E508 Volume 3 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

Second Basin Project Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Assessment EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

March 2002 LUCRPO

LIAONING URBAN CONSTRUCTION ANDRENEWAL PROJECT OFFICE

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Public Disclosure Authorized IMWH MN TGOMERY WA TSON HA RZA Montgomery Watson Harza

CATALOGUE

CHAPTER PAGE

I INTRODUCTION I 2 SURFACE WATER STANDARDS 2 3 EA COVERAGE 3 4 CURRENT SITUATION 3 5 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3 6 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE 4 7 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 8 8 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION 9 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN 13 10 PUBLIC CONSULTATION 14 11 CONCLUSIONS 16

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EA Summary Montgomery Watson Harza

Second Liao River Basin Project areas in the province before discharging into the Bohai Environmental Assessment Sea. In 1997, the State Council of the Chinese central SUMMARY REPORT government announced "Decisions On Issues of Environmental Protection", which has since become a primary guide for the country's environmental 1 INTRODUCTION protection and pollution control effort. One of the important initiatives under the State Council's Decisions The Project consists of two wastewater treatment plants, is the "Three Lakes and Three Rivers" pollution control two wastewater re-use plants, urban upgrading, program, referring to the six landmark and most institutional strengthening and several non-physical sensitive water bodies and river basins in . The components related to environmental management. The Liao is one of the three rivers and the LRBP is thus one wastewater plants are located in (the of the highest priority pollution control programs in the provincial capital) and , and the wastewater re- country. use plants are located in Panjin and . All are The State Council approved in 1998 the Ninth Five- located within the Liao River Basin (LRB), as shown in Year Plan and 2010 Program for Liao River Basin Figure 1.1I. Pollution Control and Prevention. The Ninth Five-Year The LRB, with a total catchment area of 220,000 km2 Plan sets a long-term framework to be followed with the has four major rivers, the Liao, Hun, Taizi, and Daliao. goals of eliminating below-Category V water quality One third of the-Liao River catchment and the entire (see Table 2.1) from all LRB surface water bodies by Hun-Taizi-Daliao network lie within Liaoning province, the end of 2000, to recover the water quality required population 42 million people. The rivers drain through for its functional uses by 2005 and to achieve the 11 industrial and population centers and rich agriculture sustainable utilization of water resources based on their functions by 2010.

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EA Summary qfJJW Montgomery Watson Harza

To meet these goals, the Ninth Five-Year Plan calls for the Liaoning Provincial Environmental Research reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) Institute, with the assistance from the project DRA discharge by 600,000 tons by 2000, 140,000 tons by consultant, Montgomery Watson Harza. This document 2005 and an additional 90,000 tons by 2010, making a is a summary of the EA documentation. total COD reduction of 830,000 tons over the 10-year period. This would require the construction of 55 2 SURFACE WATER STANDARDS municipal wastewater treatments in the LRB (24 in Liaoning province) as well as 225 industrial pollution The most important assessment criteria and source control projects (118 in Liaoning province). environmental target standards are the surface water quality classifications of Environmental Quality In 2001, the Liaoning Provincial Government approved Standard for Surface Water, GHZBI-1999. According the Tenth Five-Year Plan for Liao River Basin to this standard, surface water quality has been divided Pollution Control and Prevention within Liaoning into five categories depending on their functional uses. Province(the Tenth Five-Year Plan of Liaoning) which These categories and key parameters within the is consistent with the framework of the Ninth Five- standard are shown in Table 2.1. Year Plan but more stringent in view of the limited dilution capacity of the rivers in Liaoning. The Tenth There are two existing wastewater discharge standards Five-Year Plan of Liaoning sets an objective to reduce applicable in Liaoning province for discharge into COD by 241,400 tons and ammonia-nitrogen (NH4-N) surface water bodies: by 41,500 tons by 2005. The below-Category V water quality sections will be reduced by 40%. The focus of * The national Comprehensive Wastewater the COD reduction action is on the Hun River Discharge Standards for discharge into Category catchment where Shenyang and Fushun are located. IV and Category V water bodies (GB8978.96); and With the funding support of the European Union (EU), * The more stringent discharge standards adopted by Liaoning province launched the Liaoning Integrated Liaoning Environmental Protection Bureau for the Environmental Program (LIEP) in 1999. This is a province. comprehensive planning project to evaluate environmental factors and develop strategies to redress The most important difference between these two the balance between the various demands for water in standards are COD (120 mg/L for the national the LRB catchment and for sustainable environmental standards areuO 1 20mg/L for theinanal standards versus 100 mg/L for provincial standards) management in Liaoning province. The LIEP has and ammonia-nitrogen (25 mg/L for the national identified 15 municipal treatment plants in the basin as standards versus 15 mgIL for the provincial standards). priority investments. LRBP will adopt the more stringent Provincial COD standard as the design criteria for the Project, The two municipal wastewater treatment plants to be dsg rvso o h oesrnetamna with built in the Second Liao River Basin Project (LRBP 2), nitrogen criteria in future stages. together with the two municipal and two industrial wastewater treatment plants in the LRBP 1, are top of Other environmental discharge/emission and ambient the list of 15 priority municipal treatment plants environmental quality standards applied in the EA identified by the LIEP and are part of the Plan of the include: State Council. As such, these treatment plants are a pivotal part of the effort to meet the State and provincial goals for pollution control and sustainable * Ambient Air Quality Standards, GB3095-1996; water resources management. * Environmental Noise Standards for Urban Areas, GB3096-93; An Environment Assessment (EA) was conducted for * Standards for Noise at Boundaries of Construction each physical component. A project wide Sites, GB 12523-90; environmental impact assessment (EIA) report and * Standards for Wastewater Discharge and Air environmental management plan (EMP), collectively EmissionsinLiaoningProvince,DB21-60-89; known as the EA documentation, has been compiled by Table 2.1 Surface Water Quality Classification Key parameters Cat. Description (mg/l, except pF COD NH4 -N pH I Applicable to sources of water bodies and national nature reserves <15 0.5 6.5-8.5 11 Applicable to Class A water resource protection for drinking water or precious fish 1 5 0.5 6.5-8.5 1ll Applicable to Class B water resource and general fishing or swimming 20 0.5 6.5-8.5 IV General industrial water supply or secondary recreational use 30 1.0 6.5-8.5 V Agricultural water resource or general amenity purposes 40 1.5 6-9

