifically , specifically as unemployment numbers show nosignof

tries to R

adopt asbetterpractice? adopt a

ESEARCH people people cation

addresses questions: the following n fed td. ntal, h theoretical the Initially, study. field a on system a ate

problem ical

the high level of unemployment with poor with unemployment of level high the well B

analysis

ACKGROUNDAND affecting the unemployment levels has become an become has levels unemployment the affecting - university being and and being 13

in Kosovo?

system are causing the problem and in what in and problem the causing are system

was conducted was level precisely

leaders) to what what leaders) to cuty Te icmtne, history, circumstances, The country. r

development and structureand of

growth is an age an is growth

in this in M

s to evaluate the effect that a that effect the evaluate to ETHODOLOGY ignificant

field f priua country. particular a of extent

unempl

- by emphasizing the emphasizing by research long

otiuos that contributors is unemployment is unemployment background oyment. oyment. declining ly

structured

model topic.

. was

CEU eTD Collection the among the problemofunemployment appropriate provide and problem, an analysis,demonstrateindepth an conduct wasto outcome intended The The 5)

theoretical ht oiy hne sol b udrae t addre to undertaken educated workforce? among unemployment be should changes policy What

and policy frameworks policy and

national

educated citizens. and institutional policy recommendations policy institutional and 14 were gradually mapped gradually were

out and studied carefully. studied and out s h polm of problem the ss understanding to deal with deal to

of theof CEU eTD Collection it is just 3,500USD Kosovo, in whereas 5,500USD reaches Kosovo surrounding countries of level income national neighb the of level needs Kosovo poverty. extreme in 15% and line poverty the below lives population a region the in behind far fell Kosovo to sufficient not and Unemployment Poverty and education economic economic better a on reflect will it performance. that so system education higher the within situation the determining in used be to is This Kosovo. of country the for government that the been have elections recent most The mission. peacekeeping a in forces discontinued The country. newborn this for challenges the of representatives many remain still there however, Kosovo; in ee held were One of the biggest challenges for Kosovo remains its economic development as it was was it as development economic its remains Kosovo for challenges biggest the of One a presents thesis the of chapter This progresssignificant a independence, of declaration the after years Five

that continues tobeinefficient.

n 02 hl te euiy n trioil integrity territorial and security the while 2012 in s t ersns vcos yl, h am s o ti to is aim the cycle, vicious a represents it As

to n eebr 02 Tee lcin, just elections, These 2012. December on nearly hand oring countries. According to the World Bank indicators, the average gross average the indicators, Bank World the to According countries. oring (World Bank, 2013, pp.6 (World Bank, 2013, state C le

double

development HAPTER the

now persistent

the economic growth so that it will be able to able be will it that so growth economic the

have

– provide a healthier a provide contributio sovereign

A i rmis h poet onr, hr 4% of 45% where country, poorest the remains it s with situation N

). O comprehensive

15 VERVIEW OF

power

since regard

s rvos ns hv gnrtd a generated have ones, previous as

picture of key economic indicators economic key of picture international K

o une to OSOVO e are

bte rltosi s that so relationship better a urgent

n to each n toeach other. maintained pomn ad poverty. and mployment

osdrn the Considering

survei need to improve to need parliamentary has been achieved been has catch

llance y h NATO the by

the

has been has income region

ones

the the ,

CEU eTD Collection in 10% in education, trade,13% in employed were 17% some of structure pp Bank, 2011, dependents many and members elderly include which households, large by characterized povert extreme concentrated the of out that shows codn t te U Commission EU the to According Bank World The employment shows that labour has shifted mainly towards non towards mainly shifted has labour that shows employment

in rural areas with 31,5% in 2011. Furthermore, the same the Furthermore, 2011. in 31,5% with areas rural in percentages Graph Graph . Source: World Bank, World 2011 Source: 2013 Database, Bank World Source: 3). , s el Fnly te eot ocue ta ti pr o te ouain is population the of part this that concludes report the Finally, well. as y,

1 2

- -

Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) of line (% poverty national at ratio headcount Poverty Poverty and Extr and Poverty total

report

poorest

nCnupin oet i te eulc fKsv i 2011 in Kosovo of Republic the in Poverty Consumption on

eme poverty headcount in Kosovo headcount poverty eme part

f the of

prog

ress population

00 rges eot n Kosovo on report progress 2010 administration, 8% in constructionin 8% administration,

f 97 te largest the 29.7% of (2009 pattern is observed for for observed is pattern –

2011) in 2011) - tradable tradable

amount sectors

(World , “ The

is –

CEU eTD Collection (KAS) Statistics of a recorded has rate unemployment entrants the new inthemarket. growth en skills a young has country that this that concludes fact the report and progress Kosovo for This problem largest the remains years. unemployment two than more for work not did experience members of 90% with characterized is force labor unemployed weak This unemployed. registered total of 60% minds this Commission,pp. within sector2010, (EU 24). ed of level low to due productivity and investment low exceptionally with characterized manufacturing in 10% only and Graph Graph population, contributes to exacerbate the problem as nearly 30,000 young people with low with people young30,000 nearly as problem the exacerbate contributesto population, , the economy of Kosovo is Kosovo of economy the , Comparing the new country with the region, the region, the with country new the Comparing 2013 Database, Bank World Source: reached workers unskilled of number the 2010, in that indicates report the Furthermore, ter the labor market each year (EU Commission, 2010, pp 24). D 24). pp 2010, Commission, (EU year each market labor the ter 3

Unemployment level in the region (% of total labor force) labor total of (% region level the in Unemployment that have never worked before; moreover, those that have had previous work previous had have that those moreover, before; worked never have that and the World Bank showing some slight positive improvements positive slight some showing Bank World the and

.” The remaining percentage is attributable to agriculture that is that agriculture to attributable is percentage remaining The .” value unable

of 45%, with a recent report from The The from report recent a with 45%, of

to gener to 17

ate

enough job opportunit job enough

figure

above shows that shows above espite having a steady a having espite ies to incorporate to ies Kosovo on average on

(KAS and (KAS

Agency ucated , the ,

CEU eTD Collection inforeign working family countries, especially Western EuropeorAmerica. the on live to bound are members, educated having despite tothedropped due outcome of result a as consumption private 2009.This throughoutthe was year experienced has been rate. inflation higher a influencing in role significant a played in changes frequent However, rough is rate inflation The ways. many in country the helped Rate Inflation fight even 3) pp. 2013, Bank, World h do i the in drop The 2013 (KAS), ofStatistics Agency Kosovo Source: whole the across currency legal the as Euro the of adoption unilateral The

has been observed been has

the country’s poverty problem. Graph Graph

4 fiscal

Inflation rate in Kosovo, in percentage Kosovo, in in Inflation rate . This high unemployment rate has made it difficult for policymakers policymakers for difficult it made has rate unemployment high This . crisis amount

from the year 2011 until the until 2011 year the from

across Europe fiscal

reduction f eitne sos cer niao ta mn families, many that indicator clear a shows remittances of

policy as well as changes in world commodity prices have prices commodity world in changes as well as policy

in remittances due to due remittances in (KAS, 2013) (KAS, 18

prim . first half first

support ly ari A large drop in drop large A

the same as that of Euro zone Euro of that as same the ly due to a substantial dec substantial a dueto ly

the of 2012 because remittances because 2012 of

from other members of the the of members other from financial crisis. financial

the inflation rate inflation territory

The same The lin

e in has to to . CEU eTD Collection pp.5) government a adopted has po Kosovo this of Assembly tackling In future. the for stability macroeconomic to threat a pose would years four last the during spending government in increases recent the however, reported it as 2011 year the for GDP of 1.86% of deficit budget a recorded Kosovo debt. public shows a the as expenditure government by compensated over been has spending private in househ per consumption of of consumption total of percent 0.5 of the that shows Statisticsof Agency driven Accounts National .

by government spending and investment. The Household Budget Survey of the Kosovo the of Survey Budget Household The investment. and spending government by the pushed has spending government in increase constant The 2013 (KAS), ofStatistics Agency Kosovo Source: w growth the 2012, of half first the and 2009 During

con y h Wrd Bank World the by tinuou deficit deficit s increase since the end of s theend 2009. since increase to a maximum maximum a to

Graph Graph olds and consumption per capita per consumption and olds

(2013) 5

- cumulative consumption

Government of Kosovo Spending, in millions in Spending, Kosovo of Government Hsoial, the Historically, .

law Kosovo compared to 2010, and a decrease of 1 percent 1 of decrease a and 2010, to compared Kosovo

n eebr 09 to 2009 December on

of 40% of the GDP the of 40% of 19

of private sector has suffered, “a “a suffered, has sector private of

budget ”

(KAS, 2011, pp.6). 2011,(KAS,

ti h economy the ithin a averaged was

(Assembly of Kosovo, 2009, Kosovo, of (Assembly limit

sbe future ssible h cnrl n local and central the country

t .% f GDP; of 0.7% at This reduction Thisreduction small decreasesmall

was o nae in engage to figure primari has risk

below the , been ly CEU eTD Collection to back rebounded it However, 2010. during slowed slightly GDP of growth the that show Bank World through been provide turn in will that Graph Graph direct Graph Graph Source: World Bank Database, 2013 Database, Bank World Source: The government the from spending in increases The 2013 Database, Bank World Source: achieve external 6

- expenses activities of onoperational the

Budget of t of Budget 7 recent

GDP of Kosovo, in percentage in Kosovo, GDP of

the highest

sector, mainly declines in remittances, FDI, and exports. and FDI, remittances, in declines mainly sector,

global global he Government of Kosovo, End of the year balance in percentage in balance year the of Kosovo,of End he Government a n enhanc n

economic percentage recordedpercentage ever in2012 ement

rss a man has crisis

to the general situation of the economy as they have they as economy the of situation general the to 20

government gd to aged have

influence (World Bank, 2013)

not been directed towards sectors towards directed been not

and notcapitaland investments.

