PublicTHE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PUBLIC GARDENSGarden ASSOCIATION VOLUME 32, ISSUE 1, 2017

EDUCATIONAL NEW GREENHOUSE ATTRACTING OUTREACH PROGRAM TECHNOLOGIES MILLENNIALS ROUGH CONSERVATORIES

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Sharon Van Loon, CPCU Creating Landscapes that Teach, Inspire and Succeed. [email protected] Kim Slager CRM, CIC www.terradesignstudios.com [email protected] Cindy Tyler, Principal 1.800.350.7676 • bhsins.com NATURE CONNECTS® ART WITH LEGO® BRICKS

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Nature Connects has a proven track record of dramatically increasing visitation, revenue, memberships, sponsorships THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PUBLIC GARDENS ASSOCIATION VOLUME 32, ISSUE 1, 2017 and donor participation, and programming.

Now booking CONTENTSFOCAL POINTS 6 Japan in 1876 Philadelphia: Japanese House Archaeology through 2020 and Educational Outreach Program Contact Ed Lyon, Shofuso House and Garden is rediscovering its past and engaging its future. Teens are being introduced to archaeology and then serve as Docents, Reiman Gardens’ Director interpreting the findings to visitors. A curriculum has been developed to bring at 515-294-6212 or awareness of local history to nearby middle school students. [email protected]. 10 Solar and Energy-Efficient Greenhouse Technology for the Modern Public Garden: Working Through the Optimization of Light New technology is available to increase efficiencies in our greenhouses and reduce costs. Learn what’s up and coming.

BACKBONES studioOutside 14 Digging Deep: Ethnobotany and Millennial Volunteers 20 Learning in the Garden: New Tools, New Perspectives

PERENNIALS 5 Executive Director’s Note 16 Photosynthesis 18 Nationally Accredited Plant Collection™ Showcase 22 How Does Your Garden Grow? 24 Garden Exhibit 25 Garden Professional Spotlight 26 Things We Love This Winter

Working with Botanical Gardens for 15 Years ANNUALS MASTER PLANNING AND GARDEN DESIGN American Public Gardens Association 214 954 7160 32  www.studiooutside.us Annual Membership Report EDITOR IN CHIEF Joan A. Thomas American Public Gardens Association MANAGING EDITOR Dorothea J. Coleman American Public Gardens Association ASSOCIATE EDITOR Caitlin Simkovich American Public Gardens Association EDITORIAL ADVISORY GROUP Carissa Kowalski Dougherty The Morton Arboretum Jenny Young DuPont Shari Edelson The Arboretum at Penn State University Erin Grajek Buffalo and Erie County Botanical Gardens Dago Lopez, Jr. Pitzer College On the Cover: Sharon Loving Longwood Gardens Tracy Magellan Montgomery Botanical Center Sharing ethnobotanical information with garden Don Rakow, Chair Cornell University volunteers can provide a direct connection to local Andy Sell University of Michigan knowledge, history, and personal health. At the San Melanie Sifton Brooklyn Botanic Garden Luis Obispo Botanical Garden, we’ve found that Greetings, Public Garden Readers, DESIGNER: sharing historic uses of plants with millennial Alena Scogna Visionaerie What does the future hold? What will our future members, gardens, and industry look like? volunteers resulted in a greater enjoyment in the PRINTER: Sheridan volunteer activity. By providing “real-life” examples of EDITORIAL CONSULTANT: how plants were and are used, volunteers can feel Gail Brodhead-Kae GBK Research, LLC That seems to be the question on everyone’s minds lately. One thing is clear: Public gardens are more connected to their environment and be AMERICAN PUBLIC GARDENS ASSOCIATION BOARD OF DIRECTORS indispensable, and we must continue to be their champions. empowered to make positive changes. PRESIDENT — Sabina Carr Atlanta Botanical Garden VICE PRESIDENT — William M. LeFevre Sarah P. Duke Gardens Gardens offer a fertile ground for horticulture educational opportunities, especially for young people as Photo: Eve Vigil, Founder of the San Luis Obispo TREASURER — Kara Newport Filoli Center they “dig in the dirt” and take on projects that could lead to future career paths in the public garden world. Botanical Garden SECRETARY — Carmia Feldman University of California Davis Arboretum and Public Garden Two stories in this issue offer fascinating pathways to NextGen engagement—attracting Millennials IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT — Kenneth J. Schutz Desert Botanical Garden through ethnobotany programming (San Luis Obispo Botanical Garden), and partnering with a science DIRECTORS AT LARGE and technology middle- and high-school leadership program on an archeology project (currently underway Grace Chapman Elton Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden at Shofuso Japanese House and Garden in Philadelphia). These two efforts inform a larger dialogue. Michael S. Dosmann The Arnold Arboretum at Harvard University I’d encourage those interested to learn more about two complementary national initiatives associated M. Patrick Griffith Montgomery Botanical Center Scott LaFleur Sherman Library and Gardens with horticulture leadership and support. Seed Your Future focuses on horticulture/plant science careers. Jane O. MacLeod Cheekwood Botanical Garden and Museum of Art National Initiative for Consumer Horticulture serves to provide umbrella recognition and set federal research Ray Mims United States Botanic Garden priorities for the 158-billion-dollar end-use horticulture industry. Mark Runciman Royal Botanical Gardens Shane D. Smith Cheyenne Botanic Gardens The future of our industry is also dependent on how well public gardens “walk the talk” with regard to Sharon VanLoon Berends Hendricks Stuit Insurance, Inc. environmental, social, and economic sustainability. Melanie Sifton’s Focal Point article spotlights a Denver Botanic Gardens Brian Vogt number of emerging greenhouse technologies that will give our members inspirational ideas for operating EX OFFICIO more sustainably. ADVERTISERS – In alphabetical order Anamari Dorgan The Morton Arboretum AMERICAN PUBLIC GARDENS ASSOCIATION D. Casey Sclar Executive Director, American Public Gardens Association As the saying goes, the only thing constant in life is change. Change is everywhere, even in future issues ANNUAL CONFERENCE...... Inside Front Cover AMERICAN PUBLIC GARDENS ASSOCIATION of this magazine. With the next issue, Don Rakow passes the torch of the Public Garden Editorial Advisory NATIONAL PUBLIC GARDENS DAY...... 27 351 Longwood Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348 Group to an adroit team led by new Chair Tracy Magellan (Montgomery Botanical Center) and Vice Chair Phone: 610-708-3011 • Fax: 610-444-3594 MEDIA KIT...... 31 www.publicgardens.org Shari Edelson (The Arboretum at Penn State University). I’d like to personally thank you, Don, for your BHS INSURANCE...... 1 many years of leadership in developing exceptional magazine content—and in the spirit of this issue— Volume 32, Issue 1, 2017. Public Garden (ISSN 0885- 3894) is published quarterly by the American Public Gardens Association, COUNTRY CASUAL TEAK...... 28 351 Longwood Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348. ©2017, American Public Gardens Association. All rights reserved. Public Garden for your own longstanding reputation for nurturing our profession’s brightest future leadership. DDM ENTERTAINMENT & EVENTS...... 30 is self-indexed at http://publicgardens.org/past-issues. Opinions expressed by contributors are not necessarily those of American Public Gardens Association. Public Garden welcomes editorial submissions but assumes no responsibility for the loss or damage of And as always, my thanks to all of you who give so much of your time and talents to make LONGSHADOW...... Back Cover unsolicited material. American Public Gardens Association serves North American public gardens and horticultural organizations by ORIGAMI IN THE GARDEN promoting professional development through its publications and meetings; advocating the interests of public gardens in political, our Association great...... 31 corporate, foundation, and community arenas; and encouraging gardens to adhere to professional standards in their programs REIMAN GARDENS...... 2 and operations. RIBBIT EXHIBIT...... 29 SUBSCRIPTIONS All members of the American Public Gardens Association receive a free subscription to the magazine. Subscriptions ROUGH CONSERVATORIES...... 1 are available to firms and individuals interested in working with members of the garden industry as follows: in the US at $52 per year; all others at $92 per year (includes a postage and handling charge). STUDIO OUTSIDE...... 2 CHANGE OF ADDRESS Send new address, zip code, moving date, and old address label to American Public Gardens Association, TERRA DESIGN STUDIOS...... 1 351 Longwood Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348. D. Casey Sclar WHITE FLOWER FARM Executive Director ...... 29 ADVERTISERS For information about advertising, contact Suzanne Moussa, Advertising Sales, at 610-708-3014 or ZIMSCULPT...... 29 [email protected]. Or request a media kit at [email protected]. American Public Gardens Association

[4, 5] PUBLIC GARDEN MAGAZINE VOLUME 32, ISSUE 1, 2017 Back to Table of Contents JAPAN IN 1876 PHILADELPHIA: JAPANESE HOUSE ARCHAEOLOGY AND EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH PROGRAM Kim Andrews and Nicole Schaller

Shofuso Japanese House and Garden, a seventeenth-century-style Japanese house and garden in West Philadelphia, is the latest of three Japanese structures and gardens to exist at its site since 1876. An important representation of friendship between Japan and the United States, Shofuso began investigating its historic legacy with a research project and archaeological excavation, funded by the William Penn Foundation, in August 2015.

