INDEX Numerics Andes Mountains ...... 163 1994 Pacific Storm Survey .... 579 anemometer ...... 97, 240 500mb Annapolis Book of Seamanship .. charts ...... 16 ...... 579 low patterns ...... 158 Antarctic ...... 57, 87 Prog Charts ...... 501 antenna selection ...... 95 A anticylone ...... 92 Abreojos ...... 455 anvil ...... 73, 260 Adianne ...... 309 Arabian Sea ...... 338 aerobatic glider ...... 23 Atlantic Africa basin ...... 337, 345 Angola ...... 340 High ...... 486 northwest coast ...... 330, 333 hurricane season ...... 345 typical fax chart ...... 324 weather patterns ...... 162 West Sahara drought (impact on Austral Islands .....21, 274, 302, 540 hurricanes) ...... 347 Australia 62, 114, 229, 343, 513, 573 Aghulas current ... 57, 523, 526, 530 Freemantle ...... 516 aircraft Met Service ...... 250, 272, 573 data ...... 366 National Meteorological fly-throughs ...... 214 Operations Centre ...... 25 reconnaissance ...... 377 Australian/Southeast Indian basin reports ...... 78 ...... 345 Alaska ...... 161, 491 Australian/Southwest Pacific Aleutian Islands ...... 501 basin ...... 338, 343 Anchorage ...... 87 Aviation Model ...... 79 Gulf of Alaska 188, 314, 489, 491, B ...... 502 B&G ...... 283 Kodiak Island ...... 161 Background Data ...... 18 ...... 525 Bahamas ...... 346 Alkin, Martin ...... 26 Baja California ...... 79, 103, 453 Alpert, Jordan ...... 24 Pacific Coast ...... 465 altocumulus ...... 70, 71 balloons ...... 78 altostratus ...... 44, 71, 354 band conditions ...... 95 American Practical Navigator 579 Bangladesh ...... 343 Anchorage ...... 87 barometer ...... 58, 282

582 INDEX

calibration ...... 52, 62, 97 Los Angeles ...... 314 electric ...... 561 Monterey ...... 513 recording ...... 19, 50, 274, 561 Ojai ...... 25 relative reading ...... 63 Point Loma ...... 450 Bay of Bengal ...... 338 Point Reyes ...... 102, 447, 503 Bay of Islands ...... 62, 229 Camp Springs, Maryland ...... 76 BBC ...... 427 Canada ...... 115, 129, 309, 510, 533 Bent-Back Warm Fronts ..211, 559 Gulf of St. Lawrence ...... 160 Beowulf .20, 62, 208, 263, 270, 301, Hudson Bay ...... 136 417, ...... 423 Labrador ...... 510 powering capabilities ...... 426 Maritimes ...... 136, 147 Bermuda ...... 205 Newfoundland ...... 147, 160 Bessko, Melinda ...... 26 Northwest Territories ...... 161 Beveridge Nova Scotia ...... 227, 530, 554 Todd and Emma ...... 26 Ontario ...... 146 Big Sur coastline ...... 513 Vancouver ...... 309 Black Southeaster ...... 525 Vancouver Island ...... 491 blocking ridge ...... 165 Canary Islands ...... 201 Blue Shadow ...... 309 Cape Egmont ...... 286 BOC ...... 202 Cape Horn ...... 163 Boemo, Peter ...... 25 Cape Maria Van Diemen ...... 286 Bonifacio ...... 246 Cape Nelson ...... 339 Boston ...... 102 Cape Reign ...... 286 Bowditch ...... 352 Cape Town ...... 338 British Admiralty sailing capping ridge ...... 167 directions ...... 538 Caribbean ...... 201, 316, 337, 542 British Isles ...... 137 hurricanes ...... 347 Bruce, Peter ...... 579 Carter, Dick ...... 453 buoys Cedros Island ...... 456 data ...... 366 Central America 333, 417, 425, 442 remote sensing ...... 13 Central and Eastern Atlantic .. 109 Burma ...... 343 Central Computer Operations .79 Burr, Christopher ...... 24, 316 central dense overcast pattern 390 Buster ...... 524, 527 Central Pacific ...... 186 C Chesneau, Lee 24, 84, 130, 212, 475, Cabo San Lucas ...... 352, 454, 458 ...... 481, 547 California ...... 161, 271, 423 China ...... 342 Cambria ...... 509 Choate, Denis ...... 453

