JRC Eurovoc Indexer JEX – a Freely Available Multi-Label Categorisation Tool
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REDEFINING EUROPE-AFRICA RELATIONS Contents
The European Union’s relations with the African continent are facing distinct challenges, with the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic making it all the more evident that the prevail- ing asymmetry is no longer REDEFINING acceptable as we move into the future. EUROPE-AFRICA This analysis takes a closer RELATIONS look at economic relations between the European Union Robert Kappel and Africa, which for some time now have been on a January 2021 downward trajectory, and addresses the impact of the global pandemic at the same time. Additionally, the paper outlines the current political cooperation between the two continents and evaluates the EU’s recent strategy pro- posal. Lastly, the key aspects of more comprehensive stra- tegic cooperation between Europe and Africa are iden tified. REDEFINING EUROPE-AFRICA RELATIONS Contents Summary 2 1 EU-AFRICAN ECONOMIC RELATIONS 3 2 EFFECTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON AFRICAN ECONOMIES 14 3 COOPERATION WITH AFRICA: FROM LOMÉ TO A COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY WITH AFRICA 18 4 FORGING A STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION 20 Résumé: Paving the Way for a New Africa-Europe Partnership 28 Literature 30 1 FRIEDRICH-EBERT-STIFTUNG – REDEFINING EUROPE-AFRICA RELATIONS Summary The European Union’s (EU) relations with the African conti- This paper begins by describing the EU’s current economic nent are facing a distinct set of challenges. Contrary to the relations with Africa (Chapter 1), which have been on a expectations of both African and European governments, downward trajectory for quite some time already. The ef- the pending negotiations between the partners are now fects of the Covid-19 pandemic are then outlined in Chap- being put to the test like never before. -
Information Guide Europe on the Internet
Information Guide Europe on the Internet A selection of useful websites, databases and documents for information on the European Union and the wider Europe Ian Thomson Director, Cardiff EDC Latest revision: August 2017 © Cardiff EDC Europe on the Internet Contents • Searching for European information • Legislative, judicial and policy-making information • Keeping up-to-date • Information on EU policies and countries • Grants and loans – Statistics • Contact information • Terminological, linguistic and translation information In addition to textual hyperlinks throughout this guide, many of the images are also hyperlinks to further information Europe on the Internet. © Ian Thomson, Cardiff EDC, August 2017 Europe on the Internet Searching for European Information Europe on the Internet. © Ian Thomson, Cardiff EDC, August 2017 Searching for European information The EU’s own search engine to find information from EU Institutions & Agencies published on EUROPA, the EU’s portal [EUROPA Search does not find information in EUR-Lex] The European Journalism Centre set up this Search Europa service, which uses the functionality of Google to search the EUROPA portal [Includes results from EUR-Lex] FIND-eR (Find Electronic Resources) will help you find EU publications, academic books, journal articles, etc. on topics of interest to the EU [Offers hyperlinks to full text of sources if freely available, or via use of a Link-Resolver] [Formerly known as ECLAS] EU Law and Publications: Use the Search Centre to search for EU documents [EU law – EUR-Lex] and EU publications [EU Bookshop] + EU websites and Summaries of EU Legislation EU Bookshop: from here you can buy printed copies or freely download electronic copies of EU publications. -
Opening up Europe's Public Data
The European Data Portal: Opening up Europe’s public data data.europa.eu/europeandataportal it available in the first place? What we do And in what domains, or A third of European across domains and across More and more volumes of countries are leading the countries? Also in what data are published every day, way with solid policies, language should the data be every hour, every minute, every licensing norms, good available? second. In every domain. portal traffic and many local Across every geography, small initiatives and events Value focuses on purpose, or big. The amount of data re-use and economic gains of across the world is increasing Open Data. Is there a societal exponentially. A substantial gain? Or perhaps a demo- amount of this data is cratic gain? How many new collected by governments. Public Sector Information jobs are created? What is the is information held by the critical mass? Value is there. The European Data Portal public sector. The EU Directive The question is how big? harvests the metadata on the re-use of Public (data about the data) of Sector Information provides Public Sector Information a common legal framework The Portal available on public data and for a European market for geospatial portals across government-held data. It is The first official version of European countries. Portals built around the key pillars of the European Data Portal is can be national, regional, the internal market: free flow available since February 2016. local or domain specific. of data, transparency and fair Within the Portal, sections are They cover the EU Member competition. -
