Technical Commentary on Greenpeace Report
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Diamondoid Mechanosynthesis Prepared for the International Technology Roadmap for Productive Nanosystems
IMM White Paper Scanning Probe Diamondoid Mechanosynthesis Prepared for the International Technology Roadmap for Productive Nanosystems 1 August 2007 D.R. Forrest, R. A. Freitas, N. Jacobstein One proposed pathway to atomically precise manufacturing is scanning probe diamondoid mechanosynthesis (DMS): employing scanning probe technology for positional control in combination with novel reactive tips to fabricate atomically-precise diamondoid components under positional control. This pathway has its roots in the 1986 book Engines of Creation, in which the manufacture of diamondoid parts was proposed as a long-term objective by Drexler [1], and in the 1989 demonstration by Donald Eigler at IBM that individual atoms could be manipulated by a scanning tunelling microscope [2]. The proposed DMS-based pathway would skip the intermediate enabling technologies proposed by Drexler [1a, 1b, 1c] (these begin with polymeric structures and solution-phase synthesis) and would instead move toward advanced DMS in a more direct way. Although DMS has not yet been realized experimentally, there is a strong base of experimental results and theory that indicate it can be achieved in the near term. • Scanning probe positional assembly with single atoms has been successfully demonstrated in by different research groups for Fe and CO on Ag, Si on Si, and H on Si and CNHCH3. • Theoretical treatments of tip reactions show that carbon dimers1 can be transferred to diamond surfaces with high fidelity. • A study on tip design showed that many variations on a design turn out to be suitable for accurate carbon dimer placement. Therefore, efforts can be focused on the variations of tooltips of many kinds that are easier to synthesize. -
Industrial Ecology: a New Perspective on the Future of the Industrial System
Industrial Ecology: a new perspective on the future of the industrial system (President's lecture, Assemblée annuelle de la Société Suisse de Pneumologie, Genève, 30 mars 2001.) Suren Erkman Institute for Communication and Analysis of Science and Technology (ICAST), P. O. Box 474, CH-1211 Geneva 12, Switzerland Introduction Industrial ecology? A surprising, intriguing expression that immediately draws our attention. The spontaneous reaction is that «industrial ecology» is a contradiction in terms, something of an oxymoron, like «obscure clarity» or «burning ice». Why this reflex? Probably because we are used to considering the industrial system as isolated from the Biosphere, with factories and cities on one side and nature on the other, the problem consisting in trying to minimize the impact of the industrial system on what is «outside» of it: its surroundings, the «environment». As early as the 1950’s, this end-of-pipe angle was the one adopted by ecologists, whose first serious studies focused on the consequences of the various forms of pollution on nature. In this perspective on the industrial system, human industrial activity as such remained outside of the field of research. Industrial ecology explores the opposite assumption: the industrial system can be seen as a certain kind of ecosystem. After all, the industrial system, just as natural ecosystems, can be described as a particular distribution of materials, energy, and information flows. Furthermore, the entire industrial system relies on resources and services provided by the Biosphere, from which it cannot be dissociated. (It should be specified that .«industrial», in the context of industrial ecology, refers to all human activities occurring within the modern technological society. -
Nanorobot Construction Crews
Nanorobot Construction Crews Jaeseung Jeong, Ph.D Department of Bio and Brain engineering, KAIST Nanorobotics • Nanorobotics is the technology of creating machines or robots atltthit or close to the microscopi c scal lfe of a nanomet res (10-9 metres). More specifically, nanorobotics refers to the still largely ‘hypothetical’ nanotechnology engineering discipline of designing and building nanorobots. • Nanorobots ((,,nanobots, nanoids, nanites or nanonites ) would be typically devices ranging in size from 0.1-10 micrometers and constructed of nanoscale or molecular components. As no artificial non-biological nanorobots have yet been created, they remain a ‘hypothetical’ concept. • Another definition sometimes used is a robot which allows precision interactions with nanoscale objects , or can manipulate with nanoscale resolution. • Followingggpp this definition even a large apparatus such as an atomic force microscope can be considered