583 INDEX circle ...... 309 cut-off lows ...... 166 cirrocumulus ...... 68, 69 Cutting Across the High ...... 505 cirrostratus ...... 44, 69, 354 cyclogenesis ...... 329, 559 cirrus 55, 67, 171, 172, 217, 346, 349, cyclones ...... 92, 328 ...... 362, 368, 385, 400, 410, 456, 559 D climatological models ...... 329 Davis, Steve ...... 25 cloud progression ...... 50 deep frontal system ...... 55 cloud signatures ...... 183 deepening low ...... 92 Clute, Heather ...... 454 Deerfoot Series ...... 19 Cocos Keeling ...... 18 delta alarms ...... 561 Cold front signs ...... 45 dense fog ...... 94 Coles, K. Adlard ...... 579 Department of Defense polar comma signature clouds ..227, 559 orbiting satellites ...... 316 complex lows ...... 92 depression compression gale ...... 505 reaching across ...... 210 compression zones ...... 114, 233 running before ...... 207 computer modeling ...... 79 Destiny ...... 244 conservation of angular developing gale ...... 93 momentum ...... 33 divergence ...... 472 constant pressure surface ...... 131 doldrums ...... 31, 37, 259, 312, 544 continuity forecasting ...... 131 downdraft ...... 61, 263 convective activity ...... 44 downslope winds ...... 517 convergence zone ...... 285 dry adiabitic lapse rate ...... 258 Cook’s Strait ...... 513 Duncan, Jim ...... 580 Corenman, Jim ...... 25, 250 Durban ...... 51, 57, 526 and Sue ...... 241 Dvorak ...... 363, 379, 391 Coriolis effect .36, 40, 59, 113, 126, Dvorak Technique 24, 317, 341, 366 317, ...... 336, 348, 516 E Cray 90 supercomputer ...... 79 East London ...... 525 Crossing Tactics ...... 544 Eastern Atlantic Cruise Planning ...... 536 hurricanes ...... 347 Cruising Highs ...... 307 Eastern North Atlantic ...... 164 cumulonimbus 45, 72, 73, 261, 349, Eastern Pacific . 111, 167, 330, 336, ...... 355 342, ...... 437 cumulus 55, 66, 73, 74, 283, 349, 354, hurricanes ...... 347 ...... 514, 545 typical fax chart ...... 324 Curved Band (Coiling) Stage 377 Eastern Seaboard 201, 341, 471, 475, curved-band pattern ...... 383, 390

584 INDEX

...... 531 forecasting El Nino ...... 271, 284, 423, 537 budget for tools ...... 560 El Nino/Southern Oscillation Forecasting 500mb Behavior 170 (ENSO) ...... 347 Forecasting in Three Dimensions enhanced infrared imagery ....368, ...... 118 379, ...... 385 Fort Lauderdale ...... 19 ENSO ...... 347 freak waves ...... 58 EPIRB ...... 233 Freemantle ...... 516 equator ...... 103 French Polynesia ...... 21, 271 equinoctal gale seasons ...... 32, 218 frontal cloud band ...... 103 European Medium Range Forecast frontogenesis ...... 90 Model ...... 79 frontolysis ...... 90 explosive cyclogenesis ...... 526 fronts ...... 40 Extratropical Forecasting Process full disc satellite images ...... 546 ...... 76 Furuno extratropical low ...... 303 #207 ...... 502 F #208 ...... 98, 561 Faran, Louis ...... 25 G Farewell Spit ...... 286 gales (seasonal changes) ...... 32 Fastnet Race of 1979 ...... 47 Gallant Cavalier ...... 243 fax charts ...... 285, 434 Georgia ...... 115 feathers ...... 54 geostrophic wind scale ...... 108 Feit, Dave ...... 24, 76, 130 Gibbons, Arnold ...... 3 Fiji ...... 231, 271, 343, 573 Gibraltar ...... 136 Fiji Times ...... 244 Gitana ...... 453, 456, 459, 464, 467 Suva ...... 286 Globe Wirelss ...... 419 Weather Centre ...... 240 GOES ...... 369 filling low ...... 92 Gough Island ...... 524 Findlay, Richard ...... 26 GPS ...... 275, 567 Florida gradients ...... 91, 110 Fort Lauderdale ...... 19 Great Barrier Island ...... 274 Keys ...... 85 Great Lakes ...... 146, 150, 479, 554 lightning ...... 268 great-circle route ...... 309 Miami ...... 84, 342, 461 Greece ...... 241 Talahassee ...... 573 Greenland ...... 159, 483, 553 Fog ...... 93, 101, 509 GRIB files ...... 570 Forecast Branch of the NWS ground tackle ...... 560 Marine Prediction Center ..76, 130 gryoscope ...... 33

