Enclosed Is a Copy of Our Apple Or Tart-Cherry Catalog and a Disclaimer Stating Some of Our Conditions
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A Manual Key for the Identification of Apples Based on the Descriptions in Bultitude (1983)
A MANUAL KEY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF APPLES BASED ON THE DESCRIPTIONS IN BULTITUDE (1983) Simon Clark of Northern Fruit Group and National Orchard Forum, with assistance from Quentin Cleal (NOF). This key is not definitive and is intended to enable the user to “home in” rapidly on likely varieties which should then be confirmed in one or more of the manuals that contain detailed descriptions e.g. Bunyard, Bultitude , Hogg or Sanders . The varieties in this key comprise Bultitude’s list together with some widely grown cultivars developed since Bultitude produced his book. The page numbers of Bultitude’s descriptions are included. The National Fruit Collection at Brogdale are preparing a list of “recent” varieties not included in Bultitude(1983) but which are likely to be encountered. This list should be available by late August. As soon as I receive it I will let you have copy. I will tabulate the characters of the varieties so that you can easily “slot them in to” the key. Feedback welcome, Tel: 0113 266 3235 (with answer phone), E-mail [email protected] Simon Clark, August 2005 References: Bultitude J. (1983) Apples. Macmillan Press, London Bunyard E.A. (1920) A Handbook of Hardy Fruits; Apples and Pears. John Murray, London Hogg R. (1884) The Fruit Manual. Journal of the Horticultural Office, London. Reprinted 2002 Langford Press, Wigtown. Sanders R. (1988) The English Apple. Phaidon, Oxford Each variety is categorised as belonging to one of eight broad groups. These groups are delineated using skin characteristics and usage i.e. whether cookers, (sour) or eaters (sweet). -
Handling of Apple Transport Techniques and Efficiency Vibration, Damage and Bruising Texture, Firmness and Quality
Centre of Excellence AGROPHYSICS for Applied Physics in Sustainable Agriculture Handling of Apple transport techniques and efficiency vibration, damage and bruising texture, firmness and quality Bohdan Dobrzañski, jr. Jacek Rabcewicz Rafa³ Rybczyñski B. Dobrzañski Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence AGROPHYSICS for Applied Physics in Sustainable Agriculture Handling of Apple transport techniques and efficiency vibration, damage and bruising texture, firmness and quality Bohdan Dobrzañski, jr. Jacek Rabcewicz Rafa³ Rybczyñski B. Dobrzañski Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences PUBLISHED BY: B. DOBRZAŃSKI INSTITUTE OF AGROPHYSICS OF POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ACTIVITIES OF WP9 IN THE CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE AGROPHYSICS CONTRACT NO: QLAM-2001-00428 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR APPLIED PHYSICS IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE WITH THE th ACRONYM AGROPHYSICS IS FOUNDED UNDER 5 EU FRAMEWORK FOR RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION ACTIVITIES GENERAL SUPERVISOR OF THE CENTRE: PROF. DR. RYSZARD T. WALCZAK, MEMBER OF POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES PROJECT COORDINATOR: DR. ENG. ANDRZEJ STĘPNIEWSKI WP9: PHYSICAL METHODS OF EVALUATION OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE QUALITY LEADER OF WP9: PROF. DR. ENG. BOHDAN DOBRZAŃSKI, JR. REVIEWED BY PROF. DR. ENG. JÓZEF KOWALCZUK TRANSLATED (EXCEPT CHAPTERS: 1, 2, 6-9) BY M.SC. TOMASZ BYLICA THE RESULTS OF STUDY PRESENTED IN THE MONOGRAPH ARE SUPPORTED BY: THE STATE COMMITTEE FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH UNDER GRANT NO. 5 P06F 012 19 AND ORDERED PROJECT NO. PBZ-51-02 RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF POMOLOGY AND FLORICULTURE B. DOBRZAŃSKI INSTITUTE OF AGROPHYSICS OF POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ©Copyright by BOHDAN DOBRZAŃSKI INSTITUTE OF AGROPHYSICS OF POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LUBLIN 2006 ISBN 83-89969-55-6 ST 1 EDITION - ISBN 83-89969-55-6 (IN ENGLISH) 180 COPIES, PRINTED SHEETS (16.8) PRINTED ON ACID-FREE PAPER IN POLAND BY: ALF-GRAF, UL. -
