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REDEFINING EUROPE-AFRICA RELATIONS Contents
The European Union’s relations with the African continent are facing distinct challenges, with the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic making it all the more evident that the prevail- ing asymmetry is no longer REDEFINING acceptable as we move into the future. EUROPE-AFRICA This analysis takes a closer RELATIONS look at economic relations between the European Union Robert Kappel and Africa, which for some time now have been on a January 2021 downward trajectory, and addresses the impact of the global pandemic at the same time. Additionally, the paper outlines the current political cooperation between the two continents and evaluates the EU’s recent strategy pro- posal. Lastly, the key aspects of more comprehensive stra- tegic cooperation between Europe and Africa are iden tified. REDEFINING EUROPE-AFRICA RELATIONS Contents Summary 2 1 EU-AFRICAN ECONOMIC RELATIONS 3 2 EFFECTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON AFRICAN ECONOMIES 14 3 COOPERATION WITH AFRICA: FROM LOMÉ TO A COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY WITH AFRICA 18 4 FORGING A STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION 20 Résumé: Paving the Way for a New Africa-Europe Partnership 28 Literature 30 1 FRIEDRICH-EBERT-STIFTUNG – REDEFINING EUROPE-AFRICA RELATIONS Summary The European Union’s (EU) relations with the African conti- This paper begins by describing the EU’s current economic nent are facing a distinct set of challenges. Contrary to the relations with Africa (Chapter 1), which have been on a expectations of both African and European governments, downward trajectory for quite some time already. The ef- the pending negotiations between the partners are now fects of the Covid-19 pandemic are then outlined in Chap- being put to the test like never before. -
Opening up Europe's Public Data
The European Data Portal: Opening up Europe’s public data data.europa.eu/europeandataportal it available in the first place? What we do And in what domains, or A third of European across domains and across More and more volumes of countries are leading the countries? Also in what data are published every day, way with solid policies, language should the data be every hour, every minute, every licensing norms, good available? second. In every domain. portal traffic and many local Across every geography, small initiatives and events Value focuses on purpose, or big. The amount of data re-use and economic gains of across the world is increasing Open Data. Is there a societal exponentially. A substantial gain? Or perhaps a demo- amount of this data is cratic gain? How many new collected by governments. Public Sector Information jobs are created? What is the is information held by the critical mass? Value is there. The European Data Portal public sector. The EU Directive The question is how big? harvests the metadata on the re-use of Public (data about the data) of Sector Information provides Public Sector Information a common legal framework The Portal available on public data and for a European market for geospatial portals across government-held data. It is The first official version of European countries. Portals built around the key pillars of the European Data Portal is can be national, regional, the internal market: free flow available since February 2016. local or domain specific. of data, transparency and fair Within the Portal, sections are They cover the EU Member competition. -
Europe-Africa Fixed Link Through the Strait of Gibraltar
ECOSOC Resolution 2007/16 Europe-Africa fixed link through the Strait of Gibraltar The Economic and Social Council, Recalling its resolutions 1982/57 of 30 July 1982, 1983/62 of 29 July 1983, 1984/75 of 27 July 1984, 1985/70 of 26 July 1985, 1987/69 of 8 July 1987, 1989/119 of 28 July 1989, 1991/74 of 26 July 1991, 1993/60 of 30 July 1993, 1995/48 of 27 July 1995, 1997/48 of 22 July 1997, 1999/37 of 28 July 1999, 2001/29 of 26 July 2001, 2003/52 of 24 July 2003 and 2005/34 of 26 July 2005, Referring to resolution 912 (1989), adopted on 1 February 1989 by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe,1 regarding measures to encourage the construction of a major traffic artery in south-western Europe and to study thoroughly the possibility of a fixed link through the Strait of Gibraltar, Referring also to the Declaration and work programme adopted at the Euro -Mediterranean Ministerial Conference, held in Barcelona, Spain, in November 1995 and aimed at connecting the Mediterranean transport networks to the trans-European network so as to ensure their interoperability, Referring fu rther to the plan of action adopted at the Summit marking the tenth anniversary of the Euro -Mediterranean Partnership, held in Barcelona in November 2005, which encouraged the adoption, at the first Euro -Mediterranean Ministerial Conference on Transport, held in Marrakech, Morocco, on 15 December 2005, of recommendations for furthering cooperation in the field of transport, Referring to the Lisbon Declaration adopted at the Conference on Transport in the -
EU Sports Policy: Assessment and Possible Ways Forward
