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Pre- and Post-Offence Behaviours of Healthcare Serial Killers As a Confidence Game
Pre- and Post-Offence Behaviours of Healthcare Serial Killers as a Confidence Game by Christine Katherine Lubaszka A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in The Faculty of Social Science and Humanities Criminology University of Ontario Institute of Technology October, 2012 © Christine Katherine Lubaszka, 2012 ABSTRACT Extant literature, while plentiful on the topic of serial homicide in general, does not adequately examine the phenomena of healthcare professionals who serially murder their patients. Using a sample of 58 healthcare serial killers located within North America, South America and Europe between the years of 1970-2010, this study examines notable pre- and post-offence behaviours of healthcare serial killers. Patterns related to offender etiology, victim cultivation, crime scene behaviour and techniques of evasion were explored. The findings from this study suggest that the pre- and post-offence behaviours of healthcare serial killers can be examined from the theoretical framework of confidence men or ‘con men.’ The findings from this study also suggest that healthcare serial killings and offenders who perpetrate them continue to be elusive and warrant additional scholarly attention to reduce their likelihood of engaging in homicide undetected for extended periods of time. Policy implications are also discussed. Keywords: serial homicide, healthcare serial killers, medical murder, clinicide, techniques of evasion, victim cultivation, confidence men, con men i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I wish to extend my sincerest gratitude to my master’s thesis supervisor, Dr. Phillip Shon, for his valuable expertise, support and patience throughout the last two years. From the very beginning of this process Dr. -
Volume 3 – a Strategy for Safety
Public Inquiry into the Safety and Security of Residents in the Long-Term Care Homes System REPORT The Honourable Eileen E. Gillese Commissioner Volume 1 – Executive Summary and Consolidated Recommendations Volume 2 – A Systemic Inquiry into the Offences Volume 3 – A Strategy for Safety Volume 4 – The Inquiry Process Public Inquiry into the Safety and Security of Residents in the Long-Term Care Homes System REPORT The Honourable Eileen E. Gillese Commissioner Volume 1 – Executive Summary and Consolidated Recommendations Volume 2 – A Systemic Inquiry into the Offences Volume 3 – A Strategy for Safety Volume 4 – The Inquiry Process This Report consists of four volumes: 1. Executive Summary and Consolidated Recommendations 2. A Systemic Inquiry into the Offences 3. A Strategy for Safety 4. The Inquiry Process ISBN 978-1-4868-3586-7 (PDF) ISBN 978-1-4868-3582-9 (Print) © Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2019 Disponible en français VOLUME 3 Contents VOLUME 1: Executive Summary and Consolidated Recommendations VOLUME 2: A Systemic Inquiry into the Offences VOLUME 3: A Strategy for Safety Dedication ......................................................... iv Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................... .v Chapter 15: Building Capacity and Excellence in the Long‑Term Care System ...................................... 1 Chapter 16: Building Awareness of the Healthcare Serial Killer Phenomenon ................................... .25 Chapter 17: Deterrence Through Improved Medication Management .................................... 71 Chapter 18: Detecting Intentionally Caused Resident Deaths ............................................. 133 Chapter 19: Suggestions Not Pursued ......................... 173 Appendices ...................................................... 183 Appendix G – A Just Culture Guide ............................... 184 VOLUME 4: The Inquiry Process Dedication Volume 3 of the Report is dedicated to the many nurses and other caregivers who perform their jobs in the long-term care system with great kindness and skill. -
Introduction Healthcare Serial Killers
Introduction Healthcare serial killers (HSKs), sometimes also known as medical murderers (Hickey, 2010) have emerged as a common concern within popular culture and true crime, with various books, documentaries and films all eager to understand what might have motivated, for example, Beverly Allitt, Harold Shipman or Charles Cullen to have taken the lives of their patients (Davis, 1993; Graeber, 2013; Peters, 2005). However, whilst the HSK has been emerging into popular consciousness, academic, criminological research about this type of offender remains somewhat underdeveloped. Even so, a relatively small body of work has begun to identify, map and describe cases of healthcare serial murder (see, for example, Ramsland, 2007; Yorker et al., 2006). Within this academic literature, HSKs have been defined as, “any type of employee in the healthcare system who use their position to murder at least two patients in two separate incidents, with the psychological capacity for more killing” (Ramsland, 2007, pp. xi- xii). Further, it is suggested that these offenders constitute a special subcategory of serial murderer (Ramsland, 2007), and as such should be studied more extensively given the observed increases in the number of arrests and convictions of healthcare employees murdering or attempting to murder patients in their care since the 1970s (Field, 2007; Field & Pearson, 2010; Yorker et al., 2006). Here we should also note that the description angel of death often emerges in popular and more recent academic discussions of HSKs, but that this term and its application have been heavily gendered. This is evident, for example, in Kelleher and Kelleher’s description of an angel of death as, “a woman who systematically murders individuals who are in her care and rely on her for some form of medical attention or similar support” (1998, p. -
