DOCSLIB.ORG

Amphibia: Caudata: Plethodontidae: Nototriton) from the Montaiias Del Mico of Guatemala

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Amphibia: Caudata: Plethodontidae: Nototriton) from the Montaiias Del Mico of Guatemala 1 November 2000 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 113(3):815-819. 2000. A new species of diminutive salamander (Amphibia: Caudata: Plethodontidae: Nototriton) from the Montaiias del Mico of Guatemala David B. Wake and Jonathan A. Campbell (DB W) Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3160, U.S.A.; (JAC) Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0498, U.S.A. Abstract.-Nototriton stuarti, a new species of salamander belonging to the tribe Bolitoglossini, family Plethodontidae, is described from the Montaiias del Mico, north of the Motagua Valley, in eastern Guatemala. The species is geo- graphically isolated from congeneric species, and represents the northwestern- most record for the genus, which ranges from eastern Guatemala to central Costa Rica. This poorly known species is morphologically most similar to Nototriton barbouri, which occurs in northwestern Honduras. Homoplastic evolution has produced di- Chiropterotriton and all endemic to this minutive, attenuate salamanders in many area, are also diminutive. To the south and different clades of plethodontid salaman- east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, extend- ders in Middle America. These tiny species ing as far as central Costa Rica, diminutive are difficult taxonomically and it has taken species are found in one well-supported much effort to recognize that there are clade (Garcia-Paris & Wake 2000). This many more species than have been named clade includes the genera Cryptotriton, throughout this region. New discoveries Dendrotriton, Nototriton and Oedipina, and and new data have led to taxonomic revi- possibly the poorly known Bradytriton sions that are gradually identifying mono- Wake & Elias 1983 (G. Parra-Olea, pers. phyletic groups, and as this process goes comm.). Oedipina Keferstein 1868 includes forward the generic level taxonomy has some diminutive species, but also some changed repeatedly. This is especially true large and relatively robust, although elon- of the genus Chiropterotriton Taylor, 1944, gated, species. The phylogenetic diversity which as formerly recognized ranged from of this clade is now understood, at least in northeastern Mexico to Costa Rica, but broad outlines. Oedipina and Nototriton ap- which was not monophyletic and now has pear to be the most deeply nested groups been fragmented into four genera (Chirop- (Garcia-Pm’s & Wake 2000), and they are terotriton, Cryptotriton Garcia-Paris & also the most southerly in distribution, ex- Wake, 2000, Dendrotriton Wake & Elias, tending to Ecuador (moderately large spe- 1983, and Nototriton Wake & Elias, 1983). cies of Oedipina occur in South America, At present diminutive plethodontids found Brame & Wake 1963) and central Costa to the north and west of the Isthmus of Te- Rica, respectively. Both occur as far north huantepec are assigned to Chiropterotriton as Guatemala, and Oedipina ranges into (Darda, 1994), but, in addition, all members Chiapas, Mexico. Cryptotriton and Dendro- of the genera Pawimolge Taylor, 1944, Li- triton range from Honduras into Mexico, neatriton Tanner, 1950, and especially the former possibly even north and west of Thorius Cope, 1869, none closely related to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec [the species 816 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Pacific Ocean - 14‘ i - 8’ 92‘ 100 km Fig. 1. Distribution of certain taxa discussed in the text from southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras, showing the location of the type-locality of Nototriton siuarti. The map shows the location and degree of isolation of morphologically and ecologically similar, diminutive salamanders that have proven to represent several dif- ferent smaller clades within a larger clade. Shaded areas on map represent regions with elevations in excess of 2000 m. Cryptotriton adelos (Papenfuss & Wake, clades in different analyses, but the consen- 1987) from northern Oaxaca is tentatively sus view (allozymes plus mtDNA sequenc- assigned to this genus], whereas Bradytri- es) is that it is most closely related to the ton is known only from its type-locality in other Costa Rican species. The second western Guatemala (Fig. 1). clade includes one species described long As revised by Garcia-Paris & Wake ago but still little known biologically, No- (2000), Nototriton includes 11 nominal spe- totriton barbouri (Schmidt, 1936a), from cies, all diminutive (none exceeds 40 mm, northwestern Honduras, and three recently snout-vent length), long-tailed forms that described taxa, Nototriton lignicola Mc- have small to moderately enlarged nostrils. Cranie & Wilson, 1997 and Nototriton lim- Based on molecular data, the genus itself is nospectator McCranie, Wilson, & Polisar, well supported as a monophyletic group, 1998, the first from