Pommier : Essai « Variétés »- Bilan 2010
Aout 2011 • ARBORICULTURE • 4 pages n°91 Pommier : essai « Variétés »- Bilan 2010 Résultat des essais conduits par la station d’expérimentations de La Morinière Source : issu de la brochure 08/09 éditée par La Morinière / volet agribio – 2010 Diffusion de l’information coordonnée par la Chambre régionale d’agriculture des Pays de la Loire ® ® En arboriculture biologique, le choix variétal est Les variétés C ORAIL Pinova, Pilot, Fiesta et D ELGOLUNE primordial, impactant directement sur la viabilité Jubilé manquent de vigueur et présentent une économique des structures. Les résultats ci- production hétérogène (alternance à l’arbre). De plus, dessous, issus de suivis en verger « vrai la sensibilité de la variété Pilot au puceron cendré a grandeur » ou d’observations d’une collection en accru son manque de vigueur pénalisant directement petites parcelles, présentent l’évaluation de la production. variétés sur leur potentiel de production et leur Au cumul des années, les variétés Reinette Grise ® sensibilité aux maladies et ravageurs. du Canada et C ORAIL Pinova restent les plus productives et les moins alternantes. Essai variétal en « vraie grandeur » Graphique 1 : Résultat de production cumulé de la 2e Le comportement de dix variétés « conventionnelles », à la 10e pousse des variétés non surgreffées plantées en 2000, est étudié en verger agrobiologique 2e pousse 3e pousse 4e pousse 5e pousse 6e pousse 7e pousse "vraie grandeur" (Voir Tableau 1 ). Les variétés Patte 8e pousse 9e pousse 10e pousse (Cumul) de Loup, Dalirail et Pirouette® Rubinstep ont été t/ha (212) surgreffées en 2006 sur des variétés jugées peu (200) 200 (188) adaptées à la production agrobiologique dans les (169) (177) 21 22 60 (155) 17 27 31 conditions de la Morinière (Fuji, PINKGOLD ® 150 (137) 26 1 27 21 16 12 36 Leratess, Jonagored). -
Personnel Were Contacted at Apple Research Centers Throughout the World and Asked About CA Storage Conditions Employed in Their Area Or Country
-395- CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE CONDITIONS FOR SOME OF THE MORE COMMONLY GROWN APPLE CULTIVARS M. Meheriuk Agriculture Canada Research Station Summerland, British Columbia VOH 1Z0 Canada This paper will attempt to outline controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions suitable for some of the predominant apple cultivars. Storage personnel were contacted at apple research centers throughout the world and asked about CA storage conditions employed in their area or country. The information received from these individuals as well as that from the literature was used in establishing storage conditions suitable for specific apple cultivars. Also included on the information sheets are the benefits and disadvantages in altering the concentrations of C02 and 02, the problems encountered when injurious levels of either gas are used, and the commercial use of reduced 02 or increased C02 in the storage atmosphere. Somewhat different from that found in other areas was the use of unscrubbed atmospheres and higher storage temperatures in European storage facilities. An unscrubbed atmosphere is one in which the C02 content is controlled (5-10%) but not the 02 level. Higher C02 levels are known to have an inhibitory effect on softening. The higher storage temperatures may reflect higher energy costs in European countries but it has also been suggested that they permit higher C02 levels in the storage atmosphere. Perhaps another reason for higher storage temperatures is a lower incidence of internal disorders prevalent in many of the European grown apples. A trend towards lower oxygen 02 levels has taken place in the past few years. Many countries now recommend 2% 02 to improve firmness retention and reduce development of physiological disorders. -
