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British Telecom 기업 프로필 2005

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British Telecom 기업 프로필 2005 British Telecom 기업 프로필 2005 2005년 11월 Mindbranch Asia Pacific BT 1. 기업 개요 BT는 유럽, 미주, 아시아 태평양 지역에서 커뮤니케이션 솔루션을 제공하고 있는 세계 최대 규모의 통신 사업자임. BT의 사업은 네트워크 기반의 IT 서비스, 로컬 및 국제 전화사업, 고 부가가치 광대역 통신망 등 매우 광범위 함. 영국에서 BT는 2천만의 기업 및 개인 고객들 에게 2,900만의 회선을 통해 서비스를 제공하고 있음 BT 는 1981 년 우체국에서 GPO(General Post Office)가 분리되면서 설립되었음. 국영기업이 었던 BT 는 1984년 공적 주식회사로 변경되었다가, 지금은 완전 상장 주식회사가 되었음 거의 독점적으로 유선통신 사업을 운영해오던 BT는 Mercury Communications가 설립되면서 처음으로 경쟁구도가 생겼고, 1991 년 영국 통신 시장이 완전 개방되면서 시장은 본격 경쟁 체제로 돌입하였음. 이러한 경쟁체제에서 살아남기 위해 BT는 2000년 무선 통신 사업 분야 인 mm02 와 directory 출판 부문인 Yell 을 계열 분리했음 BT의 세계시장 진출은 2002 년 초에 전략적 파트너로 AT&T 와 조인트 벤처 계약을 체결 하면서 부터였음. 그러나 글로벌 통신 사업이 경쟁심화로, BT 는 유럽과 아시아를 걸쳐 많 은 설비 및 마케팅 비용을 감당해야 했고, 3G 사업권 취득과 관련해서도 많은 자금을 투자 하며 부채를 대량 양산하게 되었으며, 결국 파트너 관계가 2002년 4월 부로 종료되고, Yell 과 BT Wireless 등을 매각하기에 이르렀음 그러나, BT 는 2002 년 4 월 경영진을 교체하면서 구조조정을 단행, BT Openworld 부문을 BT Retail 부문으로 통합, BT Ignite 를 BT Global Service 로 변경등 많은 변화를 시도한 끝에, 현재는 BT Retail, BT Wholesale, BT Global Service, BT Exact 등 네개의 사업부를 운영하고 있음 <표 1> BT의 주요 연혁 연도 주요 활동 · 법개정에 따라 Post Office 와 통신 부문은 분리되고, 통신부문은 1981 British Telecommunications 으로 사명 변경 · 정부에서 Mercury Communications에 경쟁 허용 1984 · 통신법 1984 에 의해 민영화 · Securicor 와 함께 Joint Venture 인 Cellnet 설립 후, Cellular 1985 Telephone 서비스 개시 · 정부는 GSM 900용 주파수를 Cellnet과 Racal Vodafone에 1991년 1987 까지 제공 1991 · 정부의 BT지분 21.8%까지 축소 · 정부 BT 남은 지분 매각. 단 거부권 혹은 승인을 할 수 있는 한 주 1993 의 특별주식 보유 · 미국의 MCI Communications 와 Concert Communications Joint 1994 Venture 설립 · 이탈리아 유선 사업자 Albacom 지분 매입 · 독일 유선 및 모바일 사업자 Viag InterKom 지분 매입 1995 · Tele Denmark, Telenor와 스웨덴 유선 사업 Telenordia 설립 · 1년 기한으로 Interactive TV 서비스 테스트 시행 · MCI 지분 매각, 1996 · Concert Communications사 BT의 완전 자회사로 편입 · 뉴질랜드 CLEAR Communications 의 25% 지분 인수 · 인도 이동통신 사업자 Bharti cellular과 스페인 이동 통신 사업자 Airtel 지분 인수 1997 · 스페인 파트너로부터 BT 의 지분 매입 · Cegetel 지분 26% 인수 · AT&T 와 함께 Concert Communication, AT&T Canada Japan 1998 Telecom 투자 · 말레이시아 사업자인 Binariang 과 한국의 LG 텔레콤 지분 매입 · Securicor 의 Cellnet 지분 인수 1999 · BT Cellnet 으로 사명 변경 2000 · 영국의 3G 라이센스 취득 · 3G 라이센스 비용에 따른 부채 부담으로 비핵심 자신 매각 – Airtel, Japan Telecom, J-Phone, AT&T Canada, Rogers Wireless, 2001 Portugal Telcom 등 · BT wireless, BT 에서 Spin-off 되어 mmO2 plc 로 사명 변경 · Concert 벤처 해체 2002 · AT&T Canada 지분 매각 · BT 의 Wireless LAN Hotspot 서비스인 Openzone 개시 · Cegetel 주식 Euro 2.6 billion 에 매각 · Honeywell와 통신 및 네트워크 5년 아웃소싱 계약 체결 · 회사 로고 SI 단행. 