the economy of Kosovo Kosovo of economy the

The statistics from the fromstatistics The

CEU eTD Collection than more of increase an Euro, amount total the Additionally, Euro. 45 2011 2010 Year Table for adjusted or ininflation changes or indexed not are those that is transfers social these of obstruction additional 18 ofStatistics, Welfare Statistics m Agency Social of theKosovo a social so the Currently, the kept Welfare The System out of the education carried been percent” of rate growth annual an recorded 2012 June to up investments capital on Government expenditures increasing. continuously are which projects investment capital the considering referred the in investments % of %

population

low in order to maintain fiscal sustainability. Despite the limitations, a considerable part of of part considerable a limitations, the Despite sustainability. fiscal maintain to order in low 1

- ssistance scheme, ssistance

The statistics show that as much as 35 thousand families receive social assistance of only of assistance social receive families thousand 35 as much as that show statistics The Source: Kosovo of budget The Kosovo of Bank Central the of report 2012 the to According Kosovo welfare statistics, distribution across categories across distribution statistics, welfare Kosovo the

(CBK, 2012, pp.28) 2012, (CBK, population

out in infrastructure development, especially the especially development, infrastructure in out Kosovo Agency of Statistics (KAS), 2011 (KAS), ofStatistics Agency Kosovo

cial safety net covers the basic pension, the pension based on contributions, the contributions, on based pension the pension, basic the covers net safety cial eevs oe ot f oil rnfr r sitne rm h government. the from assistance or transfer social of sort some receives equation income

28,577,179.00EUR Social Assistance 28,257,596.00EUR are covered are

the war invalids, the families of martyrs, and so and martyrs, of families the invalids, war the period

However, However, as always. as always. .

is very limited very is 10% from 2010 showing a deepening of the of deepening a showing 2010 from 10%

had a a had

with some sort of sort some with

as it as spen very

t on social protection for 2011 around 162 million million 162 around 2011 for protection social on t

will be elaborated be will

important in 21

104,005,090.00EUR 92,188,273.00EUR Pensions

terms of social benefits as those provisions those as benefits social of terms

social assistance social

contribution to economic growth when growth economic to contribution

ore than 3 ore than construction

later on, these investments these on, later

(KAS, 2011, pp. 28) pp. 2011, (KAS, 3 0,0 29,249,970.31EUR 23,509,062.00EUR War invalids

on. of high ways, leaving ways, high of 00 people or people 00 situation

According to the to According (CBK)

in terms ofterms in “ ,

a Public round have . 32.4

An are are

CEU eTD Collection those benefits is not On situation. that citizens educated the making thus not benefits, or does insurance net safety social the Furthermore, assistance. needed adequately a final note, besides the problems with limited coverage, the social safety net does net safety social the coverage, limited with problems the besides note, final a

agt h fato o the of fraction the target exceptionally

low

to provide an population 22 adequate

ht ed te ot ad h aon of amount the and most, the needs that

living standard. r unemployed are cover

n unemployment any

n desperate a in CEU eTD Collection better society. positions the within influence their in education higher pursue the from Albanians and Kosovars of thousands embraced will day one that passionate and Kosovo This progress. and cultural, legal, the while achieved was Prishtina harsh an be of number a suffered Kosovo in education asof thenumber Albanian professors local wasincreasing. swit gradually that and language, Serbian the in taught were classes period, beginning programs new as well as Belgrade, of University of braches the on law a enacted Kosovo of Province Autonomous Socialist of Assembly the 1969, in Finally, Belgrade of University of branches as departments technical the and economics, educat higher the year, following The study. of fields chemistry and physics philology, mathematics, the included which Philosophy of year first four Inthe 1960, Prishtina, established. were a when 1958 in back traced be can establishment

achieve legacy ept ti eomu siig ih wti te oit, h yug itr o higher of history young the society, the within light shining enormous this Despite beginnings its and history short relatively a has Kosovo of system education higher The C

the entire social structure as it provided Albanians with Albanians provided it as structure social entire the HAPTER mission

particularly ment o te ouain ad tdns n atclr Etbihn te nvriy of University the Establishing particular. in students and population, the for achievement

stand of emancipating Kosovars and building building Kosovarsand emancipating of o full of praise and admiration, the events turned out to produc to out turned events the admiration, and praise of full Uiest o Pihia ih h eitn dprmns mrig f the of merging departments, existing the with Prishtina of University f 5

–

for Albanians” (UP Albanians” for o ter ihs Drn te 0 ad 0, h Uiest o Prishtina of University the 80s, and 70s the During rights. their for A

was observed to be a a be to observed was

B RIEF

ohr tongue. mother number H ion system was enriched with the medicine, the law and law the medicine, the with enriched was system ion ISTORYOF

of two year colleges, year two of dramatic , 2013, par.5 2013, , 23

formidable

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developments. While it was considered to considered was it While developments. ethnic university IGHER ).

an an ( This University embodied in itself a a itself in embodied University This UP in Mitrovica, 2013, par.2 2013, Mitrovica, in UP

“historic moment for the people of people the for moment “historic uooy f ooo w Kosovo of autonomy region intellectual E

DUCATION was opened for the Departmentfor the was opened mainly education

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1999 ut fe te a i 19, h Uiest o Pihia ut s te isiuin were institutions other as just Prishtina of University the 1999, in war the after Just Milosevic’s of part as away taken was Kosovo of Autonomy the When

reinforces the reinforces for future generations of students and professors have been prosecuted and imprisoned thus repressing the repressing thus imprisoned and prosecuted been have professors and students of

private

system , pp. 1 pp. , of form

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international community international Kosovo’s

houses of Alban of houses

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advancement parallel dreadful .

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Albanians

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independence

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, of

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of Prishtina of

s result a as was getting tougher, a a tougher, getting was

mobilization emerged mobilization

needs for reforms, a reforms, for needs symb “yet,

ol of national national of ol n 96 there 1996 in rsity teaching rsity stands as the the as stands co

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CEU eTD Collection to establishment (B 20,128 as 1 and accreditation for academies, as 3 colleges, university as universities,9 as licensed were filed 10 which of out 23, reached that institutions of number the 2008, Until year. every opened being number a with flooded was system the 2003, in Kosovo in institutions licensing the regulates Instructionthat Administrative the of issuance thisin thepersonalsome interesttokeep of individuals institutionfrom revitaliza away retransformation.this hindered politics of involvement the that out turned it shin to return will institution this standards education and heroic, considered useof the of absence of, lack utter the textbooksor outdated work, teaching the in tra devolutionary of appointment times at rectors, acting “ it, describes system. the with enough co This results. insignificant produce to on carried were few conduct

n 04 te iity f dcto ise aohr diitaie ntuto for Instruction Administrative another issued Education of Ministry the 2004, In the and 2002 in Kosovo in Education Higher on Law the of establishment the After 2001 after follows that period The orst crisis it has been in been has it crisis orst s rpr o Ksv Isiue o Plc Rsac ad eeomn fo 2007 from Development and Research Policy for Institute Kosovo of report a As style school ristow

a thorough

the University of University the of Kosovo Accreditation Agency. It took four years until this this until years four took ItAgency. Accreditation Kosovo of that encourages memorization instead memorization encourages that , 2010 . The number of studen of number The .

emergence jectory from a a from jectory h last the ”

, pp.12 (KIPRED, 2007, pp.11). 2007, (KIPRED,

assessment

the skills the m anaged by a Governing Council and sometimes under interventionist interventionist under sometimes and Council Governing a by anaged

of representatives after thefirst in2001. elections resort ).

quite

Prishtina experienced several years without a rector, some with some rector, a without years several experienced Prishtina are in are four ing bright through educating the future leading elite in Kosovo, in elite leading future the educating through bright ing

of ae y h Mnsr o Euain Thi Education. of Ministry the by made

respectable respectable private decades. UP today is an is today UP decades. complete ts across all those licensed institutions by 2008 reached reached 2008 by institutions licensed those all across ts sh

providers of higher education. In 2008, theMinistryIn 2008, education. higher ofproviders ows complete ows

25 Even though, it was expected that after the war, war, the after that expected was it though, Even

mismatch with mismatch institution

of creativity

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as close tothoseas possible communities s well as . hs a mre the marked has This ). Thaqi, support Wher .

is done on the basis that those regions should have have should regions those that basis the on done is

Prizren a, h Mnse o Educ of Minister the eas, h Ksv Accreditati Kosovo the establish unfortunately,

and in 2013 the public University of Peja. By 2015, it is expected is it 2015, By Peja. of University public the 2013 in and

public universities in universities public

move a performed had

hr i nt n saitc rgrig h nme of number the regarding statistics any not is there f h peiul lcne uieste t ji their join to universities licensed previously the of 26

n A on ation

(MEST, par.33) 2013,

the Mr. ,

Gjilan ec i stig p standard a up setting in gency inspection Buja , Gjak

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access provide

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and the for for - . CEU eTD Collection outrageous adequate missing internship, through knowledge practical of lack aris problems 2 pp. 2011, Forum, skill Economy in (Political shortage through unemployment of causes main the of one as system poor the categorized have that etc) Riinvest, organizations is and limited the demand inothers lacks profiles experts brought where are infr level. unemployment the to capacit of distribution for thenhope initially, and abetter future education. finishing after reasonable therefore, returns financial future of form the in rewards bring to potential the with investment an as of thought be can schooling compulsory after education continue in contributes will powers, that limited workforce with producing actors regulating the and law, the disobeying private) ( actually them of 17.3% whereby it, finishing in succeed education are that students of enthusiasm having Despite attainment. education KIPRED hr hv be a ubr f eerh tde cnutd from conducted studies research of number a been have There The and (public institutions with system, education higher unreconstructed an Having newborn the Kosovo, , 2007, pp. , 2007, C

and distant professorsand relationship between students. and for accomplishing education is ever increasing. Even though, there are large numbers large are though,there Evenincreasing. ever is education accomplishing for value HAPTER

e and and

from the absence of implementing of absence the from

local that is placed upon placed is that eager 14

ies across different fields of higher education, unintentionally contributes unintentionally education, higher of fields different across ies o sue ht tdns nol n nvriis o vi unemployment avoid to universities in enroll students that assume to