BUCKLAND NEWTON APPLE TREES (Recorded from September 2017) (PB Map: Parish Boundary Map)
BUCKLAND NEWTON APPLE TREES (recorded from September 2017) (PB map: Parish Boundary map) House name Map Entry Apple varieties Notes No. No. Greystone 1 1 Discovery, Katy, James Grieve, Devonshire Quarrenden, Ribstone Pippin, Lost in last 10 years: Edward Lord Lambourne, Herrings Pippin, Pitmaston Pineapple, Crown Pippin, 7th , Beauty of Bath, Lord Derby, Suntan, Kidds Orange Red X2, Egremont Russet X 2, Bramley Seedling, Ellison’s Orange Annie Elizabeth Knap Farm field 1 2 Unidentified, possibly sweet cider apple Last remaining tree of large orchard Manor Cottage 2 1 Bramley (v. old tree 20 ft. high), Orleans Reinette (?) Little Gunville 3 1 Beauty of Bath, Bramley, George Neal, Bismarck, Devonshire Quarrenden, American Mother, Fiesta Higher Farm House 3 2 58 apple trees,, 47 varieties Separate list Marcheta 4 1 Bramley, Cox, Spartan, 2 unknown, possibly cider apples Carriers Cottage 4 2 Bramley, James Grieve Freshfield 4 3 Bramley, Cox, Beauty of Bath Tanglin 4 4 Bramley, Emneth Early Askermead 4 5 Bramley, Golden Delicious, Sunset Grenadier (?) Hestia 4 6 Evereste Crab Apple Laurel Cottage 4 7 Sunset Chapel House Henley 5 1 Bramley, Cox and an old, scabby tree, small tasteless fruit Greenacres 6 1 Bramley Lydden Cottage 6 2 Sturmer Pippin, Early Laxton, Colonel Vaughn (?), Crab Apple Bennetts 6 3 Fiesta, Bramley, Cox, Laxton, cider apples Duntish Cottage 8 1 Sunset, Blenheim, and one unidentified Frog Island 8 2 & 3 Unknown cider apple, Tom Putt Duntish Old Farmhouse 8 4 Tydemans Early, Worcester, Blenheim (?),Bramley, Cos, 5 unknowns -
United States Patent (19) Log 10 Cfu/Ml
USOO58248.61A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,824,861 Aldwinckle et al. (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 20, 1998 54) TRANSGENIC POMACEOUS FRUIT WITH D.J. James, et al., “Progress in the Introduction of Trans FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE genes for Pest Resistance in Apples and Strawberries,” Phytoparasitica 20:83S-87S (1992). 75 Inventors: Herbert S. Aldwinckle, Geneva; John A.M. Dandekar, “Engineering for Apple and Walnut Resis L. Norelli, Ithaca, both of N.Y. tance to Codling Moth,” Brighton Crop Prot. Conf-Pest 73 Assignee: Cornell Research Foundation, Inc., Dis. 2:741–7 (1992). Ithaca, N.Y. J. James, et al., “Synthetic Genes Make Better Potatoes,” New Scientist, vol. 17, (1987). 21 Appl. No.: 385,590 J. James, et al., “Increasing Bacterial Disease Resistance in Plants Utilizing Antibacterial Genes From Insects,” BioES 22 Filed: Feb. 8, 1995 says 6:263-270 (1987). Related U.S. Application Data S. Jia, et al., “Genetic Engineering of Chinese Potato Cul tivars by Introducing Antibacterial Polypeptide Gene,” Pro 63 Continuation of Ser. No. 33,772, Mar. 18, 1993, abandoned, ceeding of the Asia-Pacific Conference on Agricultural which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 954,347, Sep. 30, Biotechnology, 1992. 1992, abandoned. L. Destefano-Beltran, et al., “Enhancing Bacterial and Fun 51) Int. Cl. ............................... A01H 1/04; C12N 5/00; gal Disease Resistance in Plants: Application to Potato,” The C12N 15/00 Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Potato Vayda, M.E. 52 U.S. Cl. ................................... 800/205; 800/DIG. 65; and Park, W.D. (eds.) CAB International, Wallingford, U.K. -
