✵ Serial Murderers and Their Victims FIFTH EDITION ERIC W. HICKEY Alliant International University Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Serial Murderers and Their © 2010, Wadsworth, Cengage Learning Victims, Fifth Edition ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the Eric W. Hickey copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used Acquisitions Editor: Carolyn in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, Henderson Meier including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or Assistant Editor: Megan Power information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted Editorial Assistant: John Chell under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Media Editor: Andy Yap Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Marketing Manager: Michelle Williams For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Marketing Assistant: Jillian Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, Myers 1-800-354-9706. For permission to use material from this text or product, Marketing Communications submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions. Manager: Tami Strang Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to Content Project Manager: [email protected]. Pre-Press PMG Art Director: Maria Epes Library of Congress Control Number: 2009927323 Print Buyer: Linda Hsu ISBN-13: 978-4-956-00814-3 Rights Acquisitions Account Manager, Text: Mardell Glinski ISBN-10: 0-495-60081-4 Schultz Rights Acquisitions Account Wadsworth Manager, Image: John Hill 10 Davis Drive Production Service: Belmont, CA 94002-3098 Pre-Press PMG USA Cover Designer: RHDG/ Angelyn Navasca Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning Cover Image: Karen Moskowitz solutions with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local office at www.cengage.com/global. Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. To learn more about Wadsworth, visit www.cengage.com/wadsworth Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.ichapters.com. Printed in the United States of America 12345671312111009 ✵ To the victims, both the living and the dead— may their suffering not be ignored nor forgotten. And to every person who has a passion for the study and application of forensics. And to my four incredible cousins, Diane, Michele, Paula, and Andy. And in memory of Kevin, fondly known as “Muffin Man, K-OS and Kev-Man,” who found great pleasure and security in plastic dinosaurs, colorful balloons, and his loving parents and siblings. ✵ About the Author Eric W. Hickey is currently the Dean of the California School of Forensic Studies (CSFS) at Alliant International University, where he oversees the growth and devel- opment of the largest forensic studies program in the United States. He supervises theses and dissertations involving forensic and criminal psychology. Dr. Hickey has considerable field experience working with the criminally insane, psychopaths, sex offenders, and other habitual criminals. He also has served as an adjunct instructor for the American Prosecutors Research Institute at the National Advocacy Center in Columbia, South Carolina, profiling stalkers and cyber-stalkers. Dr. Hickey earned a Ph.D. in social psychology from Brigham Young University and has taught at State University of West Georgia, Ball State University, Fresno City College, and California State University–Fresno. He teaches a spectrum of forensic courses that include criminal psychology, profiling, criminal personalities, sexual predators and paraphilia, homicide, and victimology. He extensively publishes books, articles, and lectures on the etiology of violence and serial crime. His book, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 4th edition, (Cengage Learning), is used as a teaching tool in universities and by law enforce- ment agencies in studying the nature of violence, criminal personalities, and victim–offender relationships. Another of his books, The Encyclopedia of Murder and Violent Crime (2003, Sage Publishers), explores the phenomenon of murder and violence through the eyes of some of the world’s most noted experts. In 2006, he published Sex Crimes and Paraphilia (Prentice-Hall), a comprehensive ex- amination of sexual perversions, sex offending, and sexual predators. His latest co- authored book, The Myth of a Psychiatric Crime Wave: Public Perception, Juror Research, And Mental Illness (2006, Carolina Academic Press), examines the misper- ceptions and reality of the mentally ill and mentally disordered as criminals. His current research focuses on the development of his theory of relational paraphilic attachment (RPA). He is