north-central and the and there are two well-supported internal second from western Honduras, and Noto- clades, one including Costa Rican species, triton brodiei Campbell & Smith, 1998, and the other including species from Hon- from extreme eastern Guatemala (Fig. 1). A duras and Guatemala. The species Nototri- single specimen representing another spe- ton richardi (Taylor, 1949) from Costa Rica cies belonging to this clade was collected (and presumably its Costa Rican sister spe- in the Montaiias del Mico in eastern Gua- cies Nototriton tapanti Good & Wake, temala and at first confused with small 1993) is basal to one or the other of these specimens of sympatric Oedipina elongata VOLUME 113, NUMBER 3 817 (Schmidt, 1936b). Fewer than 50 specimens adult male) of moderate length. The naso- are available for the second clade, but ear- labial protuberances are modest in size and lier taxonomic judgements based on mor- barely protrude below the upper lip. The phology (McCranie & Wilson 1997, Camp- narrow head has eyes of moderate size that bell & Smith 1998, McCranie et al. 1998) are only slightly protuberant, barely extend- have been supported by subsequent molec- ing to the margin of the jaw. The parotoid ular studies (Garcia-Paris & Wake 2000), so glands are distinct but relatively small. The we are confident that this morphologically head is rounded rather than flattened, and is distinct form represents another new spe- little differentiated from the neck and an- cies. terior body. Maxillary teeth are relatively numerous (36 in the holotype, with 4 pre- Nototriton stuarti, new species maxillary teeth), and there are moderate Stuart's Moss Salamander numbers of vomerine teeth (20). The limbs are short (combined limb length SL = Holotype.-UTA A-33686, an adult male 0.35), with narrow hands and feet that bear from 11.6 km (road) WSW Puerto Santo short, poorly developed digits. The digits Tom&, Montaiias del Mico, Depto. Izabal, are partly fused basally and the outer digits Guatemala, 88"40'W, 15'38'N, 744 m elev., are very short. Digits 2 and 3 of the hand collected on 6 Jan 1991 by Jonathan A, and 2, 3, and 4 of the foot are narrow and Campbell. have pointed tips. The tail is long (1.26 Diagnosis.-Nototriton stuarti is a mem- times SVL) and tapered, with little evidence ber of a clade of northern species of Noto- of basal constriction. The tail is stout ba- triton. It differs from all other members of sally and is of the same diameter as the pos- the clade in having a broader head (0.14 terior end of the body. times SL, from tip of snout to posterior an- Measurements of holotype (in mm).- gle of vent, whereas males of other northern Snout-vent length 32.6, tail length 41.2, tail species have the following values: barbouri depth at base 3.3, tail width at base 3.2, 0.12, lignicola 0.1 1, limnospectator 0.1 1) distance between forelimb and hind limb and fewer maxillary teeth (36, versus 48- insertions 19.4, trunk width just posterior to 60 in other northern species). It is further forelimbs 3.7, distance from tip of snout to distinguished from lignicola, limnospecta- gular fold 6.2, head width 4.5, head depth tor, and barbouri by having a larger nostril 2.5, distance between eye and nostril 0.9, (0.012 times SL, versus 0.0054.011 in elliptical nostril 0.4 X 0.2, distance between barbouri, 0.005-0.01 6 in brodiei, 0.006- nostrils I. 1, eye diameter 1.6, interorbital 0.009 in lignicola and 0.003 in limnospec- distance 1.8, forelimb length 5.6, hindlimb tator), although the nostril is small in com- length 5.8, width of hind foot 1.6, third toe parison with some Costa Rican members of length 0.4, fifth toe length 0.1. the genus. It differs from some species in Osteology.-Information has been ob- having longer limbs (combined limb length tained from radiographs of the holotype. 0.35 times SL, versus 0.31-0.33 in brodiei The skull is relatively well developed, and and 0.30-0.34 in lignicola) and narrower in general resembles the skulls illustrated feet (foot width 0.05 times SL, versus 0.06 for Honduran species of the genus by in barbouri and brodiei and in male limno- McCranie et al. (1998), but with some im- spectator) . portant distinctions. The nasals are relative- Description.-This species is known ly large and are fragmented along the an- from a single individual that is about av- terior margin. The nasolacrimal foramen is erage in size for the genus (32.6 mm, SL). clearly evident and is surrounded by bone, It has small nostrils (0.012 times SL) and a but it is unclear if the nasolacrimal duct broadly rounded snout (but narrow for an pierces the prefrontal bone (as in the genus 8 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Cryptotriton) or if the nasal forms the an- sum and are relatively uniform pale gray, terior margin of the foramen and the pre- but there are some obscure whitish spots on frontal the posterior margin (as in some oth- the throat.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CAT Vertebradosgt CDC CECON USAC 2019