EA Summary 2 gfI~iW Montgomery Watson Harza

* Effluent and Sludge Discharge Standard for The lack of proper water resources management in the Municipal WWTP", CJ3025-93; and LRB, particularly the lack of provision of treatment * Control Limit for Sludge Agricultural Application, facilities for wastewater from various sources, GB4284-84. compounded with the lack of dilution and assimilative capacity in LRB rivers, has resulted in severe pollution 3 EA COVERAGE of surface water in Liaoning province. Water quality in LRB rivers is reportedly the worst among the seven According to the project TOR, the EA covers the largest river basins in China. following areas: The severe pollution of LRB has had the following * Shenyang section of Hun river; consequences: * Panjin section of Liao river; * Fushun section of Hun River * Loss of beneficial use of LRB rivers, including * Immediately adjacent areas surrounding the industrial and municipal water supply sources wastewater interceptors, pumping stations and (urban and rural), aquaculture, irrigation, and treatment plant sites; and groundwater recharge; * Impacts on the LRB and the . * Extinction of fish and other waterbome species in most rivers within the province and destructive 4 CURRENT SITUATION effects on the aquatic ecosystem; * Pollution of shallow groundwater layers in the short Available water resources in the Liao Basin are limited, term and deep groundwater aquifers over the long being only 20% of the national average. Water term; resources available for agriculture are 12% of the * Health risk of drinking water especially for rural national average. River flows in the LRB vary residents who rely heavily and, in many cases dramatically in different months and seasons. In a exclusively, on shallow water wells as their primary typical year, July and August flows amount to 60% of drinking water sources; the annual total whilst the flow in the driest month * Contamination of farm land and crops, as farmers (February) amounts only to 0.1% of the annual total. In in the LRB may have little choice but to use water many rivers in Liaoning province, the dry season flow is with quality poorer than irrigation water standards; mainly wastewater discharged from various industrial * Adverse impacts on water quality and fisheries and municipal sources. resources in the Bohai Sea, to which the LRB rivers discharge; and Water resources in Liaoning province are seriously * Adverse impacts on wetlands at the estuary. over-utilized. While over 81% of surface water resources and 43% of groundwater resources are The urgency for immediate improvement in the LRB utilized, water supply still cannot meet the demand. At environment is apparent. Not only has the province the present, annual water supply is about 7.8 billion m3 missed its year 2000 surface water quality and COD while the demand is 8.3 billion m3, leaving a 500 reduction goals, but the water quality in the LRB rivers million m3 water supply deficit each year in the is worsening. The First and Second LRB Projects will province. With the provincial priority being on the key start to reverse the trend of water quality deterioration state industries, agricultural and municipal water and are jointly an important first step in achieving the supplies are often sacrificed. The continued excessive state and provincial environmental goals. exploitation of water resources has caused significantly lowered groundwater tables over a reported area of 389 5 PROJECT DESCRIPTION square kilometers. Major components of the LRBP are summarized in The Liaoning province is one of the most concentrated Table 5.1. urban and industrial areas in China. There are however only two operating municipal wastewater treatment The municipal wastewater treatment plants are based on plants and limited industrial wastewater treatment the activated sludge process with some variations capacity. In the meantime, wastewater from point corresponding to the characteristics of influents and sources in Liaoning province was expected to reach a other conditions in each project city. The design total 2.1 billion m3 containing over 643,000 tons of comprises screening and grit removal followed by a COD in the year 2000. Of this amount, approximately conventional activated sludge system and secondary 70% of the wastewater and COD is from industrial clarification. The sludge produced will be thickened sources and 30% from municipal sources. With the mechanically. Thickened sludge will then be chemically current lack of wastewater management infrastructure, conditioned and finally dewatered to produce sludge most of the wastewater is discharged to surface water cakes with approximately 20% dry solid. Final effluent bodies without treatment. Besides COD, other main will be discharged without disinfection. In the case of contaminants discharged include BOD, ammonia- nitrogen, oil & grease, and suspended solids.

EA Summary 3 Montgomery Watson Harza

Table 5.1 Liao River Basin Project Components

Components Description Scope of service Shenyang Wastewater . 10 km interceptor pipeline . 44 industrial discharges . 3 new and 3 upgraded pumping stations . 75 km2 urban area . 9.9 km sewerage collection pipeline . 1.57 million population * 400,000 t/d wastewater treatment plant Panjin Wastewater . 9.6 km interceptor pipeline . 24 industrial discharges . I new and I upgraded pumping stations . 22 km2 urban area . a 100,000 tld wastewater treatment plant . 0.23 million population . a 60,000 t/d wastewater re-use treatment plant Fushun Wastewater * 5.5 km interceptor pipeline . 20 industries a 67.96 km trunk sewers . 0.4 million population . 5 pumping stations * a 200,000 tld wastewater re-use plant Shenyang Urban Upgrading . Imperial Palace renovation * Beiling and Dongling Parks Preservation Non-physical Components Sstrategic studies . Institutional strengthening and training . Construction management and supervision

Shenyang, the sludge will in addition be digested commerce, and will develop awareness of China's anaerobically to minimize the volume of sludge. . historic values through enhanced education and learning. Disposal of sludge generated from the wastewater treatment plants is a key feature of the project. The It is critical to the success of the LRBP 2 that sludge management plans for each city are as follows: institutions and personnel responsible for implementing the proposed project are equipped with the management Shenyang - Phase I of the Shenyang wastewater skills and technical ability to implement the project. For treatment plant will produce up to 227 t/d sludge this reason an extensive program of technical assistance requiring disposal. The city is developing a sanitary (TA) has been recommended in the Feasibility Study landfill at Laohuchong, approximately 32 km from the Report for institutional strengthening of provincial and wastewater treatment plant. The city has agreed to municipal PMOs, the provincial EPB and the accept the WWTP sludge. The tipping fee at the landfill wastewater companies. and the haulage cost, using 8 t payload water tight trucks are included in the wastewater treatment plant 6 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE operating budget. 6.1 GENERAL SETTING Panjin - Panjin wastewater treatment plant will produce 63 t/d sludge. The city plans construct a new sanitary The Liao River Basin is located in the Liao River Plain. landfill adjacent to the proposed wastewater treatment The general topography slopes from north to south and plant, to international standards, partially funded by the from east to west towards the Bohai Sea. The elevation Bank, to accommodate the sludge from the project. The of the inland cities of Shenyang and Fushun is landfill operating and sludge haulage cost will be approximately 30-60 meters above sea level while that included in the WWTP operating budget. of the coastal city Panjin is only 4-7 meters. Liaoning province has a rich and complex geology. The Fushun - The tertiary plant (re-use water treatment Quaternary fluvio-lacustrine and glacial sediments form plant) will generate a certain amount of sludge from the most important groundwater aquifers in the LRB. backwash operation of the sand filtration. The backwash They include gravels, sands and silts up to 420 meters in water will be pumped to the wastewater treatment plant thickness which are intercalated with clays deposited which is now being commissioned. The city plans to during three marine transgressions. build a sludge monofill located at Qingtaizi some 6 km from the WWTP. The monofill will be built to modern 6.2 CLIMATE CONDITIONS AND AIR sanitary landfill standards. QUALITY