). 6 research institutions (i.e. World Bank, European Commission, KIPRED, Commission, European Bank, World (i.e. institutions research

–

to pursue higher education, only 45% of those that those of 45% only education, higher pursue to

K This way, the job market has a large supply of certain profiles where profiles certain of supply large a has market job the way, This OSOVOHIGHER EDUCATI country head

to certain vast

f uoe i eprecn rcr bekn lvl of levels breaking record experiencing is Europe, of wards unemployment. unemployment. wards ).

n dsponig ubr o uepomn, the unemployment, of numbers disappointing and hs suis ae on ot ht h foremost the that out found have studies Those

ly 27 a having than rather studies, of fields

tutrd n ucnrle h uncontrolled and structured modern ON ON

teaching an teaching SYSTEM “ ” ( ” h efrs epe ae to make people efforts The literature

OECD, 2012, pp. 3 pp. 2012, OECD, apply

d evaluating techniques, evaluating d

f , poor infrastructure, poor , or tertiary education tertiary or ALYSIS register om abroad. ge education igher ed international

workforce equivalent

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- ept stsatr ipoeet i dfeet ra, 4 er atr h wr the war, the after years 14 areas, different in improvements satisfactory Despite The

The chain chain The f rmr ad eodr euain y oc. rud 450 rmr ad 4.000 and primary 14.500 Around force. by education secondary and primary of crucial

figure effect

below shows the overall overall the shows below role in influencing the current situation within the higher education system education higher the within situation current the influencing in role unimplemented strategiesand overlapping Lack Lack clear of

of factors hindering the higher education system higher education the hindering factors of laws s in a a in s

having a tremendous a having impacttoday

- dreadful situation dreadful specific fields Concentratio educated workforce educated among Unemployment n only on situation 28

past continues it while workforce

uncontrolled Unreconstru

providers of considering a sequ a considering cted public education university legacy private higher and

litical regime annulled the Kosovo the annulled regime litical as well as political political as well as

to seriously suffer seriously to involvement investment of of politics

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of CEU eTD Collection generators.’ into ‘diploma transforming simply by situation entire the as well as quality of worsening the to contributors (GAP is ofprovider h Th institutions. these in education their for 2007 in paid students that amount total the is This million. €26.5 approximately worth is Kosovo in Sector examsnumber of filterno entrance students,thatcould outthese applications. and the regarding criteria no are there Initially, competiti a fostering

available in the education system provided the provided system education the in available

Institute GAP the to According The entry igher education education igher 2010 ,

f h piae nvriis in universities private the of on Institutions Graph pp.13 , . However, the problem the However, . Kosovo, in education higher ofprivate GAP Source:

5% 14 7%

23% 4%

). - in Kosovo ranges from 900 from ranges in Kosovo

Distribution in Education ofPrivate Students Higher

hs a, hs piae ntttos ae turn have institutions private those way, This

4% institute

Institute for Advanced Studies, A review Areview Studies, Advanced for Institute

eerh “ research, application 54% 43 is that it did not he not did it that is

h mre cn e en s measure a as seen be can market the incentive

n ooo Te rvt Hge Education Higher Private The Kosovo, In

in those institutions, no restrictions on the on restrictions no institutions, those in

Science Computer IT and Administration Business Law Economics – 2008

private a at study of year a for fee e for 5,150 € 5,150

establishment

. The amount of revenues that . The amountof revenuesthat

lp in improving the improving in lp

of new institutions new of ed out to become become to out ed

situation

towards ” .

CEU eTD Collection 2011 of Fair Job the was notany ( workforce 200,000 as many as years, 5 next the within that, estimated is there that fact the despite positions to leads involved actors the between collaboration and coordination of lack data statistical time employers market The responsivebecome tothe needsof and economy. thesociety national on based plans term long creating hence and cadre professional national a is it agriculture, or processing, wood protection, a to education the higher what institutions offering. are large a market the within demand the since decision economics, as such university flexible inst those in enrollment bout

the owners of private higher education, the situation is in desperate need for reforms to bring bring to reforms for need desperate in is situation the education, higher private of owners the

bte future. better a

According tothe Ms.According cur issue paramount A provided have studies of fields those that opportunities financial enormous the Despite The their continue to students for reasons possible only the situation, dire this Considering iceac between discrepancy classes focus finally andrequirements, and degree. a on just receiving

s and the public and private universities. Moreover, the system lacks system the Moreover, universities. private and public the and upport the argument that the that argument the upport

World Bank, 2008, pp.6 2008, Bank, World initiative statistics - university coordination university

that would would that management, or law studies. However, this However, studies. law or management,

to improve this situation. were left were that

itutions can be high unemployment, low capacity of the public university,thepublicunemployment,of capacity low high be can itutions nta o loig o itrainl xet aor i environmental in aboard experts international for looking of Instead are provided are

Ajdini the needs in the market, those what students are are students what those market, the in needs the rently within the labor market is the lacking coordination between coordination lacking the is market labor the within rently

stream unfilled mainly due to the lack of the of lack the to due mainly unfilled , representativeof theKBA, the ).

the processes of reforms as well as research activiti research as well as reforms of processes the The

in this section together with the ones from the from ones the with together section this in vast y outh

cooperation

is limited, is unemployment. 44

in Kosovo in

therefor still stands at the at stands still

young people will become part of the of part become will people young is highly attracted highly is strategic decision strategic h Wrd ak eot f 2008 of report Bank World The e has been proven been has

we majority actual could conc could qualification

initial level initial

akt eerh and research market

vacancies offered at vacant

, by fields of studies of fields by

to build domestic build to adequate and real and adequate lude that there isthere that lude

interested

to be a wrong a be to of applicants, of

available

since there since es. Thises. public and ,

job

CEU eTD Collection Macedonia Veles, in academies our have we here; stop not does bank our within training “the evaluate months 6 of period a for applicants hire and program Bankers Young the established have we employees, unqualified of problem the avoiding In qualifications. We bank. posi open any for applicants 100 around have we average “on that, acknowledged programs.” designing the with work to qualification necessary and experience lack applicants “the claims, graduate a was intention their students, their advertised Even they programs. whereby education, higher of providers private were them of number 600. that students of number the where Kosovo in Commerce of Chamber 4.7%. at public the of technology information and un sciences computer of field the in time first the for enrolled that students of number the 2011 to 2008 from that note to fascinating is it Here, ever lac the to an due rate at increasing struggling are sector, telecommunications and energy technology, informational while sector legal or management, finance, banking, the in hired was majority the presumably measurement mess whole this of consequence direct a is which iversity dropped from 5.7% to 3.8%, whereas in the private universities theprivate in whereas 3.8%, to 5.7% from dropped iversity

It is necessary to note that out of 16 companies that were taking place, a a place, taking were that companies 16 of out that note to necessary is It In the interviews conducted there, Mr. there, conducted interviews the In American and Labor of Ministry by 2013 April on organized was Fair Job Another

n h bss fsiaiiy for suitability of basis the on level face n h ohr ad Mr. hand, other the On

programs. ihn h euain system. education the within

though lt f rbes hl sreig h apiat ad ofrig their confirming and applicants the screening while problems of lot a te wr ofrn inter offering were they ,

k of educated workforce that is available in the respective fields. respective the in available is that workforce educated of k rather

marketing strategy for attracting those students to different different to students those attracting for strategy marketing our

Zeka

pn oiin. I adto, Mr. addition, In positions.” open

45 Kerqeli u o 686 plcns ol 99 whereby 969, only applicants, 6,836 of Out recruitment a

created by created si porm fr h rcnl graduated recently the for programs nship

from a printing and advertising and printing a from

lack of regulation and metrics of of metrics and regulation of lack , specialist train

them on them attended it reached nearly reached it attended

, this t r Cei Bank Credit Pro at

percentage stands percentage general Zeka tion within within tion considerable

articulated,

skills and skills company our

CEU eTD Collection team writing. planning,communication, work, managementand and we research, this to need institutions education higher companies. private of employers shows which 2010,” for Barometer “Employment the within Analysis Economic and Social for Institute The employers. and providers education the with coordination in used be then will that information and market job the researching in specifically designed are that studies businesses. large of medium and force labor the within position the equipping and training the to associated costs the reasonable, perfectly sounds this While promotion.” and development further for qualified be to order in program staff our where Germany Furth, in and Writing skillsWriting Personality Confidentiality/self skillsIntellectual skillsCommunication Source: on based policies their direct should Kosovo of Government the in makers policy The 10%

is educated is

Institute for Social and Economic Analysis Analysis Economic and Social Institutefor - 9% confidence

can once again again once can 12% bank 6%

Barometer Barometer Graph

, it still lacks basic skills to be eligible for an entry position in the majority the in position entry an for eligible be to skills basic lacks still it ,

are extremely high. This proves the point that despite the fact that the that fact the despite that point the proves This high. extremely are 15 Analyzing and decision makingdecisionandAnalyzing Integrity Calculation Planningand Management Team work 14%