    Catálogo de Autoridades Taxonómicas de vertebrados de Guatemala CDC-CECON-USAC 2019 Centro de Datos para la Conservación (CDC) Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas (Cecon) Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala Este documento fue elaborado por el Centro de Datos para la Conservación (CDC) del Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas (Cecon) de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. Guatemala, 2019 Textos y edición: Manolo J. García. Zoólogo CDC Primera edición, 2019 Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas (Cecon) de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala ISBN: 978-9929-570-19-1 Cita sugerida: Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas [Cecon]. (2019). Catálogo de autoridades taxonómicas de vertebrados de Guatemala (Documento técnico). Guatemala: Centro de Datos para la Conservación [CDC], Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas [Cecon], Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala [Usac]. Índice 1. Presentación ............................................................................................ 4 2. Directrices generales para uso del CAT .............................................. 5 2.1 El grupo objetivo ..................................................................... 5 2.2 Categorías taxonómicas ......................................................... 5 2.3 Nombre de autoridades .......................................................... 5 2.4 Estatus taxonómico
    [Show full text]
  • Nototriton Nelsoni Is a Moss Salamander Endemic to Cloud Forest in Refugio De Vida Silvestre Texíguat, Located in the Departments of Atlántida and Yoro, Honduras
    Nototriton nelsoni is a moss salamander endemic to cloud forest in Refugio de Vida Silvestre Texíguat, located in the departments of Atlántida and Yoro, Honduras. This cryptic species long was confused with N. barbouri, a morphologically similar species now considered endemic to the Sierra de Sulaco in the southern part of the department of Yoro. Like many of its congeners, N. nelsoni rarely is observed in the wild, and is known from just five specimens. Pictured here is the holotype of N. nelsoni, collected above La Liberación in Refugio de Vida Silvestre Texíguat at an elevation of 1,420 m. This salamander is one of many herpetofaunal species endemic to the Cordillera Nombre de Dios. ' © Josiah H. Townsend 909 www.mesoamericanherpetology.com www.eaglemountainpublishing.com Amphibians of the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras: COI barcoding suggests underestimated taxonomic richness in a threatened endemic fauna JOSIAH H. TOWNSEND1 AND LARRY DAVID WILSON2 1Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania 15705–1081, United States. E-mail: [email protected] (Corresponding author) 2Centro Zamorano de Biodiversidad, Escuela Agrícola Panamericana Zamorano, Departamento de Francisco Morazán, Honduras; 16010 SW 207th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33187-1067, United States. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The Cordillera Nombre de Dios is a chain of mountains along the northern coast of Honduras that harbors a high degree of herpetofaunal endemism. We present a preliminary barcode reference library of amphibians from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, based on sampling at 10 sites from 2008 to 2013. We sequenced 187 samples of 21 nominal taxa for the barcoding locus cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), and recovered 28 well-differentiated clades.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphibian Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites in Chiapas and Oaxaca
    Amphibian Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites in Chiapas and Oaxaca John F. Lamoreux, Meghan W. McKnight, and Rodolfo Cabrera Hernandez Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 53 Amphibian Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites in Chiapas and Oaxaca John F. Lamoreux, Meghan W. McKnight, and Rodolfo Cabrera Hernandez Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 53 The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or other participating organizations. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland Copyright: © 2015 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Lamoreux, J. F., McKnight, M. W., and R. Cabrera Hernandez (2015). Amphibian Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites in Chiapas and Oaxaca. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. xxiv + 320pp. ISBN: 978-2-8317-1717-3 DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.CH.2015.SSC-OP.53.en Cover photographs: Totontepec landscape; new Plectrohyla species, Ixalotriton niger, Concepción Pápalo, Thorius minutissimus, Craugastor pozo (panels, left to right) Back cover photograph: Collecting in Chamula, Chiapas Photo credits: The cover photographs were taken by the authors under grant agreements with the two main project funders: NGS and CEPF.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-National Conservation of Alligator Lizards