STUDY Requested by the CULT committee EU sports policy: assessment and possible ways forward Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies Directorate-General for Internal Policies EN PE 652.251 - June 2021 3 RESEARCH FOR CULT COMMITTEE EU sports policy: assessment and possible ways forward Since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, the EU has been entitled to support, coordinate or complement Member States’ activities in sport. European sports policies of the past decade are characterised by numerous activities and by on-going differentiation. Against this backdrop, the study presents policy options in four key areas: the first covers the need for stronger coordination; the second aims at the setting of thematic priorities; the third addresses the reinforcement of the role of the EP in sport and the fourth stipulates enhanced monitoring. This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Culture and Education. AUTHORS Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln: Jürgen MITTAG / Vincent BOCK / Caroline TISSON Willibald-Gebhardt-Institut e.V.: Roland NAUL / Sebastian BRÜCKNER / Christina UHLENBROCK EUPEA: Richard BAILEY / Claude SCHEUER ENGSO Youth: Iva GLIBO / Bence GARAMVOLGYI / Ivana PRANJIC Research administrator: Katarzyna Anna ISKRA Project, publication and communication assistance: Anna DEMBEK, Kinga OSTAŃSKA Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN ABOUT THE PUBLISHER To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to updates on our work for -
Asia-Europe Connectivity Vision 2025
Asia–Europe Connectivity Vision 2025 Challenges and Opportunities The Asia–Europe Meeting (ASEM) enters into its third decade with commitments for a renewed and deepened engagement between Asia and Europe. After 20 years, and with tremendous global and regional changes behind it, there is a consensus that ASEM must bring out a new road map of Asia–Europe connectivity and cooperation. It is commonly understood that improved connectivity and increased cooperation between Europe and Asia require plans that are both sustainable and that can be upscaled. Asia–Europe Connectivity Vision 2025: Challenges and Opportunities, a joint work of ERIA and the Government of Mongolia for the 11th ASEM Summit 2016 in Ulaanbaatar, provides the ideas for an ASEM connectivity road map for the next decade which can give ASEM a unity of purpose comparable to, if not more advanced than, the integration and cooperation efforts in other regional groups. ASEM has the platform to create a connectivity blueprint for Asia and Europe. This ASEM Connectivity Vision Document provides the template for this blueprint. About ERIA The Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) was established at the Third East Asia Summit (EAS) in Singapore on 21 November 2007. It is an international organisation providing research and policy support to the East Asia region, and the ASEAN and EAS summit process. The 16 member countries of EAS—Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Viet Nam, Australia, China, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, and New Zealand—are members of ERIA. Anita Prakash is the Director General of Policy Department at ERIA. -
Connecting Europe & Asia the Eu Strategy
CONNECTING EUROPE & ASIA THE EU STRATEGY SUSTAINABLE, COMPREHENSIVE AND RULES-BASED CONNECTIVITY WILL CONTRIBUTE TO THE ENHANCED PROSPERITY, SAFETY AND RESILIENCE OF PEOPLE AND SOCIETIES IN EUROPE AND ASIA WHAT IS CONNECTIVITY? TRANSPORT ENERGY DIGITAL HUMAN DIMENSION Diversified trade and travel More interconnected Increased access to digital Advanced cooperation routes linking existing and regional energy platforms, services while maintaining in education, research, future transport networks, modern energy systems and a high level of protection innovation, culture and shorter transit times environmentally friendly of consumer and personal tourism. and simplified customs solutions. data. procedures. WHY DO WE NEED BETTER CONNECTIVITY FOR EUROPE & ASIA? €1.6 TRILLION IN ANNUAL TRADE WE HAVE A JOINT RESPONSIBILITY TO BETWEEN EUROPE AND ASIA PROTECT OUR ENVIRONMENT CROSS-BORDER RULES AND EUROPE AND ASIA ACCOUNT FOR OVER REGULATIONS MEAN FAIR 60% OF THE WORLD’S GDP COMPETITION FOR BUSINESSES SINCE 2014, OVER 32,000 STUDENTS FISCAL AND FINANCIAL STABILITY AND ACADEMIC STAFF HAVE TRAVELLED REQUIRES LONG-TERM PLANNING BETWEEN OUR TWO REGIONS HOW WILL THE EU ENHANCE CONNECTIVITY? CONTRIBUTING TO EFFICIENT CROSS-BORDER CONNECTIONS AND TRANSPORT, ENERGY, 1 DIGITAL AND HUMAN NETWORKS STRENGTHENING BILATERAL, REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS BASED ON 2 COMMONLY AGREED RULES AND STANDARDS 3 LEVERAGING SUSTAINABLE FINANCING FOR INVESTMENTS The EU has a strong track record of financing connectivity internally and externally through combining innovative financing initiatives and creating opportunities for private sector participation. INSIDE THE EU OUTSIDE THE EU European Structural and Investment Investment Facility for Central Asia, Funds (ESIF), and The European Fund for Asian Investment Facility and the Strategic Investments (EFSI) support European Fund for Sustainable integrated investment programmes. -