In 1876, Philadelphia hosted the Centennial World company, conducted the successful archaeological excavation Exposition, a huge world’s fair that attracted over one of the first Japanese garden in North America, which, million visitors during its seven months. Japan, which had during the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, been closed to the Western world until 1853, took the was located at Shofuso Japanese House and Garden’s opportunity to establish a large presence in Philadelphia. present-day location. A Phase 1a archaeology project and Shofuso’s garden borders the location of the first Japanese concurrent research in August 2015 revealed a trove of garden in North America, the site of the Japanese bazaar archaeological artifacts that was used to develop a exhibit from the 1876 Centennial Exposition. The Japanese curriculum that explores the experience of the Japanese exhibition consisted of this garden and a bazaar, or store, as carpenters who came to Philadelphia in 1876 to build the well as a nearby two-story residence for Japanese diplomats Japanese exhibition buildings. and delegates. The Japanese art and architecture exhibited The results of this first excavation inspired staff at Shofuso at the Centennial Exposition took Philadelphia by storm, to develop the Japan in 1876 Philadelphia educational and periodicals were filled with descriptions of the workers: their tools, techniques, clothing, and appearance. program, partially funded by the US-Japan Foundation, to advance scholarship about the early experiences of The structures were demolished after the Centennial nineteenth-century Japanese workmen in the United concluded, but Philadelphians retained memory of the States, to further understand Shofuso’s place in history, and Japanese cultural legacy at the site, and another Japanese to promote intercultural understanding of Japanese culture structure and garden were installed in 1909. After a fire to grades K-12 while engaging with West Philadelphia destroyed the interim building, Shofuso and the current public and charter school students. garden were installed in 1958, as the third Japanese structure and garden at this location, but the legacy of the With the Japan in 1876 Philadelphia educational program, first structure and garden were forgotten over time. In student groups and all visitors will develop a better 2010, new Executive Director Kim Andrews’ preexisting understanding of the history of diverse cultures in interest in the 1876 Centennial World Exposition changed Philadelphia through the eyes of the Japanese carpenters the interpretation of Shofuso forever when the continuous who came to the 1876 Centennial Exposition, through thread back to 1876 was rediscovered. examination and discussion of the archaeological AECOM of Burlington, New Jersey, an accomplished excavations of the first Japanese garden in North America, local archaeology team from an international engineering and through observation of the architecture of Shofuso.

opposite: Teens are learning the procedures for documenting a dig.

[6,8, 78] PUBLIC GARDEN MAGAZINE VOLUME 32, ISSUE 1, 2017 Back to Table of Contents Shofuso’s educator, Nicole Schaller, a Pennsylvania- layer. The soil was analyzed, and then at the end the This field trip tour will focus on the continuous, thriving accredited teacher, developed the Japan in 1876 students refilled the holes. Japanese presence at Shofuso’s location since 1876 and its Philadelphia educational program to emphasize the long influences on Philadelphia’s and America’s art and culture The teens returned later in the month for the second phase history of friendship between Japan and the United States with the theme of friendship between Japan and of the project. A mini-lab was set up where Amy King, and to engage students in Shofuso’s neighborhood with Philadelphia. It will incorporate archaeological artifacts AECOM Archaeologist and Assistant Laboratory Manager, discovering local history that connects to the outside world. from the excavations and visual aids to focus on the spoke to the teens about her experience in processing and experience of Japanese carpenters who lived on site in reassembling artifacts. Teens were shown the correct way to 1876 while building the Japanese exhibition buildings. ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT clean the roof tile remnants that had been unearthed The architecture of Shofuso will illustrate the differences during their previous dig. Orvus soap was added to basins between American and traditional Japanese Shofuso partnered with the Franklin Institute’s PACTS of water, and the teens, armed with toothbrushes, scrubbed construction methods. program (Partnerships for Achieving Careers in Technology off dirt and debris. The pieces were then rinsed and placed The tour is combined with hands-on archaeological and Science) to provide their youth with a hands-on on drying racks before being re-bagged. Based on the activities lead by AECOM staff as well as the chance to view experience in the science and practice of archaeology. findings from the first dig, the teens excavated a third area artifacts from the excavation. A short walking tour of the PACTS, led by West Philadelphia neighborhood leader and to further search for evidence of the posts. nearby area will show other pieces of this history. Franklin Institute Director of Youth Education Michael Burch, is a year-round youth leadership experience that The next step for the teens in the new teen docent corps led Educator workshops provide background on the historical combines science enrichment, career development, by Educator Schaller is to create hands-on demonstrations importance of the Japanese participation in the 1876 mentoring, and leadership opportunities for diverse middle from their findings for Shofuso’s visitors in April and May Centennial Exposition. Planned visits by teaching artists school and high school students in the Philadelphia region. 2017. These lessons will not only demonstrate the sciences and educators will take place in the spring of 2017. Students behind archaeology, but also explain the connection will be introduced to Japanese music and instruments and Led by archaeologists from AECOM, six PACTS teens spent between modern-day Shofuso and the rich history of the will create ceramic seals based on a Sanbaso monkey figure two days working from start to finish on an archeological found in the initial excavation in the summer of 2015. dig of the site of the 1876 Japanese Bazaar, where ceramic Centennial Exposition’s Japanese Bazaar. The new Japan in 1876 Philadelphia field trip content will and brass Japanese decorative objects had been sold to be free for the Title 1 schools in the nearby neighborhood eager American audiences at the Centennial World and will be made available to other schools as a fee-based Exhibition. Joel Dworsky, Senior Archaeologist and SCHOOL PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM program. Pre- and post-visit lesson plans will be made Geospatial Analyst, visited the PACTS teens at the Franklin The Japan in 1876 Philadelphia project also launches available online to all teachers and will influence the Institute to speak to the youth about the profession of a new school partnership initiative between the Japanese teaching of Japanese art and culture in grades K-12 archaeology as well as to explain the centennial project. For House and neighboring schools in the Parkside area of in Philadelphia. the second phase of the excavation, the goal was to find the West Philadelphia. posts of the bazaar structure. Shofuso Japanese House and Garden has been a staid but The partnership provides no-cost programming for teachers beautiful, hidden feature in Philadelphia for many decades. The teens arrived early on a chilly October Saturday and students at the Title 1 low-income schools in the By exploring our history, inviting our neighbors to help, and morning to start their first day. The group’s primary task Philadelphia neighborhood closest to Shofuso. Four educating nearby students, Shofuso will expand its audience was to measure out the two proposed excavation sites which and create relevance and cultural content in a neighborhood had been pre-determined by data from the previous hundred middle school students, all eligible for free lunches, from two Title 1 public charter schools in the Parkside that has not previously been actively welcomed. As a AECOM excavation. Putting geometry into practice, they historic site in Philadelphia, Shofuso should be open to all. neighborhood will participate in our pilot academic year measured out the perimeter of each site. Then the teens Through the Japan in 1876 Philadelphia archaeology 2017-2018. The program is geared towards middle school worked in two teams to dig and sift through the dirt. As the project, Shofuso’s history is still being written by the dirt was sifted, the teams had to use their analytical skills to students and focuses on the hidden history of their students who will become its future. separate potential artifacts from rocks and other debris. neighborhood. Partner schools visit Shofuso for a specially These potential artifacts were placed into bags and labeled designed tour that highlights the house in the context of by layer and soil depth. The teens were shown how to fill out the Japanese presence in Fairmount Park beginning at the Kim Andrews is Executive Director of Shofuso House and Garden. reports and draw diagrams of the physical attributes of each 1876 Centennial Exposition. She may be reached at [email protected]. Nicole Schaller is Education Manager and may be contacted at photos, top to bottom: [email protected]. This monkey head, on right, was uncovered during the initial dig. It would have been part of a bobble-headed monkey figurine, on left. Most likely, these were produced as souvenirs for Exposition visitors. Soil is sifted in order to recover small artifacts. Many ceramic shards have been uncovered. They may be remnants of the workers’ table service or of pottery sold in the bazaar. This barely uncovered roof tile, with a central water figure, was believed to protect the structure from fire. all photos, here and page 6: Shofuso House and Garden

[8, 9] PUBLIC GARDEN MAGAZINE VOLUME 32, ISSUE 1, 2017 Back to Table of Contents SOLAR AND ENERGY-EFFICIENT GREENHOUSE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE MODERN PUBLIC GARDEN:

WORKING THROUGH THE OPTIMIZATION OF LIGHTMelanie Sifton

Sustainable technology is on the rise at botanic gardens across the world, but some areas of our green industry—conservatories and greenhouses, top: especially—have been stubbornly stuck in old, energy-wasting technology. Fluence products are available for That is changing. Public gardens are among the top and most high-profile growing in tight quarters such as early-adopters of some of the latest technologies in greenhouse design producing mass-market organic herbs. photo: Fluence Bioengineering and equipment, but the commercial greenhouse industry is also helping to bottom: lead the way. LumiGrow multi-spectrum LED light fixtures, regulated by a central Argus Control System, were recently added SOLAR GREENHOUSES: to the production greenhouses at Brooklyn Botanic Garden to increase SEEING THE FUTURE THROUGH ROSE-COLORED GLASS? energy efficiency and quality control over plant production. Building and maintaining large, glass-pane structures is expensive. What if the high cost of a well-designed glasshouse was offset by a built-in system to harness solar energy that could also optimize plant growth? A new photo: Elizabeth Peters, Brooklyn Botanic Garden greenhouse system developed by Physics Professor Sue Carter at University of California (UC) Santa Cruz’s Thin-Film Optoelectronics lab applies red solar technology to greenhouse surfaces. This is the world’s first commercially available greenhouse-glass solar collector. This innovative technology is available through Soliculture, which sells the product as LUMO solar-electric panels. LUMO panels are thin strips of transparent silicon photovoltaic material applied to the outside of greenhouse glass along with another layer of light-emitting materials applied to the inside. The filters optimize the light coming through toward the red wavelength, which is the best spectrum for plant development and photosynthesis, while also increasing the solar-cell power: a win-win for both energy and plant production. This results in the glass appearing to be magenta instead of clear. The LUMO solar panels may be customized to any size glass panel and don’t require racks like traditional solar panels do. Soliculture recommends that, where possible, facilities optimize their solar-collection productivity over areas not meant for plant production (potting sheds, offices, classrooms, etc.) by installing Standard Density (SD) panels to trap 100 percent of the light for energy production.