    MULTI-NATIONAL CONSERVATION OF ALLIGATOR LIZARDS: APPLIED SOCIOECOLOGICAL LESSONS FROM A FLAGSHIP GROUP by ADAM G. CLAUSE (Under the Direction of John Maerz) ABSTRACT The Anthropocene is defined by unprecedented human influence on the biosphere. Integrative conservation recognizes this inextricable coupling of human and natural systems, and mobilizes multiple epistemologies to seek equitable, enduring solutions to complex socioecological issues. Although a central motivation of global conservation practice is to protect at-risk species, such organisms may be the subject of competing social perspectives that can impede robust interventions. Furthermore, imperiled species are often chronically understudied, which prevents the immediate application of data-driven quantitative modeling approaches in conservation decision making. Instead, real-world management goals are regularly prioritized on the basis of expert opinion. Here, I explore how an organismal natural history perspective, when grounded in a critique of established human judgements, can help resolve socioecological conflicts and contextualize perceived threats related to threatened species conservation and policy development. To achieve this, I leverage a multi-national system anchored by a diverse, enigmatic, and often endangered New World clade: alligator lizards. Using a threat analysis and status assessment, I show that one recent petition to list a California alligator lizard, Elgaria panamintina, under the US Endangered Species Act often contradicts the best available science.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Environmental Variables Across Plethodontid Salamanders
    Lauren Mellenthin1, Erica Baken1, Dr. Dean Adams1 1Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa Stereochilus marginatus Pseudotriton ruber Pseudotriton montanus Gyrinophilus subterraneus Gyrinophilus porphyriticus Gyrinophilus palleucus Gyrinophilus gulolineatus Urspelerpes brucei Eurycea tynerensis Eurycea spelaea Eurycea multiplicata Introduction Eurycea waterlooensis Eurycea rathbuni Materials & Methods Eurycea sosorum Eurycea tridentifera Eurycea pterophila Eurycea neotenes Eurycea nana Eurycea troglodytes Eurycea latitans Eurycea naufragia • Arboreality has evolved at least 5 times within Plethodontid salamanders. [1] Eurycea tonkawae Eurycea chisholmensis Climate Variables & Eurycea quadridigitata Polygons & Point Data Eurycea wallacei Eurycea lucifuga Eurycea longicauda Eurycea guttolineata MAXENT Modeling Eurycea bislineata Eurycea wilderae Eurycea cirrigera • Yet no morphological differences separate arboreal and terrestrial species. [1] Eurycea junaluska Hemidactylium scutatum Batrachoseps robustus Batrachoseps wrighti Batrachoseps campi Batrachoseps attenuatus Batrachoseps pacificus Batrachoseps major Batrachoseps luciae Batrachoseps minor Batrachoseps incognitus • There is minimal range overlap between the two microhabitat types. Batrachoseps gavilanensis Batrachoseps gabrieli Batrachoseps stebbinsi Batrachoseps relictus Batrachoseps simatus Batrachoseps nigriventris Batrachoseps gregarius Preliminary results discovered that 71% of the arboreal species distribution Batrachoseps diabolicus Batrachoseps regius Batrachoseps kawia Dendrotriton
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting Information
    Supporting Information Rovito et al. 10.1073/pnas.0813051106 SI Text actively searching, and fewer collectors were probably involved. RT-PCR Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Assay. This assay uses spe- The high estimates of search time and number of collectors were cies-specific primers ITS1–3 Chytr and 5.8S Chytr and the probe chosen to provide an extremely conservative estimate of ChytrMGB2 to amplify ITS-1 and 5.8S region (1). DNA was salamander encounter rate, to avoid reporting an artifact as a extracted by using the PrepMan Ultra protocol for DNA extrac- decline in encounter rate. Mean encounter rate per species in the tion (Applied Biosystems). DNA standards (provided by A. D. 1970s and from 2005 to 2007 was compared by using a t test (in Hyatt, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Or- cases of similar sample size) or a Wilcoxon test (in cases of ganisation, Geelong, Australia) were diluted to give 100, 10, and unequal sample sizes) for the highest site on the gradient and at Buena Vista, where sample sizes from 2005 to 2007 were 1 genome equivalents for use in Taqman assay (1). Results from sufficiently large for statistical analyses. the assay are presented quantitatively as the number of genomic Collections from the Buena Vista site were made primarily by equivalents or zoospore equivalents recovered from tissue from local collectors in the past who may have brought salamanders each specimen. from both the upper and lower cloud forest zones. These collectors consistently worked in the same areas, however, Analysis of Historical Field Note Data. The quantity and identifica- justifying the inclusion of these collecting events in a single site.