The project has selected sensitive historic areas in The Liao River Basin is located in the temperate zone Shenyang, the origin of the Qing Dynasty, to examine where a monsoon climate dominates. The climate is the root cause of technical problems and provide cures characterized by distinct seasons and sharp temperature to the past urban planning, by regeneration and changes. Average annual precipitation varies between upgrading. The project's program for regeneration will 350 and 1200 mm. Within a typical year, some 80% of give Shenyang the unique opportunity to establish itself total annual precipitation occurs in the period from June as a focus of culture and Chinese achievement. to September. Table 6.1 summarizes the main climatic Developing the use of these heritage sites will characteristics of the project cities. significantly promote tourism, enhance employment and

EA Summary 4 Montgomery Watson Harza

Table 6.1 Climate Indicators of the Project Cities from November to February each year. Many sections of LRB rivers are completely dry or carry only Parameter Shenyang Panjin Fushun wastewater discharged from various municipal and

Temperature 39.3/-33.1 30.2/-21.0 36/-35 industrial sources. The annual flows in LRB rivers can Annualatpreiiainalso change sharply from year to year. River discharges Annual precipitation 735 800 968 in a high flow year are typically 2-3 times that of a low Annual average 65 66 69 flow year. humidity (%) 65I6_lo_yar Annual average wind 3.3 4.3 2.0 6.4 WATER DEMAND AND SUPPLY speed (rnis)______Prevailing wind (summer) SW (summer) In a typical year, the total water utilization in the Freeze period (d) 151 146 140 province is 10.56 billion m3 , most of which (over 60%) Soil freeze depth (m) 1.2 1.13 1.2 is for agricultural applications followed by industrial (21%) and municipal (16%) uses. Water supplies are All three proposed wastewater treatment/re-use plant mainly from reservoirs, rivers (pumped and gravity) and sites are green field sites. There are no industrial deep and shallow groundwater aquifers. operations or urban activities near the sites. An air quality monitoring program conducted from July to The most important water supply source is shallow November 1999 confirmed the high air quality of these water wells, which account for approximately half of sites except for Shenyang. At the Shenyang site, the water utilized. Although on a basin-wide basis the monitored data on odor, NH3 and H2S exceeded relevant estimated groundwater recharge is higher than estimated standards by as much as 9 times (odor), because the site groundwater abstraction, in localized areas of the LRB is near the which essentially conveys raw over-extraction is serious. In the Hun- system sewage. where Shenyang is located, groundwater abstractions are over 120% of the groundwater recharge in recent 6.3 WATER RESOURCES AND HYDROLOGY years.

The water resources of the LRB include rivers, Estimated water demands have been based on per capita reservoirs and groundwater. In a medium drought year, consumption for domestic and unit industrial output the total water resource in surface in the LRB is water consumption. In general, except for Shenyang 3 3 10.13 billion m , including 2.38 billion m in Liao river where per capita water consumption is already high and and 2.85 billion m3 in Tatizi river. The total amount of will remain steady, per capita water consumption is extractable groundwater is 6.82 billion m3 . There are a projected to increase slowly along with increase of the total of 904 reservoirs in the LRB 28 of which have a standard of living. Unit industrial water consumption capacity larger than 100 million m3. The total design will decrease as efficiency improves, although total 3 capacity of the reservoirs in the LRB is 6 billion m. industrial water demand shows a small increase as the industry expands. The projection for total water supply Flows in LRB rivers vary significantly with the season, through municipal systems has also considered water re- in a pattern similar to that of annual precipitation. use by industry, leakage and self water supply capacities Approximately 50% of the annual flow occurs between that many industrial operations possess. The water July to September, when the area receives 80% of its demand projection is summarized in Table 6.2. annual precipitation. The dry season typically occurs Table 6.2 Municipal Water Demand and Supply Projection

Serviced Domestic water Industrial water Total water City Year Population demand demand demand 3 3 3 3 3 (x 1000) (x 103 m/d) (x 10 m /d)l (x 10 m/d) 2000 3 480 1 060 750 1 810 Shenyang 2010 3840 1 183 1 121 2304 2025 3 950 1 217 1153 2 370 2000 190 23.6 85.5 109.1 Panjin 2010 270 40.5 84.1 124.1

2025______350 171.6 87.4 252.0 2000 1 375 330 847 1 177 Fushun 2010 1 416 345 970 1315 2025 1 479 370 I 000 1 370

1 Based on industrial output billions RMs

EA Summary ^fflV Montgomery Watson Harza

6.5 River WATER QUALITY LRBP 2 as receiving water bodies, existing water quality was monitored in April 2000 (Shenyang) and Of a total river length of516 km, 362 km do not achieve November 2001 (Panjin). Fushun's re-use plant will not (the poorest) Category V surface water standards. This discharge to a water body. The result of this monitoring is particularly so near urban centers where the water program, expressed as an average of multiple samples quality is among the worst. With a few exceptions and summarized in Table 6.3, shows extremely polluted where water quality may reach Category 11, water surface water in most of these rivers, especially at and quality in most of LRB rivers is between downstream of the cities, even equivalent to raw Category IV and Category V, or worse than Category V. sewage. Figure 6.1 shows the water quality of the rivers covered by the LRB. 6.7 Wastewater

6.6 Reservoir Water Quality All three project cities have combined sewer systems conveying both stormwater and sewage. Some large Water quality of reservoirs in the LRB is better industrial operations, particularly those near receiving protected. A 1998 survey showed that water quality in water bodies, may have their own sewer system and major reservoirs in the LRB was, in general, equivalent even their own wastewater treatment facilities. The to Category 11water quality standards. sewage parameters of the project cities and effluent design parameters are presented in Table 6.4. For specific sections of the rivers to be used by the

Figure 6.1 River Water Quality 600 -

500 -

E 400 _____

300 200 - | U _

100-

0 - Liao River Hun River Taizi River Daling River Xiaoling River * Category Vand Over-V * Category IVECategory 0Category I and 11

Table 6.3 Surface Water Quality Near Project Cities (average values, mg/L except pH)

City Rivers Distance to WWTP pH COD NH4-N Water Quality Category Shenyang Xi I km 7.9 240 40.5 Below V Hun 89 km 7.4 180 15.6 Below V Panjin Shuangtaizi 6 km upstream 7.9 25 1.4 V

Shuangtaizi 45 km 8.1 9 t 6.1 Below V

Table 6.4 Wastewater Parameters of Three Project Cities Unit: mg/l

City Category COD BOD SS NH4-N TP Shenyang Influent 482 207 176 41 4 Effluent 100 29 30 20 1 Fushun Influent 100 30 30 10 Effluent for re-use 60 10 5 10 Panjin Influent 300 180 200 40 4 Effluent for discharge 100 30 30 20 1 Effluent for re-use 60 to 5 10 I Discharge Standard 100 30 30 20 1 Standard for industrial re-use 60 10 5 10 I