[10, 11] PUBLIC GARDEN MAGAZINE VOLUME 32, ISSUE 1, 2017 Back to Table of Contents Van Iersel’s lab has been working with lighting manufacturers from across the country to develop LED grow lights that respond automatically to changing light levels. With these new lighting options, facilities managers and growers can program in minimum light levels and schedules for the plants and then supplement the lights to reach exactly the desired light levels to the micromole. The lights can change with small automatic adjustments so quickly that you won’t even notice them with the naked eye. This keeps the plants well lit and uses energy efficiently. An added benefit comes by not forcing the LumiGrow multi-spectrum LED light fixtures, regulated by a central plants to deal with sudden changes in light levels, which Argus Control System, were recently added to the production greenhouses can lead to plant stress. at Brooklyn Botanic Garden to increase energy efficiency and quality control over plant production. Dr. van Iersel works with various LED-lighting Ivor Van Wingerden, a cucumber grower in central California, recently installed photo: Elizabeth Peters, Brooklyn Botanic Garden. manufacturers and developers to improve supplementary LUMO solar electric panels from Soliculture in his greenhouses. greenhouse lighting control, and is eager to work with photo: Soliculture lighting companies, innovative greenhouse managers, and Resist the temptation to cover your greenhouse with the UC Santa Cruz Arboretum, and planned for the UC greenhouse control system companies. His collaborative standard solar panels, as was done in Sardinia to take Riverside campus. partners include Fluence Bioengineering of Austin, Texas; daylight. The first experimental plasma light was developed advantage of heavily subsidized renewable technologies. PhytoSynthetix, a Georgia company; and LumiGrow of by Nikola Tesla in 1891, and this technology improved Light was blocked from the plants within, rendering SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHTING Emeryville, California, which has one of the more substantially. Using the latest in plasma technology, greenhouses useless for production. The challenge now is to prominent multi-spectrum LED-lighting options available Plasmalyte now offers high-efficiency LEP lamps that can develop technology that enables both solar power and plant While solar greenhouse technology can harness the power right now. Marc looks forward to bringing even more replace metal halide fixtures in conservatories, greenhouses, production to be correctly balanced in the same facilities: of the sun for both energy and plant production, what precise control over LED selective-spectrum lights of all zoos, and aquaria. These new LEPs have luminaire LUMO panels could be part of the solution. about relatively sunless days? Supplemental lighting can be types by adding controls directly to the fixtures or through efficiencies upwards of 90 percent, which is tremendous complementary both for solar greenhouses and for regular help from a larger greenhouse control system, such as compared to fluorescent and High Intensity Discharge The argument for using solar greenhouse technology in glasshouse or other structures. New supplemental lighting Argus, Micro Grow, Wadsworth, or Priva. He thinks an lights typically used in commercial and industrial climates where sunshine is plentiful and temperatures are technology could be the answer to optimizing plant growth important research and development aspect for applications. The lifespan of the lamps is expected to run an high speaks for itself, but the LUMO panels are also just as while also keeping electricity costs down. greenhouse-energy and environmental-management impressive fifty thousand hours or more. Depending on functional for cold climates. According to Glenn Alers, CEO software will be through increased control of LED multi- your electricity costs, you can expect energy cost savings of of Soliculture, energy efficiency can improve in colder spectrum lights resulting in a decreased payback period $175 to $290 per fixture, per year. temperatures since silicon cells tend to perform better when LED MULTI-SPECTRUM LIGHTS for design and installation costs. “The light quality produced by the plasma lamps in our cold. Soliculture’s solar-greenhouse trials have taken place LED (Light Emitting Diode) lights have become a household Van Iersel has also been working on a photo biofeedback golden lion tamarin exhibit is now so good as to be in chilly Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, as well as in name in recent years for efficient use in everything from project to see if the plants themselves can help control the indistinguishable from nearby skylights and outdoor areas. California, all with impressive results. tiny holiday lights to large, outdoor spotlights. The latest supplemental lighting even more precisely than real-time The plants and animals both seem to appreciate the This technology includes the production of renewable development in LEDs with applicability to greenhouses and climate monitoring. In a research setting, the lab is full-light spectrum, and the more natural look it imparts to electricity, which is estimated to provide a cost payback plant production allows customizable and multi-spectrum, looking at how efficiently various plant species can use the displays is an improvement that visitors also period of three to seven years and has a life span of over LED-lighting options that can help drive plant production different amounts of light. Shade species use light very appreciate,” says Lonnie McCaskill, Assistant Director of Facilities and Curator of Animals at Prospect Park Zoo in twenty years. Beginning in 2012, crop trials of tomatoes, while reducing energy use—especially compared to less efficiently, so Marc and his team are recording this and efficient lights typical of greenhouse facilities. Brooklyn, New York. The lights also provide the full-light lettuce, cucumbers, chives, gerbera daisies, lilies, marigolds, then using the information to program adaptive light spectrum that many reptiles require. Zoos and aquaria are roses, cyclamen, geranium, petunias, poinsettias, and According to Dr. Marc van Iersel, Professor of Plant levels that could be used for different crops. Up to 60 embracing plasma lamps, but the applications for public Nutrition and Physiology in the Horticulture Department percent energy savings have been recorded with this primrose show plant response is equal to or superior conservatories and greenhouses could also be far reaching compared to clear glass greenhouses. The magenta light cast at the University of Georgia, in Athens, Georgia, the approach. While this research project has been yielding encouraging results, the technology is nascent and not yet where long-life, efficient, full-spectrum fixtures with a light into the greenhouses is safe for the eyes, and the panels benefits of supplemental lighting in glasshouses increase ready for commercial applications. quality similar to daylight is important. absorb some of the heat passing through, which increases exponentially in northern climates where fluctuating light As public gardens continue to explore more sustainable human comfort and can reduce cooling costs during hot levels and persistent cloudy days are challenging for facilities and operations, don’t forget that increased energy days. Not only should solar greenhouses provide efficiency plants. While LED prices are decreasing and efficiencies PLASMA LIGHTS efficiency through smart lighting and fixtures, and even in operations, current offerings for solar incentives from are increasing compared to the high-pressure sodium or fluorescent fixtures currently in use as the technology energy creation through solar panels could be great options government agencies and power authorities for installation Plasma light fixtures are another more efficient, improves, the payback time for switching is still measured supplemental lighting option for conservatory and for new and existing glasshouses. could offset 20 percent to 30 percent of the total cost for in years. However, if you just swap out old high-pressure greenhouse managers. While not necessarily able to deliver new glasshouse projects—potentially covering much of the sodium lights for LEDs without taking advantage of targeted light within a certain spectrum like LEDs can, capital costs. Melanie Sifton is the Vice President of Horticulture and Facilities new light-control technology, you are wasting the long- Light Emitting Plasma (LEP) fixtures, using gas discharge at Brooklyn Botanic Garden. She also serves as the chair of the Horticulture, “Soliculture greenhouses generate more produce, power, term energy-efficiency capabilities of LED lighting, bulbs powered by radio-frequency transmissions, deliver Greenhouses, and Facilities Professional Section. She may be reached at and profits,” says Alers. This technology is on view now at says van Iersel. full-spectrum light that is almost identical in quality to [email protected]

