Di Elena Perelli

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Di Elena Perelli Le iris barbate Indice Le iris barbate di Elena Perelli Un po’ di storia, qualche consiglio per la coltivazione e alcune nozioni sull’ibridazione - 1 - Le iris barbate Indice Indice Indice ...................................................................................................... i Ringraziamenti ....................................................................................... iii Com’è nata questa guida ........................................................................ iv 1. Nozioni generali sulle iris .................................................................. 1 1.1. Iris specie .................................................................................................. 2 1.2. Come sono nate le moderne iris barbate ................................................... 7 1.3. Classificazione delle iris secondo l’AIS .................................................. 13 1.4. Alla ricerca dei colori ............................................................................... 19 1.5. Iris storiche ............................................................................................... 30 2. Le moderne iris barbate ..................................................................... 34 2.1. Com’è fatta un’iris ................................................................................. 35 2.2. Nomenclatura relativa alle caratteristiche dell’iris ................................ 39 2.2.1. Nomenclatura relativa alle caratteristiche cromatiche o al disegno del fiore ... 39 2.2.2. Nomenclatura relativa alla forma del fiore .................................................... 49 2.2.3. Nomenclatura relativa alle foglie dell’iris ..................................................... 52 2.2.4. Nomenclatura relativa alle caratteristiche di rifiorenza ................................. 53 2.3. Come identificare un’iris ........................................................................ 55 2.4. Sfatiamo alcuni miti sulle iris barbate .................................................... 62 2.5. Come acquistare o scambiare un’iris ..................................................... 67 2.5.1. Alcuni consigli per scegliere le iris da acquistare .......................................... 67 2.5.2. Alcuni consigli per scambiare le iris ............................................................. 71 3. Coltivazione ...................................................................................... 73 3.1. Tipo di terreno ........................................................................................ 74 3.2. Messa a dimora ...................................................................................... 74 3.3. Distanza .................................................................................................. 75 3.4. Esposizione.............................................................................................. 76 3.5. Irrigazione .............................................................................................. 77 3.6. Concimazione ......................................................................................... 77 - i - Le iris barbate Indice 3.7. Cure colturali .......................................................................................... 78 3.7.1. Rimozione delle foglie secche ....................................................................... 78 3.7.2. Rimozione delle infestanti ............................................................................. 78 3.7.3. Rimozione degli steli sfioriti ......................................................................... 79 3.8. Divisione ................................................................................................ 80 3.9. Principali avversità e relativa lotta ......................................................... 83 3.9.1. Malattie fungine ............................................................................................ 83 3.9.2. Malattie batteriche ......................................................................................... 85 3.9.3. Malattie virali ................................................................................................ 86 3.9.4. Insetti ............................................................................................................. 87 3.9.5. Altri parassiti animali .................................................................................... 89 3.9.6. Altre avversità ............................................................................................... 90 3.9.7. Come e quando effettuare i trattamenti ......................................................... 93 3.10. Cure colturali per altri tipi di iris ........................................................... 94 3.10.1. Iris arillate e ibridi di arillate ......................................................................... 94 3.10.2. Iris spuria ....................................................................................................... 95 3.10.3. Iris siberiane .................................................................................................. 97 3.10.4. Iris giapponesi (iris ensata) ........................................................................... 100 3.10.5. Iris louisiana .................................................................................................. 103 3.10.6. Iris specie e ibridi di specie ........................................................................... 106 4. Ibridazione ........................................................................................ 108 4.1. Tecnica di ibridazione ............................................................................ 109 4.2. Raccolta delle capsule, semina e trapianto ............................................ 114 4.3. Selezione degli ibridi .............................................................................. 117 4.3.1. Valutazione del fiore ..................................................................................... 119 4.3.2. Valutazione della pianta ................................................................................ 123 4.3.3. Valutazione dello stelo .................................................................................. 125 4.3.4. Valutazione delle caratteristiche distintive ................................................... 128 4.3.5. Differenze nella selezione di ibridi di iris diverse dalle barbate alte ............ 129 5. Link utili ............................................................................................ 134 5.1. Siti Internet .............................................................................................. 135 5.2. Gruppi Facebook .................................................................................... 138 5.3. Pagine Facebook .................................................................................... 140 5.4. Altri link ................................................................................................. 140 - ii - Le iris barbate Com’è nata questa guida Ringraziamenti Ringrazio innanzitutto Augusto Bianco per il re- galo del libro “A Guide to Bearded Irises” di Kelly D. Norris, che mi ha permesso di scrivere su molti degli argomenti di questa guida. Allo stesso modo sono debitrice a Massimiliano Grassi per avermi fornito abbondante materiale sulle iris, in particolare sulle tecniche di coltiva- zione, sulle principali malattie e sull’ibridazione. Ringrazio, poi, gli ibridatori Augusto Bianco, Angelo Garanzini e Roberto Marucchi, che mi hanno insegnato molto di quanto oggi so sulle iris (anche se sempre troppo poco). Un aiuto prezioso mi è venuto da Alessandro Bordin, che mi ha aiutato a scri- vere alcune lezioni del corso sulle iris, poi trasposte in questa guida. Impagabile l’aiuto di Amedeo Fadda in materia di iris specie. Il suo contributo è stato determinante anche per scrivere il capitolo relativo alle origini delle mo- derne iris barbate. Tutto quanto scritto è stato supervisionato da Angelo Garanzini, che mi è stato vicino quando più avevo bisogno di consigli esperti. Altro aiuto preziosissimo mi è stato dato da Roberto Marucchi, che in materia di genetica è il top dei top e senza il quale non avrei capito nulla di tanti argomenti (in realtà continuo a trovarlo un argomento molto difficile, ma i suoi preziosi insegnamenti stanno facendo un po’ di luce nel buio più profondo). Le conversazioni tramite Messenger con Loïc Tasquier, mi sono poi state utilis- sime per comprendere meglio alcune questioni legate all’ibridazione e alla cor- retta nomenclatura delle iris secondo i canoni dell’AIS. La maggior parte delle fotografie non di proprietà sono state tratte dall’Iris En- cyclopedia dell’AIS, che mi è anche stata molto utile per scrivere la maggior parte dei capitoli di questa guida. L’autore di ogni fotografia è citato sull’imma- gine stessa e, quindi, ringrazio anche gli autori degli scatti. E, se ho dimenticato qualcuno, perdonatemi: l’età avanza ormai!!! - iii - Le iris barbate Com’è nata questa guida Com’è nata questa guida Nei ringraziamenti non ho citato Mario Stea, il mio co-amministratore del gruppo Facebook dedicato agli amanti delle iris, perché avevo piacere di dedicargli un tributo speciale. L’idea di far conoscere le iris barbate a tutti è nata da lui, che - dopo aver fondato il gruppo - ha deciso di nominarmi am- ministratore a mia insaputa. Abbiamo poi deciso insieme di dar vita ad un corso sulle iris, nel quale spiegavamo in termini semplici
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