Yellow Sea East

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09846-6 - Korean History in Maps: From Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D. Shin Excerpt More information KOREA TODAY RUSSIA Hoeryeong Seonbong Najin CHINA NORTH HAMGYEONG Mt. Baekdu Cheongjin Hyesan Manpo YANGGANG Ganggye Chosan Gimchaek JAGANG Dancheon SOUTH Sinuiju NORTH HAMGYEONG PYEONGAN Hamheung SOUTH Anju PYEONGAN Suncheon EAST SEA Pyongyang Wonsan (Sea of Japan) Nampo KOREA GANGWON Goseong Sariwon NORTH BAY SOUTH HWANGHAE HWANGHAE Sokcho Haeju Gaeseong Panmunjeom 38° GYEONGGI Chuncheon Gangneung Incheon Seoul GANGWON Ulleung Suwon Wonju Pyeongchang Dok GYEONGGI NORTH CHUNGCHEONG Cheonan Cheongju YELLOW SOUTH Andong CHUNGCHEONG SEA Sejong Daejeon NORTH GYEONGSANG Pohang Daegu Gyeongju Jeonju NORTH JEOLLA SOUTH Ulsan GYEONGSANG Gwangju Changwon Busan SOUTH JEOLLA Mokpo Yeosu Tsushima JAPAN KOREA STRAIT SOUTH Jeju City SEA Fukuoka JEJU Capital Metropolitan Major cities Special Provincial The 38th Ceasefire cities autonomous city boundaries parallel line THE KOREAN PENINSULA | 1 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09846-6 - Korean History in Maps: From Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D. Shin Excerpt More information KOREA IN ASIA RUSSIA Ulan-Ude Astana Karaganda Khabarovsk Ulaanbaatar KAZAKSTAN MONGOLIA Almaty Vladivostok Sapporo Bishkek KYRGYZSTAN NORTH KOREA Beijing Pyongyang TAJIKISTAN JAPAN Seoul SOUTH KOREA PAKISTAN CHINA Tokyo Osaka Islamabad Nanjing Shanghai Lhasa NEPAL EAST New Delhi BHUTAN Thimphu CHINA SEA Agra Kathmandu BANGLADESH Taipei Dhaka Guangzhou TAIWAN Kolkata VIETNAM INDIA MYANMAR Hanoi Naypyidaw LAOS Mumbai PHILIPPINE SEA Chiang Mai Vientiane Rangoon THAILAND BAY OF Bangkok SOUTH Manila Madras BENGAL CAMBODIA CHINA SEA ANDAMAN Phnom Penh PHILIPPINES SEA Ho Chi Minh City SRI LANKA Colombo MALAYSIA Brunei Kuala Lumpur MALAYSIA SINGAPORE Padang INDONESIA PAPUA Jakarta NEW GUINEA EAST TIMOR Port Moresby Darwin INDIAN OCEAN Dampier AUSTRALIA Capitals Major cities 2 | KOREAN HISTORY IN MAPS © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09846-6 - Korean History in Maps: From Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D. Shin Excerpt More information THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE KOREAN PENINSULA RUSSIA Songhua River CHINA Najin Liao River Duman (Tumen) River Mt. Baekdu Cheongjin Hun River Hyesan Taizi River Manpo Mt. Chilbo Ganggye Mt. Mantap Chosan NANGLIM MOUNTAINS Amnok (Yalu) River Seongjin HAMGYEONG MOUNTAINS Mt. Myohyang Sinuiju Hamheung Cheongcheon River Daedong River Suncheon EAST SEA ( ) Wonsan Sea of Japan Pyongyang Nampo Goseong Sariwon Mt. Geumgang TAEBAEK MOUNTAINS Imjin River Haeju Mt. Seorak 38° Gaeseong Chuncheon Mt. Bukhan Gangneung Seoul Ulleung Incheon Dok Han River Wonju Mt. Sobaek YELLOW Sejong City SEA Mt. Gyeryong Daejeon Geum River Daegu Gyeongju SOBAEK MOUNTAINS Mt. Naejang Nakdong River Ulsan Gwangju Mt. Jiri Busan Mokpo Tsushima JAPAN KOREA STRAIT Fukuoka Jeju City Jeju Mt. Halla Capitals Major cities Rivers 38th parallel Ceasefire line THE KOREAN PENINSULA | 3 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09846-6 - Korean History in Maps: From Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D. Shin Excerpt More information Neolithic comb–pattern pot excavated at Amsa-dong, Seoul. (National Museum of Korea) 4 | KOREAN HISTORY IN MAPS © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09846-6 - Korean History in Maps: From Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D. Shin Excerpt More information 200,000 BP–7TH CENTURY BCE 1 PREHISTORIC KOREA Bronze rattle from the 3rd century BCE. Excavated at Daegok-ri, South Jeolla province. (National Museum of Korea) The prehistoric era spans the period from the earliest hominid inhabitation on the peninsula, some time before 200,000 BP, up to the first recorded polities that emerged between the seventh and third centuries BCE. The Paleolithic peoples of the Korean peninsula were nomadic and subsisted on what they could gather and hunt; from the Neolithic period, people began to live a more settled life, and primitive agriculture developed. The Bronze Age saw the first signs of significant social differentiation such as dolmen tombs containing luxury objects, and the transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age was marked by a change from pottery incised with various patterns to a plain style. PREHISTORIC KOREA | 5 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09846-6 - Korean History in Maps: From Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D. Shin Excerpt More information The Peopling of the Korean