[12, 13] PUBLIC GARDEN MAGAZINE VOLUME 32, ISSUE 1, 2017 Back to Table of Contents opposite: Millennial volunteers who learned about native plant uses reported a greater enjoyment of learning practical skills and a sense of altruism. this page, top to bottom: Volunteers enjoyed learning about and planting the culturally important, California native plant white sage, or Salvia apiana. College students expressed increased enjoyment volunteering for San Luis Obispo Botanical Garden after learning about the uses of native plants and DIGGING DEEP the importance of area restoration. all photos: Lindsey Collinsworth

volunteer day here in December 2015, the Education Director briefly discussed the uses of several native plants being planted. At that volunteer day the garden recruited three student interns, who began working in January 2016 and collectively donated over 270 volunteer hours to the Garden by mid-March 2016. Sharing ethnobotanical education with millennials appears to feed into their volunteer motivations of altruism and gaining skills, while deepening their environmental values. Uniting education with volunteer orientation was a win-win for the garden. As a result of a five-minute mini-lesson, young volunteers expressed increased enjoyment working ETHNOBOTANY for the garden, while essential garden maintenance and environmental preservation were accomplished. San Luis AND MILLENNIAL VOLUNTEERS: Obispo Botanical Garden found this to be an effective way of attracting millennial volunteers, who are becoming increasingly vital in maintaining botanical gardens and CONNECTING A NEW GENERATION WITH OLD KNOWLEDGE engaging in environmental stewardship. Making the Lindsey Collinsworth connection between natural resources and human survival can happen in a few short minutes. Learning how different cultures use plants (ethnobotany) is new audiences, your garden may find new volunteers, 2015, staff provided paper surveys to eighty-six an avenue for people to develop a deeper connection with members, supporters, and donors. undergraduate college students after two hours of REFERENCES: plants, indigenous cultures, and the local environment. Previous studies found millennial students’ volunteer volunteering at the garden. These students were all first- Cohn, Jeffrey P. 1988. “Culture and Conservation: A Greater Sensitivity to Cohn (1988) found that a greater awareness to local motives are generally based on values, altruism, or time volunteers who were assigned to volunteer at the cultures could increase the success of conservation efforts. Local Culture Could Increase the Success of Both Conservation and advancing one’s career (Garver, Divine, and Spralls 2009; garden as part of a college orientation experience. Following Development Projects.” BioScience 38 (7): 450. While cultural knowledge alone does not necessarily change a general volunteer orientation, the Education Director Moore, Warta, and Erichsen 2014). Inspiring and engaging DeVaney, Sharon A. 2015. “Understanding the Millennial Generation.” one’s behavior toward the natural world, it can solidify the the millennial generation (born between the early 1980s presented half the students with a five-minute oral Journal of Financial Service Professionals 69 (6): 11-14. connection between natural resources and human survival. and 2000), whose population exceeds that of the baby ethnobotany mini-lesson on three native plants used by Garver, Michael S., Richard L. Divine, and Samuel A. Spralls. 2009. Incorporating ethnobotany education at your garden may boomers (DeVaney, 2015), is essential for the long-term local Native American tribes. Students were taught how “Segmentation Analysis of the Volunteering Preferences of University provide visitors and volunteers with new connections to sustainability of San Luis Obispo Botanical Garden as well Native American tribes use willow bark (Salix spp.) to Students.” Journal of Nonprofit and Public Sector Marketing 21 (1): 1-23. nature, promote environmental awareness, and encourage as other small non-profit gardens. The garden relies on reduce fever and inflammation, buckwheat (Eriogonum spp.) doi:10.1080/10495140802111893. volunteerism. Your garden can also incorporate eco-trends volunteers to maintain the existing four-acre collection as it to soothe sore throats and coughing, and sage (Salvia spp.) Moore, Erin W., Samantha Warta, and Kristen Erichsen. 2014. “College like invasive-plant management and urban foraging to has a small operating budget and only two administrative to help combat illness (Timbrook 2007). Students’ Volunteering: Factors Related to Current Volunteering, Volunteer Settings, and Motive for Volunteering.” College Student Journal 48 (3): 386-396. widen your reach. staff. If small gardens like ours incorporate millennials’ In general, the volunteers surveyed expressed a high volunteer motives, such as providing practical skills, Timbrook, Jan. 2007. Chumash Ethnobotany: Plant knowledge among the At the San Luis Obispo Botanical Garden, the ethnobotany interest in doing similar volunteer work in the future (88.9 Chumash People of southern California. Berkeley, California: Heyday Books. programs have become increasingly popular. Ethnobotany connections to the local environment, and opportunities percent). The students who wanted to volunteer again and classes at the garden have 62 percent more attendees for socializing, and reinforce altruistic “feel-good” moments, participated in the ethnobotany mini-lesson expressed a compared to programs focusing on horticulture or biology. we may begin to see an upwelling of support from statistically significant higher interest in learning more millennial volunteers. Lindsey Collinsworth is the Education Director at the San Luis Obispo These programs appear to attract wider audiences interested about native plant identification and use. This group also Botanical Garden. She completed this project as part of graduate work through in anthropology and utilitarian qualities of plants, for With the goal of increasing the age diversity of our reported a greater enjoyment of learning practical skills and Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. Lindsey works closely with volunteers example: wilderness skills, urban foraging, and alternative volunteer force, we conducted a study to investigate the a sense of altruism. Based on the results of this survey, the and the public to promote environmental education. She is passionate about health. These utilitarian plant programs attract 14 percent effects of incorporating ethnobotanical “mini-lessons” at garden began incorporating ethnobotany education in herbology and ethnobotany and incorporating these historic topics back into more first-time visitors to this small garden. Within these the beginning of large-group volunteer orientations. In fall volunteer orientation. At the beginning of a community botanical garden education. She may be reached at [email protected].

[14, 15] PUBLIC GARDEN MAGAZINE VOLUME 32, ISSUE 1, 2017 Back to Table of Contents WET SNOW TRACES THE CURVING BRANCH STRUCTURE OF THIS CENTURY-OLD ACER PALMATUM VAR. DISSECTUM AT GREEN-WOOD CEMETERY, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK. CIRCA 2013. PHOTO: ART PRESSON

[16, 17] PUBLIC GARDEN MAGAZINE VOLUME 32, ISSUE 1, 2017 Back to Table of Contents opposite: The large boxwood purchased by P. S. du Pont in 1928 became the centerpiece of the Main Fountain Garden. this page, left to right: An exceptional individual of Buxus sempervirens originally collected in Russia. This plant has never been pruned or sheared. A view of the Plant Collections Network Buxus collection at the Longwood Gardens experimental nursery The variegated foliage of aBuxus sempervirens collected in Ukraine

Republic of Georgia to collect boxwood from wild importation of seeds is still permitted. Field work in China NATIONALLY ACCREDITED populations and from semi-cultivated specimens removed is tentatively planned for 2018. from the wild and planted around church yards. This The negative impact of insect pests onBuxus populations BOXWOOD COLLECTION™ continued in the following years with trips to Azerbaijan, also calls attention to the value of our collection. On a recent Greece, Russia, Ukraine, and Macedonia, as well as return expedition to the Republic of Georgia to collect seeds of visits to the Republic of Georgia. Stem cuttings were B. sempervirens (known as B. colchica to Georgian botanists), AT LONGWOOD GARDENS collected from selected plants exhibiting noteworthy we were surprised to find that nearly all of the wild and Peter J. Zale characteristics, and seeds were harvested when possible. The cultivated boxwood over a widespread area in western boxwood collection resulting from these efforts currently Georgia were completely defoliated by the box tree includes 111 accessions comprising 508 individual plants. caterpillar (Cydalima perspectalis). This insect was recently Of all the plants collected, grown, and admired by in its own right, this is just one of many stories detailing the This is 42.5 percent of the total number of collections made introduced in Georgia, and although it is not known to have Longwood Gardens’ founder Pierre S. du Pont, boxwood forever-intertwined history of Longwood Gardens and abroad, as the other accessions failed to be successfully appeared in the US, it is a USDA pest of concern. The were among the most highly revered. It was in part to save a boxwood. There is even a cultivar,Buxus sempervirens propagated, were not winter hardy, or succumbed to other collection now has increased conservation value as it is likely number of large rare trees planted by the Peirce family that ‘Longwood’, named to commemorate the historical causes of mortality. Of the living collection, 83 percent have that the plants from which our Georgian, and possibly other, du Pont purchased the future Longwood property. Among importance of boxwood at the garden. been vouchered and added to Longwood’s herbarium. collections originated will be affected by the box tree moth. One-third of this collection can be found growing on a steep these trees were several large old specimens of Buxus The boxwood collection serves numerous purposes and In 2001, Longwood Gardens began to revive its interest in north-facing slope in the Hillside Garden just south of the sempervirens var. arborescens, one of which is now a comprises a new chapter in the legacy of boxwood at boxwood when then-curator Tomasz Anisko planned and Main Fountain Garden, while the remainder are at the Pennsylvania state champion. Purchase records indicate embarked on a series of plant-collecting expeditions Longwood Gardens. This legacy continues to grow with the Longwood Gardens experimental nursery. that du Pont ordered large numbers of boxwood over the focused specifically on bringing new boxwood germplasm to recent installation of nearly three thousand Buxus years, and at one time he referred to the well-known Main the United States. The objective was to find, collect, and Recent concerns about boxwood blight (Calonectria microphylla var. japonica ‘Green Beauty’ in the revitalized Fountain Garden as the ‘sunken boxwood garden’. His import Buxus sempervirens (including synonyms and pseudonaviculata) and other diseases affecting boxwood Main Fountain Garden. The future will involve exploring the interest culminated in 1928 with the purchase of a twelve- taxonomically debated intraspecific taxa) from wild and underscore the importance of this germplasm collection. scientific value of the collection and using plant exploration foot-tall, eighty-foot-circumference plant from Lancaster semi-wild occurrences of the species in portions of its While the collection has not been tested for blight- to continue collection development, thereby combating County, Pennsylvania, said to have been originally planted native range where the plants might prove hardy to at least resistance, it remains possible that resistant plants might be modern challenges facing boxwood cultivation in the US. in 1720. Because of its size, Mr. du Pont hired the Lewis and USDA hardiness zone 6. Collectively, these goals resulted in found, and we are seeking a collaborator to carry out such and abroad. Valentine landscape company, which had expertise in the development of one of the largest collections of tests. The next phase of the project will focus on the moving large plants, to move the plant and its thirteen-foot wild-collected boxwood germplasm in the United States. acquisition of wild-collected accessions of potentially blight diameter root ball, for a price of $8,250, or around The collection began when Anisko joined colleagues from resistant and cold-hardy Chinese boxwood species. While Peter Zale is Curator and Plant Breeder at Longwood Gardens. $100,000 in modern currency. While an extraordinary tale interested public gardens and nurseries and traveled to the the importation of boxwood stem cuttings is now restricted, He may be reached at [email protected].