EA Summary 6 Montgomery Watson Harza

6.8 MAIN WATER POLLUTION LOADS TO migratory birds and each year hundreds of thousands of LRB migrating birds stop and take up temporary residence at the Shuangtaizi wetland on their way from Siberia to In 2000, the LRB received a total of 1.83 billion m3 Australia and back in the East Asia-Australia Shorebird wastewater. Of this amount, 1.15 billion m3 or 63% was Site Network. Figure 6-2 shows the wetland. from industrial sources while 0.68 billion m3 or 37% was from municipal sources. The large volume and Most parts of the wetland are seasonal and dry in the proportion of industrial wastewater discharge reflects winter and no significant or precious fish species have the fact that the middle to lower reaches of the LRB is been observed or recorded at the wetland. China's most concentrated area for large state-owned industrial enterprises. These were established mostly in 6.10 BOHAI SEA the 1950's and 1960's with old technologies and limited pollution control. The Bohai Sea is a semi enclosed water body and it would take 3 to 4 years for a 50% water exchange with The total organic load to the LRB environment in 2000 the outer sea and 16 years for a complete tumover. In was 479,800 t/y, of which 219,700 t/y was from total, 37 rivers discharge to the Bohai Sea, including industrial sources and 260,100 t/y from municipal Daliao, Liao and Xiaoling rivers which are part of the sources. Another contributor to pollution is the surface LRBP. Collectively the Liao and Daliao rivers discharge runoff from agricultural fields. The exact contribution, 132 m3/s in April to 715 m3/s in August into the Bohai both in terms of volume and quantity in COD, is sea, bringing a COD flux of 794 to 2385 t/d and a NH4- unknown. N flux of 45 to 96 t/d. The LIEP study has found that over 70% of the pollutants discharged into the Bohai 6.9 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Sea are from agricultural non-point pollutant sources. In particular, the nutrient contamination of the Bohai Sea, Due to years of severe pollution and water shortage which has resulted in increased occurrence, duration and most fish and other water borne species have vanished extent of red tide events in the last 20 years is primarily from LRB rivers. Fresh water fish may be found only in from agricultural sources (over 90% by one estimate). reservoirs and fishponds. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater alone, while important for the protection of Shuangtaizi wetland near the Liao river estuary is an receiving fresh water bodies and groundwater, would exception. The 400 km2 area some 30 km away from not contribute significantly to the control of red tides in Panjin has been identified and designated as a national the Bohai Sea. Overfishing has been cited as the main level Natural Protection Zone because of its significant reason for depletion of fish stocks in the Bohai Sea. ecological value. There are 260 species of vascular bundle plants, 110 species of phytoplankton, 51 species 6.11 ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENT of zooplankton, 443 species of invertebrates and 412 species of vertebrates. In addition, there are five All three proposed wastewater treatment plants will be national Class I (Larus Saundersi, Larul Vidibundus, located on greenfield sites. Besides farming, other Grus Japonensis, Cygnus and Pjoca Viyulina) and 29 agricultural activities and some traffic, there are no national Class 11 protective species. In particular, the industrial or urban facilities and operations, and thus no Shuangtaizi wetland is an important habitat for major noise sources, at or near the sites.

Figure 6-2 Shuantaizihekou Wetland

- _ Sm.mary

EA Summary 7 Montgomery Watson Harza

6.11 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS The priority for wastewater treatment in the basin is the removal of pollutants that impact adversely upon the The key socio-economic indicators of the LRB are surface water quality. The most critical pollutant in this summarized in Table 6.5. context is organic matter expressed as COD. The basis of the approach to wastewater treatment is therefore Table 6.5 Key Socio-Economic Indicators of the LRB initially to concentrate upon removal of COD, with removal of ammonia by nitrification to be introduced in Parameters Indicators subsequent phases of development of wastewater Population * Urban population, 18.36 million treatment in the basin in the longer term. * total population, 33.02 million . population density 338/km2 The Project has identified a preferred and least cost Land * agricultural land, 59.4 million mu option for wastewater conveyance, treatment and sludge * total land, 292 million mu disposal in each of the cities. For wastewater Urbanization * municipalties: 11 conveyance two to three alternative methods of Urb amuniipalciuties: II conveying wastewater to the sites of the proposed Agriculture * townships/countes:w 0 wastewater treatment plants have been compared and g *~~~major crops: wheat, corn, vegetables,, . , ~~~~theh leastes costototo option chosen.hsn fruits, etc. * total agricultural output: RMB 47 billion For wastewater and sludge treatment and as required by Pa the Bank, the following criteria formed the basis of Industry * major industries: metallurgy, petroleum, identifying the most appropriate wastewater treatment coal, power, chemicals, machinery, proposal. electronics, fabric & garments, pulp & paper, construction materials, food & 0 Comply with the required wastewater discharge brewery, etc. standard of 100 mg/I COD; * total industrial output: RMB 305.3 billion 0 Appropriate in respect of local conditions;

Note: Iha= amu 0 Proven in operation at or close to the scale proposed; 7 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES * Capable of supporting competitive bidding;

7.1 INTRODUCTION * Representing the least cost option. In order to satisfy all of the World Bank criteria a During project development, various alternatives have phased approach to wastewater treatment is been screened and compared with technical, economic recommended. The liquid process in the short to and environmental criteria. In terms of the medium term is based on secondary treatment using a environmental assessment of alternatives, the primary conventional activated sludge process treating raw objective was to identify and adopt options with the wastewater, without primary sedimentation. least adverse environmental impacts. The evaluation and comparison has included the following component In the long term, when nitrogen removal may be a options: requirement, secondary treatment will be achieved using a reaeration-denitrification-nitrification configuration. * Sewage interceptor routes and pumping station At this time, primary sedimentation will be added and layout; additional bioreactor capacity will be required together * Number and configuration of wastewater treatment with minor internal modifications within the existing plants; tankage. There will not be a need to augment the * Wastewater treatment plant sites and outfall capacity of the secondary sedimentation tanks. discharge locations; discharge locations; As wastewater is treated, solids are removed and * Treatment processes; become sludge that needs disposal. Sludge will be * Sludge handling and disposal, including options for treated by mechanical thickening and dewatering by both technologies to be used and sites for the final means of belt press or centrifuge. More complex is disposal of sludge; and digestion of the sludge in large vessels, either * The scenario of with and without the project. aerobically or anaerobically. Thickening produces sludge with 3% solids content, which is still a liquid. 7.2 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS Dewatering produces a semi-solid sludge with about OPTIONS 18% solids content, which can be handled by spade. It is this semi-solid product that can be mixed with larger volumes of household refuse and land filled.