    [Show full text]
  • Dendrotriton) Sean M
    Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2012) 39, 1251–1265 ORIGINAL Species formation and geographical ARTICLE range evolution in a genus of Central American cloud forest salamanders (Dendrotriton) Sean M. Rovito1,2*, David B. Wake1, Theodore J. Papenfuss1, Gabriela Parra-Olea2, Antonio Mun˜oz-Alonso3 and Carlos R. Va´squez-Almaza´n4 1Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of ABSTRACT California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, USA, Aim Montane Central America offers an ideal system for testing geographical 2Departamento de Zoologı´a, Instituto de Biologı´a, Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de hypotheses of species diversification. We examined how the complex geological Me´xico, AP 70-153 Me´xico, Distrito Federal history of Nuclear Central America has shaped the diversification of a genus of CP04510, Mexico, 3El Colegio de la Frontera cloud-forest-inhabiting salamanders (Dendrotriton). We applied parametric Sur (ECOSUR), San Cristobal de las Casas, models of geographical range evolution to determine the predominant mode of Chiapas, Mexico, 4Museo de Historia Natural, species formation within the genus and to test existing hypotheses of geographical Escuela de Biologı´a, Universidad de San Carlos species formation in the region. de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala, Location Montane cloud forests of Nuclear Central America. Guatemala Methods We estimated a species tree for Dendrotriton using a multi-locus DNA sequence data set and several coalescent methods, and performed molecular dating for divergence events within the genus. We then applied the species-tree estimate to a likelihood-based time-stratified model of geographical range evolution, based on current species distributions and available geological information for Central America. Results Species trees from all methods contain two groups, one corresponding to species from the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes and the other containing all remaining species.
    [Show full text]
  • First Survey of the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Nectandra Cloud Forest Reserve, Alajuela, Costa Rica
    11 2 1570 the journal of biodiversity data February 2015 Check List LISTS OF SPECIES Check List 11(2): 1570, February 2015 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.2.1570 ISSN 1809-127X © 2015 Check List and Authors First survey of the amphibians and reptiles of the Nectandra Cloud Forest Reserve, Alajuela, Costa Rica Sean M. Rovito1, 2*, Thomas J. Devitt1, 3 and Susan Cameron Devitt 4 1 Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70-153, Tercer Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, México, D.F., México 2 Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV, km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera León, CP 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, México 3 Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA 4 Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: We conducted a first survey of the amphibians WGS84 datum), across the continental divide from the and reptiles of the Nectandra Cloud Forest Reserve in June well-known Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve (Figure 2010, during the rainy season in Costa Rica. We found a total 1) in the Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica. The reserve is of 30 species of amphibians and reptiles in 15 families dur- east of the continental divide (Caribbean drainage) in ing our weeklong survey, including 15 frogs, 2 salamanders, the southeast portion of the Cordillera de Tilarán, and 7 lizards, and 6 snakes. We compare our results to those of a has an extent of 130 ha.
