Europe Report, Nr. 120: Kosovo

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Europe Report, Nr. 120: Kosovo IZBORI PREKRETNICE NA KOSOVU 21 Novembar 2001 Priština/Brisel ICG Balkans Report N° 120 TABLE OF CONTENTS REZIME I PREPORUKE ............................................................................................................................i I. UVOD....................................................................................................................................................1 II. STRUKTURE SAMOUPRAVE.........................................................................................................2 A. REZOLUCIJA SAVETA BEZBEDNOSTI UJEDINJENIH NACIJA BR. 1244 .......................................................2 B. USTAVNI OKVIR .........................................................................................................................................3 C. INSTITUCIJE PRIVREMENE SAMOUPRAVE ..................................................................................................4 1. Skupština..........................................................................................................................................4 2. Vlada ................................................................................................................................................6 3. Predsednik........................................................................................................................................7 III. STRANKE KOSOVSKIH ALBANACA...........................................................................................7 A. DEMOKRATSKI SAVEZ KOSOVA (DSK) ......................................................................................................8 B. DEMOKRATSKA PARTIJA KOSOVA (DPK) ..................................................................................................9 C. ALIJANSA ZA BUDUĆNOST KOSOVA (ABK).............................................................................................10 D. MOGUĆE KOMBINACIJE ...........................................................................................................................11 IV. UČEŠĆE SRBA .................................................................................................................................12 A. PROBLEMI .............................................................................................................................................12 B. BEOGRAD I KOSOVO ................................................................................................................................14 C. SPORAZUM............................................................................................................................................15 D. KOSOVSKI SRBI....................................................................................................................................16 V. ZAKLJUČAK ....................................................................................................................................18 APPENDICES A. MAP OF KOSOVO......................................................................................................................................19 A. O MEĐUNARODNOJ KRIZNOJ GRUPI........................................................................................................20 B. ICG IZVEŠTAJI .........................................................................................................................................21 C. ČLANOVI UPRAVNOG ODBORA ICG-A .....................................................................................................25 ICG Balkans Report N° 120 21 Novembar 2001 IZBORI PREKRETNICE NA KOSOVU REZIME Sedamnaestog novembra 2001, stanovnici Kosova okrenuli su novu stranicu sopstvene Osnovno je da je SRSG ovlašćen da savlada bilo istorije time što su uzeli učešća u višestranačkim koji pokušaj iskoračenja van nadležnosti izborima za institucije nove samouprave. Opšta institucija, kao što je predviđeno Ustavnim je ocena da su izbori održani u atmosferi koja je okvirom, dokumentom kojim se određuju bila bolja od one na opštinskim izborima oktobra ovlašćenja novih tela. Posebno što institucije 2000. Iako je bilo više glasača, bilo je znatno nemaju nikakvih ovlašćenja za bilo kakve poteze manje nasilja. za odlučivanje pitanju krajnjeg statusa Kosova. To je u skladu sa rezolucijom Saveta bezbednosti Kao i prošle godine, Albanci su uglavnom UN (UNSCR) br. 1244, kojom je uspostavljen glasali za tri stranke. Za razliku od prošle sadašnji privremeni sistem na Kosovu. godine Srbi su uzeli učešća u izborima. Da su se masovno odazvali, mogli su da dobiju više od 25 Na taj način bi bio uzaludan bilo kakav pokušaj mesta od ukupno 120 poslaničkih mesta u od strane stranaka kosovskih Albanaca da