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Border Trade: Reopening the Tibet Border Claude Arpi the First Part of This Paper Concluded with This Question: Can the Borders
Border Trade: Reopening the Tibet Border Claude Arpi The first part of this paper concluded with this question: can the borders be softened again? Can the age-old relation between the Tibetans and the Himalayans be revived? The process has started, though it is slow. This paper will look at the gains acquired from the reopening of the three land ports, but also at the difficulties to return to the booming trade which existed between Tibet and India before the invasion of Tibet in 1950 and to a certain extent till the Indo-China war of 1962. It will also examine the possibility to reopen more land ports in the future, mainly in Ladakh (Demchok) and Arunachal Pradesh. Tibet’s Economic Figures for 2012 According to a Chinese official website, the Tibetan Autonomous Region is economically doing extremely well. Here are some ‘official’ figures: • Tibet's GDP reached 11.3 billion US $ in 2012, an increase of 12 % compared to the previous year (Tibet's GDP was 9.75 billion US $ in 2011 and 8.75 billion US $ in 2010). • Tibet's economy has maintained double-digit growth for 20 consecutive years. • Fixed asset investment have increased by 20.1 % • The tax revenues reached 2.26 billion US $ (fiscal revenue grew by 46%) • And Tibet received over 11 million domestic and foreign tourists earning 2.13 billion US $ Tibet’s Foreign Trade Figures for 2012 The foreign trade is doing particularly well. On January 23, 2013, Xinhua announced that Tibet has registered new records in foreign trade. A Chinese government agency reported that the foreign trade of the Tibetan Autonomous Region reached more than 3 billion U.S. -
Sino-Indian Border Trade: the Promise of Jelep La
No. 24No. 45 May 2017 December 2014 Sino-Indian Border Trade: The Promise of Jelep La Diki Sherpa Research Assistant, Institute of Chinese Studies, Delhi [email protected] trade or an instance of trade diplomacy A decade has elapsed since the re-initiation towards India. of the border trade between India and China through Nathu La, though the Indian side This paper first, seeks to highlight the remains undecided on many fronts. Among possible reasons for the trade gap between others, one of the most crucial is the lack of India and China through Nathu La. Second, willingness for infrastructural development considering India’s comparative advantage against China’s agility for road-building. and potential through this sector, it suggests Notwithstanding, trade balance through re-opening of Jelep La as a viable option for Nathu La has continued to be in favour of further enhancing bilateral trade. The India. This is in stark contrast to the steep historical significance of Jelep La from imbalance that India suffers with China Kalimpong in North Bengal suggests the through other Indian border posts, such as vibrancy of this route and that the Lipu Lekh and Shipki La in Uttarakhand and topography facilitates smooth access to Himachal Pradesh. Interestingly, the relative Tibet. Further, it can act as a potent force for trade imbalance that exists through Nathu La bridging the spatial differences, promoting does not seem to be of much concern to mutual cooperation and fostering healthy China, so far. The lack of Chinese protest interdependence between the two here raises the question of whether this neighbouring countries. -
Defence Committee
10 STANDING COMMITTEE ON DEFENCE (2020-21) (SEVENTEENTH LOK SABHA) MINISTRY OF DEFENCE [Action Taken by the Government on the Observations / Recommendations contained in the Fiftieth Report (16th Lok Sabha) on ‘Provision of all weather road connectivity under Border Roads Organisation (BRO) and other agencies up to International borders as well as the strategic areas including approach roads- An appraisal’] TENTH REPORT LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI February, 2021/ Magha, 1942 (Saka) ( i ) TENTH REPORT STANDING COMMITTEE ON DEFENCE (2020-21) (SEVENTEENTH LOK SABHA) MINISTRY OF DEFENCE [Action taken by the Government on the Observations / Recommendations contained in the Fiftieth Report (16th Lok Sabha) on ‘Provision of all weather road connectivity under Border Roads Organisation (BRO) and other agencies up to International borders as well as the strategic areas including approach roads- An appraisal’] Presented to Lok Sabha on 12.02.2021 Laid in Rajya Sabha on 12.02.2021 LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI February, 2021/ Magha, 1942 (Saka) ( ii ) CONTENTS PAGE COMPOSITION OF THE COMMITTEE (2020-21).……………………….....…..... (iv) INTRODUCTION ..…………………………………………………….….…............... (v) CHAPTER I Report………………………………………………………………….. 1 CHAPTER II a) Recommendations/Observations which have been accepted by the Government …………………………………. 15 b) Recommendations/Observations which have been accepted by the Government and commented upon................ 24 CHAPTER III Recommendations/Observations which the Committee do not desire to pursue in view of the replies received from the Government …………………………………………………… 27 CHAPTER IV Recommendations/Observations in respect of which replies of Government have not been accepted by the Committee which require reiteration and commented upon ………………….… 28 CHAPTER V Recommendations/Observations in respect of which Government have furnished interim replies/replies awaited……………………….......................................................... -