585 INDEX

Guam ...... 573 text forecast ...... 79 Guererro, Uriel ...... 454 Hilgenberg, Herb ...... 3 Guide to Facsimile Stations ... 579 HLI Systems ...... 25 Gulf Harbor ...... 272 Honey, Stan ...... 26 Gulf of Alaska ..188, 314, 489, 491, Hong Kong ...... 342 ...... 502 hooks (on cirrus) ...... 68 Gulf of California ...... 470 Hudson Bay ...... 136 ...... 329 Hunter, Ian ...... 25, 523 Gulf of Mexico ...... 337, 531 Hurricane ...... 101, 328, 336, 428 Gulf of Panama ...... 268 Anita ...... 381 Gulf of St. Lawrence ...... 160 Bonnie ...... 330, 408 Gulf Stream ..19, 115, 530, 542, 555 Danielle ...... 365, 475 North Wall ...... 530 David ...... 332 gust factors ...... 60 Debbie ...... 370 H Donna ...... 85 half-wave dipole ...... 95 eye ...... 362, 379, 390, 459 halos (sun and moon) ...... 69 eye wall ...... 351, 356 ham nets ...... 97 Fran ...... 346 ham radio ...... 62, 96, 353 Georges ...... 324 e-mail system ...... 242 holes ...... 365, 542 forecasters ...... 3 Hugo ...... 368 Hammond, Mike ...... 25 hunter aircraft ...... 328, 341 Having a Feel for the Weather 14 Jeanne ...... 325 Hawaii 161, 309, 430, 490, 491, 502 Joe ...... 368 Hanalei Bay ...... 311 Keli ...... 278, 284, 295 Honolulu ...... 62, 446 life cycle ...... 348 Kauai (North shore) ...... 309 Linda 428, 431, 436, 437, 438, 442, Lahaina ...... 502 445 Maui ...... 503 Marty ...... 436 Pearl Harbor ...... 87, 343 Marty/Linda ...... 440 Hawley, Chuck ...... 26 Mitch ...... 547 ...... 443 445 453 head winds ...... 201, 202 Nora , , Oliwa ...... 344 Heart of Gold ...... 241, 249 risk of recurving ...... 336 Heavy Weather Sailing ...... 579 high pressure systems Saffir-Simpson Scale ...... 347 Stella ...... 488, 491, 502 life cycle ...... 37 structure ...... 335 high seas radio ...... 13, 81, 308, 460 Hurricane Avoidance Tactics .396 operator ...... 419

586 INDEX

I katabatic wind ...... 110 Ianiev, George ...... 558 Katabatic winds ...... 517 ice crystals ...... 69 Kauai ...... 309 Iceland ...... 135, 160, 165 Kauwau Island ...... 274 icing ...... 101 Kela ...... 58 India ...... 343 Kenya ...... 343 ...... 18, 163, 241, 573 Keri-Keri radio ...... 62, 235 tradewinds ...... 537 Kinko’s ...... 25 Indonesia ...... 343 Kiwitech ...... 570 infrared satellite (temperature) Klee, Lloyd ...... 240 sensors ...... 351 Kodiak Island ...... 161 Inmarsat ...... 77, 81, 318, 342 Korea ...... 342 Instant Weather Forecasting ...579 Kotsch, William J...... 580 intensifying low ...... 92 KVM ...... 446 Intercoastal Waterway ...... 555 Kyushu current ...... 530 Intermezzo ...... 18, 339, 524, 545 L Intermezzo ll ...... 19 La Nina ...... 271, 537 Internet 3, 97, 102, 179, 253, 330, 342, La Paz ...... 454 360, 367, 408, 420, 460, 569, 571, 578 Labrador ...... 510 Suggested Web Sites ...... 572 Lahaina ...... 502 Vis5D ...... 575 Lamarr, Keith ...... 26 ionosphere ...... 95 land mass compression ...... 513 Ireland ...... 160 Lawrence, Miles ...... 24, 341 isobar ...... 47, 56, 247, 275, 276 lee shore ...... 301 closed ...... 232 lightning ...... 268 compression ...... 199 Linda ...... 431 spacing ...... 110, 277 Linde, Oscar ...... 26 isotachs ...... 326 line squalls ...... 266 ITCZ 37, 259, 271, 312, 315, 329, 339, Lochner, Doug ...... 25 ...... 426, 544, 545 Los Angeles ...... 314 Iverson, Nancy ...... 24 low pressure systems J life cycle ...... 38 Japan ...... 161, 342, 475, 491 Low Pressure Tactics ...... 193 jet stream ...... 182, 308, 336 M K MacDavitt, Bob ...... 25 Kamchatka ...... 151 MacGregor, Ian ...... 25 Kansas ...... 167 Madagascar ...... 343