EA Summary 8 Montgomery Watson Harza

8 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND needed from borrow pits and will require MITIGATION transportation to the site. * Land impact. LRBP 2 will permanently occupy 8.1 IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION 69.1 ha. of land by construction activities. In PHASE addition, a I ha. greenfield site will be needed for Panjin sludge landfill for three years. Shenyang Project construction activities will generate the WWTP plant will share co-disposal landfills in the following adverse impacts: city, with land impact through shortened life spans of the landfill. On a temporary basis, the * Airborne dust, mainly due to construction vehicle construction of the interception pipeline and sewers movement, land preparation, and materials will occupy over 38 ha. of farm land for a year, handling. At 5 meters from such an activity, the resulting in a loss of one crop during that period. dust concentration is expected to reach 10.1 mg/m3 From a regional perspective, the land occupied by while it will reduce to 0.86 mg/m3 100 meters from LRBP 2, whether permanently or temporarily, is a the site. Therefore, the impact will be limited to very small percentage of the total cultivated land. residents located within 100 meters from the From a village perspective however, the land construction sites and along both sides of occupied can make up to 10% of land for the construction transportation routes. villages affected, resulting in significant impacts on * Noise, from construction equipment and vehicular local agricultural activities. movement. The noise, as high as 110 dB(A), could * Water impacts, caused by cross-river construction travel a long distance in the open fields around the activities. The Shenyang and Panjin wastewater source, affecting residents of nearby villages. treatment plants will be built on the banks of Xi and * Traffic congestion, caused by pipeline construction Shuangtaizi rivers respectively, and construction in urban areas. Parts of streets will be closed activities close to the rivers could potentially cause during pipeline construction reducing the traffic- turbid or oil and grease contaminated surface runoff carrying capacity of the streets. The impact will be discharge into the rivers. greatest in Shenyang where part of the sewage interceptor is to be built in the urban center. 8.2 WATER IMPACTS - PRIMARY POSITIVE IMPACTS OF THE LRBP * Waste discharge from construction camps. The discharge of sewage from construction camps will The LRBP 2 will bring positive benefits to the water create temporary pollution sources to the surface environment of the LRB and other aspects of water environment. The construction camps will be environment and life which depends on the quality of sources of other pollutants such as sediment-laden water. On a basin wide basis, a steady state water stormwater discharges, solid waste and waste oil quality model has predicted that implementation of the from machinery maintenance. LRBP 2 will reduce the COD concentrations in LRB. * Earth materials. While pipeline construction will Figure 8.1 is the modeling result showing projected generate 100,000 m3 excavated material requiring COD concentrations in Hun river. disposal, the leveling, site preparation and construction of the treatment plants will need over 320,000 m3 of fill. Large quantities of fill will be

Figure 8.1 Hun River COD Concentration after WWTWs Operation in 2005

350 300 2I0 200 150 100 0 250

_.. CODClass V limit(40 mgII) - Year2000 Mo_elled COD concenfration at 75% Flow 200 RN, O. 0hUe

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Rsi-- Scnro1-er0l cnro2Ya20 ... .~~~~~~~~~...... Xt@,...... 5 [ ^ 1 ~~~~~~~~200Sh-pny. Lh,. ng200,000 m3 Y\ /WWoprt.

350 300 250 200 1;0 100 50 00 Chainage(km) -. . CODClass V lImit(40 mgtl) - Year2000 ModelledCOD concentration at 75%ilcFlow - ScenarioI -Year2001 - Scenario2 -Year 2005

EA Summary 9 Montgomery Watson Harza

A mathematical model was used, in accordance with the groundwater contamination can be attributed to polluted Technical Guideline for EA of China (Technical surface waters. Guideline), to predict surface water quality of the receiving water bodies. Large reductions in COD Large areas of agricultural land in Liaoning are concentrations in these rivers will be achieved by the irrigated with wastewater which in many cases is the project. Based on 75% dry season flow in April, the only available irrigation water. Based on a study by the COD concentration in Hun river of Shenyang will drop Agricultural Environmental Protection Institute, to 89 mg/I, and Shuangtaizi river of Panjin will drop to wastewater irrigation has caused crop yield reduction by 45 mg/I. 210 kg per hectare per year in paddy fields. Contaminants such as heavy metals and organics Since the LRB rivers have limited natural flows and present in the wastewater may also enter the crops dilution capacity in the dry season of November to April through irrigation. Freshwater fish farms and next year, the model shows that the surface water aquaculture are also affected by poor irrigation water quality in most sections of the LRB rivers will be quality. All these adverse effects will be alleviated to similar to that of wastewater plant effluent (COD 100 some extent as a result of LRBP implementation. mg/I), significantly exceeding the desired Category V standard (COD 40mg/1). Other additional potential benefits to be brought by the LRBP include: During the rest of the year, the surface water quality is expected to approach Category V standard compliance. * Improved sanitation and hygiene for residents near Although LRBP 2 cannot achieve the surface water LRB rivers; quality targets alone (eliminating below Category V in * Increased property values for land and real estate the LRB), it will contribute towards achieving this aim. along LRB rivers;

In terms of pollutant loads to the LRB, the LRBP 2 will * Improved recreation and environmental aesthetics reduce COD load by 47,665 tons per year from the to the communities of the project area; project cities. Together with the first phase of LRBP, * Increased revenue from tourism; and the total COD reduction will be 79,440 tons per year. In * Improved bio-diversity and ecosystem comparison, to completely eliminate the below- Category V surface water bodies basin wide, the LRB 8.3 BOHAI SEA MARINE WATER IMPACTS needs to reduce its COD discharge by 300,201 tons per year in the region. The two phases of the LRBP will Impact on the marine environment in the Bohai Sea is therefore contribute about 26% towards the COD predicted using a mathematical model recommended by reduction targets. the Technical Guideline which takes into consideration the hydrological characteristics of the marine With regard to specific river sections at and downstream environment such as mixing, dilution and diffusion, but of the project cities, significant improvements in surface not its assimilative capacity. The modeling indicated water quality can be expected following the that marine water quality would reach Category I implementation of the LRBP 2. In all project cities, standard if the total COD discharge into the Sea was mixed industrial and domestic wastewater and 184,507 tons per year or less from all rivers. After the stormwater is currently discharged directly into the implementation of the LBRP, improvement in the receiving water bodies through numerous outfalls along marine environment can be expected as COD discharge the cities' waterfront. The LRBP 2 will intercept the to LRB rivers will be reduced by 79,440 tons per year. majority of these direct discharges and divert them to If a Category I marine water standard were achieved, the proposed wastewater treatment plants located the model further indicated that COD concentration downstream from the cities. The water quality in the 4000 meters from the shoreline into the sea will be 0.7 sections of rivers flowing through the project cities is mg/L, close to the background concentration for then expected to approach that of upstream from the organics in such an environment. cities. Another indicator of marine water pollution is the Quality of groundwater, a major domestic and industrial occurrence of red tides, caused primarily by excessive water source, is expected to improve. This is because nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Red tides LRB rivers are the primary groundwater recharge have been an increasing concern in the Bohai sea and sources and, in the case of the dry season, groundwater their occurrence has increased from one in the 1950's to is the sole source. An earlier groundwater-monitoring 34 in the 1990's. The extent and duration of the events program conducted during the EA has already indicated has been rising as well. Fishery resources in the Bohai contamination in monitoring wells of the project cities. sea have also been affected. Over the last 10 years, the Residents of villages near some of the river ditches also total available fishery resources have declined by 27% complained to the EA team of strong nuisance odors in while sustainable resources declined from 130,000 tons their groundwater supply. All signs indicate that per year to 95,000 tons per year. The declining fish stock in the near-shore has driven fish catching