General Awareness Capsule for AFCAT II 2021 14 Points of Jinnah (March 9, 1929) Phase “II” of CDM
General Awareness Capsule for AFCAT II 2021 1 www.teachersadda.com | www.sscadda.com | www.careerpower.in | Adda247 App General Awareness Capsule for AFCAT II 2021 Contents General Awareness Capsule for AFCAT II 2021 Exam ............................................................................ 3 Indian Polity for AFCAT II 2021 Exam .................................................................................................. 3 Indian Economy for AFCAT II 2021 Exam ........................................................................................... 22 Geography for AFCAT II 2021 Exam .................................................................................................. 23 Ancient History for AFCAT II 2021 Exam ............................................................................................ 41 Medieval History for AFCAT II 2021 Exam .......................................................................................... 48 Modern History for AFCAT II 2021 Exam ............................................................................................ 58 Physics for AFCAT II 2021 Exam .........................................................................................................73 Chemistry for AFCAT II 2021 Exam.................................................................................................... 91 Biology for AFCAT II 2021 Exam ....................................................................................................... 98 Static GK for IAF AFCAT II 2021 ...................................................................................................... -
Water Insecurity and Sanitation in Asia
WATER INSECURITY AND SANITATION IN ASIA Edited by Naoyuki Yoshino, Eduardo Araral, and KE Seetha Ram ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK INSTITUTE PANTONE 281C WATER INSECURITY AND SANITATION IN ASIA Edited by Naoyuki Yoshino, Eduardo Araral, and KE Seetha Ram © 2019 Asian Development Bank Institute All rights reserved. First printed in 2019. ISBN 978–4–89974–113–8 (Print) ISBN 978–4–89974–114-5 (PDF) The views in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), its Advisory Council, ADB’s Board or Governors, or the governments of ADB members. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. ADBI uses proper ADB member names and abbreviations throughout and any variation or inaccuracy, including in citations and references, should be read as referring to the correct name. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “recognize,” “country,” or other geographical names in this publication, ADBI does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Users are restricted from reselling, redistributing, or creating derivative works without the express, written consent of ADBI. The Asian Development Bank recognizes “China” as the People’s Republic of China, "Korea" as the Republic of Korea, and "Vietnam" as Viet Nam. Note: In this publication, “$” refers to US dollars. Asian Development Bank Institute -
A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan
The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan PhD Thesis Submitted by Ehsan Mehmood Khan, PhD Scholar Regn. No. NDU-PCS/PhD-13/F-017 Supervisor Dr Muhammad Khan Department of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Faculties of Contemporary Studies (FCS) National Defence University (NDU) Islamabad 2017 ii The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan PhD Thesis Submitted by Ehsan Mehmood Khan, PhD Scholar Regn. No. NDU-PCS/PhD-13/F-017 Supervisor Dr Muhammad Khan This Dissertation is submitted to National Defence University, Islamabad in fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Peace and Conflict Studies Department of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Faculties of Contemporary Studies (FCS) National Defence University (NDU) Islamabad 2017 iii Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for Doctor of Philosophy in Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Department NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY Islamabad- Pakistan 2017 iv CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION It is certified that the dissertation titled “The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan” written by Ehsan Mehmood Khan is based on original research and may be accepted towards the fulfilment of PhD Degree in Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS). ____________________ (Supervisor) ____________________ (External Examiner) Countersigned By ______________________ ____________________ (Controller of Examinations) (Head of the Department) v AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis titled “The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan” is based on my own research work. Sources of information have been acknowledged and a reference list has been appended. -