    [Show full text]
  • CAUDATA: PLETHODONTIDAE Nototriton Limnospectator Mccranie
    AMPHIBIA: CAUDATA: PLETHODONTIDAE Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. McCranie, J.R. and L.D. Wilson. 2003. Notorriton lirnnospec- totor. Nototriton limnospectator McCranie, Wilson, Polisar Notorriton limnospectntor McCranie, Wilson, and Polisar 1998: 455. Type locality,"the northwestern side of Montafia de Santa BBrbara southwest of San Luis de 10s Planes (14'56'N. 88'08'W), 19 I0 m elevation, Departamento de Santa B&rbara, Honduras." Holotype, Florida Museum of Natural History (UF) 98460, an adult female, collected by J. Polisar, 23 May 1995 (examined by authors). MAP. Distribution of Nototriron lirnnospectator: the circle denotes the type locality and the dot represents a second locality. CONTENT. No subspecies are recognized. DEFINITION. Norotriror~lirnnospectator is a diminutive salamander (SVL 33.0-38.2 mm, 1- = 36.3 k 2.0 mm in five males; 33.6-37.8 mm, x = 35.7 mm in two females) with a short and narrow head (head length/SVL 0.164-0.188, x = 0.180 f 0.009 in males; 0.159-0.161, F =0.160 in females; head width/ SVL0.llO-O.I 18, r = 0.1 14 k0.003 in males; 0.095-0.098, x FIGURE. Adult female Norotriton lin~nospecraror(MVZ 225866). = 0.097 in females).The snout is broadly rounded in dorsal aspect and broadly rounded to rounded in lateral profile. The nostril openings are small (nostril IengthJSVL 0.003 in all seven distinct. Males have cloacal papillae and females have shallow specimens). The labial protuberances are well developed in males cloacal folds (McCranie and Wilson 2002). and weakly developed in females.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionarystudies of Salamanders
    AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO EVOLUTIONARYSTUDIES OF SALAMANDERS DAVIDB. WAKE* CONTENTS der Caudata. Studying organisms from one Introduction ...................................................... 163 perspective can inform and direct investiga- Phylogenetics .................................................... 163 tions that have other goals, and an integra- Hierarchical Approaches .................................. 166 tive approach to organismal evolution can Ontogeny and Phylogeny ................................. 168 result. As evolutionary biologists, our ultimate Recognition of Species ...................................... 170 goal is to understand how biological diversifi- Species Diversity .............................................. 172 cation occurs, and as herpetologists our pri- A Plea for Conservation .................................... 174 mary focus is the whole organism, as exempli- Acknowledgments ............................................ 175 fied by amphibians and reptiles. The examples Literature Cited ............................................... 175 I use are mainly from my own laboratory, be- cause I can see most clearly in these cases how Abstract: This essay is an examination of the ways integration can be achieved. Although this in which seemingly disparate studies focused on a paper is topical in nature, I attempt to provide single, rather small taxon, the Order Caudata, can connections between topics. provide a foundation for development of programs in evolutionary biology. Topics addressed include Any
    [Show full text]
  • From Guatemala, with Miscellaneous Notes on Known Species
    CAMPBELL ET AL. NEW SALAMANDERS (CAUDATA: PLETHODONTIDAE) FROM GUATEMALA, WITH MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON KNOWN SPECIES Jonathan A. CAMPBELL, ERIC N. SMITH, JEFFREY STREICHER, MANUEL E. ACEVEDO, and EDMUND D. BRODIE, JR. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, NO. 200 Ann Arbor, October 13, 2010 ISSN 0076-8405 MISC. PUBL. MUS. ZOOL., UNIV. MICH., NO. 200 P U B L I C A T I O N S O F T H E MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN NO. 200 J. B. BURCH, Editor J. L. PAPPAS, Assistant Editor The publications of the Museum of Zoology, The University of Michigan, consist primarily of two series—the Miscellaneous Publications and the Occasional Papers. Both series were founded by Dr. Bryant Walker, Mr. Bradshaw H. Swales, and Dr. W. W. Newcomb. Occasionally the Museum publishes contributions outside of these series; beginning in 1990 these are titled Special Publications and are numbered. All submitted manuscripts to any of the Museum’s publications receive external review. The Occasional Papers, begun in 1913, serve as a medium for original studies based principally upon the collections in the Museum. They are issued separately. When a sufficient number of pages has been printed to make a volume, a title page, table of contents, and an index are supplied to libraries and individuals on the mailing list for the series. The Miscellaneous Publications, initiated in 1916, include monographic studies, papers on field and museum techniques, and other contributions not within the scope of the Occasional Papers, and are published separately. It is not intended that they be grouped into volumes.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Region MESOAMERICA BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT
    Ecosystem Profile Northern Region Of The MESOAMERICA BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT Belize, Guatemala, Mexico Final version January 15, 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1 THE ECOSYSTEM PROFILE.......................................................................................................1 BACKGROUND............................................................................................................................2 Biological Importance.............................................................................................................................. 2 Socioeconomic Context........................................................................................................................... 3 Progress in Conserving Biodiversity........................................................................................................ 4 CONSERVATION OUTCOMES ...................................................................................................5 Species Outcomes .................................................................................................................................. 6 Site Outcomes......................................................................................................................................... 7 Prioritization of the Key Biodiversity Areas.............................................................................................. 7 Corridor
    [Show full text]