An Uninvited Guest: the Federal Death Penalty and the Massachusetts Prosecution of Nurse Kristen Gilbert, 41 U
University of Richmond Law Review Volume 41 | Issue 4 Article 7 5-1-2007 An Uninvited Guest: The edeF ral Death Penalty and the Massachusetts Prosecution of Nurse Kristen Gilbert John P. Cunningham Civil Rights Division, Department of Justice Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.richmond.edu/lawreview Part of the Conflict of Laws Commons, Constitutional Law Commons, Criminal Law Commons, Criminal Procedure Commons, Evidence Commons, Law and Gender Commons, Law and Politics Commons, and the Law and Race Commons Recommended Citation John P. Cunningham, An Uninvited Guest: The Federal Death Penalty and the Massachusetts Prosecution of Nurse Kristen Gilbert, 41 U. Rich. L. Rev. 969 (2007). Available at: https://scholarship.richmond.edu/lawreview/vol41/iss4/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School Journals at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Richmond Law Review by an authorized editor of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AN UNINVITED GUEST: THE FEDERAL DEATH PENALTY AND THE MASSACHUSETTS PROSECUTION OF NURSE KRISTEN GILBERT John P. Cunningham * I. INTRODUCTION These seven victims, ladies and gentlemen, were veter- ans. They protected our country during war and peace. They were vulnerable, due to their physical and mental illnesses. Some were seriously ill. And some had no fam- ily. And because of that ... they were the perfect victims. And when Kristen Gilbert decided to kill them . she used the perfect poison. I Theirs was a vicious and macabre death, foisted upon their de- fenseless bodies by the malevolent and calculated machinations of a serial killer. -
Caring to Death: a Discursive Analysis of Nurses Who Murder Patients
Caring to Death: A Discursive Analysis of Nurses who Murder Patients John Field Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy Discipline of Nursing The University of Adelaide October, 2007 i Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................1 CHAPTER 2 MURDER...................................................................................7 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 8 Thou Shalt Not Kill – the law of homicide........................................................................................ 10 Homicide Defined ............................................................................................................................... 11 The Phenomenon of Murder ............................................................................................................. 15 Murderers ........................................................................................................................................... 20 Medical Murder.................................................................................................................................. 23 The Serial Murderer .......................................................................................................................... 24 Murder by Nurses.............................................................................................................................. -
Medical Murderers the Mystery of the Clarksburg VA Hospital
Medical Murderers The Mystery of the Clarksburg VA hospital Nurse Charles Cullen worked at nine hospitals in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, killing dozens of patients by spiking saline IV bags with deadly doses of drugs physicians did not order and patients did not need. Donald Harvey, who worked as an orderly among other hospital jobs, roamed units at three hospitals in Cincinnati and Kentucky where he killed more than two dozen patients. The health care killers used insulin, heart drugs or poisons such as cyanide. They had access to frail patients on hospital floors. Ultimately, they were convicted of murdering patients under their care. As investigators assemble clues in at least two homicides and at least eight other suspicious deaths at a Clarksburg, West Virginia, Veterans Affairs hospital, past examples of health care workers who killed patients with unneeded medications — including insulin, the drug suspected in the VA deaths — show how difficult such cases can be to detect and prove. Cullen moved from hospital to hospital, taking new jobs when managers began to suspect his deadly ways. Although investigators collected forensic evidence implicating him, prosecutors did not charge him until a fellow nurse, wearing a wire, coaxed a confession. Harvey’s arrest was a matter of luck. He used cyanide to poison a man hospitalized after a motorcycle crash, unwittingly triggering an Ohio law requiring autopsies on all motorcycle fatalities. The medical examiner who performed the autopsy had a genetic ability to smell cyanide, which triggered the investigation. 1 | P a g e In this Sept. 1987 file photo, serial killer Donald Harvey stands before a judge during sentencing in Cincinnati. -
