SNAKES Harmful & Harmless

SNAKES Harmful & Harmless 9 Birch Place, Stoneville, Western Australia 6081

Ph (08) 9295 3007, Email [email protected]

______ABN - 12 676 823 869 ______

Checklist of Australian snakes – current at August 2021

Total number of venomous snakes in Oz – 145 , comprising 6 rear-fanged, 105 front- fanged land snakes and 34 front-fanged sea snakes. These are in red.

Total number of venomous snakes in WA – 88 , comprising 5 rear-fanged, 58 front- fanged land snakes and 25 front-fanged sea snakes.

Total number of snakes in WA –128 , includes the above 88 , plus 28 blind snakes, 1 file snake, 2 solid-toothed colubrids and 9 pythons.

Total number of snakes in Oz –214 , includes the above 145 , plus 46 blind snakes, 2 file snake, 5 solid-toothed colubrids and 15 pythons - currently only 15 pythons listed below, but Liasis barroni is genetically distinct from olivaceus , so will eventually be elevated.

SERPENTES

TYPHLOPIDAE ( 46 species, WA - 28 )

Anilios Gray, 1845 A. affinis (Boulenger, 1889) A. ammodytes (Montague, 1914) A. aspina Couper et al, 1998) A. australis Gray, 1845 A. bicolor (Peters, 1857) A. bituberculatus (Peters, 1863) A. broomi (Boulenger, 1898) A. centralis (Storr, 1984) A. chamodracaena (Ingram & Covacevich, 1993) A. diversus (Waite, 1894) A. endoterus (Waite, 1918) A. fosser Shea, 2015 A. ganei (Aplin, 1998) A. grypus (Waite, 1918) A. guentheri (Peters, 1865) A. hamatus (Storr, 1981) A. howi (Storr, 1983) A. insperatus Venchi, Wilson & Borsboom, 2015 A. kimberleyensis (Storr, 1981) A. leptosoma (Robb, 1972) A. leucoproctus (Boulenger, 1889) A. ligatus (Peters, 1879) A. longissimus (Aplin, 1998) A. margaretae (Storr, 1981) A. micromma (Storr, 1981)

A. minimus (Kinghorn, 1929) A. nema (Shea & Horner, 1996) A. nigrescens Gray, 1845 A. obtusifrons Ellis et al, 2017 A. pilbarensis (Aplin & Donnellan, 1993) A. pinguis (Waite, 1897) A. proximus (Waite, 1893) A. robertsi (Couper, et al. 1998) A. silvia (Ingram & Covacevich, 1993) A. systenos Ellis et al, 2017 A. splendidus (Aplin, 1998) A. torresianus (Boulenger, 1889) A. tovelli (Loveridge, 1945) A. troglodytes (Storr, 1981) A. unguirostris (Peters, 1867) A. waitii (Boulenger, 1895) A. wiedii (Peters, 1867) A. yampiensis (Storr, 1981) A. yirrikalae (Kinghorn, 1942) A. zonula Ellis, 2016

Indotyphlops Hedges et al, 2014 I. braminus (Daudin, 1803)

BOIDAE ( 15 species, WA - 9 )

Antaresia Wells & Wellington, 1985 A. childreni (Gray, 1842) A. maculosa (Peters, 1873) A. perthensis (Stull, 1932)

Aspidites Peters, 1876 A. melanocephalus (Krefft, 1864) A. ramsayi (Macleay, 1882)

Leiopython Hubrecht, 1979 L. albertisii (Peters & Doria, 1878)

Liasis Gray, 1842 L. mackloti (Duméril & Bibron, 1844) L. m. fuscus (Peters, 1873) L. olivaceus (Gray, 1842) L. o. barroni (Smith, 1981) L. o. olivaceus

Morelia Gray, 1842 M. bredli (Gow, 1981)

M. carinata (Smith, 1981) M. imbricata (Smith, 1981) M. kinghorni (Stull, 1933) M. oenpelliensis (Gow, 1977) M. spilota (Lacépède, 1804) M. s. cheynei (Wells & Wellington, 1984) M. s. mcdowelli (Wells & Wellington, 1984) M. s. metcalfei (Wells & Wellington, 1984) M. s. spilota M. s. variegata (Gray, 1842) M. viridis (Schlegel, 1872)

ACROCHORDIDAE ( 2 species, WA - 1 )