12% -

Skills that value employers Employment hiring while

Thus, it is it Thus, 13% acknowledge 8% develop

t g rglry n fns or akn academy banking our finish and regularly go to s

absolut their curricula. their 46

the importance of those those of importance the -

Universum College, Employment Barometer, 2010 Barometer, Employment College, Universum Foreign LanguagesForeign orientationTeam work SkillsIntellectual studyfieldof inrelevantEducation IT knowledge etrudrtnig fsil eurd by required skills of understanding better a ely based on this type of research that the that research of type this on based ely 6% 11%

Referring to the below charts from charts below the to Referring 6% nvru Clee odce the conducted College Universum

12%

aim in creating valuable creating in aim 11% specific 11% Work ExperienceWork CulturalBackground Personality university from prestigiousDiploma SuperiorEducation

applicants for a a for applicants 10%

10%

kls uh as such skills 11%

CEU eTD Collection families. their within recruitment with driven are they as skills of terms in scrutiny no is there where businesses family decreases. a identified be easily can There institutions. education higher with coordination the concerning market the within employers that to respond thatare to the changes market. the taken be to ofneed changes and improvements needs the with harmony and compliance in are universities of curricula that so out carried isproper investmentif achieved be only can unemployment, fighting requirements market of thelabor universities is perceived This D F The sustainable A Professor Source:

Medium

This brings about the concern that concern the about brings This Large Small research hl b supported be shall graph graph Institute for Social and Economic Ana Economic and Social Institutefor Graph

in themarket thecoordination education. regarding higher with Peffers otne t etbih h fc ta tee is there that fact the establish to continues 16

of “Employment Barometer for 2010” has also looked at the at looked also has 2010” for Barometer “Employment of long oee, h fc ta lre opne ae ihy istsid ih the with dissatisfied highly are companies large that fact the However,

–

Satisfaction among employers regarding coordinationSatisfaction regarding employers with among universities

argues that the changes that need to be made on the curricula within curricula the on made be to need that changes the that argues - term solution, for the improvement within the education system and and system education the within improvement the for solution, term 51% 55%

trend ( n bsd n ytmc tde ta so te ed and needs the show that studies systemic on based and Peffers quickly

68%

within companies. As they grow in size, the satisfaction the size, in grow they As companies. within

et al. 2005, pp. 2005, et al. taking place inthe Yes constantly lysis 47 small enterprises in Kosovo are characterized as characterized are Kosovo in enterprises small

- Universum College, Employment Barometer, 2010 Barometer, Employment College, Universum No

within within 40). 49% 45% globalized world.

those 32%

curricula in order to be able be to order in curricula dis otn aog private among content

Additional sat isfaction

ly,

CEU eTD Collection the despite Furthermore, for civil and democratization society.” utilities, public housing, like sectors, other to compared as figure modest a be to seems this education); for percent 5.1 health; for percent (3.6 community donor 204 altogether received sectors of thegovernment, which agenda priori a it was neither war, the of end the after donors international the of agenda the countries” war. the after period the throughout out carried investments of lack the is university, public the in especially ofinvestmentLack to attract foreigninvestment solution direct as a to coordination lower Graph The investments in education in investments The Mrs. 2010 Database, RIMS Source: S S system, education higher the within situation current the to obstacle main Another

submits that, “it is a striking fact to understand that education was never a priority in priority a never was education that understand to fact striking a is “it that, submits ee euain wees the whereas education, level 17

Demukaj is an issue that needs needs that issue an is : Sector: based distribution Moreover, Mrs.Moreover,

continues further by stating by further continues

low level low Demukaj .2 million euro, some 8.7 percent of percent 8.7 some euro, million .2

is further supported

of of in aid millions Kosovo,in (1999 prompt investment were were

in her her in public

primari attention considering the fact that Kosovo is aiming is Kosovo that fact the considering attention study 48

due , nvriy eevd n ninfcn portion. insignificant an received university comba

ly directed ly “as of the end of 2008, health and education and health 2008, of end the of “as

regarding “Aid effectiveness in post effectivenessin “Aid regarding

to by the following statistical thefollowing data.”by priority t the

towards reconstruction of schools schools of reconstruction towards – overal

2008) , the , the

l unemployment. amounts invested amounts total amount spent amounttotal

have not have ty in the in ty - conflict conflict

by the by

CEU eTD Collection roughby the across schools th within secondarysalaries As country. and primary of construction for mainly investments, capital Graph of thegovernment. agenda priorities the in years,more three least at forbe not will and been, not has itself in education that trend, sector. education serious are financially problem to government of impossibility the and funding donor decreasing the of trends the the overturning in successful been

€ € € € € € €

10,000,000.00 20,000,000.00 30,000,000.00 40,000,000.00 50,000,000.00 60,000,000.00 70,000,000.00 18

and

Education of Ministry the of expenditures the Furthermore, oftheAssembly Gazette Official Source: decreasing a shows years past the for Finance of Ministry the to allocated budget The –

ly Budget of theMinistryof Education 2009 since

in the future the projections do not do projections the future the in the same value.

€

2008

2009 Budget of the Ministry of Education

is 2010 ministry btce twrs h frhr nacmn o the of enhancement further the towards obstacles situation

2011

have increased steadi increased have

of Kosovo, Budget of the Republic of Kosovo, 2013 ofKosovo, theRepublic of Budget ofKosovo,

that has prevailed since after the war. war. the after since prevailed has that

2012 49 provide

2013

space for hope. for space

2014 ly , the investments have decreased have investments the ,

2015 are mainly concentrated mainly are

This, in turn, confirms turn, in This,

2016

Consequently,

Projected Executed Budgeted tack

higher le

the

CEU eTD Collection government. categ own their have universities place. took budgeting the when own their on categorized were Graph and Education of Ministry the off taken been have universities public the 2008, Since Source: Official Gazette of the Assembly of oftheAssembly Gazette Official Source:

€ € € € € € €

10,000,000.00 20,000,000.00 30,000,000.00 40,000,000.00 50,000,000.00 60,000,000.00 70,000,000.00 19

: Distribution: of expenditures oftheMinistry Education 2009 since

€

Budget of the Ministry of Education

ories and and ories are financed are Kosovo, Budget of the Republic of Kosovo, 2013 ofKosovo, oftheRepublic Budget Kosovo, 50

primari ly

through block grants from the from grants block through

Since then, the three public public three the then, Since

2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009

CEU eTD Collection increase proportional a without university the within salaries the doubling of instruction administrative government a to attributable is category particular this for Prishtina of University the at 2013 contributed the of share largest The 2015. and 2014 for budgets expected the and universities,

€ € € € € € € € € € € € € € € €

€

1,000,000.00 1,500,000.00 2,000,000.00 2,500,000.00 3,000,000.00 3,500,000.00 4,000,000.00 € 1,000,000.00 1,500,000.00 2,000,000.00 2,500,000.00 10,000,000.00 15,000,000.00 20,000,000.00 25,000,000.00 30,000,000.00 €

5,000,000.00

500,000.00 500,000.00 The three charts above show the show above charts three The Graph in quality of education supplied. education of quality in Source: Official Gazette of the Assembly of Kosovo, Budget Budget ofKosovo, oftheAssembly Gazette Official Source:

€ € to expenditures for salaries a salaries for expenditures to

€ 20 - -

: Distribution: of expenditures within publicuniversities since the 2008

University University of Prishtina University University of Prizren University University of Peja

distribution Furthermore, the revenues generated within the public the within generated revenues the Furthermore, nd daily allowances. daily nd 51

of expenditures in each of the three public three the of each in expenditures of

of the Republic of Kosovo, 2013 Kosovo, of oftheRepublic The sharp increase for 2012 and 2012 for increase sharp The

projection 2014***projection 2013 2012 2011 2010 projection 2015***projection projection 2015***projection 2014***projection 2013 projection 2014***projection 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

budget

is is CEU eTD Collection 306EUR. only reaches the to compared if and 1.67%, only was aspect. this in behind far stands Kosovo that show to reports OECD from taken are graphs following as well made be to investments investments. capital for allocated univer public the within investments for need outmost operate Peja, grants. block and government of Prizren basis the in on completely universities, public two other the while, fees; administrative of fee tuition semester of result a as income generated self from remaining Prishtina of University .