[18, 19] PUBLIC GARDEN MAGAZINE VOLUME 32, ISSUE 1, 2017 Back to Table of Contents LEARNING IN THE GARDEN

opposite: Morris Arboretum English Park in fall color this page, top to bottom: NEW TOOLS, NEW PERSPECTIVES: Morris Arboretum tree canopy in fall color with the Rose Garden in the foreground BRINGING DRONES INTO Morris Arboretum entry drive with Widener Visitor’s Center PUBLIC HORTICULTURE Bryan Thomsonowak

The growing popularity and accessibility of Unmanned Aerial real-world advice based on years of experience flying UAVs these may seem straightforward, others require time, Tavani demonstrated to class participants how to safely use Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs), in a variety of conditions. Tavani, a freelance video experience, and understanding to accurately predict their and operate a UAV and showed them the footage captured commonly known as drones, are undeniable in our world storyteller and photographer, was interested in sharing his effect on UAVs in flight. during the flight. They observed how he completed a experience experimenting and incorporating UAVs into his pre-flight check and assessed a site for potential today. As they become more available to the general public The class demonstrated that one can use UAVs for aerial business. He was eager to communicate the capabilities and obstructions and dangers. Attendees came away with a good and their capabilities become better understood, our surveying and mapping, which requires specialized understanding of how they could incorporate aerial photos limitations of UAVs and the types of footage they can industry is looking to UAVs to accomplish tasks in a safer, equipment, software, and experience, in many different and video into their public garden and business activities. capture from the air. What Tavani was most interested in quicker, and cheaper way. UAVs are being used for aerial ways. Tavani was not able to answer all our questions on They discussed ways they could use footage captured for sharing with attendees was the importance of planning and surveying and mapping, taking photographs and video for those kinds of UAVs. Upon further research, we learned the marketing purposes, take before-and-after aerial photos for preparation when deciding to take aerial photos or video marketing purposes, and inspecting trees for health and names of some of the top companies that have developed clients, and use UAVs to generate georeferenced maps for using a UAV. One of the challenges with UAVs is that they safety. What we do not know for sure is whether the cost and UAVs for agricultural surveying: AGCO, senseFly, larger sites and site planning. are becoming easier to use and cheaper to purchase, but time commitment required to capture this information is at PrecisionHawk, and Trimble. At over twenty thousand Following the class, Morris Arboretum contracted with their inherent dangers, such as their rapidly spinning a point where it makes sense for horticultural professionals dollars, these UAVs made specifically for surveying are still Tavani to have him produce a series of aerial seasonal videos propeller blades, present risks to people and property. for social media and website use (visit www. to embrace this new technology in a serious way. quite expensive due to the software and insurance packages MorrisArboretum.org). Tavani addressed the quickly changing laws that UAV pilots required, and until it drops, the price will likely be a barrier Morris Arboretum’s Continuing Education and School of must follow under FAA guidelines as well as tools for for many horticulture and landscape professionals. As the See Dave Tavani’s work at http://davetavani.com/morris- Arboriculture departments collaborated to develop a class properly identifying and avoiding no-fly zones. He pointed UAV market continues to expand and become more arboretum-four-seasons to shed light on UAVs and their potential as tools for out many of the pitfalls faced by first-time pilots, including specialized, each user will have to learn which UAVs can horticulture and landscape professionals. In developing this ferromagnetic interference, battery fires, weather capture the information they are interested in most class, Morris Arboretum partnered with local Philadelphia- conditions, in-air obstructions, Kp index (global Bryan Thompsonowak is the Assistant Director of Continuing Education at the efficiently and determine whether the associated costs fit Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania. He may be reached at based photographer Dave Tavani, who provided in-depth, geomagnetic storm index), and wildlife. While some of within their budget. [email protected].

[22, 21] PUBLIC GARDEN MAGAZINE VOLUME 32, ISSUE 1, 2017 Back to Table of Contents HOW DOES YOUR GARDEN GROW? CHICAGO’S LURIE GARDEN ENGAGES MOBILE TECHNOLOGY TO ENHANCE VISITOR EXPERIENCE Lynn Petrak left: Two screen shots of the GrowIt! App above: Using the GrowIt! The Lurie Garden in Chicago’s Millennium Park has been a “It really started with a conversation between Seth and me organisms, or birds,” remarks Stewart, who says the small app visitors can learn beacon for four-season beauty and sustainability since during the very early launch phase of GrowIt!. We both like plastic beacons are simple to install and can be easily tucked more about the plants out of sight. Although the beacon technology is designed to they see in the Garden 2004. Now, the Lurie Garden is using beacon technology— to push the front edge of how technology is used in how as well find more an inexpensive piece of hardware attached to a fixed object people interpret gardens,” explains Stewart. withstand the outdoors, a particularly snowy and frigid information about winter in Chicago will be the ultimate test, Lurie Garden. transmits information to smartphones and tablets via “By reaching visitors through their devices, the Lurie he adds. photos: Lurie Garden geo-location technology—to engage and educate visitors Garden can communicate with them regularly,” adds within its five-acre site, which is teeming with hundreds of Stewart. “GrowIt! plays well into the fact that the Lurie During the first few months after the installation, Stewart varieties of perennial plants and woody plants. Garden is a true four-season garden. It’s a way to engage our and his team regularly observed visitors pulling out their smartphones to download or use the app. Day and Reed also Several unobtrusive beacons have been added to the garden visitors through the year,” he notes. came out to the garden to check on its use. “Sometimes we over the past several months to enable information sharing That includes the times between late September and early just go to scope out what people are really looking to get out As with almost all pilot programs, some issues emerged. via the GrowIt! social mobile app. Through this technology, May when Lurie Garden volunteers aren’t out in the garden. of an experience at the Lurie Garden. That way, we can cater “We think it’s a good idea now to have a designated staff users can click on the app’s Explore and Search features to As Reed recalls, “Scott was hoping that a GrowIt! experience what we are doing more to the actual visitors,” reports Reed. member spend fifteen to thirty minutes a week to update see what plants are growing around them and get plant could be a stand-in while the docent program was inactive. A GrowIt! user agrees that it provides helpful information. the plant lists based on what’s in bloom and to take photos,” details by following the Information tab that features This was very easy, as visitors have access to theGrowIt! tour reports Stewart. “It was like going on a garden flower hunt. Visitors will be thousands of plant descriptions and other information. To whenever they are in the garden.” able to see and learn about the plants that are in bloom Stewart says that Lurie Garden is well served by this kind of help them “garden socially,” as GrowIt! likes to say, the app Having the app complement important aspects of the throughout the entire year. It makes you want to come back public-private partnership. “It expanded opportunities to also lets users link to special events nearby and share plant garden was pivotal for Stewart. “We told our volunteers, to see the new blooms of those you found interesting,” says create collaboration and partnerships, without overhead,” photos with others to show them what works or, perhaps, ‘This doesn’t replace you—it adds to you and augments the NZingha Ra’in, a 2016 visitor to the Lurie Garden. says Stewart, adding that the app connects users to the what doesn’t work in that area. experience’,” he says. “Also, the platform allows a user to Lurie Garden and also connects the garden with other The beacon technology has provided key analytics for the public gardens and partners in the industry. click over to the Lurie Garden web page and find garden, such as the use of the app by Millennials as well as information or get contact information for our staff.” other generational users. “It’s only been out one summer, Ultimately, the technology fits into the Lurie Garden’s mission. “What we do is all for the public; and we’re here SEEDLINGS OF AN IDEA but we have a preliminary data set now,” says Stewart. to engage people in the broadest possible way,” Scott Stewart, Director of the Lurie Garden, had heard good THE PILOT TAKES OFF TheGrowIt! founders learned some key lessons, too. “We Stewart declares. things about GrowIt!. The app was developed by Mason Day knew this would be a great solution for those people who and Seth Reed, two self-described “plant nerds” who met Installation was fairly simple. “We hid the beacons in our were avid plant fans, but we also found that people strolling while working for Ball Horticulture Company. They thought irrigation caps, so we are utilizing something already in the through the garden on a lunch break also have questions, For more information on the Lurie Garden such an app could help them share the joy of growing, via a garden without adding any overhead or extra cost. In and the app gives them a better way to connect than they’ve in Millennium Park, visit luriegarden.org. social community. addition, it has no negative effect on the plants, soil, had before,” observes Reed. For more information on GrowIt!, visit www.growitmobile.com