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,100,453 Aldwinckle Et Al
USOO6100453A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,100,453 Aldwinckle et al. (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 8, 2000 54) TRANSGENIC POMACEOUS FRUIT WITH Jaynes, J.M., et al. “Expression of a Cecropin B Lytic FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE Peptide Analog in Transgenic Tobacco ConferS Enhanced Resistance to Bacterial Wilt Caused by Pseudomonas Solan 75 Inventors: Herbert S. Aldwinckle, Geneva; John acearum," Plant Science 89:43-53 (1993). L. Norelli, Ithaca, both of N.Y. Jaynes, J.M., et al., “Increasing Bacterial Resistance to 73 Assignee: Cornell Research Foundation, Inc., Plants Utilizing Antibacterial Genes from Insects,” Bioas Ithaca, N.Y. says 6:263–70 (1987). James, D.J., et al., “Genetic Transformation of Apple (Malus pumila Mill.) Using a Disarmed Ti-binary Vector.” Plant 21 Appl. No.: 09/021,520 Cell Reports 7:658–61 (1989). 22 Filed: Feb. 10, 1998 Destéfano-Beltrán, L., et al., “Enhancing Bacterial and Fungal Disease Resistance in Plants: Application to Potato.” Related U.S. Application Data The Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Potato, Vayda et al. (eds.), C.A.B. International, Wallingford, U.K., pp. 63 Continuation of application No. 08/385,590, Jul. 8, 1995, Pat. No. 5,824,861, which is a continuation-in-part of appli 205–221 (1990). cation No. 07/954,347, Sep. 30, 1992, abandoned. Jaynes, J., et al., “Synthetic Genes Make Better Potatoes,” 51 Int.nt. Cl.C.7 ............................... A01H 1700; AO1H 5/00 New Scientist vol. 17 (1987). C12N 15/82; C12N 15/87 Jia, S., et al., “Genetic Engineering of Chinese Potato 52 U.S. -
Founding Clones, Inbreeding, Coancestry, and Status Number of Modern Apple Cultivars
J. AMER. SOC. HORT. SCI. 121(5):773–782. 1996. Founding Clones, Inbreeding, Coancestry, and Status Number of Modern Apple Cultivars Dominique A.M. Noiton The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd, Havelock North Research Center, Havelock North, New Zealand Peter A. Alspach The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd, Riwaka Research Center, Motueka, New Zealand Additional index words. breeding, genetic diversity, Malus ×domestica Abstract. Pedigrees of apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) cultivars were used to study worldwide genetic diversity among clones used in modern apple breeding. The most frequent founding clones were ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Red Delicious’, ‘Jonathan’, and ‘McIntosh’. Coefficients of coancestry between 50 mainstream cultivars and these clones averaged 0.03, 0.12, 0.07, 0.06, and 0.02, respectively, but they were frequently as high as 0.25 with certain pairings. Among a group of 27 cultivars carrying the Vf gene for scab resistance, coefficients of coancestry with the five founding clones were of the same order. Although few of the cultivars sampled were substantially inbred, inbreeding could reach serious levels in their future offspring if current breeding practices are continued. The status effective number was 8 for the mainstream group and 7 for the Vf-carrier clones. This indicates clearly that apple breeders are operating with a population of greatly reduced genetic diversity. Careful consideration of pedigrees and increased size of the genetic base are needed in future apple breeding strategies. The domestic apple (Malus ×domestica), one of the world’s floribunda 821 x ‘Rome Beauty’. -