The European Economic Area (Eea), Switzerland and the North
THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA (EEA), SWITZERLAND AND THE NORTH The European Economic Area (EEA) was set up in 1994 to extend the EU’s provisions on its internal market to the European Free Trade Area (EFTA) countries. Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein are parties to the EEA. Switzerland is a member of EFTA but does not take part in the EEA. The EU and EEA EFTA partners (Norway and Iceland) are also linked by various ‘northern policies’ and forums which focus on the rapidly evolving northern reaches of Europe and the Arctic region as a whole. LEGAL BASIS For the EEA: Article 217 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (Association Agreements). For Switzerland: Insurance Agreement of 1989, Bilateral Agreements I of 1999, Bilateral Agreements II of 2004. THE EEA A. Objectives The purpose of the European Economic Area (EEA) is to extend the EU’s internal market to countries in the European Free Trade Area (EFTA). The current EFTA countries do not wish to join the EU. EU legislation relating to the internal market becomes part of the legislation of the EEA EFTA countries once they have agreed to incorporate it. The administration and management of the EEA is shared between the EU and the EEA EFTA countries in a two-pillar structure. Decisions are taken by joint EEA bodies (the EEA Council, the EEA Joint Committee, the EEA Joint Parliamentary Committee and the EEA Consultative Committee). B. Background In 1992, the then seven members of EFTA negotiated an agreement to allow them to participate in the ambitious project of the European Community’s internal market, launched in 1985 and completed at the end of 1992. -
The Historical Development of European Integration
FACT SHEETS ON THE EUROPEAN UNION The historical development of European integration PE 618.969 1. The First Treaties.....................................................................................................3 2. Developments up to the Single European Act.........................................................6 3. The Maastricht and Amsterdam Treaties...............................................................10 4. The Treaty of Nice and the Convention on the Future of Europe..........................14 5. The Treaty of Lisbon..............................................................................................18 EN - 18/06/2018 ABOUT THE PUBLICATION This leaflet contains a compilation of Fact Sheets provided by Parliament’s Policy Departments and Economic Governance Support Unit on the relevant policy area. The Fact Sheets are updated regularly and published on the website of the European Parliament: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets ABOUT THE PUBLISHER Author of the publication: European Parliament Department responsible: Unit for Coordination of Editorial and Communication Activities E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript completed in June, 2018 © European Union, 2018 DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice -
The Power of Euromyths Shows That There Needs to Be a More Substantial Effort to Change the Debate on the EU
blo gs.lse.ac.uk http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2013/02/19/euromyths-media-debate/ The power of Euromyths shows that there needs to be a more substantial effort to change the debate on the EU. Blog Admin From bans on oddly shaped bananas, to children blowing up balloons, so-called ‘Euromyths’ have become a pervasive part of the UK media’s reporting of EU policies. Simon Usherwood takes an in-depth look at the place of Euromyths in the public debate on the EU, finding that they are much harder to stop than to start. While it is important to debunk these myths, what is really needed is a substantive effort to generate a more mature and thoughtful debate on European integration. For many members of the public, much of their knowledge of the European Union comes f rom the ‘…and f inally’ stories that pop up in the media. This is the territory of ‘children not being allowed to blow up balloons’, ‘bans on claims that water can prevent dehydration’ and the ‘end of the prawn cocktail crisp’. Such tales provide much amusement to those who see them, conf irming suspicions about ‘Europe’ and its lack of f ocus on the important things in lif e. A wry smile – or a loud tut – and on we go, to the next story. Euromyths hold a particular place in the UK’s public debate on the EU. On the one hand, they are derided by public of f icials as silly distractions, but on the other, they consume much time and ef f ort. -
JRC Eurovoc Indexer