European Commission - White Paper on Sport Luxembourg: Offi Ce for Offi Cial Publications of the European Communities 2007 —208 P
since 1957 NC-30-07-101-EN-C WHITE PAPER ON SPORT ON WHITE PAPER EUROPEAN COMMISSION WHITE PAPER ON SPORT European Commission Directorate-General for education and culture B-1049 Bruxelles / Brussel 32 - (0)2 299 11 11 32 - (0)2 295 57 19 [email protected] EEAC.D3_whitepp_sport_Cover_435x21AC.D3_whitepp_sport_Cover_435x21 1 221/02/20081/02/2008 113:15:343:15:34 European Commission - White paper on sport Luxembourg: Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European Communities 2007 —208 p. — 21.0 x 29.7 cm ISBN 978-92-79-06943-7 Europe Direct is a service to help you fi nd answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu). SALES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Publications for sale produced by the Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European Luxembourg: Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European Communities, 2007 Communities are available from our sales agents throughout the world. ISBN 978-92-79-06943-7 You can fi nd the list of sales agents on the Publications Offi ce website (http://publications.europa.eu) or you can apply for it by fax (352) 29 29-42758. © European Communities, 2007 Contact the sales agent of your choice and place your order. -
Chapter 5. Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata)
5. COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA) – 211 Chapter 5. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) This chapter deals with the biology of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). It contains information for use during the risk/safety regulatory assessment of genetically engineered varieties intended to be grown in the environment (biosafety). It includes elements of taxonomy, centres of origin and distribution, crop production and cultivation practices, morphological characters, reproductive biology, genetics and genome mapping, species/subspecies hybridisation and introgression, interactions with other organisms, human health considerations, common pests and pathogens, and biotechnological developments. This chapter was prepared by the OECD Working Group on the Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology, with Australia as the lead country. It was initially issued in December 2015. Updates have been made to the production data from FAOSTAT. SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF TRANSGENIC ORGANISMS IN THE ENVIRONMENT: OECD CONSENSUS DOCUMENTS, VOLUME 6 © OECD 2016 212 – 5. COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA) Introduction Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is grown in tropical Africa, Asia, North and South America mostly as a grain, but also as a vegetable and fodder crop. It is favoured because of its wide adaptation and tolerance to several stresses. It is an important food source and is estimated to be the major protein source for more than 200 million people in sub-Saharan Africa and is in the top ten fresh vegetables in the People’s Republic of China (hereafter “China”). In the English-speaking parts of Africa it is known as cowpea whereas in the Francophone regions of Africa, the name “niébé” is most often used. Local names for cowpea also include “seub” and “niao” in Senegal, “wake” or “bean” in Nigeria, and “luba hilu” in the Sudan. -
The Columbian Exchange: a History of Disease, Food, and Ideas
Journal of Economic Perspectives—Volume 24, Number 2—Spring 2010—Pages 163–188 The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas Nathan Nunn and Nancy Qian hhee CColumbianolumbian ExchangeExchange refersrefers toto thethe exchangeexchange ofof diseases,diseases, ideas,ideas, foodfood ccrops,rops, aandnd populationspopulations betweenbetween thethe NewNew WorldWorld andand thethe OldOld WWorldorld T ffollowingollowing thethe voyagevoyage ttoo tthehe AAmericasmericas bbyy ChristoChristo ppherher CColumbusolumbus inin 1492.1492. TThehe OldOld WWorld—byorld—by wwhichhich wwee mmeanean nnotot jjustust EEurope,urope, bbutut tthehe eentirentire EEasternastern HHemisphere—gainedemisphere—gained fromfrom tthehe CColumbianolumbian EExchangexchange iinn a nnumberumber ooff wways.ays. DDiscov-iscov- eeriesries ooff nnewew ssuppliesupplies ofof metalsmetals areare perhapsperhaps thethe bestbest kknown.nown. BButut thethe OldOld WWorldorld aalsolso ggainedained newnew staplestaple ccrops,rops, ssuchuch asas potatoes,potatoes, sweetsweet potatoes,potatoes, maize,maize, andand cassava.cassava. LessLess ccalorie-intensivealorie-intensive ffoods,oods, suchsuch asas tomatoes,tomatoes, chilichili peppers,peppers, cacao,cacao, peanuts,peanuts, andand pineap-pineap- pplesles wwereere aalsolso iintroduced,ntroduced, andand areare nownow culinaryculinary centerpiecescenterpieces inin manymany OldOld WorldWorld ccountries,ountries, namelynamely IItaly,taly, GGreece,reece, andand otherother MediterraneanMediterranean countriescountries (tomatoes),(tomatoes), -
Report on the First EU Work Plan for Sport