Unusual Punishment: the Federal Death Penalty in the United States
Washington University Journal of Law & Policy Volume 16 Access to Justice: The Social Responsibility of Lawyers | New Federalism January 2004 Unusual Punishment: The Federal Death Penalty in the United States John Brigham University of Massachusetts Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_journal_law_policy Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, and the Criminal Law Commons Recommended Citation John Brigham, Unusual Punishment: The Federal Death Penalty in the United States, 16 WASH. U. J. L. & POL’Y 195 (2004), https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_journal_law_policy/vol16/iss1/11 This New Federalism - Essay is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Journal of Law & Policy by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Unusual Punishment: The Federal Death Penalty in the United States ** John Brigham ABSTRACT This material has been presented at Southern Cross University, the Law and Society meetings in Budapest, the University of Georgia, Victoria University, Melbourne University, and LaTrobe University in Australia. The paper examines the way state and federal legal authority is constituted in the United States by focusing on local jurisdictions that do not have capital punishment as they respond to the federal death penalty. Particular attention is given to both the prosecution of Kristen Gilbert, a nurse who was tried for capital murder in Massachusetts, and research on the federal courts in Puerto Rico. INTRODUCTION While the topic does not lend itself to humor, the federal death penalty is certainly characterized by the bizarre. -
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT of MASSACHUSETTS UNITED STATES of AMERICA ) ) V. ) Cr. No. 01-10384-MLW ) GARY LEE
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ) ) v. ) Cr. No. 01-10384-MLW ) GARY LEE SAMPSON ) MEMORANDUM AND ORDER WOLF, D.J. August 11, 2003 I. BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY Defendant Gary Lee Sampson is charged with two counts of carjacking resulting in death in violation of 18 U.S.C. §2119(3). The Attorney General has filed a notice of his intention to seek the death penalty. Sampson has moved to dismiss the death penalty charges against him and also challenges the government's right to present certain evidence in support of them. Although Sampson raises at least one serious issue, each of his thirteen claims is either without merit or not ripe for resolution. Therefore, his motions to dismiss the death penalty charges and for certain other relief are being denied. The fundamental facts of this case are not in dispute. On July 23, 2001, Sampson, a 41-year old white male who was wanted for committing a series of bank robberies in North Carolina, called the Boston Office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (the "FBI") to ask that the FBI arrest him. The call was received by William Anderson, an FBI employee. Although Sampson reportedly waited in Abington, Massachusetts for the FBI to arrive, he was not arrested. Anderson had disconnected Sampson's call and did not report it to anyone. On July 24, 2001, Phillip McCloskey, a 69-year old white retiree, picked up Sampson, who was hitchhiking. Sampson subsequently murdered McCloskey and attempted to steal his car. On July 27, 2001, Sampson was hitchhiking again. -
Frequencies Between Serial Killer Typology and Theorized Etiological Factors. Leryn R
Antioch University AURA - Antioch University Repository and Archive Student & Alumni Scholarship, including Dissertations & Theses Dissertations & Theses 2016 Frequencies Between Serial Killer Typology and Theorized Etiological Factors. Leryn R. Messori Antioch University Santa Barbara Follow this and additional works at: http://aura.antioch.edu/etds Part of the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Messori, Leryn R., "Frequencies Between Serial Killer Typology and Theorized Etiological Factors." (2016). Dissertations & Theses. 316. http://aura.antioch.edu/etds/316 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student & Alumni Scholarship, including Dissertations & Theses at AURA - Antioch University Repository and Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations & Theses by an authorized administrator of AURA - Antioch University Repository and Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. FREQUENCIES BETWEEN SERIAL KILLER TYPOLOGY AND THEORIZED ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS A dissertation presented to the faculty of ANTIOCH UNIVERSITY SANTA BARBARA in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PSYCHOLOGY in CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY By Leryn Rose-Doggett Messori March 2016 FREQUENCIES BETWEEN SERIAL KILLER TYPOLOGY AND THEORIZED ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS This dissertation, by Leryn Rose-Doggett Messori, has been approved by the committee members signed below who recommend that it be accepted by the faculty of Antioch University Santa Barbara in partial -