a nanorobotic instrument when configured to perform nanomanipulation. • Also, macroscalble robots or mi crorob ots which can move wi th nanoscale precision can also be considered nanorobots. The T-1000 in Terminator 2: Judggyment Day • Since nanorobots would be microscopic in size , it would probably be necessary for very large numbers of them to work together to perform microscopic and macroscopic tasks. • These nanorobot swarms are fdifound in many sci ence fi fitiction stories, such as The T-1000 in Terminator 2: Judgment Day, nanomachine i n Meta l G ear So lid. • The word "nanobot" (also "nanite",,g, "nanogene", or "nanoant") is often used to indicate this fictional context and is a n info rma l o r eve n pejo rat ive term to refer to the engineering concept of nanorobots. -
Diffie and Hellman Receive 2015 Turing Award Rod Searcey/Stanford University
Diffie and Hellman Receive 2015 Turing Award Rod Searcey/Stanford University. Linda A. Cicero/Stanford News Service. Whitfield Diffie Martin E. Hellman ernment–private sector relations, and attracts billions of Whitfield Diffie, former chief security officer of Sun Mi- dollars in research and development,” said ACM President crosystems, and Martin E. Hellman, professor emeritus Alexander L. Wolf. “In 1976, Diffie and Hellman imagined of electrical engineering at Stanford University, have been a future where people would regularly communicate awarded the 2015 A. M. Turing Award of the Association through electronic networks and be vulnerable to having for Computing Machinery for their critical contributions their communications stolen or altered. Now, after nearly to modern cryptography. forty years, we see that their forecasts were remarkably Citation prescient.” The ability for two parties to use encryption to commu- “Public-key cryptography is fundamental for our indus- nicate privately over an otherwise insecure channel is try,” said Andrei Broder, Google Distinguished Scientist. fundamental for billions of people around the world. On “The ability to protect private data rests on protocols for a daily basis, individuals establish secure online connec- confirming an owner’s identity and for ensuring the integ- tions with banks, e-commerce sites, email servers, and the rity and confidentiality of communications. These widely cloud. Diffie and Hellman’s groundbreaking 1976 paper, used protocols were made possible through the ideas and “New Directions in Cryptography,” introduced the ideas of methods pioneered by Diffie and Hellman.” public-key cryptography and digital signatures, which are Cryptography is a practice that facilitates communi- the foundation for most regularly used security protocols cation between two parties so that the communication on the Internet today. -
The Molecular Epair of the Rain, Part II by Ralph Merkle, Ph.D
THIS ISSUE'S FEATURE: The Molecular epair of the rain, Part II By Ralph Merkle, Ph.D. Michael Perry, Ph.D. introduces us to "The Realities of Patient Storage" in this issue's For the Record lUS: Book Reviews, Relocation Reports, and Cryonics Fiction by Linda Dunn and Richard Shock ISSN 1054-4305 $4.50 "What is Cryonics?" Cryonics is the ultra-low-temperature preservation (biostasis) of terminal patients. The goal of biostasis and the technology of cryonics is the transport of today's terminal patients to a time in the future when cell and tissue repair technology will be available, and restoration to full function and health will be possible, a time when cures will exist for virtually all of today's diseases, including aging. As human knowledge and medical technology continue to expand in scope, people considered beyond hope of restoration (by today's medical standards) will be restored to health. (This historical trend is very clear.) The coming control over living systems should allow fabrication of new organisms and sub-cell-sized devices for repair and revival of patients waiting in cryonic suspension. The challenge for cryonicists today is to devise techniques that will ensure the patients' survival. Subscribe to CRY 0 ICS Magazine! CRYONICS magazine explores the practical, research, nanotechnology and molecular scientific, and social aspects of ultra engineering, book reviews, the physical low temperature pre format of memory and personality, the servation of humans. nature of identity, cryonics history, and As the quarterly much more. ·s FEAfURE' • .r h< • • f h THISISSUE oena\f'JI pu bl 1cat1on o t e •Ao\ecu\ar"' ~"h~>~'"''·~··o· C r If you're a first- The IV\ Bg Ra~1 RYfl'J\ Alcor Foundation-the THIS issuE's • ~L vJcs time subscriber, you p\1.\l. -