EA Summary 10 Montgomery Watson Harza activities into the deeper ocean. While general pollution Shenyang. Within this distance there are no residential of the marine water environment plays a role in the or other sensitive receptors surrounding the treatment declining fish stock in the Bohai sea, studies have found plants, except at Shenyang. Xiaoyu village is located that the primary reason for the decline are over-fishing 300 m from the Shenyang wastewater treatment plant and red tide events. site. During the prevailing wind, the site is downwind of the village. However, on the infrequent occasions when An EU funded assessment has showed that over 90% of wind direction is towards the village, the residents may nutrient discharges into the Bohai sea are from be able to smell odors from the treatment plant. agricultural and marine-cultural sources. Municipal Table 8.2 Odor Standard and Protected Distance wastewater discharge is responsible for less than 10% of the total nutrients discharged into the sea. For this Methyl reason, the first phase of the LRBP project will not Items City Nil 12S sulfide include dedicated nutrient removal processes, although Smelling the design makes provision for such processes to be threshold 0.1 0.00047 0.0021 added in the future. (mg/m3) Boundary 8.4 WETLAND AND ESTUARY IMPACTS Limit 1.5 0.06 0.007 The Shuangtaizi Natural Protection Zone, about 30 km Regdnta from Panjin city, has suffered the adverse impact of Residential human activities in recent decades. Vegetation, wild standards 0.2 0.01 - animals, birds, bio-diversity and water storage and flood (mg/m ) control capacity have all been affected. Especially Type of smel Acidulous Bad egg Acidulous serious is considered to be polluted water influx to the sulfur Zone from the Liao river. Impacted SY 200 100 400 distance (m) PJ 102 98 91 The wetland itself has a certain assimilative capacity, according to the regular water monitoring (Table 8.1). There will however be a significant positive impact in terms of air quality improvement related to the project. Table 8.1 Wetland Assimilative Capacity, mg/L Currently, tens of thousands of urban and rural residents Item I COD HODB I Oil i live close to open ditches or which essentially carry nothing but raw sewage. The site investigation of Prior to wetland 24.0 4.80 1.64 these areas and discussions held with the residents have After wetland 15.3 3.96 0.62 shown that there are nuisance odors, as well as other Reduction(% 36.3 17.50 62.20 health and hygiene concerns, from these open sewers. Particularly in the summer, such odors and other The impact of the LRBP 2 on the wetland will be concerns are bad. With the LBRP's sewer upgrading positive. In particular the wastewater treatment plant in and interception pipeline components, many of the open Panjin will intercept and treat 100,000 m3/d raw sewers will be converted to underground, properly- wastewater currently discharged to the Liao river 30 km engineered box culverts and sewers. The wastewater upstream of the Zone. Although the treatment capacity treatment plants in the project will improve the water is small compared with the total flow in the Liao river, quality of the receiving waters. Both will substantially the Panjin treatment plant is expected to reduce COD reduce the odor from these sources, bringing significant into the wetland by 28.8 t/d. environmental, health, sanitation and aesthetic benefits to the project area and residents. 8.5 AIR AND ODOR IMPACTS 8.6 NOISE IMPACTS The primary air emissions from the wastewater treatment plants will be odors generated from the Main noise sources during the operation phase include operation of aeration tanks and sludge handling the sound of lifting pumps, sludge pumps and blowers processes. The pumping stations could also be a source in the wastewater treatment plant and submerged pump of odors. The main constituents of such odors are NH3, motors in the pumping stations. The noise at the source H2S, and methyl sulfide. is 92-95 dB(A) for various equipment at wastewater treatment plants and 93 dB(A) inside pumping stations. An air diffusion model, recommended by the Technical About 30 m from a pumping station, the noise level is Guideline, was used in the EA to predict the attenuated to 61 dB(A). concentrations of the air emission constituents which cause the odors. The modeling results (Table 8.2) A fixed source noise attenuation model, recommended indicate that the distance required to achieve the by the Technical Guideline, was applied in the EA to residential area standards varies from about 100 m from forecast noise impacts. The modeling results show that the treatment plant in Panjin to up to 400 m in

EA Summary II Montgomery Watson Harza

except for Panjin, noise levels at the property boundary Sludge haulage is another potential environmental of the wastewater treatment plants and pumping stations concern. Potential leakage and odors from sludge as are all expected to be below the day time standards of well as the heavy haulage truck emissions would affect 60-65 dB(A) and night time standard of 55 dB(A). In the environment and residents along the haul routes. In Panjin, however, the night noise at the boundary will be Shenyang, where the haulage distance is significant (32 up to 61 dB(A) for the treatment plant and 63 dB(A) for km), ring roads have been designated for sludge pumping stations, respectively. These exceed the night transportation to avoid densely populated areas or day noise standard by about 8 dB(A). For the business districts. Special, water-tight haulage trucks wastewater treatment plants which are located in will be used to prevent odors and leakage from suburban countryside, there is no sensitive receptor contaminating the haul routes. although the incremental increase of noise against the currently quiet baseline noise is high. In the more Panjin intends to investigate a sludge composting plan, congested and built-up area in the city where the separate from the project, when the actual sludge pumping stations are to be located, any exceedance in constituents are known although the initial sampling of noise standards could be a concern. The two pumping sediments at municipal outfalls shows traces of heavy stations in Panjin are located in an industrial area which metals at an acceptable standard for agricultural is not considered noise- sensitive. application. The industries of Panjin are centered on petrochemical production. 8.7 SLUDGE DISPOSAL IMPACTS Table 8-3 Sediment Monitoring Result mg/l The two municipal wastewater treatment plants of the Item Cu Pb Cr As Cd H LRBP 2 will generate a total of 290 tons/day of sludge Panjin Cu36 Cr A C Hg containing 80% moisture. The Shenyang plant alone Limit for agricultural 0 will generate 227 tons/day sludge. In addition, the application orsludget000 500 1000 5 2 Fushun water re-use plant will have a certain amount of (GB 4284-84) sludge from backwashing filters. If the composting of sludge is feasible both in technical The sludge from the Shenyang WWTP will be disposed and marketing terms, Panjin will shift from landfill to either by co-disposal or in a separate monofill in the composting. If not, the landfill facility will be expanded city's Laohuchong landfill. The landfill, designed with a to a longer life span as part of the overall municipal thick clay liner and leachate collection and treatment, solid waste management planning of Panjin to achieve has a capacity of 750 tons/day in its first phase. Over a best cost-effectiveness. longer term, the landfill is scheduled to expand to 1500 tons/day with a life span of 30 years. Sludge haulage 8.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS will be on main trunk roads avoiding the urban centers and the haulage time will be arranged early in the Resettlement and compensation plans have been morning and then evenings to minimize the impact on prepared and are set out in a separate "Resettlement traffic. The sludge from Fushun wastewater re-use plant Action Plan" (RAP). A summary of land acquisition and will also be disposed of in a dedicated monofill with a people affected is shown in table 8.4. life span of 20 years designed to modern standards. The Table 8.4 Project Affected Land Statistics sludge from Panjin of 63 t/d will be disposed of in a new landfill facility to be partially financed by the Bank Permanent Land Acquisition Temporary Land loan proceeds, designed to international standards, with Project (ha (ha) a life span of 3 years in the first phase. City Land People Land People