587 INDEX

Magdalena Bay ...... 454 Magdalena Bay ...... 454 Malololailai ...... 62 Mazatlan ...... 461 mares’ tails ...... 354 Punta Estrecho ...... 461 Marine Forecast Branch ...... 147 Punta Pequena ...... 453 Marine Prediction Center ...24, 83, Revillagigedo Islands ...... 461 212, ...... 316, 475, 488, 496, 547, 572 San Juanico ...... 453, 462 Marine Scene Magazine ...... 240 Socorro Island ...... 461 Maritime Institute of Technology Southern Mexico ...... 417 and Graduate Studies ...... 88 Turtle Bay ...... 456 Markell, Jeff ...... 580 Miami ...... 84, 342, 461 Marquesas ...... 418, 453, 540 microbursts ...... 268 Nuka Hiva ...... 423 Miles Lawrence ...... 357 Massachusetts Minkwitz, Andrew ...... 502 Boston ...... 102 MITAGS ...... 88 Maui ...... 503 moderate lows ...... 92 Mauritius ...... 51, 343, 528 Mohr, Anthony ...... 26 maxima ...... 135, 151, 159, 168 moisture vorticity ...... 87 Mazatlan ...... 461 Monterey ...... 513 McDavitt, Bob ...... 230, 580 Morse fleet code ...... 246 Mediterranean ...... 86, 109, 523 Mozambique ...... 343 Medium Range Forecast model .. MRF ...... 79, 488 79, ...... 85, 317 Mystral ...... 247 Menorca ...... 246 N Mercator projection charts ..... 139 Nadi Weather ...... 232, 244, 286 Met Service Yacht Pack ..230, 580 Naranjo, Ralph ...... 25 meteorological bomb 150, 159, 169, narrow beam satellite soundings ...... 232, 490 ...... 78 warning signs ...... 247 National Hurricane Center 85, 316, Meteorology and Oceanography ...... 342 Center ...... 86 Tropical Prediction Center ....24, Mexico 242, 337, 361, 425, 454, 456, 419, ...... 572 ...... 537 National Weather Service 24, 367, Abreojos ...... 455 461, ...... 573 Baja California ...... 79, 103, 453 Navy Model ...... 79 Cabo San Lucas ...... 352, 454, 458 Near Land ...... 513 Cedros Island ...... 456 NESDIS ...... 24, 87, 367 Gulf of California ...... 470 nets ...... 96 Gulf of Mexico ...... 337, 531 New Caledonia ...... 232, 285