STANDING COMMITTEE on DEFENCE (2018-19) (SIXTEENTH LOK SABHA) MINISTRY of DEFENCE Provision of All Weather Road Connectivity
50 STANDING COMMITTEE ON DEFENCE (2018-19) (SIXTEENTH LOK SABHA) MINISTRY OF DEFENCE Provision of all weather road connectivity under Border Roads Organisation (BRO) and other agencies up to International borders as well as the strategic areas including approach roads- An appraisal. FIFTIETH REPORT LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI February, 2019/Magha, 1940(Saka) FIFTIETH REPORT STANDING COMMITTEE ON DEFENCE (2018-19) (SIXTEENTH LOK SABHA) MINISTRY OF DEFENCE Provision of all weather road connectivity under Border Roads Organisation (BRO) and other agencies up to International borders as well as the strategic areas including approach roads- An appraisal. Presented to Lok Sabha on 12.02.2019 Laid in Rajya Sabha on 12.02.2019 LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI February, 2019/Magha, 1940 (Saka) CONTENTS REPORT PART I PAGE CHAPTER I Introductory ………………………………………………………….............. CHAPTER II Allocation and Utilization of Budgetary Provisions.................................. CHAPTER III Challenges faced by BRO…............………........................................... CHAPTER IV Addressing the constraints - Support from State Governments............. PART II Observation/recommendation ....................................................................................... APPENDICES Minutes of the Sittings of the Standing Committee on Defence held on 27.10.2017, 14.11.2018 and 11.02.2019.………………................................................................... COMPOSITION OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON DEFENCE (2018-19) SHRI KALRAJ MISHRA - CHAIRPERSON Lok Sabha 2. Shri Deepak Adhikari (Dev) 3. Shri Suresh Chanabasappa Angadi 4. Shri Shrirang Appa Barne 5. Col Sona Ram Chaudhary VSM (Retd) 6. Shri H D Devegowda 7. Shri Jayadev Galla 8. Shri Sher Singh Ghubaya 9. Shri Gaurav Gogoi 10. Dr Murli Manohar Joshi 11. Km Shobha Karandlaje 12. Dr Mriganka Mahato 13. Shri Rodmal Nagar 14. Shri Partha Pratim Ray 15. Shri A P Jithender Reddy 16. -
Mountain Pass Is a Navigable Rout Through a Range Or Over a Ridge. It Is in the Zaskar Range of Jammu & Kashmir at an Elevation of 3528 M
Mountain pass is a navigable rout through a range or over a ridge. It is in the Zaskar range of Jammu & Kashmir at an elevation of 3528 m. Mountain pass is a connectivity route through the mountain run. It connects Shrinagar with Kargil and Leh. Mountain pass are often found just above the source of river, constituting Road passing through this pass has been designated at the National Highway (NH-1D) a drainage divide. A pass me be very short, consisting of steep slope to the top of the Zoji La pass pass or maybe a valley many kilometer long. Mintaka pass Introduction Located in the Karakoram range at an elevation of 4709 m At the tri-junction of the Indian, Chinese & Afghan Border. Mountain Passes in India Aghil pass Karakoram pass Located in the Karakoram range at an elevation of about 4805 m This pass separates the Ladakh region in India with the Shaksgam Located in the Karakoram range at an elevation of 5540 m. valley in China. Act as a passage between India china with the help of Khardung La It is situated to the north of Mount Godwin-Austin in the Karakoram the Karakoram Highway. The route was part of the ancient Silk route active in history Located in the Karakoram range at an elevation of 5359 m in the Ladakh region. It is the highest motorable pass in the countary. It connect Leh and Siachen glaciers. Located in the Himalayan range in Jammu & Kashmir at an elevation Located in the Himalayan range in the state of Himachal Pradesh,. -
Current Analyses on Shipki-La Trade, Kinnaur 2017
Ethnologia Polona, vol. 37: 2016 (2017), 31 – 52 PL ISSN 0137 - 4079 CURRENT ANALYSES ON SHIPKI-LA TRADE, KINNAUR, 2017 RAFAL BESZTERDA DEPARTMENT OF ETHNOLOGY AND CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY NICOLAUS COPERNICUS UNIVERSITY IN TORUN, POLAND This paper reflects on the most current trading activities through Shipki Pass in Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh. Apart from presenting economic data it discusses the background context, political conditions and some future prospects of the trading process. * * * Tekst artykułu omawia współczesne przedsięwzięcia handlowe dokonujące się przez przełęcz Szipki w okręgu Kinnaur, Himaćal Pradeś. Obok danych ekonomicznych przedstawia tło kontekstowe, uwarun ko wania polityczne oraz pomysły rozwojowe tej działalności. K e y w o r d s: Himalayas, Kinnaur, trade, Shipkila, Tibet, China. INTRODUCTION In my own previous publications some false predictions in relation to the declining tendencies of total border trade value through Shipkila in Kinnaur (Beszterda 2015, 239–259; Beszterda 2014, 117–134) were made. In the light of more recent research findings, I wish to take the opportunity to revise some of my earlier conclusions and interpretations. For readers who are not fully aware of the issue, taxfree border trade between India and Tibet was reactivated in the 1990s. Until this reopening the Himalayan passes had been officially sealed since 1962. The first pass designated for this purpose was Lipulekh in Pithoragarh Distt., Uttarakhand (opened to all intents and purposes in 1992). The second was Shipkila in Kinnaur Distt., H.P. – the subject of this paper (opened in 1994), and the third was Nathula in Eastern Dist., Sikkim (since 2006). -