새 로고는 “Connected World”의 의미 2003 · BT Openzone, 공중전화를 통한 공공 Wi-Fi 서비스 개시 · ADSL 을 통한 온라인 콘솔게임 서비스 · LG Telecom 의 16.6% 지분을 교환사채로 발행 · Inmarsat Ventures plc 의 7.8% 지분을 Grapeclose에 매각 · BT Openworld 를 BT Business 로 변경하고, 제품명 및 정보 포탈 이름도 변경 2004 · IP전화 서비스 개시 · HP와 15억 달러 규모의 ICT 시장진출 협력계약 체결 · Infonet 인수 · Abacom 지분 74% 취득 2005 · Skynet 인수 · 세계 최초 유무선 통합폰 출시 · Wi-Fi, 3G, GPRS 통합한 BT Datazone 소개 [자료원: BT] 2. 조직 현황 1) 조직 개요 BT는 유선통신 사업을 중심으로, 인터넷, 브로드밴드 등 차세대 사업 비중을 늘려나가고 있 으며, 향후 차세대 사업비중의 확대와 유선통신 시장의 감소가 조직구조에 영향을 미치고 있음 <표 2> BT 조직 개요 (2005년 3월 기준) 항 목 현 황 직원 수 약 102,000 명 설립년도 1981 최고경영자 Ben Verwaayen 본 사 BT Centre, 81 Newgate Street, London, UK 가입자 수 약 2,750만 명 2005년 매출액 190억 3,100만 파운드 [자료원: BT] 2) 조직 구조 BT의 사업부문은 크게 영국의 기업과 개인 고객에게 서비스 제공하는 BT Retail, BT Retail 과 다른 영국의 등록된 회사에게 도매 네트워크 서비스를 제공하는 BT Wholesail, 다국적 기업 고객에게 서비스 제공하는 BT Global Service, BT의 엔지니어링과 기술 연구 개발을 전담하는 BT Exact 등 4개의 사업부로 나뉨. <그림 1> BT의 조직구조 [자료원: BT] 3) 경영진 BT의 경영을 총괄하고 있는 회장직은 Christopher Bland가 맡고 있으며, 실질적인 경영을 맡고 있는 BT 그룹의 CEO는 Ben Verwaayen임. Ben Verwaayen는 2002년 2월 CEO로 지 명되었으며, 루슨트 테크놀로지 부회장, 네덜란드 KPN의 자회사인 PTT 텔레콤 사장 등을 역임했음. Ben Verwaayen를 중심으로 CFO인 Hanif Lalani가 그룹의 재정을 총괄하고 있으며, 각 사업부문의 CEO로는 BT Retail의 Ian Livingston, BT Wholesale의 Paul Reynolds, BT Global Service의 Andy Green 등이 있음 4) 자회사 현황 BT는 전세계적으로 많은 자회사를 보유하고 있는 데, 그 현황은 다음과 같음 <표 3> BT의 전세계 자회사 현황 국 가 자회사 현황 독 일 · BT Global Services GmbH & Co OHG (55%) 벨기에 · BT Global Services Belgium(100%) · 벨기에 전역에 유선라인 구축 스페인 · Services Espana SAU(100%) · 유무선 사업권 · 유선 네트워크, IP 서비스 운영 스위스 · BT Global Services Switzerland(100%) 슬로바키아 · BT Global Services Slovakia(100%) · 수도인 Bratislava내 기업들에 IP 솔루션을 공급 이탈리아 · Abacom Holdings(74%) · 유선서비스 제공 아일랜드 · East Group Ltd.(100%) 헝가리 · BT Hungaria(100%) 홍 콩 · BT Hong Kong(100%) · ETS(External Telecommunications Service) 등록을 통해 광범위한 음성 통화 서비스 제공 가능 호 주 · BT Australasia(100%) [자료원: BT] 3. 재무 현황 BT는 3월 결산 법인이며, 4월부터 다음 해 3월까지를 한 회기로 재무 공시를 하고 있음 <표 4> BT의 2003년 이후 각종 재무수치 (단위: 백만 파운드) 년 도 2005 2004 2003 총 매출액 18,623 18,519 18,727 영업이익 2,764 2,836 2,950 당기순이익 1,820 1,406 2,714 Basic EPS 21.4 16.4 31.4 Diluted EPS 10.4 8.5 6.5 [자료원: BT] 최근 3년간 매출 실적이 거의 평행선을 그리고 있는 것을 볼 수 있음. 이것은 전통적인 사 업부문 매출이 지속적으로 감소하고, 이 부분을 신종 사업이 상쇄하고 있기 때문인 것으로 풀이됨. 