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The Water Environment Carrying Capacity of the Aiyi River Based on Artificial Neural Networks

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The Water Environment Carrying Capacity of the Aiyi River Based on Artificial Neural Networks Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 29, No. 1 (2020), 131-139 DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/100669 ONLINE PUBLICATION DATE: 2019-08-09 Original Research The Water Environment Carrying Capacity of the Aiyi River Based on Artificial Neural Networks Xiaoli Kai1, 4, Xiaocong Qiu2*, Yan Wang2, Weijiang Zhang1, 3, Juan Yin1, 3 1School of Civil Engineering and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China 2 School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China 3Key Laboratory of Restoration and Rehabilitation of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan, China 4Earth and Environmental College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China Received: 9 September 2018 Accepted: 11 December 2018 Abstract To understand the characteristics of the water’s environmental carrying capacity in the Aiyi River in Yinchuan, Ninxia, China, a BP artificial neural network analysis based on water environmental factors and aquatic biodiversity metrics were conducted. Twelve indicators were used to construct an evaluation index system to examine the water environment carrying capacity of the river, namely ratio of water supply and water requirements; ratios of water environmental capacity to pollutant emissions of CODMn, BOD5, TN, NH3-N, and TP; self-purification rate; biodiversity indices of phytoplankton, zooplankton zoobenthos, and aquatic macrophytes; and a comprehensive nutrition state index. A model of water environmental carrying capacity was constructed according to the BP artificial neural network. The model, which quantitatively analyzed the water environmental carrying capacity of the Aiyi River, found it to be in the basic carrying state. Keywords: Aiyi River, water environmental carrying capacity, indicator system, model of BP artificial neural network Introduction and its carrying capacity status plays an important role in regional development [1-3]. Therefore, studies Water shortages and degradation of the water on water environment capacity, optimization of environment have become major constraints on the water resources, and water environment protection sustainability of economic and social development in are necessary [4-7]. Furthermore, it is important to China. Water environment is crucial to the existence coordinate production, living water resources and water and development of social and economic systems, environments to achieve sustainable development in the region. Water resources are scarce in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China, where the dry and windy *e-mail: [email protected] conditions and sparse vegetation limit the environment’s 132 Kai X., et al. capacity; the ecosystem stability is poor; and the water environment is vulnerable to pollution and destruction. - Severe regional water pollution has become a serious environmental issue. Aiyi River, located in Ningxia, is planned for flood control, drainage, and landscape development to create a key water conservation region V as part of the Connect Rivers and Lakes Project in 0.8–1.0 healthy state. healthy Strong carrying Strong Yinchuan. The river is a national scenic area, with greater with pollutants ​​ of planned developments aiming to improve flood control capacity and strong self-pu strong and capacity Water environment carrying carrying environment Water rification capacity of aquatic aquatic of capacity rification ecosystems that are in a very very a in are that ecosystems and drainage conditions in Yinchuan, regulate the optimal to Close strong. is state values values water table, beautify the living environment, improve urban quality, and achieve harmony between people and water. The river has important social significance and far-reaching historical significance. The total length of the Aiyi is 158.5 km, and the water area is more than 3.33 km2 and covers a drainage area of about 2 3 11,667 km . Up to 51 million m of water in the river’s IV upper section can be reused each year. The water is 0.6–0.8 healthy state. healthy mainly comprised of floodwater, ditch water and drained carrying Normal channel water, with 68.9% of this water coming from farmland drainage. The water is rich in nitrogen and quality objectives can be achieved. achieved. be can objectives quality Water environment carrying state is is state carrying environment Water IV-III class. Aquatic ecosystems in a in ecosystems Aquatic class. IV-III phosphorus. Pollution from agriculture and rural non- and value pass the between generally the optimal value. Certain capacity and and capacity Certain value. optimal the point sources are also becoming a basic constraint on Water capacity. self-purification