Iasbaba 60 Day Plan 2020 –Geography
IASBABA 60 DAY PLAN 2020 –GEOGRAPHY 60 DAYS PROGRAMME-2020 IASBABA IASBABA 60 DAY PLAN 2020 –GEOGRAPHY Q.1) With respect to the seismic waves consider the Following statements: 1. Primary waves travel to and fro in the line of propaGation and travel only in liquid medium 2. Secondary waves travel perpendicular to the line of propagation and they travel both in solid and liquid medium. Which amongst the above statements is /are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q.1) Solution (d) Basic InFormation: • Seismic waves are waves of enerGy that travel throuGh the Earth's layers, and are a result of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, maGma movement, larGe landslides and larGe man-made explosions that Give out low-frequency acoustic energy. • The place of occurrence of an earthquake is called ‘focus’ and the place which experiences the seismic event first is called ‘epicenter’. • Epicenter is located on the earth’s surface and focus is always inside the earth. • The propaGation velocity of seismic waves depends on density and elasticity of the medium as well as the type of wave. Velocity tends to increase with depth throuGh Earth's crust and mantle, but drops sharply GoinG from the mantle to the outer core. • Seismic waves are Generally divided into 1. Primary waves, 2. Secondary waves and 3. Surface waves. Primary waves: • They are called lonGitudinal waves or compressional waves and are analoGous to sound waves where particles move to and fro in the line of propaGation. • They travel both in solid and liquid medium. -
Month of February-2019
CURRENT AFFAIRS MONTH OF FEBRUARY-2019 Plot-1441, Opp. IOCL Petrol Pump, CRP Square, Bhubaneswar Ph : 8093083555, 8984111101 Web : www.vanikias.com | E-mail : [email protected] www.facebook.com/vanikias CURRENT AFFAIRS – FEBRUARY–2019 Source-PIB 01.02.2019 A unique travelogue series ‘Rag Rag Mein Ganga’ launched on Doordarshan Union Minister for Water Resources, 1. Budget Highlights 2019-20 River Development and Ganga Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Rejuvenation launched travelogue (PM-KISAN) program “Rag Rag Mein Ganga” on To extend direct income support at the Doordarshan. rate of Rs. 6,000 per year to farmer This series has been made by families, having cultivable land upto Doordarshan in collaboration with 2 hectares. National Mission for Clean Ganga Under this Government of India funded (NMCG). Scheme, Rs.2,000 each will be The show relays the message of the transferred to the bank accounts of need of rejuvenating River Ganga around 12 crore Small and Marginal while also informing about the efforts farmer families, in three equal of the Government to clean Ganga – instalments. presented in a unique and interesting This programme would be made effective format. from 1st December 2018 and the first Topic- GS Paper 1 –Art and Culture instalment for the period upto31st Source-PIB March 2019 would be paid. DIPP renamed as DPIIT The government has notified changing the name of the Department of Pradhan Mantri Shram-Yogi Maandhan Industrial Policy & Promotion (DIPP) to Under the scheme, an assured the Department for Promotion of monthly pension of Rs 3,000 per Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT). -
Ministry of Defence Demands for Grants (2018-19)
40 STANDING COMMITTEE ON DEFENCE (2017-18) (SIXTEENTH LOK SABHA) MINISTRY OF DEFENCE DEMANDS FOR GRANTS (2018-19) GENERAL DEFENCE BUDGET, BORDER ROADS ORGANISATION, INDIAN COAST GUARD, MILITARY ENGINEER SERVICES, DIRECTORATE GENERAL DEFENCE ESTATES, DEFENCE PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKINGS, WELFARE OF EX- SERVICEMEN, DEFENCE PENSIONS, EX-SERVICEMEN CONTRIBUTORY HEALTH SCHEME (DEMAND NOS. 19 & 22) FORTIETH REPORT LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI March, 2018 / Phalguna, 1939 (Saka) FORTIETH REPORT STANDING COMMITTEE ON DEFENCE (2017-18) (SIXTEENTH LOK SABHA) MINISTRY OF DEFENCE DEMANDS FOR GRANTS (2018-19) GENERAL DEFENCE BUDGET, BORDER ROADS ORGANISATION, INDIAN COAST GUARD, MILITARY ENGINEER SERVICES, DIRECTORATE GENERAL DEFENCE ESTATES, DEFENCE PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKINGS, WELFARE OF EX- SERVICEMEN, DEFENCE PENSIONS, EX-SERVICEMEN CONTRIBUTORY HEALTH SCHEME (DEMAND NOS. 19 & 22) Presented to Lok Sabha on 13.03. 2018 Laid in Rajya Sabha on 13 .03. 2018 LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI March, 2018 / Phalguna, 1939 (Saka) CONTENTS PAGE COMPOSITION OF THE COMMITTEE (2017-18)………………………………… INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………. REPORT PART I Chapter I General Defence Budget…………………………………...... Chapter II Border Roads Organisation………………………………............ Chapter III Indian Coast Guard ………………………………....................... Chapter IV Military Engineer Services………………………………............. Chapter V Directorate General Defence Estates....................................... Chapter VI Defence Public Sector Undertakings.......................................