A key potential environmental concern is contamination Acquisition Affected I Affected of groundwater by leachate from the landfills. This will Shenvang 57.0 249 29 374 contain high concentrations of organics and heavy Panj 12.0 153 0 0 metals potentially present in the sludge. The installation Fushun 0.1* i 9 88 of impermeable layers and interception drains at the Note: * Fushn wastewater re-use works will be largely limited to the landfills will prevent the leachate from percolating into modification and extension of the existing dedicated industrial water the ground and allow collection and treatment of supply plant. leachate. In the landfills for Shenyang, Fushun and The urban upgrading components will have positive Panjin, a leachate treatment plant is included as part of impacts to the cultural heritage in the city of Shenyang. As a capital of early years of Qing Dynasty, Shenyang There are no sensitive receptors in the areas surrounding is the home of an imperial palace and two of the first the landfills. Furthermore, good landfill management emperors' tombs. The ancient buildings at the palace techniques will be adopted, including daily coverage of have seriously deteriorated over the years. The ancient newly deposited sludge with a 20-30 cm layer of clean pine trees at the tombs are in poor health and many are soil to minimize odor and flies nuisance. on the verge of dying. The upgrading will reverse the trend.

EA Summary 12 Montgomery Watson Harza

8.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION to any concerns with regard to operation of the MEASURES facilities will be made.

Design Phase 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN * All project sites have been carefully selected to avoid or minimize potential impacts to the 9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT environment. * The Shenyang plant layout will be designed in such Several organizations will take responsibility for a way that the source of noise and odor will be environmental management and monitoring. located as far away from Xiaoyu village as possible. * Liaoning Provincial Construction Commission will * Mitigation measures such as landfill site drainage take the ultimate responsibility for environmental conitigatol, meahates sucllecaslandfill conve edrne protection and management. This organization is control, leachate collection and conveyance to the the overall leading agency for project treatment plant will be incorporated into the design implementation; stage. * The Project Management Office (PMO) of each Construction Phase project city and LUCRPO as the working group for project management under the Construction * Construction sites, transportation routes and Commission, will be responsible for day to day materials handling sites will be water sprayed in environmental management during the construction dry, windy conditions up to 4-5 times a day, phase. Their responsibilities will include drywind codtin up to 4- tieady engagement of professional supervision and especially if these sites are near sensitive areas, m entoris rviesa ion oud efo such as villages and residential areas. monitoring services, allocation of budget for environmental management, response to * Construction activities will be scheduled carefully environmental monitoring reports and the taking of to minimize the impact of noise from construction appropriate mitigation actions. They will also machinery to the surrounding environment. Night handle any environmental events which may occur time use of certain noisy plant such as pile-drivers, during construction. concrete vibrators, etc. will be prohibited. * Liaoning Provincial Environmental Bureau and its * In conjunction with the relevant authorities, traffic municipal counterparts will be responsible for plans will be prepared ahead of construction in enforcement of environmental regulations and congested urban centers, particularly in areas where standards and review of environmental monitoring roads will be closed or semi-closed for reports. construction. * Environmental monitoring stations operated by * Sewage and other waste from construction camps Provincial and local EPB's will undertake will be collected and diverted to municipal systems environmental monitoring of air quality, noise, to avoid contamination of the surrounding areas. water quality, and other impacts on the * Temporary land occupation, particularly in the environment from the project construction and agricultural areas, will be planned well ahead of the operations. construction. This will be undertaken in * The individual Wastewater companies will be consultation with farmers and others affected to responsible for day to day environmental minimize loss of crops. At the end of the management during the operational phase. construction, land will be reinstated to its original condition. A training program will be undertaken during project implementation for management and technical staff Operational Phase from the above organizations. Training course contents will include environmental regulations, wastewater * Operational procedures will be carefully followed, treatment technologies, environmental monitoring, and plants and sludge disposal facilities will be sludge handling and disposal, and handling and operated as designed. responses to environmental incidents. In total, it is * Contingency plans will be developed for the planned that 90 people will participate in the domestic discharge of raw wastewater into the receiving environmental training and 25 in overseas training environment. The plans will anticipate power courses. failure, overflows, equipment malfunctions and other conditions that may affect the proper 9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING functioning of the plants. * Regular consultation with residents in the nearby In order to ensure that the project is implemented in communities will be undertaken, Prompt response compliance with relevant environmental standards and regulations and in accordance with the EA, a

EA Summary 13 Montgomery Watson Harza

Table 9.1 Environmental Monitoring Program

Environment Monitoring Construction Phase Operation Phase Category Items

Parameters Oil, pH, SS, wastewater flow SS, pH, COD, BOD, wastewater flow

Water Locations Upstream and downstream of Inlet and outlet of each treatment plant; upstream and downstream of the adjacent rivers adjacent rivers Inlet and outlet monitoring twice a day; river monitoring twice a Frequency 3 consecutive days a year year.

Parameter Hardness, pH, COD, iron, E. coli,

Groundwater Locations 100 m upstream, 100 m downstream, and 500 m downstream

Frequency Twice a year, at high and low flows respectively

Parameter TSP Odor, TSP

I at treatment plant sites and 3 Air Locations I at the nearest village and I near the plants at pipe sites Frequency2conecutvedysa3 days each in hot and cold seasons for TSP and HS5 Frequency 2 consecutive days a year Dalintesm rfood. 2 Daiyi th sumer for odor.