[24, 23] PUBLIC GARDEN MAGAZINE VOLUME 32, ISSUE 1, 2017 Back to Table of Contents GARDEN EXHIBIT AZALEAS: “THE FLAMING DRAMA GARDEN PROFESSIONAL SPOTLIGHT OF THE SOUTH” AT BELLINGRATH GARDENS KELLIEDIRECTOR OF GARDENS COX AND GROUNDS, TUDOR PLACE HISTORIC HOUSE AND GARDEN Sally Ericson TELL US ABOUT YOUR JOURNEY IN THE GARDEN INDUSTRY. Redbud, Sage, and Anise. We are currently working on restoring the entire ten-thousand-square-foot perimeter My garden journey started at a young age, when I became surrounding the gardens. Over time invasive plants, fascinated with plants and art. I learned about flowers and including English ivy, bindweed, and Euonymus, have taken art through my family’s floral design business and received over the understory landscape. Over the next two years, we my bachelor’s degree in Landscape Horticulture and Plant aim to restore and enhance the perimeter slopes with Science from the University of Delaware, a wonderful and historically based native plantings. valuable experience. Soon after college, I worked as a Along with undertaking the restoration work, we work For at least 250 years, azaleas have been synonymous with Mobile, Alabama, the nursery manager for a green roof plant nursery and as a closely with other departments to create new garden “Azalea City.” The lovely bushes and blooms thrive in the mild Gulf Coast climate; residential landscape designer, focusing on native and programs and to continually promote the gardens. I some of the plants almost become trees, towering fifteen to twenty feet high and edible landscapes. recently designed over sixteen different seed packs for our measuring more than one hundred feet in circumference. Eventually, I moved to Washington, DC, and became historic heirloom perennial seeds, which we sell annually. interested in historic landscapes. I worked at the Heurich The designs highlight the beautiful plants we grow in the House Museum as their Lead Gardener and helped re- gardens. I also helped create a new program called Art in the Therefore, it is fitting that the azalea is the flower that is at Bellingrath belong to the Southern Indian Hybrids or design their oasis garden into an education garden. In 2015, Garden. Discovering artistic expression in the gardens, also synonymous with nearby Bellingrath Gardens, founded Indica Azaleas, and are best grown in the Deep South, USDA I started working at Tudor Place Historic House and Garden beginning and advanced artists alike will learn a series of by Walter and Bessie Bellingrath. From the Gardens’ earliest zones 8-10b. art techniques and about the historic plants at Tudor Place. as the Director of Gardens and Grounds. On five-and-one- beginnings as a humble fishing camp in the 1920s, Bessie Each spring, usually in mid- to late March, visitors enjoy the half acres, Tudor Place remains one of America’s last intact WHAT DO YOU FIND TO BE THE MOST REWARDING THING Bellingrath began bringing in plants to spruce up the 250,000 azalea blooms spread throughout the sixty-five urban estates. Its open lawns and garden rooms are a ABOUT WORKING IN THIS INDUSTRY? property, with azaleas being her most frequent choice. acres of Bellingrath Gardens. People call the Gardens delight and are filled with historic trees and plantings. Some of her plants survive and thrive to this day. Others year-round to ask about the peak bloom season, and the There are many rewards in working in the horticulture and were lost to Hurricane Frederic in 1979 and were attendance at the Gardens usually rises by two thousand to TELL US ABOUT A RECENT PROJECT YOU WORKED ON. public gardens industry. Gardening is very fulfilling, and I subsequently replaced. three thousand during that time. have the pleasure to work with many wonderful and kind At Tudor Place, we are continually working to enhance the people. The most rewarding aspect is seeing other people Today, in terms of variety, size, color, arrangement, and photo: Bellingrath Gardens historic gardens. Over the last year, I designed a native enjoy the gardens and the hard work we put into creating a natural setting, the gorgeous azaleas at Bellingrath Gardens plant garden for events and programs. Originally a large beautiful public space. I’m thankful to be able to share my are unequalled. When the azalea bush is in full bloom, every bed of English Ivy, the garden is now designed with natives, passion for horticulture and art with the public. vestige of foliage is entirely smothered in the crimson, coral, Sally Ericson is Director of Marketing and Public Relations edibles, and historically based plantings that provide white, or purple flowers. Most of the show-stopping azaleas at Bellingrath Gardens. She may be reached at [email protected]. year-round interest: Florentine Tulips, Serviceberry, Submitted by Tudor Place Communications Director Mandy Katz

[26, 25] PUBLIC GARDEN MAGAZINE VOLUME 32, ISSUE 1, 2017 Back to Table of Contents THINGS WE LOVE THIS WINTER SNUGGLE UP WITH A STUNNING BOOK Experimenting Landscapes is a new book by Emily Waugh that presents twenty-five projects created for the International Garden Festival over the past decade. I love the book because it is a visually compelling portrait of the creative freedom the Festival has offered to landscape architects, architects and artists from various disciplines since the first edition of the event in 2000. www.refordgardens.com/english/online-shop-books.php Submitted by Alexander Reford, Director, Les Jardins de Métis WINTERTIME READS WINTERTIME ARTISANAL TILEWORK As a part of Matthaei-Nichols’ mission, we feature the work of local and regional artisans in our displays and retail shop. Motawi Tileworks of Ann Arbor, Michigan, immortalized our Nationally Accredited Peony Collection™ in this stunning piece, which allows visitors to “plant” a piece of our Garden at home. Consider hiring local artisans like Motawi to create unique and beautiful objects for your own garden. Submitted by David Betz, Visitor Services Manager, Matthaei Botanical Gardens and Nichols Arboretum www.motawi.com/collections/flowers/products/ handcrafted-art-tile-peony-red UNIQUE OBJECTS CONCAVE CUTTER I love using bonsai tools in everyday gardening, and my favorite crossover tool is the concave cutter, used (unsurprisingly) to create concave pruning cuts that heal more quickly than straight bypass cuts. Their elongated tips are also incredibly useful in pruning plants with opposite branching or congested growth habits. The Stanwood model shown here is available from Amazon (www.amazon.com/Stanwood-Bonsai-Tool-Professional- Japanese/dp/B00CWEL77M) and the price as of this writing was $49.95. Submitted by Marc Montefusco, Director of Horticulture at Reeves-Reed Arboretum, www. reeves-reedarboretum.org. ONE COOL TOOL [28, 27] PUBLIC GARDEN MAGAZINE VOLUME 32, ISSUE 1, 2017 Back to Table of Contents Back to Table of Contents TRUSTED BY PUBLIC GARDENING PROFESSIONALS FOR OVER 40 YEARS