588 INDEX

New England ...... 531, 553 Halloween storm ...... 211 New York City ...... 84 High ...... 309, 442 New Zealand 21, 62, 114, 163, 182, Northeast Pacific basin .... 337, 345 229, 247, 248, 270, 271, 343, 417, 423 Northern Europe ...... 201 Auckland ...... 62, 229, 270, 272 Northern Sahara Desert ...... 329 Bay of Islands ...... 62, 229 Northwest Pacific ...... 343 Cape Egmont ...... 286 Northwest Pacific basin .337, 342, Farewell Spit ...... 286 ...... 345 Great Barrier Island ...... 274 Norwegian model 46, 211, 217, 255, Gulf Harbor ...... 272 ...... 559 Kauwau Island ...... 274 Norwegian Sea ...... 160 Malololailai ...... 62 Nova Scotia ...... 227, 530, 554 North Island ...... 513 Nuka Hiva ...... 423, 450 New Zealand Met Service 25, 47, Nuka Hiva to San Diego . 104, 423 231, ...... 272, 273, 301, 572 O Newfoundland ...... 147, 160 occlusion ...... 43, 212 Nieue ...... 293 front ...... 91 nimbostratus ...... 44, 71 low ...... 56 nimbus ...... 66 Ocean Services Unit ...... 88 NMC (Point Reyes) ...... 137 Oceanroutes, Inc...... 87 NMF (Boston) ...... 137 OCENS satellite direct system .... NOAA ...... 111, 328, 344, 356, 367 566, ...... 569 Environmental Modeling Center Offshore Cruising Encyclopedia ...... 24 ...... 270 Hurricane Tracking center ...357 Ohio ...... 159 NESDIS ...... 24 Onboard Prediction ...... 48 NOGAPS ...... 317 Ontario ...... 146 Nolt, Jim ...... 82 Oregon ...... 311 Nora ...... 445 Orion ...... 240 Norfolk ...... 86 P Norseman 447 ...... 244 Pacific North Africa ...... 329, 330 High .. 107, 436, 444, 498, 504, 513 North and South Poles ...... 31 weather patterns ...... 162 North Atlantic ....201, 255, 329, 337 Pacific Northwest 161, 185, 313, 491 North Carolina ...... 115 Pakistan ...... 343 Asheville ...... 24 Panama (Gulf of) ...... 268 North Indian basin .... 338, 343, 345 Papeete ...... 352 North Pacific 160, 423, 426, 492, 502

589 INDEX

Papua New Guinea ...... 339 Point Loma ...... 450 lightning ...... 268 Point Reyes ...... 102, 447, 503 Partain, James ...... 24 polar fronts ...... 36 passages polar orbiting satellite ...... 78 Bonafacio to Menorca ...... 246 polar regions ...... 31 Europe to U.S...... 550 Polynesia ...... 537 Fiji to New Zealand ...... 62, 229 ...... 524 Hanalei to Pacific Northwest .... pressure centers (finding) ...... 64 ...... 313 pressure gradient ...... 48 Hanalei to Southern California primary swell direction ...... 94 ...... 313 prognosis charts ...... 98, 112 Hawaii to Los Angeles ...... 314 Prosis, Scott ...... 81 Hawaii to mainland ...... 490 Punta Estrecho ...... 461 Japan to U.S...... 490 Punta Pequena ...... 453 Kauai to San Francisco ...... 309 Q Lahaina to San Fransisco ..... 502 Queen’s Birthday Storm .... 25, 64, Marquesas Islands to San Diego 211, ...... 229, 238, 285, 579 ...... 423 R New Caledonia to New Zealand radar ...... 260 ...... 242 enclosed antenna ...... 563 New Zealand to Fiji and Tonga open array ...... 563 ...... 272 return ...... 266 New Zealand to Rarotonga .. 274 Radio Forecasts ...... 94 Northern Europe to U.S. East radiofax ...... 528 Coast ...... 201 to Western Europe radome ...... 562 rain bands or U.S...... 523 round vs. U-shaped ...... 564 Tonga to New Zealand ...62, 229 rain bar ...... 400 U.S. East Coast to Europe .. 201, rain clutter ...... 260 203, ...... 210, 550 ...... 306 Pearl Harbor ...... 87, 343 Rairua Penn State Offshore Weather Data Raivavai ...... 21, 283, 301, 305 ...... 301 302 ...... 573 Rangiroa , ...... 62 246 274 293 performance tables ...... 422 Rarotonga , , , ...... 562 Perry, Bob ...... 502 Raytheon 41X radar ...... 66 Philippines ...... 342, 367 Reading the Clouds ...... 523 544 Pin Oak Digital ...... 419 , ...... 25 Pittman, Knowles ...... 26 Renno, Nilton