The level of expenditures for education in Kosovo, from 3.9billion euro GDP in 2009, in GDP euro 3.9billion from Kosovo, in education for expenditures of level The n oprn te ulc xedtrs n dcto as education in expenditures public the comparing In

2013 Source:

Barometer, 2010 Barometer, University of University of University of

Official Gazette of the Assembly of Kosovo, Budget of the Republic of Kosovo, Kosovo, of Republic the of Budget Kosovo, of Assembly the of Gazette Official Prishtina Prizren Peja 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013

0% are composed are ,

Graph th

Government Block Grants Block Government erefore the public universities are in need of rearranging the revenues,the rearranging of need in universities are public the erefore 21 : Financing: of Public percentages Universities, in share

This form of financing does not allow for reforms and large and reforms for allow not does financing of form This 20%

of block grants from the government nearly 60% and the and 60% nearly government the from grants block of

amount spe amount 52 40%

Self nt

per student, in higher education, the valuethe education, higher in student, per - sities, only a a only sities, generated income generated It is is It 60% essent

a a t nt that note to ial remarkabl ecnae f D, the GDP, of percentage

80%

50EUR and minor and 50EUR y small portion is portion small y , 100%

ept the despite

CEU eTD Collection Graph Graph Source: Table 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 Year 7 22 23

–

Public expenditures on education on Public in 2009 since expenditures Kosovo 2012 Database, OECD Source: 2012 Database, OECD Source: University and oftheMinistry Expenses of Republic the of Budget ofKosovo, oftheAssembly Gazette Official - -

Public primary, secondary on education, and tertiary expenditure studentper 2009 for Public 2009 on theyear EducationGDP for expenditures level,cent by per of Ministry of Education Expenses 45.71 43.22 42.07 43.07 53.59

of Prishtina University Expenses 27.66 27.19 15.61 15.16 11.58

Students in Number of university the 60,000 56,000 49,844 44,130 37,839 public ,

and GDP are in millions ofEUR in millions are GDP and

Domestic 5 4 4 4 3 Product , , , , ,

121.00 857.00 637.00 216.00 912.00 Gross Gross

Expenditures on Education as %of 1.43% 1.45% 1.24% 1.38% 1.67%

GDP Kosovo, 2013 Kosovo,

Expenditures education as on higher % of GDP %

0.54% 0.56% 0.34% 0.36% 0.30%

Amount student 460.99 485.58 313.15 343.55 305.99 per per

CEU eTD Collection qualif foreign the with countries their within offered qualifications the that alignsmove a Convention, Recognition theLisbonadopted have countries entir the for institutions education higher average, on Hence, Serbia. and Croatia for especially high, quite is to striking is it However, small. is The Process. Bologna education, higher on laws systemseducation of countries intheregion. Appendixes the in Process. Bologna the by stemmed been have that developments of review the carries it and 2010, year the for countries signatory Bologna all for published data the having fundamental most the developments. reform of terms in stands region in countries the to order in conducted been has Europe Southeastern the for comparison regional is assessed is Referring to the table above, a above, table the to Referring Education Source: Serbia Montenegro Macedonia Croatia Herzegovina Bosnia and Albania in are that countries for especially has, education that relevance the to Due

Country

to be positive(E be to

area size reform

University Association (EUA) Association University

C Table o hw cl a show to

HAPTER of higher education systems, compared to larger European Countries, European larger to compared systems, education higher of n te iig ifr a sm hv done have some as differs timing the and Educatio Law onLaw 8 Higher

for the counties in the Wes the in counties the for – n

2005 2003 2008 2003 2007 2007 Regional comparison of higher educationRegionalof comparison systems

note UA

7 ,

ae pcue of picture earer ll – 2010 that the number of licensed higher education institutions education higher licensed of number the that 2007 number of

students Average Average

the R 235 170 105 e - EGIONAL 25 19 89 2009

, pp. ,

countries ra tns t 60 wih s eaiey ml. All small. relatively is which 2690, at stands area , , , , , , 940 400 082 500 358 849 54

, 90).

European Union 2010 Union European

Institution Education Licensed This Higher ication. In addition, all addition, In ication. in the region region the in C s the

OMPARISON tern Balkans, the Balkans, tern chapter 88 11 23 54 39 27

urn stain ihn h higher the within situation current recognitio conventio

Lisbon The Bologna Process Bologna The

has been formulated based on based formulated been has n n

2004 2004 2002 2002 2004 2002

Two the number the have

other to to to to to to right managed to pass to managed Qualifications

i be developed be developed be developed be developed be developed be developed Framework mpact it is currently is it mpact National the countries the

fe jiig the joining after tables are placed are tables

of stud of assess transition, a a transition,

is seen is ents per per ents

where where

have new

as CEU eTD Collection 2010) legislation, such adopted regulations. these of implementation under of participation Croatia and Herzegovina and Bosnia aspect. this in records keeping are countries the of to managed them of none country each within present Agency Assurance Quality a is there though, Even institutions. operate that system ( level European Southeastern region to relevance of is issue this and in, achieved have Process Bologna the adopted countriesthat 12 only workload, the with outcomes learning connecting of intention class. particular a of workload the and outcomes essential process the 2010, by process this formalize to intention the Despite Framework. Qualification European Framework, Qualifications ( ENIC/ established EUA CHEPS, 2008, pp. 2008, CHEPS, es

tablished . liig ht hs iiain oe a a eut f the of result a as comes limitation this that claiming , 2010, pp. 2010, ,

as they need to need they as

The mobility of students within within students of mobility The all that noted be to is it assurance, quality of terms In countr the All has been prolonged has been

o oe ht h patcl sg o toe rdt is credits those of usage practical the that note to

agencies (EUA, 2010). agencies 63). 7). NARIC a a accreditation an as s Moreover, all the countries in the region are developing their own Nat own their developing are region the in countries the all Moreover, ies in the region have already implanted the ECTS credits. ECTS the implanted already have region the in ies

address -

represented groups, and they they and groups, represented but

integrate but the process is t is process the but

centers, supported by the implementation of the Lisbon Convention Lisbon the of implementation the by supported centers, until later duetothe complexityuntil later ofthis task.

hr i nt n assmn i trs f implementation of terms in assessment any not is there it immediately. immediately. it

as members within any European or International network International or European any within members as

n h ohr ad Mcdna n Mneer have Montenegro and Macedonia hand, other the On a country or in regional level has stagnated has level regional in or country r reported are agency Westerhijden aking too long and it is in is it and long too aking 55

As for the social equity in higher education, only education, higher in equity social the for As

Westerheijden

ewe mnsre ad ihr education higher and ministries between

to have have to

bl conduct ames these problems on European on problems these ames commo the countries the lack

submits that despite hav despite that submits legislation

n common in l lne t te learning the to linked nly ytmc oioig of monitoring systemic

contradiction

have put in place a place in put have

n otrn the fostering in However, it is it However, understanding ,

and none of none and

with the with

ing the ing (EUA, ional ,

CEU eTD Collection country toanother. the lead will region re developing and institutions, of governance the reforming financing, of method the reforming on, strategies implementing years. following the during 2010) coordination included follow Croatia of involvement the .

the Bologna implementation reforms. Additionally, only Macedonia only Additionally, reforms. implementation Bologna the In conclusion, the region will will region the conclusion, In employabilityand measured with degree some to qualitativeisa educationsystem Having reported employer Te eann cutis eotd mc lower much a reported countries remaining The . aig nldd ersnaie o epoe ascain i te rus that groups the in associations employer of representatives included having

way prospectiv representatives for formulating curricula, curricula, formulating for representatives

for creating a network of network a creating for

Mainly, the implementation of laws and regulations, developing and developing regulations, and laws of implementation the Mainly, e

lia

employers in designing policies. Only Macedonia, Albania, and Albania, Macedonia, Only policies. designing in employers ble quality ass quality ble face

a number of challenges on high on challenges of number a 56 urance and accreditation agencies. accreditation and urance

mobility

for students and professors from one from professors and students for s el s market as well as scale

f involvement of er ed er is reported is ucation systems ucation

This way, the way, This - university

to h to (EUA, ave CEU eTD Collection the within competing in prepared markets. orEuropean regional well not are Kosovo of graduates the where situation a inKosovsystem education higher education. higher of providers private and universities public all accrediting Agency Accreditation Kosovo education, higher on law the modernizing in more the with Peja, and Prizren in universities public other two opened have universities their changed standards, Bologna the of implementation the With standards. European taken initiatives has government the Furthermore, decade. last the over enrolled students of elevation an in resulted just has market, the entering providers private the with institutions, education region value a isthis Euro, and320 about just yearsof lastthree the for valueaverage observe an can aspect, this in behind lags Kosovo countries, OECD the to Compared 0.34%. just was GDP, of terms in education, higher on spending The countries. OECD the within 5.1% of percentage average the behind far is this education of sector whole a to sufficient not is education higher to results. disappointing yield to continues and problems cquire

the in behind falls Kosovo Moreover, countries. OECD of expenditures to compared as well, in terms of education ofinterms well, as

h euain etr n ooo especia Kosovo, in sector education The education, and and education, Gjilan

n arig u rfrs ihn h euain ytm to system education the within reforms out carrying in C HAPTER academic , Gjakova thus yielding a poor overall quality of teaching. of quality overall poor a yielding thus

8 , and Mitrovica. Recently, there have been a number of consultations on consultations of number a been have there Recently, Mitrovica. and , structure

– has decreased from 1.67% in 2009, to just about 1.24% in 2011 in 1.24% about just to 2009, in 1.67% from decreased has as well as

OLICY

has already been established and it carries out the process of of process the out carries it and established been already has

o is not aligned with the needs of the labor market, resulting inresulting market, labor the of needs the with aligned not is o . When analyzing these expenditu these analyzing When . in accordance. Additionally, the government has invest has government the Additionally, accordance. in in vestment R ECOMMENDATIONAND satisfy swl ste law the as well as 57

and h icesn nme o yuh that youth of number increasing the

l te etay n, ean lae with loaded remains one, tertiary the lly quality The portion of the state state the of portion The . An increase in the number of higherof thenumber in increase .An on pre on

res per student enrolled, we enrolled, student per res C intention

- Kosovo’s spending on the the Kosovo’son spending ONCLUSION make nvriy education university

Yet importantly, the importantly, Yet t n ie ih the with line in it

foeig three opening of funds

dedicated aspire minimal ed and ed . The . , and ,

CEU eTD Collection the continues practicing currently methods system. implemented theeducation and trends, the being priority biggest the with time, economic Kosovo become now have and future the for currently Two one. tertiary the all above s mea systematic the improving for rationale main the current to According system. education the in policy unemployment to lead would suitable capacity. and demands its and market the raising specializedit capacities, highly improvements no institutional ystem of education] performance” (Riinvest, performance” ystem ofeducation] 2003, pp.9). - making institutions should institutions making Kosovo