일시적인 투자수익으로 당기순이익이 다른 해에 비해 높았던 2003년을 제외하고, 수익성이 낮은 유선전화 사업비중감소와 타 고부가가치 사업비중의 확대가 수익성을 증가시 켜 주고 있는 것을 볼 수 있음 BT의 전통적인 사업부문과 신규 사업부문의 비중 추이는 다음과 같음 <표 5> BT의 사업부문별 매출 현황 (단위: 백만 파운드) 년 도 2005(4~9월) 2004 2003 부문매출합계 6,781 14,073 15,132 부문비중 70.6% 75.6% 81.7% Exchange Lines 1,833 3,763 3,779 전통적 Private Circuits 1,513 3,489 4,314 사업부문 Transit 616 1,292 1,348 Wholesale 1,264 2,525 2,474 Other 1,555 3,004 3,217 부문매출합계 2,824 4,550 3,387 부문비중 29.4% 24.4% 18.3% 신규 IT Service 1,822 3,066 2,546 사업부문 Broadband 664 930 491 Mobility 126 205 99 Other 212 349 251 [자료원: BT] 전체 사업에서 전통적인 사업이 차지하는 비중이 시간이 갈수록 점차 감소하는 반면, 신규 사업부문이 큰 폭으로 증가하고 있음을 볼 수 있음. 이는, 유선전화 중심의 기존 산업이 쇠 퇴기를 맞으면서, 새로운 성장동력을 찾으려는 회사의 노력이 반영된 것으로 풀이됨 한편 고객별 매출액 현황은 다음과 같음 <표 6> BT 고객별 매출액 현황 (단위: 백만 파운드) 년 도 2005(4~9월) 2004 2003 개인고객 2,679 5,637 5,974 Major Corporate 3,296 6,069 5,881 Business 1,179 2,464 2,600 Wholesale/Global 2,441 4,428 4,030 Other 10 25 34 합 계 9,605 18,623 18,519 [자료원: BT] 개인고객의 매출 비중이 감소하고, 기업고객 매출이 증가하고 있음. 이는 신규 사업이 수익 성 높은 기업 대상 서비스에 초점이 맞춰지고 있기 때문임 한편, BT는 경쟁심화에 따른 과잉투자와, 3G사업권 취득 등에 많은 비용을 투입함으로써, 과도하게 증가한 부채가 큰 약점으로 지적돼 왔음. 이 때문에 BT는 비 핵심부문 매각 등 재 무구조 개선에 노력을 기울여 왔음. BT의 최근 5년간 순부채 추이는 다음과 같음 <그림 2> BT의 최근 5년간 순부채 추이 (단위: 백만 파운드) 30,000 27 ,942 25,000 20,000 1 3,701 15,000 9,573 8,425 10,000 7 ,786 5,000 0 2001 200220032004 2005 [자료원: BT] 2001년 Airtel, Japan Telecom, J-Phone, AT&T Canada, Rogers Wireless, Po rtugal Telcom 등 비핵심 계열사를 대량으로 매각하면서, 순부채 규모를 50% 이상 감소시킨 이래, 매년 지속적인 재무구조 개선 노력을 경주한 결과, 2005년 3월 현재 77억 파운드 선까지 부채액 을 감소시킴 4. 사업현황 및 경영전략 1) 사업 현황 BT는 영국 및 세계 곳곳에서 네트워크 기반의 IT 서비스, 로컬 및 국제전화 서비스 및 고부 가가치 광대역 통신망 및 인터넷 제품 및 서비스 등을 제공함 영국에서 개인 및 기업 고객들을 대상으로 통신사업을 하고 있는 BT는 시장점유율 기준으 로 가장 큰 사업자임. 영국에서만 2천만명 이상의 가입자들에게 음성, 데이터, 인터넷, 멀티 미디어를 포함한 광범위한 통신 제품 및 서비스와 종합적인 커뮤니케이션 솔루션을 제공함 BT의 사업은 크게 전통적 사업부문과 신규 사업부문으로 나뉨 전통적 사업부문 중 핵심 사업은 일반망, 아날로그/디지털망, 사설망을 통한 전화 서비스이 며, 신규 사업부문은 네트워크 기반의 IT 서비스, 브로드밴드, 모바일 산업에 초점을 맞추고 있음. 영국 시장에서 BT는 유선/모바일 사업자, ISP 등을 포함한 600개 이상의 통신 사업체 에 네트워크 서비스와 솔루션을 제공하고 있음. 또한 180개 이상의 기타 통신사업자들과의 긴밀한 공조체제를 구축하여, 원할한 통신이 이루어질 수 있도록 하고 있음 BT는 수익성이 높은 데이터, 브로드밴드, 인터넷 서비스 등의 비중을 점진적으로 늘리고 있 으며, 반대로 기존 유선전화 서비스 수익에 대한 의존도를 점차 감소시키고 있음 2005년 BT의 총 매출 중 91%가 영국내 사업에서 발생할 정도로, 국내 사업의 비중이 크지 만, BT는 해외사업도 활발하게 전개하고 있음 BT는 글로벌 통신 수요가 많은 10,000여개의 다국적 대기업들을 주요 사업 대상으로 삼고 있음. BT는 유럽, 북미, 아시아 퍼시픽 지역에서 광범위한 통신망과 지역 기업들과의 강한 유대관계를 통해 양질의 서비스를 제공하고 있음 또한, 미국, 아프리카, 아시아 퍼시픽, 벨기에, 프랑스, 독일, 아일랜드, 네덜란드, 스페인, 이 탈리아, 스칸디나비아, 스위스, 동유럽 등 많은 국가에 자회사를 거느리고 있음.
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