Published on EU Science Hub (https://ec.europa.eu/jrc) Home > Language Technology Resources > JRC Eurovoc Indexer JRC Eurovoc Indexer - JEX Introduction The EuroVoc Thesaurus JEX usage conditions Download JEX More information on JEX Acknowledgements Introduction Multilingual Eurovoc thesaurus descriptors are used by a large number of European Parliaments and Documentation Centres to manually index their large document collections. The assigned descriptors are then used to search and retrieve documents in the collection and to summarise the document contents for the users. view details As Eurovoc descriptors exist in one-to-one translations in almost thirty languages, they can be displayed in a language other than the text language and give users cross-lingual access to the information contained in each document. At the same time, EuroVoc is an ideal means to search in the user's language and to retrieve documents in other languages. The European Commission's (EC) Joint Research Centre (JRC) has developed - and makes available - software that automatically assigns EuroVoc descriptors to documents in currently 22 languages. The system uses statistical Machine Learning methods that learn the multi-label categorisation rules from previously manually indexed documents. The method used can be described as profile- based category ranking. This software, called JRC EuroVoc Indexer, or short JEX, has been trained for 22 languages and is available for download from this site. The software allows users to re-train the software on their own data, even using their own, alternative classification systems. The EuroVoc Thesaurus The EuroVoc thesaurus was developed by the European Parliament (EP), in collaboration with the EU Publications Office (OP) and several national organisations for the indexing (cataloguing / classification / categorisation) of document collections in several languages. -
The European Union: Questions and Answers
The European Union: Questions and Answers Updated October 27, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21372 SUMMARY RS21372 The European Union: Questions and Answers October 27, 2020 The European Union (EU) is a political and economic partnership that represents a unique form of cooperation among sovereign countries. The EU is the latest stage in a process of integration Kristin Archick begun after World War II, initially by six Western European countries, to foster interdependence Specialist in European and make another war in Europe unthinkable. The EU currently consists of 27 member states, Affairs including most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and has helped to promote peace, stability, and economic prosperity throughout the European continent. How the EU Works The EU has been built through a series of binding treaties. Over the years, EU member states have sought to harmonize laws and adopt common policies on an increasing number of economic, social, and political issues. EU member states share a customs union; a single market in which capital, goods, services, and people move freely; a common trade policy; and a common agricultural policy. Nineteen EU member states use a common currency (the euro), and 22 member states participate in the Schengen area of free movement in which internal border controls have been eliminated. In addition, the EU has been developing a Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), which includes a Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP), and pursuing cooperation in the area of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) to forge common internal security measures. Member states work together through several EU institutions to set policy and to promote their collective interests. -
Europe-Africa Fixed Link Through the Strait of Gibraltar
ECOSOC Resolution 2007/16 Europe-Africa fixed link through the Strait of Gibraltar The Economic and Social Council, Recalling its resolutions 1982/57 of 30 July 1982, 1983/62 of 29 July 1983, 1984/75 of 27 July 1984, 1985/70 of 26 July 1985, 1987/69 of 8 July 1987, 1989/119 of 28 July 1989, 1991/74 of 26 July 1991, 1993/60 of 30 July 1993, 1995/48 of 27 July 1995, 1997/48 of 22 July 1997, 1999/37 of 28 July 1999, 2001/29 of 26 July 2001, 2003/52 of 24 July 2003 and 2005/34 of 26 July 2005, Referring to resolution 912 (1989), adopted on 1 February 1989 by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe,1 regarding measures to encourage the construction of a major traffic artery in south-western Europe and to study thoroughly the possibility of a fixed link through the Strait of Gibraltar, Referring also to the Declaration and work programme adopted at the Euro -Mediterranean Ministerial Conference, held in Barcelona, Spain, in November 1995 and aimed at connecting the Mediterranean transport networks to the trans-European network so as to ensure their interoperability, Referring fu rther to the plan of action adopted at the Summit marking the tenth anniversary of the Euro -Mediterranean Partnership, held in Barcelona in November 2005, which encouraged the adoption, at the first Euro -Mediterranean Ministerial Conference on Transport, held in Marrakech, Morocco, on 15 December 2005, of recommendations for furthering cooperation in the field of transport, Referring to the Lisbon Declaration adopted at the Conference on Transport in the -
Asia-Europe Connectivity Vision 2025