Studying Female Serial Killers SUMMER 2016 | VOLUME 20 | NUMBER 4
Understanding Others How Does Your Environment Affect Your Well-Being? Studying Female Serial Killers WWW.PSICHI.ORG SUMMER 2016 | VOLUME 20 | NUMBER 4 EDITOR/ART DIRECTOR Susan Iles [email protected] EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Bradley Cannon [email protected] DESIGNER Janet Reiss Published by Psi Chi, the International Honor Society in Contents | Summer 2016 20 10 Psychology. Founded September 4, 1929, at the Ninth International Congress of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Member of the Association of College Honor Societies. Eye on Psi Chi (ISSN 1092-0803) is pub- lished quarterly by Psi Chi, the International Honor Soci ety in Psychology. All contents ©2016 by Psi Chi. The pub li ca tion schedule fol lows the ac a dem ic year: fall, win ter, spring, and FEATURES summer. All opinions ex pressed in signed ar ti cles are those of the author(s) and do not nec es sar i ly reflect those of the editors and/or Psi Chi. 10 Studying Female ED I TO RI AL OF FICE: Psi Chi Central Office | PO Box 709, Chat ta noo ga, TN 37401 Serial Killers Street Address: 825 Vine Street | Chattanooga, TN 37403 Tele phone: +1-423-756-2044 | Fax: +1-423-265-1529 Marissa A. Harrison, PhD Email: [email protected] | Website: www.psichi.org Penn State Harrisburg (PA) Permission must be obtained from Psi Chi to reprint or adapt a table or figure; to reprint quotations exceeding the limits of fair use from one source, and/or to reprint any portion of poetry, prose, or song lyrics. -
Case 5:01-Cr-00012-Gwc Document 668 Filed 11/16/15 Page 1 of 3
Case 5:01-cr-00012-gwc Document 668 Filed 11/16/15 Page 1 of 3 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF VERMONT UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ) ) VS. ) CRIMINAL 5:01-cr-00012 ) DONALD FELL ) __________________________________ ) DEFENDANT DONALD FELL’S DEFENDANT MOTION TO PRECLUDE THE DEATH PENALTY AS A PUNISHMENT BECAUSE THE DEATH PENALTY, IN AND OF ITSELF, CONSTITUTES AN UNCONSTITUTIONAL PUNISHMENT Now Comes Donald Fell, through his undersigned counsel and moves this Honorable Court for an order dismissing and/or striking the Amended Notice Of Intent To Seek Penalty Of Death. (Doc. 609). For the reasons set forth more fully in the accompanying memorandum in support, the administration of the federal death penalty involves three fundamental constitutional defects: (1) serious unreliability, (2) arbitrariness in application, and (3) unconscionably long delays that undermine the death penalty's penological purpose. Perhaps as a result, (4) most places within the United States have abandoned its use under evolving standards of decency. WHEREFORE, for the reasons described in greater detail in the accompanying Memo- randum, Mr. Fell respectfully requests this Court to dismiss and/or to strike the Amended Notice Of Intent To Seek Penalty Of Death on the ground that the federal death penalty, in and of itself, constitutes a legally prohibited cruel and unusual punishment prohibited by both the Fifth and Eighth Amendments. Case 5:01-cr-00012-gwc Document 668 Filed 11/16/15 Page 2 of 3 Dated at San Francisco, California, this 16th day of November, 2015. Respectfully Submitted, MICHAEL N. BURT KERRY B. -
Inside the Minds of Serial Killers: Why They Kill
P1: xxx ggbd010-fm Ramsland/C9099 July 4, 2006 20:43 Inside the Minds of Serial Killers i P1: xxx ggbd010-fm Ramsland/C9099 July 4, 2006 20:43 ii P1: xxx ggbd010-fm Ramsland/C9099 July 4, 2006 20:43 Inside the Minds of Serial Killers Why They Kill KATHERINE RAMSLAND iii P1: xxx ggbd010-fm Ramsland/C9099 July 4, 2006 20:43 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ramsland, Katherine M., 1953- Inside the minds of serial killers : why they kill / Katherine Ramsland. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–275–99099–0 (alk. paper) 1. Serial murderers—Case studies. 2. Serial murderers—Psychology. 3. Criminal psychology. I. Title. HV6515.R252 2006 364.152 3–dc22 2006015429 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available Copyright © 2006 by Katherine Ramsland All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2006015429 ISBN: 0–275–99099–0 First published in 2006 Praeger Publishers, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.praeger.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 iv P1: xxx ggbd010-fm Ramsland/C9099 July 4, 2006 20:43 Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction ix 1 Jack the Ripper and the History of Serial Murder 1 2Lust 9 3 Omnipotence 21 4 Intellectual