Molecular Nanotechnology - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Molecular nanotechnology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_manufacturing Molecular nanotechnology From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Molecular manufacturing) Part of the article series on Molecular nanotechnology (MNT) is the concept of Nanotechnology topics Molecular Nanotechnology engineering functional mechanical systems at the History · Implications Applications · Organizations molecular scale.[1] An equivalent definition would be Molecular assembler Popular culture · List of topics "machines at the molecular scale designed and built Mechanosynthesis Subfields and related fields atom-by-atom". This is distinct from nanoscale Nanorobotics Nanomedicine materials. Based on Richard Feynman's vision of Molecular self-assembly Grey goo miniature factories using nanomachines to build Molecular electronics K. Eric Drexler complex products (including additional Scanning probe microscopy Engines of Creation Nanolithography nanomachines), this advanced form of See also: Nanotechnology Molecular nanotechnology [2] nanotechnology (or molecular manufacturing ) Nanomaterials would make use of positionally-controlled Nanomaterials · Fullerene mechanosynthesis guided by molecular machine systems. MNT would involve combining Carbon nanotubes physical principles demonstrated by chemistry, other nanotechnologies, and the molecular Nanotube membranes machinery Fullerene chemistry Applications · Popular culture Timeline · Carbon allotropes Nanoparticles · Quantum dots Colloidal gold · Colloidal -
Practical Forward Secure Signatures Using Minimal Security Assumptions
Practical Forward Secure Signatures using Minimal Security Assumptions Vom Fachbereich Informatik der Technischen Universit¨atDarmstadt genehmigte Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades Doktor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) von Dipl.-Inform. Andreas H¨ulsing geboren in Karlsruhe. Referenten: Prof. Dr. Johannes Buchmann Prof. Dr. Tanja Lange Tag der Einreichung: 07. August 2013 Tag der m¨undlichen Pr¨ufung: 23. September 2013 Hochschulkennziffer: D 17 Darmstadt 2013 List of Publications [1] Johannes Buchmann, Erik Dahmen, Sarah Ereth, Andreas H¨ulsing,and Markus R¨uckert. On the security of the Winternitz one-time signature scheme. In A. Ni- taj and D. Pointcheval, editors, Africacrypt 2011, volume 6737 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 363{378. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2011. Cited on page 17. [2] Johannes Buchmann, Erik Dahmen, and Andreas H¨ulsing.XMSS - a practical forward secure signature scheme based on minimal security assumptions. In Bo- Yin Yang, editor, Post-Quantum Cryptography, volume 7071 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 117{129. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2011. Cited on pages 41, 73, and 81. [3] Andreas H¨ulsing,Albrecht Petzoldt, Michael Schneider, and Sidi Mohamed El Yousfi Alaoui. Postquantum Signaturverfahren Heute. In Ulrich Waldmann, editor, 22. SIT-Smartcard Workshop 2012, IHK Darmstadt, Feb 2012. Fraun- hofer Verlag Stuttgart. [4] Andreas H¨ulsing,Christoph Busold, and Johannes Buchmann. Forward secure signatures on smart cards. In Lars R. Knudsen and Huapeng Wu, editors, Se- lected Areas in Cryptography, volume 7707 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 66{80. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. Cited on pages 63, 73, and 81. [5] Johannes Braun, Andreas H¨ulsing,Alex Wiesmaier, Martin A.G. -
Nanotechnology, Nanomedicine and Nanosurgery
International Journal of Surgery (2005) 3, 243e246 www.int-journal-surgery.com EDITORIAL Nanotechnology, nanomedicine and nanosurgery An exciting revolution in health care and med- Feynman was clearly aware of the potential ical technology looms large on the horizon. Yet the medical applications of this new technology. He agents of change will be microscopically small, offered the first known proposal for a nanorobotic future products of a new discipline known as surgical procedure to cure heart disease: ‘‘A friend nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is the engineer- of mine (Albert R. Hibbs) suggests a very interest- ing of molecularly precise structures e typically ing possibility for relatively small machines. He 0.1 mm or smaller e and, ultimately, molecular says that, although it is a very wild idea, it would machines. be interesting in surgery if you could swallow the Nanomedicine1e4 is the application of nano- surgeon. You put the mechanical surgeon inside technology to medicine. It is the preservation the blood vessel and it goes into the heart and and improvement of human health, using molecu- looks around. (Of course the information has to be lar tools and molecular knowledge of the human fed out.) It finds out which valve is the faulty one body. Present-day nanomedicine exploits carefully and takes a little knife and slices it out. .[Imag- structured nanoparticles such as dendrimers,5 car- ine] that we can manufacture an object that bon fullerenes (buckyballs)6 and nanoshells7 to maneuvers at that level!. Other small machines target specific tissues and organs. These nanopar- might be permanently incorporated in the body to ticles may serve as diagnostic and therapeutic an- assist some inadequately functioning organ.’’9 tiviral, antitumor or anticancer agents. -