Acrochordus Hornstedt, 1787 A. arafurae (McDowell, 1979) A. granulatus (Schneider, 1799)

COLUBRIDAE ( 11 species, WA - 7 ) (mildly venomous, rear-fanged species in red)

Boiga Fitzinger, 1826 B. irregularis (Merrem, 1802)

Cerberus Cuvier, 1829 C. australis (Gray, 1842)

Dendrelaphis Boulenger, 1890 D. calligastra (Gunther, 1867) D. punctulata (Gray, 1826)

Enhydris Sonnini & Latreille, 1802 E. polylepis (Fischer, 1886)

Fordonia Gray, 1842 F. leucobalia (Schlegel, 1837)

Myron Gray, 1849 M. resetari Murphy, 2011 M. richardsonii Gray, 1849

Stegonotus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 S. cucullatus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) S. parvus (Meyer, 1874)

Tropidonophis Jan, 1863 T. mairii (Gray, 1841) T. m. mairii

ELAPIDAE ( 104 species, WA - 57 ) (all are front-fanged species) Subfamily Hydrophiinae Terrestrial Elapids

Acanthophis Daudin, 1803 A. antarcticus (Shaw & Nodder, 1802) A. cryptamydros Maddock, Ellis, Doughty, Lawrence, Smith & Wuster, 2015 A. praelongus Ramsay, 1877 A. pyrrhus Boulenger, 1898 A. wellsi Hoser, 1998

Antairoserpens Wells & Wellington, 1984 A. albiceps (Boulenger, 1898) A. warro (De Vis, 1884)

Austrelaps Worrell, 1963 A. labialis Rawlinson, 1991 A. ramsayi Rawlinson, 1991 A. superbus (Gunther, 1858)

Brachyurophis Gunther, 1863 B. approximans (Glauert, 1954) B. australis (Krefft, 1864) B. fasciolatus (Gunther, 1872) B. f. fasciatus (Stirling & Zietz, 1893) B. f. fasciolatus B. incinctus (Storr, 1968) B. morrisi Horner, 1998 B. roperi (Kinghorn, 1931) B. semifasciatus (Gunther, 1863)

Cacophis Gunther, 1863 C. churchilli Wells & Wellington, 1985 C. harriettae Krefft, 1869 C. krefftii Gunther, 1863 C. squamulosus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)

Cryptophis Worrell, 1961 C. boschmai (Brongersma, et al. 1964) C. incredibilis (Wells & Wellington, 1985) C. nigrescens (Gunther, 1862) C. nigrostriatus (Krefft, 1864) C. pallidiceps (Gunther, 1858)

Demansia Gunther, 1858 D. angusticeps Shea, 2007 D. calodera Storr, 1978 D. cupreiceps Storr, 1978 D. flagellatio Shea, 2007

D. olivacea (Gray, 1842) D. papuensis (Macleay, 1877) D. psammophis (Schlegel, 1837) D. quaesitor Shea, 2007 D. reticulata (Gray, 1842) D. rimcola Shea, 2007 D. rufescens Storr, 1978 D. shinei Shea, 2007 D. simplex Storr, 1978 D. torquata (Gunther, 1862) D. vestigiata (De Vis, 1884)

Denisonia Krefft, 1869 D. devisi Waite & Longman, 1920 D. maculata (Steindachner, 1867)

Drysdalia Worrell, 1961 D. coronoides (Gunther, 1858) D. mastersii (Krefft, 1866) D. rhodagaster (Jan & Sordelli, 1873)

Echiopsis Fitzinger, 1843 E. curta (Schlegel, 1837)

Elapognathus Boulenger, 1896 E. coronatus (Schlegel, 1837) E. minor (Gunther, 1863)

Furina Duméril, 1853 F. barnardi (Kinghorn, 1939) F. diadema (Schlegel, 1837) F. dunmalli (Worrell, 1955) F. ornata (Gray, 1842) F. tristis (Gunther, 1858)

Hemiaspis Fitzinger, 1860 H. damelli (Gunther, 1876) H. signata (Jan, 1859)

Hoplocephalus Wagler, 1830 H. bitorquatus (Jan, 1859) H. bungaroides (Schlegel, 1837) H. stephensi Krefft, 1869

Notechis Boulenger, 1896 N. scutatus (Peters, 1861)

Neelaps Gunther, 1863 N. bimaculatus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) N. calonotus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)