Now, Ko in system education the Recently,

policy educatio needs desperately new profiles and and profiles new desperately needs being prepared being

as those sovo has not yet a clear vision or a long long a or vision clear a yet not has sovo education

and organizational one. However, the real life examples and the available data show data available the and examples life real the However, one. organizational and it is matterof a , and and ,

has no has n policies, which would be be would which policies, n at all at new remain rather hence

costs.

reason . Moreover, this system is constantly failing in producing in failing constantly is system this Moreover, . profiles be would . As such, students fail in identifying what are the are what identifying in fail students such, As .

a the ab the tramped with the with tramped Hence, there is an an is there Hence, choice o

to instead utmost euto i te n. s rsl, h am n the and aim the result, a As end. the in reduction ility to set appropriate targets and/or reform current policy, is is policy, current reform and/or targets appropriate set to ility guarante s national hift

becau

impose

towards introducing systems of systems introducing towards Thereafter, the focus should be on building building on be should focus the Thereafter, mergency Riinvest improvement e most e of se

Kosovo taeis ae ald th failed have strategies a brighter future for younger generations so long as itas long generationsso younger brighterforfuture a responsive s additional additional s choice

58 new urgent desirabl habit

Institute, “measuring outcomes and evaluating and outcomes “measuring Institute,

underwent an all an underwent

eatet o suy ohr than other study, of departments have suring and monitoring of labor market [and market labor of monitoring and suring

of economics, management, or law, which which law, or management, economics, of plan

and not a a not and

need for a thorough research of the labor the of research thorough a for need of the education system. With the current the With system. education the of

e to the labor market signals and and signals market labor the to

for theKosovo’s economy.

economic

the makers policy a set oneat priorities

on developing the educational sector, educational the developing on

choice

burden to the burdento s far is - level reform, level

performance eas o ra interest. real of because ,

promising and

h tid n is one third the competent communi

as well as an an as well as

surveillance goal job profiles profiles job accordingly therefore law

of the the of ty

and and

CEU eTD Collection producingreportsand on professio 10 of number minimum a sector. education the in trends and issues with deal only would which office, this within department specific a opening by easily, achieved be could goal this successfully, al established, already is Office Statistical Kosovo the Since the Quantifying to bereduced minimum.could a are numbers unemployment the while vacant, remain to positions job for chances long overall the for other to market job the and system education Kosovo continuously the to contributors major the of one the of reduction this of establishment The basis. yearly the on parties it so country, the and estimated, economical the parameters, macroeconomic the and market. job the and institutions the from data obtaining in focused be would which Institute, an establish to results, long the f crucial developments” und they time same the at and decisions, current of adoption a professionalEstablish the problemand Statistical data “are an an “are data Statistical recommendations of number a point, standing this From . Only with the opening of t of opening the with Only . or successful functioning of the economy of any country.” Therefore, it is it Therefore, country.” any of economy the of functioning successful or - term sus term ultimately could ultimately

( ohv 20, pp.1 2006, Goshev, appropriat gap recommendation tainability

currently prevailing, which is one of the main reasons for this failure, and failure, this for reasons main the of one is which prevailing, currently a - Kosovo Education embnfto h country. the of benefit term e

yearly basis

fteeuainsse adt t hne o rdcn positive producing for chances its to and system education the of quan

indicator come out with with out come Furthermore

tifying methods on to how : : nals in the field, working intensively on education research education on intensively working field, the in nals his )

Moreover, “their quality, impartiality and and impartiality quality, “their Moreover, for the performances of the economy and economy the of performances the for

institute get

, this institute shall make sure to include the m the include to sure make shall institute this , coordinated and to respond to the needs of each of needs the to respond to and coordinated the

59 Statistics Institute

would it be possible for the two actors, i.e. i.e. actors, two the for possible be it would

recommendation institute extraordinary

With this measure put into action, the action, into put measure this With

undertake c erlie the projections for the future the for projections the erlie ertainly would ertainly huh t s o oeaig very operating not is it though are developed are

and suggestions for the both the for suggestions and ees f nmlyet in unemployment of levels

them. economic

This would require would This contribute towards contribute

on how to tackle to how on

a basis for the for basis a ieies are timeliness

trends in the in trends necessary enormous education icro the

to ,

CEU eTD Collection ‘succ our ba the on evaluated students standardized of Fight the probl funding. increased and subsidies government through encouraged be should experts scarce of type certain a developing would which and results the publish trends, market job identifying towards Research Education for Office proposed already the with collaboration in work shall department This Statistics. of Department own their established has Welfare Social and Labor of Ministry The the Quantifying instead of consider would which policies producing at aim should institutions areas. specific these in potential of areas. specific these in economy the of requirements the mining. up keep Kosovo Moreover, practice. into put be to ready ideas with graduates creating towards cannot for areas potentials economic the of identification The country. the of development sustainable a for athorough researchConduct market market the and labor of trends

communi sfly erl i uieste, hte that whether universities, in enroll essfully’ The problem traces back to the system practices in the high school levels. school high the in practices system the to back traces problem The of is It continue It now should focus on developing developing on focus should now It

regularly and and

just develop translate ty

be keeping withkeeping the paramount

to take pride in the fact that all the students who graduate from high schools do schools high from graduate who studentsthe all that fact the in pride take to em the root from i.e.

assessment

oiae to motivated recommendation forever with the practice of hiring foreign experts for issues in energy, agriculture, or agriculture, energy, in issues for experts foreign hiring of practice the with ment

shall become a priority of the country and its representatives. Kosovo representatives. its and country the of priority a become shall the

o ipy produce simply to priority for the policy makers to to makers policy the for priority

and teaching techniques, we end up with a a with up end we techniques, teaching and long term long sis of “corruptive’ and selfishly motivated activity. motivated selfishly and “corruptive’ of sis flow study

Hence, policy makers and leaders of the public and private and public the of leaders and makers policy Hence, : : and registeringand for law. and economics

in the area of energy, energy, of area the in

from economic

professional staff, which would respond and fulfill and respond would which staff, professional

the high school level school the high rdae wt dpoa; it diplomas; with graduates 60

sustainability. be be private

Kosovo is widely known to have to known widely is Kosovo formulate encourage

agro or In addition, the faculties that are that faculties the addition, In public - uies o mnn industry, mining or business,

long the young people people young the

ns Te iuto has situation The ones. form -

term plethora

shall urgently urgently shall

matching policies, matching

economic It is a a is It Due to a lack a to Due

f graduate of deceit to also to cannot

move plans a

lot of

CEU eTD Collection work skilled suitstowards labor, which creating of Moreover, the theneeds itfacilitates thejobmarket. and bookkeeping, nursing, as assistants.as developed be could pharmacists such professions certain whereby system education higher results. impressive yielding Europe, Western field. or course particular one in schools vocational in offered education vocational with combined company a educationIntroduce dual system practices areimplemented EU with inaccordance standards. the teachers, the of work inves and offices have shall higher a and balances and checks of system a Thiscreates agency. independent an from inspectors specific by out carried be should it rather but teachers, the Matura, School High the for testing the During the Quantifying respectsand characteristics. thedomestic market meetsstillregulations and the EU complieswith which establishing one, by systemeducation the different their practice who achieved be to of terms in schools seeking successful most the as ambitiously declared schools high have we hand, other the On diplomas. school high that know we while school offering who students to studies for universities chances advertisements radio the in hear now we that grave much that become

of the private businesses as they become equipped with with equipped become they as businesses private the of A dual A ,

abusive not thro not

education system is one that prepares of a new generation of practitioners within within practitioners of generation new a of prepares that one is system education

hs ytm a aray en salse i svrl countries, several in established been already has system This and corruptive measures. However, the focus should be the reconstru the be should focus the However, measures. corruptive and recommendation ugh duty fair

rnprnl, hs shos aae o e truh y implementing by through get to manage schools these transparently, activity practices and measures. Considering that there is a lack of inspectors of lack a is there that Considering measures. and practices tigators in a in tigators passing

of schools and universities, and ultimately, make sure that the that sure make ultimately, and universities, and schools of

that

: have

ll the municipalities and their and municipalities the ll exam

no t

Vocational traini Vocational is the basic requirement for the certification of theof certification the for requirement basic the is passed the state level exam after finishing the high high the finishing after exam level state the passed hs ye f ytm ol b a aall f the of parallel a be would system of type This 61

the state administrat standard

exam results, which which results, exam ngs are the are ngs skill

of accountabi of o s ion ed task

ao and labor ol nt e oe by done be not hould

best would be to check the check to be would

identified identified lity. The agencyThe lity. , are are

especial n h other the on commo solution ction of ction ly

the nly

CEU eTD Collection restored. system. the of advantage providers university the within system whole the such, As system. current the within methods controlling and profit, of types different three for allows post the within management and organization Governance Manage and toinvestorsattractive labour increase and the with Qualificationscompatible European Framework (EQF), inorder to be technical workforce and number itshould the increase would of Additionally, skilled labor. education. fordemand vocational the numberof students studentswhether finishing School theHigh Matura testing, percentageshall the ofpoints received determine specificregulations shall be which policies and education The vocational developedin Kosovoframework has been the Quantifying s university, education is henceforth;attend a the vocational to tend people young hand, take come a priority a for to come thegovernment

at becoming inthe domestic becoming productiveat actor a economy t otiue towa contributes it oenn ad aaig h hge euain ntttos ees o h frs of forms the to refers institutions education higher the managing and Governing

are not controlled not are is driven is private are qualifiedare recommendation

by fr by o fr rft ye. oee, hr ae o ay hcs n balances and checks any not are there However, types. profit for not

gain that can apply can hand forintheother the university, create and will that ee d te euto o te nmlyet ubr. utemr, the Furthermore, numbers. unemployment the of reduction the rds