Apple Pollination Groups
Flowering times of apples RHS Pollination Groups To ensure good pollination and therefore a good crop, it is essential to grow two or more different cultivars from the same Flowering Group or adjacent Flowering Groups. Some cultivars are triploid – they have sterile pollen and need two other cultivars for good pollination; therefore, always grow at least two other non- triploid cultivars with each one. Key AGM = RHS Award of Garden Merit * Incompatible with each other ** Incompatible with each other *** ‘Golden Delicious’ may be ineffective on ‘Crispin’ (syn. ‘Mutsu’) Flowering Group 1 Very early; pollinated by groups 1 & 2 ‘Gravenstein’ (triploid) ‘Lord Suffield’ ‘Manks Codlin’ ‘Red Astrachan’ ‘Stark Earliest’ (syn. ‘Scarlet Pimpernel’) ‘Vista Bella’ Flowering Group 2 Pollinated by groups 1,2 & 3 ‘Adams's Pearmain’ ‘Alkmene’ AGM (syn. ‘Early Windsor’) ‘Baker's Delicious’ ‘Beauty of Bath’ (partial tip bearer) ‘Beauty of Blackmoor’ ‘Ben's Red’ ‘Bismarck’ ‘Bolero’ (syn. ‘Tuscan’) ‘Cheddar Cross’ ‘Christmas Pearmain’ ‘Devonshire Quarrenden’ ‘Egremont Russet’ AGM ‘George Cave’ (tip bearer) ‘George Neal’ AGM ‘Golden Spire’ ‘Idared’ AGM ‘Irish Peach’ (tip bearer) ‘Kerry Pippin’ ‘Keswick Codling’ ‘Laxton's Early Crimson’ ‘Lord Lambourne’ AGM (partial tip bearer) ‘Maidstone Favourite’ ‘Margil’ ‘Mclntosh’ ‘Red Melba’ ‘Merton Charm’ ‘Michaelmas Red’ ‘Norfolk Beauty’ ‘Owen Thomas’ ‘Reverend W. Wilks’ ‘Ribston Pippin’ AGM (triploid, partial tip bearer) ‘Ross Nonpareil’ ‘Saint Edmund's Pippin’ AGM (partial tip bearer) ‘Striped Beefing’ ‘Warner's King’ AGM (triploid) ‘Washington’ (triploid) ‘White Transparent’ Flowering Group 3 Pollinated by groups 2, 3 & 4 ‘Acme’ ‘Alexander’ (syn. ‘Emperor Alexander’) ‘Allington Pippin’ ‘Arthur Turner’ AGM ‘Barnack Orange’ ‘Baumann's Reinette’ ‘Belle de Boskoop’ AGM (triploid) ‘Belle de Pontoise’ ‘Blenheim Orange’ AGM (triploid, partial tip bearer) ‘Bountiful’ ‘Bowden's Seedling’ ‘Bramley's Seedling’ AGM (triploid, partial tip bearer) ‘Brownlees Russett’ ‘Charles Ross’ AGM ‘Cox's Orange Pippin’ */** ‘Crispin’ (syn. -
Fruit Situation Meetings
May 1998 (5-98) Prepared by John Strang and Jerry Brown, Extension Horticulturists; John Hartman, Extension Plant Pathologist; Ric Bessin and Lee Townsend, Extension Entomologists; John Strang, Editor, Marilyn Hooks and Elizabeth Griffin, Secretaries http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/HLA/ follow the link to Extension programs & Publications and click on Fruit Facts rot caused by Phytophthora fungi may increase Fruit Situation following the rainy period. Infections by Phytophthora his springs persistent rain/storms and cool and other water mold fungi increase during saturated Ttemperatures have challenged growers abilities to soil episodes. Phytophthora root rot is present in some maintain a good spray program. Western Kentucky plantings of blackberry and raspberry; a worsening of growers have had to really scratch their heads to the disease can be associated with saturated soils. Red develop an acceptable thinning program on apples. stele (Phytophthora) infections in strawberries will occur Most growers have heavy sets on apple trees and on susceptible strawberries during wet periods. The adequate to good crops on peaches, depending on the effects of red stele disease will be noticed later in the variety and site. Strawberries, European pears, season. Botrytis will also be a problem due to the rainy blackberries, raspberries, grapes and blueberries weather. generally look good. Some fruit plantings on poorer The Rosy apple aphid came on strong early in the sites have had some injury to the primary buds on season on apple in several areas, but seemed to have grapes and to blueberry flowers. Asian plums have lost been cleaned up by the Multi-colored Asian lady beetle. -