Asia–Europe Connectivity Vision 2025 Challenges and Opportunities The Asia–Europe Meeting (ASEM) enters into its third decade with commitments for a renewed and deepened engagement between Asia and Europe. After 20 years, and with tremendous global and regional changes behind it, there is a consensus that ASEM must bring out a new road map of Asia–Europe connectivity and cooperation. It is commonly understood that improved connectivity and increased cooperation between Europe and Asia require plans that are both sustainable and that can be upscaled. Asia–Europe Connectivity Vision 2025: Challenges and Opportunities, a joint work of ERIA and the Government of Mongolia for the 11th ASEM Summit 2016 in Ulaanbaatar, provides the ideas for an ASEM connectivity road map for the next decade which can give ASEM a unity of purpose comparable to, if not more advanced than, the integration and cooperation efforts in other regional groups. ASEM has the platform to create a connectivity blueprint for Asia and Europe. This ASEM Connectivity Vision Document provides the template for this blueprint. About ERIA The Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) was established at the Third East Asia Summit (EAS) in Singapore on 21 November 2007. It is an international organisation providing research and policy support to the East Asia region, and the ASEAN and EAS summit process. The 16 member countries of EAS—Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Viet Nam, Australia, China, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, and New Zealand—are members of ERIA. Anita Prakash is the Director General of Policy Department at ERIA. -
Otterbein Towers June 1954
PRIKCIPAIS E 0»E HllSDRED SEVENTH COMMENCEMENT Otterbein Towers 6)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^ CONTENTS The Cover Page .............................................................. 2 The Editor’s Corner ..................................................... 2 From the Mail Bag ....................................................... 3 Important Meeting of College Trustees ...................... 3 Alumni President’s Greetings ....................................... 4 Alumni Club Meetings................................................... 4 New Alumni Officers ................................................... 4 College Librarian Retires ............................................. 5 Otterbein Confers Five Honorary Degrees.................... 5 Honorary Alumnus Awards ........................................... 6 Dr. Mabel Gardner Honored ....................................... 6 Spessard Dies .................................................................. 6 "Her stately tower Development Fund Report for Five Months....... ........ 7 speaks naught hut power Changes in Alumni Office ............................................. 7 For our dear Otterbein" % A Good Year in Sports ............. S AFROTC Wins High Rating ....................................... 8 Otterbein Towers Class Reunion Pictures ......................................... 9, 10, 11 Editor Before—After............................................................... -
Natural Language Processing Pipeline to Annotate Bulgarian Legislative Data
Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2020), pages 6988–6994 Marseille, 11–16 May 2020 c European Language Resources Association (ELRA), licensed under CC-BY-NC Natural Language Processing Pipeline to Annotate Bulgarian Legislative Data Svetla Koeva, Nikola Obreshkov, Martin Yalamov Institute for Bulgarian Language "Prof. Lyubomir Andreychin" Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 52 Shipchenski prohod Blvd., Bldg. 17, Sofia 1113 {svetla, nikola, martin}@dcl.bas.bg Abstract The paper presents the Bulgarian MARCELL corpus, part of a recently developed multilingual corpus representing the national legislation in seven European countries and the NLP pipeline that turns the web crawled data into structured, linguistically annotated dataset. The Bulgarian data is web crawled, extracted from the original HTML format, filtered by document type, tokenised, sentence split, tagged and lemmatised with a fine-grained version of the Bulgarian Language Processing Chain, dependency parsed with NLP- Cube, annotated with named entities (persons, locations, organisations and others), noun phrases, IATE terms and EuroVoc descriptors. An orchestrator process has been developed to control the NLP pipeline performing an end-to-end data processing and annotation starting from the documents identification and ending in the generation of statistical reports. The Bulgarian MARCELL corpus consists of 25,283 documents (at the beginning of November 2019), which are classified into eleven types. Keywords: NLP pipeline, legislative corpus, Bulgarian language ● Domain-specific adaptation: the NLP pipeline 1. Introduction modules are tuned to annotate legal domain The paper presents the Bulgarian MARCELL corpus, part documents. of a recently developed multilingual corpus representing ● Multiword coverage: Multiwords are handled at the national legislation in seven European countries and the levels of annotation.