certain the river’s water quality. Withdrawn water pollution of - irrigated areas, with farmland as the core, is becoming a major contaminative source influencing Aiyi water quality. Because of the massive import of exogenous nutrients and the weak river water exchange, the river’s water body has gradually become eutrophic. III 0.4–0.6 The structure and function of aquatic ecosystems condition. is the primary element of the water environment carrying Minimal carrying capacity (WECC). Although ecological limits Aquatic ecosystem in a healthy healthy a in ecosystem Aquatic fication capacity. Class IV water water IV Class capacity. fication of the WECC define why a water environment exists and passing between generally is Water environment carrying state state carrying environment Water capacity is low, general self-puri general low, is capacity poor values, water environmental environmental water values, poor with the carrying capacity limit, previous research has achieved. be can objectives quality - shown that economics and populations were focused - on the carrying index. There is a lack of research on aquatic ecosystems and water self-purification capacity, including the determination of ecological water, not deep into the WECC. In this study, we developed a II mechanistic system, including ecological environmental 0.2–0.4 water demand, water purification capacity, and an carrying Weak unhealthy state. unhealthy aquatic biological diversity index factor of the Aiyi River environment in order to determine water environment is weak, between the poor and and poor the between weak, is quality objectives and require and objectives quality capacity cannot meet the water water the meet cannot capacity tal capacity and self-purification self-purification and capacity tal ments. Aquatic ecosystems in an an in ecosystems Aquatic ments. worst values. Water environmen Water values. worst quality. Through the establishment of a BP artificial state carrying environment Water neural network model, we conducted quantitative - research to provide a theoretical basis for protecting and managing the river. I Materials and Methods <0.2 Aiyi River WECC Index Non-bearing Water environment carrying carrying environment Water The WECC is the ability of a water environment Serious worst. the is value state imbalance in the water environ water the in imbalance ecosystems. Water could trigger trigger could Water ecosystems. an environmental crisis. Aquatic Aquatic crisis. environmental an ment. Seriously polluted aquatic aquatic polluted Seriously ment. system to accommodate pollutants while continuing state. unhealthy an in ecosystems to function normally and maintaining good ecosystem functioning. It defines the index value or the ideal value Rating under the constraints of certain conditions. To correctly WECC Definition understand the meaning of the WECC and conduct index WECC Table 1. Classification of the water environmental carrying capacity (WECC) index. (WECC) capacity carrying environmental water the of Classification 1. Table The Water Environment Carrying... 133 Fig. 1. Aiyi River WECC evaluation system. a quantitative study, we examined various studies that Water Quantity Subsystem applied the WECC [8]. To evaluate the WECC, n indicators of a river were The water quality evaluation index was determined selected, with the corresponding index value represented by dividing the water supply by water demand. When by a vector C = (C1,C2….Cn). Indices were set for the the water quality of the Aiyi meets the requirements corresponding threshold vector C0 = (C01,C02…..C0n). The of national surface water quality standard Class IV, WECC index for the river was thus: D = C/C0. the ecological and environmental water demand Quantifying the Aiyi River WECC, according reached 98,781,800m3. When the annual water supply to international, national, industry and local was ≥110,566,900 m3, the water quality reached regulations, standards and literature [8-10] resulted Class III or above. When the annual water supply was in a classification of “non-bearing”, “ weak carrying”, ≤92,892,500 m3, the water quality reached Class V “minimal carrying”, “normal carrying” or “strong or lower. When the water supply/water demand = 1, carrying” (Table 1). Using this classification, the the Aiyi River water quality reached Class IV. When water environment carrying status of the Aiyi can be the water supply/water demand = 1.12, water quality determined intuitively. reached Class III or above. When the water supply/ water demand was ≤0.94, water quality was Class V or Aiyi River WECC Evaluation System lower. Thus, the qualified value was defined as when water supply/water demand = 1, optimal as when water The indicator system was determined on the basis supply/water demand = 1.2, and the worst when water of the WECC’s characteristics, referencing and drawing supply/water demand = 0.8. from existing
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