590 INDEX

Return From Hawaii ...... 502 satellite images ...... 85, 98, 103 Reunion Island ...... 343 scatterometer ...... 78 Revillagigedo Islands ...... 461 Schroeder, Skip ...... 26 revolving storms ...... 328 Schumacher 50 ...... 243 rhumb line ...... 237 Scotland ...... 135, 160 Rice, Bob ...... 417, 423, 428 scud ...... 71 Richards Bay ...... 524 sea state ...... 98 Richardson, Duane ...... 454 sea surface temperature ..332, 334, RNZAF (Air Force) Orions ....240 ...... 357 Robertson Autopilot ...... 458 Seattle ...... 88, 313 Rocky Mountains ...... 162 Secondary Depressions ...... 46 Rota ...... 86 secondary lows ...... 64 Rousmaniere, John ...... 579 Selkirk Carrier ...... 558 Royal Ocean Racing Club Manual Severe Weather Review ...... 558 of Weather at Sea ...... 580 shallow lows ...... 92 Rubin, Louis D. Sr...... 580 Shapiro/Kaiser model ...... 46 S shear pattern ...... 384, 391 Safety of Life at Sea Agreements ship reports ...... 77, 221, 316 ...... 77 short wave radio ...... 96, 427 Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale . short wave trough ...... 148 ...... 347 Shumacher, Carl ...... 241 Saga 43 ...... 502 Sienkiewicz, Joe .. 24, 80, 130, 215, sail damage, cost ...... 560 ...... 475 sail-handling error ...... 269 single sideband radio 285, 342, 419, Sailor’s Weather Guide, ...... 580 ...... 454, 577 San Diego ...... 423, 436, 450, 509 sling psychrometer ...... 512 San Francisco ....111, 187, 309, 311, Society Islands ...... 270, 347 502, ...... 516 Socorro Island ...... 461 San Juanico ...... 453, 462 Software Systems Consulting 568, Sat C ....275, 288, 295, 417, 424, 570 569 modem ...... 286, 418, 428 solar heating ...... 538 reciever ...... 285 SOLAS ...... 77 terminal ...... 423 sonar buoy ...... 240 Satellite Direct Receivers 217, 565 South Africa ...... 57, 544 e-mail ...... 419 Algoa Bay ...... 525 equipment ...... 360, 367 Cape Peninsula ...... 527 Satellite Direct Suppliers ...... 569 Cape Town ...... 338 Weather Routing Software ..570 Durban ...... 51, 57, 526

591 INDEX

East London ...... 525 steady state winds ...... 60 Gough Island ...... 524 storm canvas ...... 560 Met Bureau ...... 25, 523 ...... 136 Port Elizabeth ...... 524 stratocumulus ...... 354 Richards Bay ...... 524 stratus ...... 44, 66, 71, 527 South America ...... 163, 546 streamlines ...... 326 South Atlantic ...... 338, 339 subtropical depressions South Carolina ...... 115 direction of travel ...... 49 South China Sea ...... 337 subtropical high pressure areas 36 South Pacific .....163, 230, 241, 265, subtropical lows ...... 115 276, ...... 347, 471, 537, 544 Sundeer ...... 19, 263, 310, 311, 312 Southeast Indian/Australian basin Sundeer 64 ...... 58 338, ...... 343 supercomputers ...... 13 southerly busters ...... 51 super typhoon ...... 344 Southern California 310, 313, 314, surface chart ...... 106 442, ...... 451 surface forecasts ...... 78, 90 Southern Hemisphere ...... 55 Surface Prog Charts ...... 488 hurricane ...... 349 surface sea temperature ...... 98 summer ...... 284 Sutter, Pete ...... 246 Southern Indian Ocean ...... 51 Suva ...... 286 ..57, 163, 255, 281, swell ...... 63 ...... 523 synoptic charts ...... 98 Southwest Indian basin ...... 338 T Spain ...... 167 Tahiti ...... 270, 305 Rota ...... 86 Papeete ...... 352 Special Situations ...... 523 Talahassee ...... 573 squall line ...... 73 Tasman Sea .62, 114, 229, 270, 513 Squalls ...... 61, 256, 334, 545 Taylor, Kim ...... 579 squash zone ...50, 64, 114, 237, 255, Thailand ...... 342, 343 276, ...... 506, 534 thunderheads ...... 258, 268, 456 Sri Lanka ...... 343 thunderstorms ...... 268, 363 SSB ...... 3, 15, 62, 96, 353, 419 Titanic ...... 77 e-mail ...... 420 Tolman, Hank ...... 24 weather reports ...... 238 Tompkins, Warwick ...... 26, 502 Starpath School of Navigation 580 Tonga ...... 231, 271, 285, 293 station NMC ...... 503 regatta ...... 242 stationary fronts ...... 46, 91 Tongatapu ...... 243 stationary trough ...... 107 tradewinds 37, 73, 201, 259, 261, 274,