EUR-Lex - 52014DC0022 - EN - EUR-Lex http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52014D... Document 52014DC0022 Download notice About this document Text Procedure Linked documents All Collapse all | Expand all Title and reference REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS on the implementation of the European Union Work Plan for Sport 2011-2014 /* COM/2014/022 final */ DatesDatesDates Date of document: 24/01/2014 Date of dispatch: 24/01/2014; Forwarded to the Parliament Date of dispatch: 24/01/2014; Forwarded to the Council End of validity date: 31/12/9999 Classifications EUROVOC descriptor: social integration professional sport performance drugs intergovernmental cooperation (EU) sports body health care education sports facilities Subject matter: sport Directory code: 05.20.00.00 Freedom of movement for workers and social policy / Social policy Miscellaneous information Author: European Commission Form: Report Procedure Procedure number: Internal procedure Relationship between documents Treaty: Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (consolidated version 2008) Legal basis: 12012E165 Select all documents based on this document Select all documents mentioning this document TextTextText 52014DC0022 REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS on the implementation of the European Union Work Plan for Sport 2011-2014 /* COM/2014/022 final */ REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS on the implementation of the European Union Work Plan for Sport 2011-2014 1. -
Appendix C – an Historical Background of Falconry (With Assistance from Kim Mauch, California Hawking Club)
Appendix C – An Historical Background of Falconry (with assistance from Kim Mauch, California Hawking Club) THE ORIGINS OF FALCONRY Although its exact origins remain unknown, it is believed that falconry began in Mongolia, where it was commonly practiced over 3,000 years ago. It achieved a high level of refinement on the military campaigns of the Great Khans who practiced falconry for food and for sport between battles. By the time of Marco Polo there were over 60 officials managing over 5,000 trappers and more than 10,000 falconers and falconry workers. Falconry was later combined with legal and military affairs, diplomacy and land colonization and spread into new lands as a result. FALCONRY IN ASIA Falconry spread throughout Asia, reaching China by 700 B.C. and Korea by 220 B.C. It remained common in China until the early 1900‟s when the imperial family was overthrown. In 1989 the Chinese Wildlife Conservation Act was enacted, which prohibited hunting and trapping and was designed to protect rare species such as the panda and tiger. Falconry was then prohibited because the Act did not take into account falconry heritage and traditions of smaller isolated ethnic groups that still practiced falconry at the time. Japan‟s isolation by the sea meant that the natural advance of falconry did not arrive until 355 A.D. when hawks were imported from Korea. Imperial falconers existed under the Imperial Household Ministry until the Second World War, after which time falconry became open to the public by a system of apprenticeships to retired imperial falconers who opened up “Schools of Falconry”. -
Arctic Report Card 2018 Effects of Persistent Arctic Warming Continue to Mount
Arctic Report Card 2018 Effects of persistent Arctic warming continue to mount 2018 Headlines 2018 Headlines Video Executive Summary Effects of persistent Arctic warming continue Contacts to mount Vital Signs Surface Air Temperature Continued warming of the Arctic atmosphere Terrestrial Snow Cover and ocean are driving broad change in the Greenland Ice Sheet environmental system in predicted and, also, Sea Ice unexpected ways. New emerging threats Sea Surface Temperature are taking form and highlighting the level of Arctic Ocean Primary uncertainty in the breadth of environmental Productivity change that is to come. Tundra Greenness Other Indicators River Discharge Highlights Lake Ice • Surface air temperatures in the Arctic continued to warm at twice the rate relative to the rest of the globe. Arc- Migratory Tundra Caribou tic air temperatures for the past five years (2014-18) have exceeded all previous records since 1900. and Wild Reindeer • In the terrestrial system, atmospheric warming continued to drive broad, long-term trends in declining Frostbites terrestrial snow cover, melting of theGreenland Ice Sheet and lake ice, increasing summertime Arcticriver discharge, and the expansion and greening of Arctic tundravegetation . Clarity and Clouds • Despite increase of vegetation available for grazing, herd populations of caribou and wild reindeer across the Harmful Algal Blooms in the Arctic tundra have declined by nearly 50% over the last two decades. Arctic • In 2018 Arcticsea ice remained younger, thinner, and covered less area than in the past. The 12 lowest extents in Microplastics in the Marine the satellite record have occurred in the last 12 years. Realms of the Arctic • Pan-Arctic observations suggest a long-term decline in coastal landfast sea ice since measurements began in the Landfast Sea Ice in a 1970s, affecting this important platform for hunting, traveling, and coastal protection for local communities.