Apple Fruiting
Apple Fruiting ________________________________________________________________________ Spur and Semi-spur Apple Varieties – Over 1000 spur and semi-spur varieties listed. Apple trees that have fruit on spurs or semi-spurs are more dwarfing. They also require special pruning techniques. Tip and Partial-tip Apple Varieties – Over 350 varieties listed. Fruit are borne on the tip of the branches, and are weeping and require little to no pruning. ________________________________________________________________________ Apple Fruiting 1 12/8/06 SPUR-TYPE FRUITING APPLES FOR THE HOME ORCHARD For home orchardists there are several advantages in growing spur–type trees. As the name indicates, the fruit is borne on spurs. Spurs are slow growing leafy shoots and have a mixed terminal bud. A mixed terminal bud will produce shoot and flowers. In apples, spurs develop on two–year old shoots from axillary buds located at the base of each leaf. Axillary buds on a spur can give rise to shoots or new spurs. A branched spur system forms after several years when new spur form on old spurs. Spur–type strains are more dwarfing than the standard stain. When spur and standard strains were compared in Washington rootstock trials, the spurs were 25% smaller than standard stains. Spur–type apples have a growing and fruiting characteristic in which lateral (axillary) buds on two year old wood gives rise to a higher portion of spurs and fewer lateral shoots than occur with standard growth habits. This gives the tree a more open canopy and compact growth habit than standard trees. Research indicates that they have approximately half the canopy volume of standard strains. -
Response of Several Apple Varieties to Apple Scab
ORIGINAL ARTICLE RESPONSE OF SEVERAL APPLE VARIETIES TO APPLE SCAB (VENTURIA INAEQUALIS) ATTACK IN CENTRAL TRANSYLVANIA CONDITIONS COMPORTAREA UNOR SOIURI DE MĂR LA ATACUL DE RAPĂN (VENTURIA INAEQUALIS), ÎN CONDIŢIILE DIN CENTRUL TRANSILVANIEI SESTRAŞ R. REZUMAT La Staţiunea de Cercetare Dezvoltare pentru Pomicultură Cluj-Napoca, România, a fost studiată comportarea unor soiuri de măr la atacul de rapăn − Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. Au fost analizate în acest scop 75 de soiuri, privind intensitatea, frecvenţa şi gradul de atac pe frunze şi fructe, într-o perioadă de şapte ani (1990- 1996). Dintre cele 75 de soiuri, 38 au fost înregistrate cu diferite nivele de atac, cele mai sensibile dovedindu- se cultivarurile de origine japoneză (ex. Fuji Aki-fu, Nebuta, Sekai ichi). În unii ani, în funcţie şi de condiţiile climatice, au fost puternic atacate, îndeosebi pe fructe, şi soiuri cunoscute şi răspândite în cultură, cum sunt: Kaltherer Böhmer, Starkrimson, Red Delicious, Mutzu, Wellspur, Jersey Mac. Din totalul soiurilor studiate, 31 (reprezentând 41,3%) nu au fost atacate de rapăn, nici pe frunze şi nici pe lăstari, printre acestea situându- se şi soiurile cu rezistenţă genetică la rapăn Prima, Priscilla, Sir Prize, Liberty, Florina, Priam, Pionier, Voinea, Generos. ABSTRACT Among 75 varieties of apple, verified at the Fruit Research Station in Cluj-Napoca, Central Transylvania, Romania, during seven years (between 1990-1996), 38 registered with certain attack degree with apple scab on leaves and fruits. Susceptible on apple scab – Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. – were the varieties with Japanese origin (i.e. Fuji Aki-fu, Nebuta, Sekai ichi), and in certain years even well known cultivars, as Kaltherer Böhmer, Starkrimson, Red Delicious, Mutzu, Wellspur, Jersey Mac which were strongly infected, especially on leaves.