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[32, 31] PUBLIC GARDEN MAGAZINE VOLUME 32, ISSUE 1, 2017 Back to Table of Contents AMERICAN PUBLIC GARDENS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP REPORT 2016 Institutional Members American Public Gardens Association Institutional Friends of the Rogerson Clematis Collection Northern Plains Botanic Garden Society $150,001 to $399,999 Members are organized based upon reported Friends of the Topiary Park Oak Hill and The Martha Berry Museum Adelaide Botanic Garden otal American Public Gardens Association embers Annual Operating Budget of each institution. Gainesway Farm Oklahoma City Zoo and Botanical Garden Akron Zoological Park Less than or equal to $150,000: Garden Literacy Oregon Museum of Science and Industry Algonquin College Horticulture Centre Allegheny Arboretum at Indiana University Gardens at Gantz Farm Oregon Zoo/Horticulture Allen Centennial Gardens of Pennsylvania Gardens at Matter Park Oroville Botanic Garden and Cultural Center American Society of Botanical Artists 8,826 Al’s Autobody and Arboretum Gardens at Mill Fleurs Peace River Botanical and Sculpture Gardens, Inc. - Andrews University Arboretum n we launched he Public Gardens Alta Vista Botanical Gardens Gardens of Fanshawe College and Tetrault Family Foundation Annapolis Royal Historic Gardens Sustainability ndex. he Phase Survey ool American Veterans Heritage Center The A.M. Cuddy Gardens Pennsylvania Horticultural Society Arboretum at Adelphi University aids public garden professionals in using Annmarie Sculpture Garden and Arts Center Gardens of the Big Bend at University of Florida Meadowbrook Farm Arboretum of the Barnes Foundation uniue site attributes to identify a gardens Arbor View Gardens George Washington’s Mount Vernon Pine Hollow Arboretum Atlanta History Center, Goizueta Gardens Arboretum at Interstate Packaging Georgia O’Keeffe Museum Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium Auburn University 601 best launch points for benchmarking, Arboretum at Penn State Erie Glendale Xeriscape Demonstration Garden PowellsWood Garden Awbury Arboretum developing, and adopting environmental, Arboretum Parque Doña Inés / Fundación Luis Grapevine Botanical Gardens at Heritage Park Prairie Garden Trust Bayard Cutting Arboretum 5,449 social and economic sustainability practices. Muñoz Marin Graver Arboretum of Muhlenberg College Purdue University Beech Creek Botanical Garden and Nature Preserve Bailey Arboretum Great Gardens in North Idaho urrently in development are best practices Quarry Gardens at Schuyler Bellefontaine Cemetery Baker Arboretum Great Plains Native Plant Society Blithewold Mansion, Gardens and Arboretum 88 505 and principles for operational sustainability. Redland Tropical Gardens Botanical Foundation, Inc. Bard College Arboretum Green Mountain College Reeves-Reed Arboretum Bookworm Gardens 37 A people-centric process model includes Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories and Arboretum Green Spring Gardens Reflection Riding Arboretum and Nature Center Boone County Arboretum Bedrock Gardens Guadalupe River Park Conservancy stakeholder engagement, collaborative Rose Garden at Mesa Community College Boxerwood Nature Center and Woodland Garden Bend of the River Botanic Garden Hahn Horticulture Garden at Virginia Tech Rose Haven Heritage Garden Brenton Arboretum decision making and a support network Better Homes and Gardens Test Garden® Hermitage Museum and Gardens Sachem Public Library California Polytechnic Arboretum and Gardens to provide a road map for each gardens Block Botanical Gardens Highfield Hall and Gardens San Antonio Zoo Carthage College 36 17 Boiling Springs Ecoseum and Desert Preserve Highline SeaTac Botanical Garden sustainability journey. Sandhills Horticultural Gardens Cedar Valley Arboretum and Botanic Gardens Boston Symphony Orchestra at Tanglewood Highstead Santa Ynez Valley Botanic Garden Chihuahuan Desert Research Institute 2016 2012 2016 2012 2016 2012 2016 2012 For more information: Botanic Garden at Historic Barns Park Hildene, The Lincoln Family Home Schoepfle Garden Cincinnati Nature Center Corporate Associate Individuals Institutional Corporate Gold www.publicgardens.orgsustainability-index Botanic Garden at Oklahoma State University Historic Columbia Foundation Columbus Botanical Garden Botanic Gardens at Kona Kai Historic Hudson Valley Secrest Arboretum at The Ohio State University Simpson Garden Park Compton Gardens Botanic Gardens Australia and New Zealand Historic London Town and Gardens Crosby Arboretum Botanica, The Wichita Gardens Historic Oakland Foundation Sister Mary Grace Burns Arboretum Skylands Association - New Jersey Botanical Garden Dalhousie University Botanical Gardens at Asheville Honolulu Zoo Society Delaware Botanic Gardens at Pepper Creek American Public Gardens Association Programs Program Partners South Carolina Botanical Garden Botanical Gardens at Sanibel Moorings Resort Huntington Museum of Art Denver Zoological Foundation Spartanburg Community College Brandywine Conservancy and Museum of Art Illinois Central College Arboretum Discovery Park of America Stanley M. Rowe Arboretum Bullington Gardens Illinois Wesleyan University Dothan Area Botanical Gardens Starhill Forest Arboretum of Illinois College California University of Pennsylvania Inniswood Metro Gardens Dyck Arboretum of the Plains Stoneleigh: A Natural Garden Carefree Desert Gardens Jacksonville Arboretum and Gardens Eastwoodhill Arboretum Streissguth Gardens United States National Institute Animal and Casa Romantica Cultural Center and Gardens Jardín Botánico De Ciceana Eden Project Department of of Food and Plant Health Sunshine Coast Botanical Garden Society Agriculture Agriculture Inspection Service Cave Hill Cemetery Jardín Botánico Francisco Javier Clavijero del Elkton Community Education Center ationally Accredited Sentinel Plant etwork Instituto de Ecologia, A.C. Surreybrooke Cedar Crest College Elmhurst College Jardín Botánico Lankester Plant ollections SP gardens Chase Garden Taylor Conservatory Foundation Gainsborough Farm Jardín Botánico Regional De Cadereyta Chatham University Arboretum Teton Botanical Garden Garden Conservancy ember Gardens Statesprovinces represented Jewell Gardens Chihuahuan Desert Gardens University of Texas Theodore Payne Foundation for Wild Flowers Gardens of Kohler at El Paso Kansas State University Gardens and Native Plants with ationally in the SP Gardens of The American Rose Center Children’s Fairyland Kutztown University Tofino Botanical Gardens Accredited Garden staff provided with George Eastman Museum Clara E. Paris Arboretum Lake View Cemetery Tower Grove Park Goodell Gardens and Homestead Plant ollections no-cost SP training In 2016: Clary Gardens Lakes Park Botanic Garden Tracy Aviary Haverford College Arboretum Clovis Botanical Garden Committee, Inc. Lakeshore Park 60 gardens he dollar value of Tudor Place Historic House and Garden Heathcote Botanical Gardens Gardens provided with Coastal Georgia Botanical Gardens Landis Arboretum Tulsa Garden Center Henry Foundation for Botanical Research free SP interpretive were provided with interpretive signage and College of William and Mary LaSierra University Unbelievable Acres Botanic Gardens, Inc. Heritage Museums and Gardens free Plant eroes plant labels provided Colorado Shakespeare Gardens Linden Botanic Garden signage and labels University of Alabama Arboretum Heronswood Garden Colorado Springs Utilities Linnaeus Arboretum Gustavus Adolphus College For a more in-depth view of this program and its youth education to member gardens University of Arizona Campus Arboretum Hofstra University Arboretum Colorado State University Extension Locust Grove Public Garden University of California Davis Haagen-Dazs Horticultural Arts and Park Institute, Inc. impact, look for our Special ssue of outreach materials. was 37,278.99 Colorblends House and Spring Garden Longleaf Botanical Gardens Honey Bee Haven Hoyt Arboretum and Herbarium dedicated entirely to plant collections. Congdon Gardens Louisiana State University AgCenter University of Central Florida Arboretum Humboldt Botanical Garden Core Arboretum Botanic Gardens at Burden University of Delaware Botanic Gardens Cottage Lake Gardens Luther Burbank Home and Gardens Iowa Arboretum University of Hawaii College of Tropical Agriculture Ithaca Children’s Garden Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art Mabery Gelvin Botanical Gardens and Human Resources Urban Garden Center Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens Manasota Memorial Park James G. Kaskey Memorial Park Professional evelopment University of Idaho Arboretum and Botanical Garden Jensen-Olson Arboretum Delaware Center for Horticulture Mariana H. Qubein Arboretum and Botanical University of Kansas Medical Center Gardens at High Point University Juniper Level Botanic Garden Donald E. Davis Arboretum University of Miami - Gifford Arboretum Professional evelopment Symposium Attendance Annual onference Attendance umber of Participants in Professional Sections Marin Art and Garden Center Kalmia Gardens of Coker College Dubuque Arboretum and Botanical Gardens University of Nebraska Lincoln Botanical Garden Marquand Park Foundation Key West Botanical Garden Society 3,594 Dunsmuir Botanical Gardens and Arboretum Green Buildings and Landscapes 586 olumbus O Marywood University Arboretum Kruckeberg Botanic Garden Durango Botanic Gardens University of Nevada Cooperative Extension 39 Grounds anagement GF 2,039 Maynard W. Quimby Medicinal Plant Garden Longue Vue House and Gardens Edith J. Carrier Arboretum University of North Carolina Meadowburn Farm Lord and Schryver Conservancy at James Madison University Charlotte Botanical Gardens Meerkerk Rhododendron Gardens Lovett Pinetum Arts and Exhibitions ...... arketing ommunications.... Elon University University of South Florida Botanical Gardens Mendocino Coast Botanical Gardens Luthy Botanical Garden ollege and niversity Gardens.. ative Plants...... Erie Zoological Society University of Tennessee-Facilities Services esign and Planning ...... Plant ollections...... Mermaid Martin House Restoration Corporation 116 Education Evergreen Cemetery Association University of West Georgia Exploration Gardens University of Florida / Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Gardens Massachusetts Horticultural Society evelopment embership..... Plant onservation ...... Utrecht University Botanic Gardens 738 iami FL IFAS Extension Mill Pond Garden Inc. Maymont Foundation Education...... Plant omenclature Vallarta Botanical Garden Fairhaven Memorial Park and Mortuary Miller Nature Preserve McLaughlin Garden and Homestead Emerging Professionals ...... axonomy...... Vanderbilt University Finance and Operations ...... Small Gardens...... Fell Arboretum at Illinois State University Mission Oaks Gardens Mead Botanical Garden Fells Monk Botanical Gardens Waddell Barnes Botanical Gardens Meadow Lakes - The Robert A. Winters Arboretum Food and Agriculture ...... Sustainability formerly Green Washington Park Botanical Garden istoric Landscapes ...... Buildings and Landscapes...... Florida Keys TREE Institute Monticello Meadowlark Botanical Gardens Welkinweir members served by webinars in and orticulture, Greenhouses echnology nnovation Forest Lawn Cemetery and Arboretum Montpelier Foundation Metro Nashville Board of Parks and Recreation Western Kentucky Botanical Garden 550 and Facilities ...... Professional Section PS...... Fort Myers-Lee County Garden Council Home National Botanic Garden Metro Parks Tacoma / W.W. Seymour arketing and ommunications, Plant ollections, and echnology and nnovation PS White Fences Equestrian Center Botanical Conservatory nternational Gardens ...... Volunteer Engagement ...... of the Berne Davis Botanical Garden Native Plant Center - Westchester Friends of Hilltop Arboretum Community College Wildwood Park for the Arts Minnetrista Friends of Laurelwood Arboretum Nehrling Gardens Woodlands Garden Mitchell Park Horticultural Conservatory Friends of Port St. Lucie Botanical Gardens Newport Tree Society Yampa River Botanic Park Mizzou Botanic Garden [34, 34] Friends of The Rawlings Conservatory North American Butterfly Association Zilker Botanical Garden Conservancy Mobile Botanical Gardens Back to Table of Contents Mountain Top Arboretum Clark Gardens Botanical Park Vizcaya Museum and Gardens State Botanical Garden of Georgia Museum of the Shenandoah Valley Connecticut College Arboretum W.J. Beal Botanical Garden Stonecrop Gardens Naples Zoo at Caribbean Gardens Conservation Garden Park Water Conservation Garden Swan Point Cemetery Nemours Estate Dallas Baptist University Wellesley College Botanic Gardens Taltree Arboretum and Gardens New England Wild Flower Society Dumbarton Oaks Wellfield Botanic Gardens Texas Discovery Gardens Oak Park Conservatory Earl Burns Miller Japanese Garden Wing Haven Thanksgiving Point Garden Ogden Botanical Gardens Elisabeth C. Miller Botanical Garden Zoo Miami Miami-Dade Zoological Park Tohono Chul Park Old City Cemetery Museums and Arboretum Fairview Cemetery and Gardens Toledo Botanical Garden Olds College Fellows Riverside Gardens $1M to $2.99M Toronto Botanical Garden Peckerwood Garden Conservation Foundation Fernwood Botanical Garden Assiniboine Park Conservancy Tucson Botanical Gardens Thank You Peconic Land Trust - Bridge Gardens Florida International University Berkshire Botanical Garden Tulsa Botanic Garden Penn State University Office of Physical Plant Fruit and Spice Park Birmingham Botanical Gardens Tyler Arboretum to all of our members Philbrook Museum of Art Fullerton Arboretum Bloedel Reserve University of Alberta Devonian Botanic Garden Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy Gamble Garden Botanic Garden of Smith College University of British Columbia Botanical Garden Regis University Gardens at Heather Farm Boyce Thompson Arboretum University of California Botanical Garden Roosevelt-Vanderbilt National Historic Site Gardens on Spring Creek Brookside Gardens University of California Davis Arboretum Royal Botanic Garden of Jordan Glenstone Museum Buffalo And Erie County Botanical Gardens and Public Garden for helping us create a world where San Luis Obispo Botanical Garden Hagley Museum and Library California State University, Fresno University of California Santa Cruz Arboretum Sawtooth Botanical Garden Harry P. Leu Gardens Callaway Gardens University of Washington Botanic Gardens Singapore Botanic Gardens Henry Schmieder Arboretum Cape Fear Botanical Garden University of Wisconsin Arboretum public gardens are indispensable. Slayton Arboretum of Hillsdale College Hidden Lake Gardens Christchurch Botanic Gardens Wave Hill South Coast Botanic Garden Foundation High Glen Gardens Christopher Farm and Gardens Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library Southern Highlands Reserve Hiipaka LLC (Waimea Valley) Colonial Williamsburg Foundation $3M to $9.99M Spring Grove Cemetery and Arboretum Hillwood Estate, Museum and Gardens Como Park Zoo and Conservatory ABQ BioPark Botanic Garden Springfield-Greene County Botanical Center Historic Ford Estates Conservatory of Flowers Bellingrath Gardens and Home St. George Village Botanical Garden Houston Botanic Garden Daniel Stowe Botanical Garden Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest Stonegates Humber Arboretum Dow Gardens Bok Tower Gardens Tanger Family Bicentennial Garden JC Raulston Arboretum Environmental Learning Center Botanical Research Institute of Texas Temple University Klehm Arboretum and Botanic Garden Fort Worth Botanic Garden Chanticleer 3rd Street South Historic District Knoxville Botanical Garden and Arboretum Frederik Meijer Gardens and Sculpture Park Cheekwood You are indispensable. The Arboretum, State Botanical Garden of Kentucky Land and Garden Preserve of Mount Desert Island Friends of the High Line Cleveland Botanical Garden The Herb Society of America Lasdon Park And Arboretum Ganna Walska Lotusland Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens Tizer Botanic Gardens and Arboretum Leach Botanical Garden Garfield Park Conservatory Cornell Botanic Gardens Trees Atlanta Leon Levy Native Plant Preserve Garvan Woodland Gardens Dawes Arboretum University of Chicago Lewis and Clark Community College Greater Des Moines Botanical Garden Descanso Gardens University of Connecticut Living Desert Green Bay Botanical Garden Filoli Center University of Illinois Arboretum Lockerly Arboretum Green-Wood Cemetery Franklin Park Conservatory and Botanical Gardens University of Tennessee Gardens LongHouse Reserve Greenwood Gardens Holden Arboretum Utah State University Botanical Center Lurie Garden Grounds For Sculpture Huntsville Botanical Garden Van Vleck House and Gardens Lyon Arboretum Hawaii Tropical Botanical Garden Indianapolis Museum of Art Vander Veer Botanical Gardens Marsh Botanical Garden, Yale University Honolulu Botanical Gardens Lauritzen Gardens Washington National Cathedral McCrory Gardens Hudson Gardens and Event Center Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden West Virginia Botanic Garden, Inc. McKee Botanical Garden Huntington Library, Art Collections, Marie Selby Botanical Gardens Wilbur D. May Arboretum and Botanical Garden Mercer Botanic Gardens and Botanical Gardens Minnesota Landscape Arboretum William Paca House and Garden Miami Beach Botanical Garden Idaho Botanical Garden Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania Wilson Botanical Garden Milner Gardens and Woodland J. Paul Getty Museum Mount Auburn Cemetery Windmill Island Gardens Mounts Botanical Garden of Palm Beach County Jenkins Arboretum and Gardens Mt. Cuba Center $400,000 to $999,999 Nebraska Statewide Arboretum Jerusalem Botanical Gardens Naples Botanical Garden Adkins Arboretum New Hanover Extension Arboretum Kingwood Center Gardens National Tropical Botanical Garden Airlie Gardens Newton Cemetery Ladew Topiary Gardens North Carolina Botanical Garden Alaska Botanical Garden Niagara Parks Botanical Gardens and Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Olbrich Botanical Gardens Aldridge Gardens Butterfly Conservatory of the University of Texas at Austin Powell Gardens Amarillo Botanical Gardens Old Westbury Gardens Leichtag Commons Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden American Horticultural Society Overland Park Arboretum and Botanical Gardens Lincoln Park Zoo Red Butte Garden and Arboretum American University Paul J. Ciener Botanical Garden Los Angeles County Arboretum Foundation Royal Botanical Gardens Applewood - The C.S. Mott Estate Pinecrest Gardens Magnolia Plantation and Gardens San Antonio Botanical Garden Quad City Botanical Center Arboretum at Flagstaff Matthaei Botanical Gardens and Nichols Arboretum San Diego Zoo Global Regional Parks Botanic Garden Arboretum at Penn State Memphis Botanic Garden San Francisco Botanical Garden Reynolda Gardens of Wake Forest University Montgomery Botanical Center Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Santa Barbara Botanic Garden Rhododendron Species Botanical Garden Montreal Botanical Garden / Jardin botanique Bartlett Arboretum and Gardens Sarah P. Duke Gardens Ridges Sanctuary de Montréal Barton Arboretum and Nature Preserve of Shangri La Botanical Gardens and Nature Center Medford Leas Riverbanks Zoo and Botanical Garden Moore Farms Botanical Garden Smithsonian Gardens Bartram’s Garden Rockford Park District Morris County Park Commission Tower Hill Botanic Garden Bellevue Botanical Garden Rotary Botanical Gardens MUN Botanical Garden United States National Arboretum Betty Ford Alpine Gardens Rutgers Gardens Myriad Gardens Foundation VanDusen Botanical Garden Boerner Botanical Gardens Ruth Bancroft Garden New Orleans Botanical Garden Above $10M Botanical Garden of the Ozarks Salisbury University Arboretum Norfolk Botanical Garden Bowman’s Hill Wildflower Preserve San Diego Zoo Safari Park North Carolina Arboretum Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University Brookgreen Gardens Santa Fe Botanical Garden Oregon Garden Foundation Atlanta Botanical Garden Brooklyn Bridge Park Shofuso Japanese House and Garden Pittsburgh Botanic Garden Brooklyn Botanic Garden Bryn Mawr College Smith-Gilbert Gardens Planting Fields Arboretum State Historic Park Chicago Botanic Garden Calgary Zoo, Botanical Garden Sonnenberg Gardens and Mansion, Polly Hill Arboretum Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden Cantigny Park State Historic Park Quarryhill Botanical Garden Denver Botanic Gardens Carleen Bright Arboretum South Texas Botanical Gardens and Nature Center Queens Botanical Garden Desert Botanical Garden Casa del Herrero Springs Preserve Reiman Gardens, Iowa State University Longwood Gardens, Inc. Chadwick Arboretum and Learning Gardens Trustees San Diego Botanic Garden Missouri Botanical Garden Ohio State University University of Guelph Arboretum Scott Arboretum of Swarthmore College Morton Arboretum Chevy Chase Club University of Maryland Arboretum and Sherman Library and Gardens New York Botanical Garden Cheyenne Botanic Gardens Botanical Garden State Arboretum of Virginia, Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden Ventura Botanical Gardens Orland E. White Arboretum United States Botanic Garden PUBLIC GARDEN MAGAZINE VOLUME 32, ISSUE 1, 2017 Back to Table of Contents 351 Longwood Road Kennett Square, PA 19348

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