- rider and and rider

In establishing a a establishing In ment Institutions Higher Education of more from this practice as not everyone can get an an get can everyone not as practice this from more

at all. all. at

for

Furthermore, the itwouldreduce university organization This, in turn, yields to mismanaging of finances and taking and finances of mismanaging to yields turn, in This, : : independent

promote - force mobility.

or vocational or vocational control encourage 62

such as such -

eodr euain Te current The education. secondary vocational educationtry and vocational to decision making bodies. Moreover, the private the Moreover, bodies. making decision a hcs n blne sse ms be must system balances and checks a , public

the implementation. education perfec

governed institutions, private for for private institutions, governed t

solution for everyone totake everyone solutiona for . shortage

already. already. H This, limit in will one hand,

get of the

For after instance, owever, there owever,

Kosovo keep unskilled education

legislation it

more public

CEU eTD Collection 500to fees thetuition increase must theuniversity situation, this avoiding unive overcrowding. is amount this that fact the to Due registration for fee participation The the Quantifying in universities the of sustainability financial the ensure to reformed be must universities state the of a leaving mostly income of amount This activities. operating from generated revenues and grants Kosovo in universities public The system. within investments of lack Financing the state university outandimplemented.carried en and institutions Senate. the over level, hierarchal higher a have will Trustees of Board the aspect, this In institution. the an board binary education higher within institutions education higher public management and private the the of Each institutions. and entrusted governance be proper must ensuring Assurance of Quality responsibility and Accreditation for Agency National The the Quantifying the internal rsities, thus pushing the central government to government central the pushing thus rsities,

long runlong to be accredited by the agency. the by accredited be to

system on salaries and daily allowances for the staff and and staff the for allowances daily and salaries on While analyzing the situation within the public universities, we have concluded that the that concluded have we universities, public the within situation the analyzing While h etra bad il then will board external The remarkabl

autonomous governing autonomous

an having of . oevr ti vle s also is value this Moreover,

recommendation recommendation sure that rules and regulations and rules that sure y

low

amount external this

institution for investments and office supplies. As a result, the financing the result, a As supplies. office and investments for

system negligible board of directors of board : :

of one semester at the public universities is only 50 Euro. 50 only is universities public the at semester one of Meanwhile, the higher education institutions will also have also will institutions education higher the Meanwhile, overse

(Senate) that (Senate)

r financed are , a cnrbtd o h dgaain f h whole the of degradation the to contributed has al h oeain wti te ihr education higher the within operations the all e inferior almost 63 ,

as well as proper management of finances, are are finances, of management proper as well as

every student can afford and this results in results this and afford can student every

finance (Board of Trustees) of (Board o oe the cover to

will carry out the out carry will

in administration

w dfeet as sc a block as such ways, different two its operations on operations its operative ha –

, with members of the the of members with , operation universities, those of 1,000 Euros per year per Euros 1,000 s

xess f the of expenses block re - is then spent then is organ

activities of activities

grants. In grants. ize in ize

CEU eTD Collection establishment altern One fees. tuition the afford to able will externality Introduce the voucher s systemfor grade. final as, well as institutions, governmental or companies international or domestic a with experience internship structured system the Moreover, diploma. the of attainment the towards university every in student a become should activity work team the and English of knowledge The the Quantifying market. workforce the of curricula university to universities private some of attempt failed the despite past experience languageMake the English conditions for studying. other (i.e. will method This grantsblock tothe those university and sustainability. financial term long ensure to current p hn h rfr cnenn te iacs f ulc nvriis s are ot an out, carried is universities public of finances the concerning reform the When language, English the are today employers the of qualifications required most three The art (i.e. (i.e. art

wih is which , lags seriously behind in this regard. Those practices should b should practices Those regard. this in behind seriously lags s uh ta n oe hl gaut wtot aig mini a having without graduate shall one no that such, as

includ

grants)

f vuhr ytm o suet ta ae n ed f coasis Te student The scholarships. of need in are that students for system voucher a of

emerg university in the field, and the ability toworkinthat realize in thefield,said, we theability groups. and this With being investment e recommendation e

nhance control over the expenditures as only a frac a only as expenditures the over control nhance will be u be will group projects group particularly e due to the fact that there will be a number of students that will not be not will that students of number a be will there that fact the to due e

and and

sed rns wl te b ue ol for only used be then will grants) mandatory make

for operational activities such as salaries and office supplies. The supplies. office and salaries as such activities operational for

distant to ac to

: : all of them mandatory. Otherwise, we will continue having having continue will we Otherwise, mandatory. them of all

tudents will be divided be will uifre, n not and uninformed, , count

and foster and and internships h cnrl govern central The

tv t oecm ti polm ol b the be would problem this overcome to ative 64 for a significant percentage amount towards the the towards amount percentage significant a for

into investment promote responsive et il hn e transferring be then will ment

creating creating

hs patcs the practices, these

grants current and grants. tion gro e incorporated into the into incorporated e mum of 6 months of of months 6 of mum pre

adequate

o h nes f the of needs the to up of the block grants block the of requisite

work

pc and space

for every every for shall be be shall public a

CEU eTD Collection however, family; European the join to Kosovo for path right the certainly economic c this region.’ the of state ‘model the to state’ fragile newborn once ‘the from transform two. the matching at aiming policies draft to try and market, re the neede skills ( experiences” the with them equipping in and force labor established been already has the and market labor the of demand the between translates which performance, more ina an process. screening based need a qualified is or Matura the in grade certain a than more gets who person each for years 4 that way a such in established be could system voucher The the Quantifying a through accountability voting. dollar voluntary greater a offer and quality the improve to education institutions higher to incentives giving by competition market free promotes system voucher g studies. qualitative strengthen more them offering through students attract and s the within completion the use could then ained from their education education their from ained education ountry om ipeetd n the in implemented forms In conclusion, with this being said, we we said, being this with conclusion, In

and and h jb akt s el as well, as market job the . Moreover, it would would it Moreover, . eed o te olcie cin o the on action, collective the on depends World Bank, 2008, pp.7 2008, Bank, World public recommendation voucher

oiis ad t is it and policies,

ystem.

in either of higher education institutions, yielding to an increased an to yielding institutions, education higher of either in “education plays a a plays “education exact This way, higher education providers, will improve their curricula their improve will providers, education higher way, This

This would help many who who many help would This dcto sys education y ht h mre i epcig rm hm o have. to them from expecting is market the what ly :

). Hence, it should be a matter of high priority to priority high of matter a be should it Hence, ). serve eventu qualified ultimately

diig oc fr tdns o mrv their improve to students for force driving a ly hy ol b rciig plcns h have who applicants receiving be could they ally realize 65 tem, conduct conduct tem, central

work force,inthe supply

mte of matter a

that currently in currently that

role in p in role

of the education system. Moreover, system. education the of eff do a voucher for 1,000 Euro a year for for year a Euro 1,000 for voucher a ectiveness

t egg i lfln learning lifelong in engage to d Only as such can Kosovo can such as Only a

no reparing individuals individuals reparing hruh analysis thorough individual t

have the have end. Kosovo

n patclt o the of practicality and

hs n un could turn in This

possibility responsibility. it should start by by start should it

exists a wide gap wide a exists

The future of future The of the labor labor the of to enter the enter to

ytm of system

to to through aim re afford

view It is is It The

to it

CEU eTD Collection the most, matters what of its asseteducation most valuable improving in focus and priorities its define should Kosovo hence, rather resource valuable a into youth the transform Education. Higher for Zone European the within integration with starting Union, European the with legislation and policies aligning towards steps practical identifying –

its youth.

hn aei ainleooi burden, economic national a it have than

o it Now

i s time to to time s UniversityPeja of UniversityPrizren of projection2015*** projection2014*** UniversityPrishtina of A: Appendix projection2015*** projection2014*** projection2015*** projection2014***

Categorization of budgets

2013 2013 2012 2011 2010 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

***Take

Employees CEU eTD Collection n 2013budgetprojected from as 2155 2142 2142 2142 1992 1932 170 155 110 130 95 95 95

300.24 daily expensesdaily Salaries andSalaries

19,283.08 18,401.15

1,491.00 1,470.15 9,617.76 9,990.02 7,569.76 7,373.26

914.18 704.18 universitiesin for public Kosovo

691.41 Office supplies andservices expenses

1,031.20 1,131.20 3,130.86 3,130.86 3,604.04 2,839.20 3,061.42 2,878.15 424.20 851.20

*Table taken generatedinformation the was usingfrom laws Budget. on All are values the (except in employees) thousands

PPENDIXES

85.00 67 Utilities

1,061.19 1,145.42 1,145.42 1,094.56 170.00 128.00 170.00 947.26 945.28 67.03

Subsidies and

transfers

1,314.00 1,314.93

------

916.70 investments Capital

1,000.00 1,122.00 2,870.00 3,200.00 1,241.48 1,236.99 500.00 489.42

- -

Reserves 560.15

------

1,993.35 Total

27,330.36 27,250.36 27,659.13 27,192.36 15,608.70 15,160.78 11,578.44 12,246.26

1,982.23 3,771.35 3,771.35 3,671.35 3,015.39 2,505.39

971.00 971.00

expenses Total Capital investments Subsidiesandtransfers Utilities Officeservices supplies and Salariesanddaily expenses budget Total Foreigngrant(donation) Local grant(donation) Carry overfromprevious year Self generatedincome Block GrantfromGovernment B: Appendix

Budget of the Ministry ofBudget Technology Education,Ministry Science ofthe and

Allthe values in thousandsare ***Takenas2013 expensesbudget projected from ** Takenfromthe budget financial * Audited statements 2009Public itself,university under categorized hasbeen andhasbeenseparated fromthe ministry ofeducation 58,265.29 46,401.81 73.00 649.58 7,215.26 3,925.64 58,265.29 2,829.24 4.50 - 3,167.18 52,264.37 Budgeted