also writing his first novel, The Crib, a disturbing journey into the minds of psychotics, psychopaths, and the criminally insane. His expertise is regularly sought by the media, including appearances on CNN, Catherine Crier iv ABOUT THE AUTHOR v Live,NPR,Larry King Live, 20/20, A&E Biography, Good Morning America,True TV, History Channel, Discovery, and TLC. He consults with private agencies and testifies as an expert witness in both criminal and civil cases. He is a court-qualified expert in paraphilia, including pedophilia, child molestation, fetishes; stalking; adult rape and sexual assault; vio- lent criminal behavior including robbery, burglary, and homicide (solo and serial). A former consultant to the FBI’s UNABOM Task Force, Dr. Hickey currently assists local, state, and federal law enforcement in training and investigations. This activity includes assisting Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) in devel- oping course material and job aids for investigators. He also conducts seminars for agencies involved in profiling and investigating sex crimes, arson, robbery, homicide, stalking, workplace violence, and terrorism as well as workshops for mental health practitioners. Internationally recognized for his research on multi- ple homicide offenders, Dr. Hickey has conducted seminars in countries throughout Europe, Asia, and North America. He has also trained VIP protec- tion specialists in Israel in profiling stalkers. His research involving hundreds of victims of stalking examines the psychology and classification of stalkers, victim– offender relationships, intervention, and threat assessment. ✵ Contents FOREWORD xv PREFACE xviii 1 Introduction: The Phenomenon of Serial Murder 1 Serial Murder: Fact and Fiction 1 Numbers and Types of Mass Murders and Serial Killings in the United States 7 PROFILE 1.1 Columbine High School Massacre, 1999 10 Mass Murderer Classifications 12 PROFILE 1.2 Mark Barton, Portrait of a Mass Murderer, 1999 18 Differences among Mass, Serial, and Spree Murderers 19 PROFILE 1.3 Virginia Tech Massacre, 2007 20 Defining Homicide, Murder, and Serial Murder 22 PROFILE 1.4 Gary Leon Ridgway, the Green River Killer, 1982–1998 24 Redefining Serial Murder 26 San Antonio Symposium 27 Typologies of Serial Murder 28 Methodology Used in This Book 34 2 Cultural Development of Monsters, Demons, and Evil 37 Cults and the Occult 42 The Notion of Evil 45 PROFILE 2.1 Josef Mengele, 1911–1979 47 vi CONTENTS vii When Evil Embraces Good 49 PROFILE 2.2 Gerard Schaefer Jr., Evil for Evil’s Sake, 1972–1973 50 When Good Embraces Evil 52 3 Psychogenetics of Serial Murderers 53 Psychobiology and Biochemical Theories of Violent Behavior 53 PROFILE 3.1 Arthur John Shawcross, 1972–1990 56 Insanity: Psycho-Legal Issues 58 The M’Naughten Rule 60 The Brawner Rule 60 The Durham Rule 60 Incompetency 61 Mental Disorders and Personality Disorders 61 Dissociative Disorders 63 Psychoanalytic Factors 67 PROFILE 3.2 Eric Smith, 1993 70 Personality Disorders 71 Asperger’s Disorder and the DSM-IV 73 Constructing the Psychopath 74 Dr. Robert Hare and Psychopaths 76 Differentiating the Sociopath, Psychopath, and Primary Psychopath 77 Measuring Criminal Psychopathy 77 PROFILE 3.3 Mr. Carter, a Psychopath Exposed 82 4 Social Construction of Serial Murder 86 Social Structure Theory 87 Social Class Theory 88 Social Process Theory 89 Neutralization Theory 91 Social Control Theory 94 Labeling Theory 95 The Macdonald Triad 96 Family Dynamics and the MacDonald Triad 97 Animal Cruelty 99 Enuresis 101 viii CONTENTS Fire-Setting 101 PROFILE 4.1 Portrait of a Serial Arsonist and Pyromaniac 104 Etiology of Serial Killing 105 Trauma-Control Model of the Serial Killer 106 Observations of a Male Serial Murderer 109 Facilitators 111 PROFILE 4.2 Jeffrey Dahmer, 1978–1991 114 Cyclical Nature of Serial Killing 116 5 Sexual Predators, Paraphilia, and Murder 117 Differentiating Between Sex Offenders and Sexual Predators 117 Sexual Homicides and Paraphilia 118 PROFILE 5.1 Charles Albright, the Eye Ball Serial Killer, 1990–1991 119 A Spectrum of Paraphilia 121 Factors in Paraphilia 123 PROFILE 5.2 The Doctor Rapist 124 PROFILE 5.3 Armin Meiwes, the German Cannibal, 2001 126 PROFILE 5.4 An Auto-Erotic Death 127 PROFILE 5.5 Mary Kay Letourneau, Child Sex Offender 131 PROFILE 5.6 North American Man-Boy Love Association (NAMBLA) 133 Dynamics of Rape and Sexual Assault 135 Rapists Typologies 136 PROFILE 5.7 Melvin Carter, the College Terrace Rapist (Compensatory Rapist) 138 PROFILE 5.8 John Jamelske, Serial Abductor and Rapist 140 PROFILE 5.9 The Night Caller 143 PROFILE 5.10 The Stroker 144 PROFILE 5.11 The Burglar and His