Skupštini. Umesto toga, zbunjujuće poruke koje iskoriste Skupštinu da učine korak ka svom cilju su upućivali njihovi lideri - neke od njih su vršile za nezavisnost. Ipak, bez obzira na ograničenja, kampanju protiv učešća - uticale su na smanjenje Skupština obezbeđuje nov i značajan forum iz broja srpskih glasača. koga će lokalni lideri, pod okriljem legitimiteta demokratskog mandata, moći da osporavaju Uspostavljanje novih institucija samouprave na UNMIK na način koji još uvek nije jasan. Kosovu posle izbora za novu Skupštinu 17. novembra 2001. predstavlja značajni istorijski U predizbornoj kampanji, ključno pitanje je bilo momenat u posleratnom razvoju pokrajine. da li će Srbi uzeti učešća. SRSG se angažovao u Nove institucije imaće ograničenu vlast i uprkos besomučnim pregovorima sa liderima u odbacivanju odgovornosti za svakodnevno Beogradu koji su na kraju urodili plodom tek dve rukovođenje u mnogim delovima vlade, nedelje pre izbora. Dok je sporazum koji je prvobitna vlast Specijalnog predstavnika postignut omogućio da u Beogradu tvrde da su Generalnog sekretara (SRSG) je nesmanjena. oni izvojevali ustupke, ali da UNMIK ne ugrozi odredbe rezolucije Saveta bezbednosti UN br. Pored toga, politički značaj izabrane Skupštine 1244 ili Ustavnog okvira, on je podbunio leži u tome da je ona legitimna za većinsko albanske lidere baš kao i ključno angažovanje albansko stanovništvo, bez obzira na formalna Beograda tokom ovog procesa. ograničenja koja se odnose na njenu nadležnost. Uspostavljanje izabrane Skupštine i vlade Za izbore, u nekim delovima Kosova Srbi nisu Kosova dovešće do nepovratne transformacije izašli u velikom broju. Zastrašivanje srpskih političkog krajolika pokrajine i odnosa između glasača, koje je pokvarilo izbore u regionima administracije UN i lokalnih političkih lidera. pod kontrolom Srba severno od Ibra, samo je IZBORI PREKRETNICE NA KOSOVU ICG Balkans Report N° 120, 21 Novembar 2001 Page ii istaklo potrebu da UNMIK, uz podršku KFOR-a, izabrane institucije Kosova, kako na izađe na kraj sa organizovanim razbojništvom pokrajinskom tako i na opštinskom nivou. koje, uz podršku iz Beograda, sprečava administraciju UN da primeni slovo zakona u 3. Kako bi izbegao nepotrebno trvenje sa ovom regionu. kosovskom većinom, UNMIK bi trebalo, kada je u pitanju predstavljanje spoljnih Zvaničnici sa Zapada uticali su na političke interesa Kosova, da se konsultuje sa lidere sa Kosova da za sada ostave po strani izabranim lokalnim predstavnicima i da pitanje nezavisnosti i da se usredsrede na rad ozbiljno uzme u obzir njihove stavove. novih institucija, i da na taj način pokažu da su sposobni da upravljaju pokrajinom. I zaista, 4. KFOR bi trebalo da nastavi sa delotvornijim preuzimanje odgovornosti za upravljanje merama za zaštitu srpskog i romskog predstavljaće izazov za kosovske lidere, koji su stanovništva, uključujući i zabrane ilegalnih svoje iskustvo stekli u suprotstavljanju a ne u kako srpskih tako i albanskih paravojnih i uspostavljanju vlasti. obaveštajnih snaga. Ali nije realno očekivati da će lideri kosovskih 5. Međunarodna zajednica bi morala da Albanaca ili glasači zaboraviti ono najvažnije preuzme kontrolu nad situacijom u Mitrovici. pitanje, do koga im je najviše stalo. Ako KFOR i policija UNMIK-a bi trebalo da Skupština pokuša da proširi svoju ulogu izvan preduzmu mere, i silom ako je potrebno, onoga što je predviđeno Ustavnim okvirom, ili protiv 'čuvara mosta' i nadležnost UNMIK-a ako usvoji suprotstavljajući pristup, može se bi trebalo, uz podršku KFOR-a, da se prostire očekivati da će je SRSG držati na kratkoj uzici. severno od reke Ibar. U svakom slučaju, malo je verovatno da će novoizabrani zvaničnici duže trpeti sputavanje ZA KOSOVSKE ALBANCE koje im nameće neizabrana međunarodna administracija. Ljutnja Albanaca zbog 6. Novoizabrani predstavnici trebalo bi da se sporazuma UNMIK-a sa Beogradom kako bi se usredsrede na rad novih institucija samouprave obezbedilo učešće Srba, povrh nestrpljenja zbog a ne na preuranjene poteze u pogledu krajnjeg sporog napredovanja ka nezavisnosti, može da statusa Kosova. bude prethodnica zategnutijih odnosa između UNMIK-a i albanskih stranaka posle izbora. 7. Ovi izabrani predstavnici trebalo bi da iniciraju osnivanje komiteta, možda u okviru nove Skupštine, koji bi razmatrao konstruktivne PREPORUKE opcije za usmeravanje odnosa Kosova sa Beogradom, kao i pripremao predloge koji bi činili osnovu za razgovore sa Beogradom i međunarodnom zajednicom. ZA MEĐUNARODNU ZAJEDNICU 8. Lideri kosovskih Albanaca bi trebalo da 1. UNMIK bi trebalo da novim institucijama upotrebe svoj moralni autoritet i preuzmu samouprave omogući što je moguće veću odgovornost za poboljšanje uslova za Srbe i slobodu u upravljanju u okviru odredbi koje Rome na Kosovu, da smanje napade i predviđa Ustavni okvir. Institucije bi
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