Parameter dB(A) dB(A)

Construction sites Boundary of the plants Noise Locations Sensitive receptors Nearest villages

Frequency Once a week Twice a year in winter and summer

Table 9.2 Summary of Monitoring Cost plants, and sludge disposal sites. The primary methods of public participation included public Environmental Monitoring cost meetings/hearings, interviews, questionnaires, and use Equipment . . of public media such as newspapers. The EA team City Construction Operation Total organized and chaired the public meetings which were phase phase also attended by project planners, design engineers, and SY 1 060 000 64 000 96 000 1 220 000 govemment officials from the project management PJ 820 000 50 000 75 000 945 000 offices and LUCRPO. FS 920 000 55 000 82 000 1 057 000 Total Consultation has been undertaken throughout project Cost 2 800 000 169 000 253 000 3 222 000 preparation. Each of the project cities has carried out at least two rounds of public participation. The first round comprehensive monitoring program has been prepared focused on environmental screening to define public for water, air and noise. The plan covers both the concerns, to assist identification of key environmental construction and operation phases of the LRBP for all issues and to draw public response and comments on the three project cities. The monitoring program is initially developed mitigation measures for the potential summarized in Table 9.1 and the estimated cost of the adverse impacts identified before EA TOR finalization. monitoring program is presented in Table 9.2. The second round was designed to ensure public awareness of the EA effort and final project definition 10 PUBLIC CONSULTATION and mitigation by presenting a draft EA report to the public through information disclosure procedures. As 10.1 PROCESS part of the process of public participation, telephone hotlines have been maintained in each PMO to solicit Community stakeholders were consulted during the public comments. Details of the two rounds of public project EA, particularly those who will be directly participation undertaken are presented in Table 10.1. affected by the Project. These included urban and rural residents near proposed pipelines, wastewater treatment

EA Summary 14 Montgomery Watson Harza

Table 10.1 Two Rounds of Public Participation

Round Project Stage Main Objective

Projectidentificatio/ .* Identify stakeholders First Project identification/ * Secure PMO commitment to public consultation (screening) TOR * Agree on the extent and mode of consultation * Initial public concerns about the LRBP

* Communicate project and impact information and EA findings Second Draft EA report * Public opinions and concerns on EA and mitigation * Response on and finalizing mitigation measures * Public acceptance of EA

Table 10.2 Summary of Public Meetings Table 10.3 Public Opinion Survey (No. of People Surveyed) No. of ______City Date Time Locations N.o _City Dt Tie Lcto Participants Item SY PJ FS Total

07/02/00 Yuliangpu 150 Background Total 820 510 130 1 460 village meeting SY 08/04/00 5 pm hall, Xiaoyu 148 Male 638 270 86 994 village meeting Sex _ 12/08/00 hall 149 Female 182 240 44 466

09/27/01 450 Under 20 128 180 - 308 PJ ~ ~ 3 pm Gujia village _

01/15/02 meetng yard 50 Age 20-60 493 315 100 908

09/03/01 Meeting Hall of 40 >60 199 15 30 244 Fushun No. 3 FS ~ ~ 5pm Petrochemical Public 210 195 12 417 01/15/02 36 servant Plant Farmer 423 195 100 718 10.2 PUBLIC MEETINGS Profession Worker 85 7 15 107 Two rounds of public participation and public meetings were held. Public meetings allow direct communication Student 78 180 - 258 with the public and allow semi-literate individuals the

opportunity to participate. Details of these meetings are Other 24 l 3 38 summarized in Table 10.2 1 Primary 183 6 5 194

In addition, several smaller scale informal public school 183 6_519 meetings were held at the pumping station sites. Junior high 328 182 80 590

10.3 PUBLIC OPINION SURVEY Education High school 147 216 30 393

Public opinion surveys have been undertaken as one of Vocation 148 71 9 228 the key tools of public consultation. Questionnaires school prepared by the EA team were widely distributed to the public. Details of public opinion surveys undertaken are University 114 35 6 155 summarized in Table 10.3.

EA Summary 15 Montgomery Watson Harza

10.4 RESULTS OF CONSULTATION manned by environmental specialists is another source of information to the public about the project and While the overwhelming majority of the public strongly potential project impacts. supported the objectives of LRBP 2, concerns were expressed at the potential impacts, both long-term and 11. CONCLUSIONS short-term, during the construction and operation of the LRBP 2. For each of the concerns expressed during the The environmental assessment for the LRBP 2 has public consultation, a corresponding mitigation measure drawn the following conclusions: has been developed and communicated to the concerned public. * The LRB has been suffering acute water shortage and severe pollution in virtually all its rivers. The Table 10.4 summarizes the concerns and mitigation region has only limited industrial wastewater measures proposed. treatment and even less capacity for municipal wastewater treatment. As a result of the direct Table 10.4 Public Concerns and Responses discharge of contaminants into its waterways surface water pollution has been worsening and has Potential Impact Mitigation Measure threatened the quality of groundwater and the Bohai Air-borne dust in * Periodic water spray sea. construction phase * Speed limit for vehicles * The LRBP, to be partially financed by the World Noise and vibration in * Rationalize construction schedule Bank, fits well into the integrated environmental construction phase * Minimize night construction management plan for the basin. This is one of the * Excavation controlled and top state and provincial pollution control priorities. minimized at any one location While the LRBP alone cannot resolve the problem Traffic hold ups during * Proper disposal of spoil and meet the government goal for surface water construction phase r quality, it will be a key step and contribute Goopasnion significantly towards achieving the goal. congestion Wastewater and solid The benefits of the LRBP 2 are large. Together waste pro* Use of septic tanks with the first phase, it will cut the COD load to the wansteroucetionc s * Dispose solid waste inlandfill basin by about 26%, improve surface water quality construction cammaoin the reaches of the rivers in the two project cities Odor inoperation . to closer approaching Category V and will improve indoor water quality downstream from the cities. It will Noise in operation phase * Proper insulation of noise sources help alleviate contamination of groundwater, the Sludge haulage * Avoid populated area, timing the Bohai sea and the wetlands. Health risks related to haulage inmorning and night time contaminated water supply and odors will be Leachate from sludge * Lining, leachate collection and reduced. landfill site treatment at landfills 0 The LRBP 2 will also cause some adverse impacts * Compensate according to state to the environment. During the construction phase, Farmland acquisition policies dust, noise, construction camps, construction * Compensate according to state materials extraction, traffic hold ups and cross river House__demolition _ policies construction will be experienced. During the operation phase, noise, odors, sludge haulage, 10.5 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE sludge disposal and land acquisition will impact the villages around the project sites. With careful Advertisements have been placed in the most popular design and implementation of appropriate local newspapers in all three project cities at least twice mitigation measures, however, these adverse to describe the project and its potential impacts and to impacts can be mitigated. invite the public to express their concerns about the * To further ensure environmental protection and project. In addition, the draft EA reports and other proper implementation of mitigation measures, an project related information, including project environmental management plan has been environmental information, have been placed in project developed. This includes government and local management offices, public library and environmental organizations. institutes involved in the EA for public review and comments. The telephone hotline at the EA teams

EA Summary 16