592 INDEX

...... 280, 301, 423, 487, 504, 537, 550 U.S. Joint Typhoon Warning belt ...... 115, 231 Center (JTWC) ...... 343 Northeast ...... 310, 427, 433 U.S. Naval Academy ...... 26 Trimble Sat C modem ...... 419 U.S. Navy ...... 85, 87, 573 Tropical Analysis and Forecast Operational Global Atmospheric Branch ...... 316 Prediction System ...... 317 tropical cyclogenesis ...... 559 Western Oceanography Center tropical depression ...... 101, 103 ...... 343 tropical disturbance ...... 331 ULDB ...... 453 Tropical Forecasting ...... 316 United Kingdom ...... 129 tropical lows ...... 35, 64, 115 surface chart ...... 108 tropical North Pacific ...... 423 University of Arizona ...... 25 Tropical Prediction Center 24, 85, University of Hawaii ...... 573 184, ...... 341, 408, 419, 446, 461, 572 University of Wisconsin ...... 85 tropical South Pacific ...... 343, 426 UNIX ...... 575 Tropical Storm updraft ...... 61, 263 (see also: Hurricane)...... 101, 336 upper level vorticity ...... 85 Gert ...... 382, 383 Upper-Level Charts ...... 128 Marty ...... 435 Long Waves ...... 139 Tropical to Extratropical upper-level synoptic charts ...... 98 Transition of Hurricanes ...... 471 Using a Weather Router ...... 417 tropical wave ...... 94 USS Guam ...... 86 troposphere ...... 132 UTC Atlantic forecast ...... 82 troughs ...... 136, 286, 298 UTC Pacific surface analysis .. 81 Tuamotu Islands ...... 301, 347 V Tucson ...... 268 Vancouver ...... 309 Turner, David ...... 25 Vancouver Island ...... 491 Turtle Bay ...... 456, 464 Vanuatu ...... 231, 242 typhoons ...... 328 vessel data ...... 366 U Viet Nam ...... 86 U.K. Met. Office ...... 25 virga ...... 61 Web site ...... 572 Virgin Islands ...... 205 U.S. Coast Guard Vis5D ...... 25, 380, 575 Boston station ...... 102 VOA ...... 434 Ice Patrol ...... 573 volcano eruption ...... 536 Point Reyes station ...... 102 vorticity ...... 575 U.S. Government sailing directions ...... 538

593 INDEX

W Whitbread ...... 202 Wallace, Carla ...... 24 Wiedeman, Rudi ...... 26 warm front ...... 90 Williams, Jack ...... 580 cirrostratus ...... 69 Williams, Kent ...... 26 signs ...... 44 Wilson, Marty and Marge ...... 58 signs of approach ...... 192 wind arrows ...... 54, 110 Warm Fronts ...... 43 wind direction ...... 59 Washington (Seattle) ...... 88, 313 wind feathers ...... 101, 107, 108, 111 Watanabe ...... 379 wind field (around squall system) ...... 262 water-vapor imagery ...... 386, 556 wind force (factors affecting) ..48 Watts, Alan ...... 579, 580 wind forecasts ...... 60 wave period ...... 63 wind strength ...... 48 Weather at Anchor ...... 301 wind waves ...... 63 Weather Book ...... 580 wind-field data ...... 366 weather fax 13, 19, 95, 98, 179, 199, Windshadow ...... 545 232, 272, 308, 331, 365, 417, 545, 577 Working with Local Forecasters . Weather for the Mariner ...... 580 ...... 556 Weather Forecasting Tools .... 560 World Meteorological ...... 580 Weather Handbook Organization ...... 76, 343, 573 Weather Radar ...... 562 World of Amateur Radio ...... 246 weather relays ...... 96 WWV ...... 79, 96, 507 Weather Reports ...... 26 Wyman, Dave ...... 26 Weather Trainer ...... 580 X Weather Window .... 417, 423, 437, Xerox Docutech ...... 25 440, ...... 443, 549 Z Weather Wizard’s Cloud Book ... zonal flows ...... 501 ...... 580 weatherfax ...... 353 Weems and Plathe recording barometer ...... 52 West Indies ...... 201, 206, 338 Western Atlantic ...... 370 Western Europe ...... 159, 164, 523 Western Pacific . 167, 344, 471, 501 Westsail 32 ...... 249 wet adiabitic rate ...... 259 WH Autopilot ...... 280, 433 What Creates the Weather ...... 29

594