Oxyuranus Kinghorn, 1923 O. microlepidotus (McCoy, 1879) O. scutellatus (Peters, 1867) O. temporalis Doughty, et al. 2007

Paroplocephalus Keogh, Scott & Scanlon, 2000 P. atriceps (Storr, 1980)

Pseudechis Wagler, 1830 P. australis (Gray, 1842) P. butleri Smith, 1982 P. colletti Boulenger, 1902 P. guttatus De Vis, 1905 P. papuanus (Peters & Doria, 1878) P. porphyriacus (Shaw, 1794) P. weigeli (Wells & Wellington, 1987)

Pseudonaja Gunther, 1858 P. affinis Gunther, 1872 P. a. affinis P. a. exilis Storr, 1989 P. a. tanneri (Worrell, 1961) P. aspidorhyncha Skinner, 2008 P. guttata (Parker, 1926) P. inframacula (Waite, 1925) P. ingrami (Boulenger, 1908) P. mengdeni Skinner, 2008 P. modesta (Gunther, 1872) P. nuchalis Gunther, 1858 P. textilis (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)

Rhinoplocephalus Muller, 1885 R. bicolor Muller, 1885

Simoselaps Jan, 1859 S. anomalus (Sternfeld, 1919) S. bertholdi (Jan, 1859) S. littoralis (Storr, 1968) S. minimus (Worrell, 1960)

Suta Worrell, 1961 S. dwyeri (Worrell, 1956) S. fasciata (Rosen, 1905) S. flagellum (McCoy, 1878) S. gaikhorstorum Maryan, Brennan, Hutchinson & Lukas, 2020 S. gouldii (Gray, 1841) S. monachus (Storr, 1964) S. nigriceps (Gunther, 1863) S. ordensis (Storr, 1984) S. punctata (Boulenger, 1896)

S. spectabilis (Krefft, 1869) S. suta (Peters, 1863)

Tropidechis Gunther, 1863 T. carinatus (Krefft, 1863)

Vermicella Gunther, 1858 V. annulata (Gray, 1841) V. intermedia Keogh & Smith, 1996 V. multifasciata Longman, 1915 V. parscauda Derez, Arbuckle, Ruan, Xie, Huang, Dibben, Shi, Vonk & Fry, 2018 V. snelli Storr, 1968 V. vermiformis Keogh & Smith, 1996

Marine Elapids ( 34 species, WA - 25 ) (all are front-fanged species)

Acalyptophis Boulenger, 1896 A. peronii (Duméril, 1853)

Aipysurus Lacépède, 1804 A. apraefrontalis Smith, 1926 A. duboisii Bavay, 1869 A. eydouxii (Gray, 1849) A. foliosquama Smith, 1926 A. fuscus (Tschudi, 1837) A. laevis Lacépède, 1804 A. pooleorum Smith, 1974 A. tenuis Lönnberg & Andersson, 1913

Disteira Lacépède, 1804 D. kingii Boulenger, 1896 D. major (Shaw, 1802) D. stokesii (Gray, 1846)

Emydocephalus Krefft, 1869 E. annulatus Krefft, 1869 E. orarius Nankivell, Goiran, Hourston, Shine, Rasmussen, Thomson & Sanders, 2020

Enhydrina Gray, 1849 E. schistose (Daudin, 1803) - WA?

Ephalophis Smith, 1931 E. greyae Smith, 1931

Hydrelaps Boulenger, 1896 H. darwiniensis Boulenger, 1896

Hydrophis Sonnini & Latreille, 1802

H. atriceps Gunther, 1864 – WA? H. caerulescens (Shaw, 1802) H. coggeri (Kharin, 1984) H. czeblukovi (Kharin, 1984) H. elegans (Gray, 1842) H. gracilis (Shaw, 1802) H. inornatus (Gray, 1849) H. macdowelli Kharin, 1983 H. melanosoma Gunther, 1864 H. ornatus (Gray, 1842) H. pacificus Boulenger, 1896 H. vorisi Kharin, 1984

Lapemis Gray, 1835 L. curtus (Shaw, 1802) Parahydrophis Burger & Natsuno, 1974 P. mertoni (Roux, 1910)

Pelamis Daudin, 1803 P. platurus (Linnaeus, 1766)

Subfamily Laticaudinae Sea Kraits

Laticauda Laurenti, 1768 L. colubrina (Schneider, 1799) L. laticaudata (Linnaeus, 1758)