CEU eTD Collection

2009* 53,594.45 43,474.31 72.25 618.76 5,781.37 3,647.76 53,594.45 1,242.43 - - 2,891.31 49,460.71 Executed

48,298.07 28,149.33 1,815.35 698.30 13,448.73 4,186.36 48,298.07 4,831.24 8.00 - 2,548.31 40,910.51 Budgeted

2010*

43,065.77 26,810.76 1,769.71 669.27 9,930.44 3,885.60 43,065.77 1,462.77 4.47 - 2,201.62 39,396.92 Executed

68 45,515.56 45,515.56 28,448.48 1,453.76 777.56 9,325.15 5,510.61 45,555.56 3,759.64 3.53 239.31 2,229.28 39,323.81 Budgeted

Audited financial Audited Ministry. statements of the *Tableusing informationgenerated was andtakenfrom the onlaws Budget

2011* 42,071.06 27,689.85 1,418.05 721.09 6,815.45 5,426.62 42,071.06 1,216.40 3.48 236.78 1,992.39 38,622.00 Executed

43,224.86 26,677.51 2,133.88 1,062.06 7,514.55 5,836.86 43,224.76 - - - 2,581.47 40,643.29 Budgeted

2012**

45,705.85 22,861.00 4,872.25 1,204.69 8,873.55 7,894.36 45,705.85 - - - 2,680.63 43,025.22 Budgeted 2013**

44,579.59 - - - - - 44,579.59 - - - 2,680.63 41,898.97 Projected 2014***

44,609.59 - - - - - 44,609.59 - - - 2,680.63 41,928.97 Projected 2015***

D: Appendix *Table taken generatedinformation the was usingfrom laws Budget. on C: Appendix Government Block Grants Self - generated income

List ofList Interviews Conducted Financing universities ofin public Kosovo YEAR

Visar Kerqeli Shkendije Haziraj Valon Zeka Naim Defrim Rifaj Shpetim Kalludra Ardita Kokaj Jeton Mehmeti Lumnije Ajdini Dukagjin Pupovci HallChris Name and Surname

CEU eTD Collection

Hasani

University of Prishtina 10,090,933

8,310,215

2012

11,492,860 XHAD Design Company Raiffeisen Bank Kosova CreditPro Bank Kosova Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare Independent Psychologist GAP Institute for Advanced Studies Kosova Business Association Kosova Education American University in Kosova Institution 8,310,215

2013

Center University of Prizren 69

928,184

2012

AUK

1,470,146

2013

University of Peja 2012 0 0

971,000 2013 0

*Table taken Accreditation generatedinformation the was Agency usingfrom (KAA). Kosovo Appendix 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

ofPeja University ofPrizren University Sports) and Culture (Physical ofSport Science Faculty ofArts Faculty Science Technical ofApplied Faculty Technical ofApplied Faculty Mitrovica Metallurgy ofMining and Faculty Engineering ofMechanical Faculty Engineering ofElectric Faculty ofCivil Faculty Sciences Natural and ofMathematics Faculty Veterinary and ofAgriculture Faculty ofMedicine Faculty Sciences ofApplied Faculty Economic ofLaw Faculty of Faculty ofPhilology Faculty ofPhilosophy Faculty Departments of Accredited List E :

Accredited Education Higher Institutions

Education Faculty

Engineering and Architecture and Engineering

CEU eTD Collection -

Sciences Sciences Peja

within the Public University Public within the

- Ferizaj

Mitrovica

List of Accredited Private Providers of Higher Education inKosovo Education of Higher Providers Private of Accredited List PrBHE Akademia e Arteve e PrBHEAkademia PrBHEA Design PrBHEProfesional PrBHEPrizren PrBHEUNIPZ PBHEBiomedica Prishtina in PrBHEEuropean Prizren of PrBHEInternacional Heimerer PrBHEQEAP Factory PrBHEDesign PrBHEEvolucion PrBHETempulli PrBHEUniversi PrBHEHumanistica PrBHEJuridica PrBHEISPE PrBHEESLG PrBHEDukagjini PrBHEGjilani Budi PrBHEPjetër (KMI) PrBHEGlobus PrBHEVictoria PrBHEUniversum PrBHEBiznesi PrBHEDardania PrBHEUBT PrBHEIliria PrBHEFAMA PrBHEAAB PrBHERiinvest PrBHEAAB

Riinvest

*Figure the from taken European is Higher F:The Appendix Education System Commission Higher on October report Education in 2010. Kosovo, CEU eTD Collection structure structure in Kosovo 71

Herzegovina G: Appendix Bosnia and Country Albania Croatia

have tobe taken. cycles possible is ( academic programs within and between different academic programs. Transfer from professional to latter). the But: schools of professional higher education only the and professional programs (polytechnics and professional. Universities can offer both academic Generally twotypes programs: of academic and and second cycle must bemin. 300 ECTS. and max. 120 ECTS (2years). Total firstof cycle ( (3 years) and max. 240 ECTS (4years). Second cycle cycle equivalent) (Bachelor or with 180 min. ECTS education shall Bosnia and Herzegovina stipulates higher that Framework Law onHigher Education 2007 in level)1st and post education: post groupsformal of professional trainingand diploma/Master=2nd level diploma/PhD). Three scheme 3+2+3 (Bachelor=1st level thereones) a is AlbanianIn public universities (andmost private Master I General Informationstudy systemwith on mplementation ofBologna the

or equivalent) with min. 60 ECTS (1 year) relation Structures to Bologna

- be organized inthree cycles: first three cycle system following the aim is universitiesfor tooffer only

CEU eTD Collection maturity, post

- additional master level (Master 2nd of lev

exams/ - bachelor (Master of courses

might tructure in the in tructure el).

most common Structure in No dominant No dominant programs Overall 180/120 model model 72 R

egion

Second cycle (60) Most Most (professional 3rd cycle(in years)

2nd (ECTS); cycle Third cycle: 3 Second cycle: 60 1st cycle (ECTS); cycle 1st First cycle: 180 Third cycle: 3 years polytechnic 120+); First c Second cycle: 120; First cycle: 180; cycle: 3 years common length ycle 180

college & - - 4 years 120; Third - - 240 240; -

120;

at institutional at institutional Yes, regulated Yes, regulated Regulation admission level level No of

Percentage enrolled in two cycledegree (2008/2009) programs >75% >96% 70%

*TableAustria taken was WUS report South from in Higher on: Education Europe, Eastern 2010. Montenegro Macedonia Serbia

first second cycle degree. Contents and ye were 3 and professional programs. Pre Universities and faculties can offer both academic schools). 3+2 and 4+1 year systems are possible. university sector ( independent faculties) and Higher education by universities (including completed after thetwo cycles credits. totalIn min.300 credits have to be to 240credits; second cycle range from is 60 to120 studies possible. is firstThe cycle range from is 180 professional studies to second professional studies. and private faculties which offer academic or Higher education programs provided by universities into the framework of the first cycle.study Some short academic and studies 3+2 for professional transformed into a 4+1 4+1.5 or model for reformed: the traditional 5+2 model was Bologna Process. firstThe two cycles have been A three Binary ars/4 years).ars/4 Reform 2005 abolished former - degree studies were changed. - system cycle structured - cycle system was in place before the - cycle studies were introduced/

CEU eTD Collection academicof and professional studies. vocational Transfer

but longer (4 profession

post

- from first

cycle academic - Bolog -

secondary structures - 5 years/2 - na degrees oriented non - cycle

integrated studies.

of of -

towards 180/120towards No dominant No dominant Tendenc model model 73

First cycle: 240 (180); Second Second cycle: 60( Second cycle (60) Third cycle: 3 years (min.2) including First cycle: 180 First cycle: 240 (180 cycle: (60) 90 cycle: 3 years cycle: 3 year bachelor); professional - - 120); Third 120; Third - - 120;

(240); s

at institutional at institutional at institutional Yes, Yes, regulated Yes, regulated level level level regulated

>90% >95% 30%

*TableAustria taken was WUS report South from in Higher on: Education Europe, Eastern 2010. (Bologna Country H:Regional Appendix Quality Assurance Agencies Herzegovina (observer 2003) (observer Montenegro Bosnia and and Bosnia Macedonia Albania Kosovo Croatia

Serbia (2003) (2003) (2003) (2003) (2001) Accession)

(2003)

Other Other Board of Board Commission for Accreditation and and Accreditation for Commission Public Public Agency Kosovo Kosovo HE (PAAHE); HE(PAAHE); Agency for Development of Development for Agency (QA Higher Education and QA and Education Higher CEU eTD Collection HE; for Council National National Education (ASHE) Education Accreditation Center at University of University at Center

Accreditation for Science and Higher and Science for Montenegro) QA (CAQA) Accreditation Agency Agency Accreditation (ADHEQA) Council Agency (KAA)

QAAgency Accreditation

Agency for for Agency ;

Evaluation

Agency of date Foundation of 2008 in fact) of2008 legislation (end (end legislation (2007 2006/2007 2007 by 2007 2006 2000 2004 1999 -

2009)

ENQA in Membership (Membership planned) (Membership ( (Associate since 2007) since (Associate 2010) since (Associate 2010) since (Associate Associate 74 full membership is membership full

planned

x x since 2007); since

EQAR Membership x x x x x x x

INQAAHE Membership Member Member Member Member x x x

Network QA CEE Membership (membership (membership planned) Member Member Member Member Member x

ofQAsystem Orientation Not applicable Supervisory Supervisory Supervisory Supervisory Advisory Advisory

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