Peninsula Existing evidence shows that hominids populated the Korean peninsula by at least 200,000 years BP, but many archaeologists believe that early humans were living on the peninsula as long ago as 500,000 BP. Modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) began to populate the Korean peninsula around 30,000–40,000 years ago, replacing or intermingling with the earlier inhabitants. Recent genetic evidence suggests that there were two distinct paths by which modern humans migrated to the peninsula, one from the north and one from the south. Northeast China Plain GOBI DESERT Daxing'anling Mountains Yinshan Mountains Beijing EAST SEA Pyongyang (Sea of Japan) Loess Plateau Seoul Tokyo YELLOW North SEA China Plain Osaka Sichuan Basin Nanjing Shanghai PACIFIC Dongting Lake EAST CHINA SEA OCEAN Yungui Plateau Guangzhou MIGRATION ROUTES OF EARLY HUMANS 30,000 BP–10,000 BP Southern migration Northern migration Present-day route of Homo sapiens route of Homo sapiens major cities 6 | KOREAN HISTORY IN MAPS © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09846-6 - Korean History in Maps: From Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D. Shin Excerpt More information The Paleolithic Era | Approximately 200,000 BP–8,000 BP (6,000 BCE) The Paleolithic period on the Korean peninsula is characterized by the use of stone tools. As in other parts of the world, finds of such tools show a progression over thousands of years from large rough tools to smaller and more delicate ones. The inhabitants of Paleolithic Korea were hunter-gatherers who relied on foraging for edible plants. They are thought to have lived a nomadic life in small bands, setting up temporary camps or living for brief periods in caves. The warming climate at the Hand axe end of the last ice age brought about changes in the mode of human life on the Korean peninsula, excavated at Juwol-ri, as elsewhere, and marked the beginning of a transition to the Neolithic period. Gyeonggi province. Length: 235mm. (Yonsei University Museum) Songhua River Donggwangjin Liao River Gulpo-ri Duman (Tumen) River Hun River Taizi River Amnok (Yalu) River Jangdeok-ri Obsidian burin (chisel-type implement) excavated at Seokjang-ri, Cheongcheon River South Chungcheong province. Length: 39mm. (Yonsei University Museum) Daedong River EAST SEA Mandal-ri (Sea of Japan) Geomeunmoru Cave Pyongyang Yonggok Cave Imjin River Han River Sangmuryong-ri Wondang-ri Juwol-ri Jeongok-ri Simgok-ri Geumpa-ri Hahwagye-ri Seoul Han River Sangsa-ri Gunang Cave Suyanggae Geum Cave Stone scraper Bongmyeong-dong excavated at Jungnae-ri, South Jeolla province. Seokjang-ri Yongho-dong YELLOW Noeun-dong Length: 155mm. (Yonsei University Museum) SEA Nakdong River Geum River Jingeuneul Wolseong-dong Imbul-ri Gorye-ri Jungnae-ri Naechon-ri Wolpyeong SOUTH SEA Saengsugwe Stone tool with tanged point MAJOR PALEOLITHIC SITES excavated at Wolpyeong, South Jeolla province. Sites of Present-day Length: 71mm. excavations major cities (Yonsei University Museum) PREHISTORIC KOREA | 7 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09846-6 - Korean History in Maps: From Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D. Shin Excerpt More information The Neolithic Era | 8,000 BCE–2,000 BCE The Neolithic period is marked by two major developments: the appearance of pottery and the development of ground rather than chipped stone tools. The earliest pottery of the Korean peninsula was characterized by raised or stamped decoration. This later tended to be replaced by incised decoration, typified by jeulmun or “comb-pattern” pottery. The people of the Neolithic era also made adornments and symbolic items such as necklaces and small animal figures or human faces. Settled life began in this period, and villages of earth-pit houses dating from this period have been discovered all over the peninsula. People continued to subsist by foraging and hunting, but another major development was the beginning of agricultural cultivation. Archaeological evidence suggests that people were cultivating millet and rice in this period. Songhua River Liao River Gulpo-ri Duman (Tumen) River Nongpo-dong Hun River Taizi River Amnok (Yalu) River Cheongcheon River Sinam-ri Comb-pattern Daedong River EAST SEA earthenware pot Cheongho-ri Geumtan-ri excavated at (Sea of Japan) Gungsan-ri Pyongyang Nongpo-dong, North Hamgyeong province. (National Museum of Korea) Imjin River Jitam-ri Han River Osan-ri Kyo-dong Seoul Si Island Misa-ri Oi Island Amsa-dong Han River YELLOW Hupo-ri Polished stone axes SEA Nakdong River excavated at Hupo-ri in North Geum River

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