Whitfield Diffie Interview; 2011-03-25
Whitfield Diffie Interview Interviewer: Jon Plutte Recorded: March 28, 2011 Mountain View, California CHM Reference number: X6075.2011 © 2011 Computer History Museum Whitfield Diffie Interview Jon Plutte: So what is public-key cryptography? Public-key cryptography, I can't even say, but I'm sure you can say it. And whenever you're ready to roll. Whitfield Diffie: Okay. Plutte: Okay. Diffie: You're rolling, so I have my opening statement, this interview is given in terms of Copyleft. If you're hearing it and seeing it, you're entitled to record it. If you have a recording, you're entitled to redistribute it under the same terms. Plutte: Okay, thank you. Today it is March 28, 2011. This is John Plutte interviewing Whit Diffie at the Computer History Museum for the Fellow Awards. Thank you for joining us. Diffie: So now we have a technicality. You asked if I liked to be called Whit, that's fine, but I like [it] to be written as "Whitfield." Plutte: My words will never be on camera. Diffie: I understand that, but you may have influence over copy or something. Plutte: Okay, all right. That's great, okay, so we'll make sure that that gets done, and I'm pretty sure that that is the way it is written out in the paper here. I'm going to start off with some basic questions for us people who aren't that familiar with the field, and the first one is, what is cryptography? Diffie: Cryptography is any technique for transforming information from a usable, comprehensible form into a scrambled, useless form from which it can only be recovered by people who know what are called "secret keys." Plutte: How did you get interested in cryptography? I understand this is a long story. -
IACR Fellows Ceremony Crypto 2010
IACR Fellows Ceremony Crypto 2010 www.iacr.org IACR Fellows Program (°2002): recognize outstanding IACR members for technical and professional contributions that: Advance the science, technology, and practice of cryptology and related fields; Promote the free exchange of ideas and information about cryptology and related fields; Develop and maintain the professional skill and integrity of individuals in the cryptologic community; Advance the standing of the cryptologic community in the wider scientific and technical world and promote fruitful relationships between the IACR and other scientific and technical organizations. IACR Fellows Selection Committee (2010) Hugo Krawczyk (IBM Research) Ueli Maurer (IBM Zurich) Tatsuaki Okamoto (NTT research), chair Ron Rivest (MIT) Moti Yung (Google Inc and Columbia University) Current IACR Fellows Tom Berson Ueli Maurer G. Robert Jr. Blakley Kevin McCurley Gilles Brassard Ralph Merkle David Chaum Silvio Micali Don Coppersmith Moni Naor Whitfield Diffie Michael O. Rabin Oded Goldreich Ron Rivest Shafi Goldwasser Martin Hellman Adi Shamir Hideki Imai Gustavus (Gus) Simmons Arjen K. Lenstra Jacques Stern James L. Massey New IACR Fellows in 2010 Andrew Clark Ivan Damgård Yvo Desmedt Jean-Jacques Quisquater Andrew Yao Ivan Damgard IACR Fellow, 2010 For fundamental contributions to cryptography, for sustained educational leadership in cryptography, and for service to the IACR. Jean-Jacques Quisquater IACR Fellow, 2010 For basic contributions to cryptographic hardware and to cryptologic education and for -
Interface of Extramural Research in Nano Level Complies with Advanced Pharmaceutical Science and Basic Science in the Umbrella of Nanoscience
wjpmr, 2021,7(4), 393-409. SJIF Impact Factor: 5.922 Sen et al. WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical ResearchReview Article AND MEDICAL RESEARCH ISSN 2455-3301 www.wjpmr .com Wjpmr INTERFACE OF EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH IN NANO LEVEL COMPLIES WITH ADVANCED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE AND BASIC SCIENCE IN THE UMBRELLA OF NANOSCIENCE *1Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen, 2Dr. Dhananjoy Saha, 1Arpita Biswas, 1Supradip Mandal, 1Kushal Nandi, 1Arunava Chandra Chandra, 1Amrita Chakraborty and 3Dr. Sampa Dhabal 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Salt Lake City, Sector‒V, EM‒4, Kolkata‒700091, West Bengal, India. 2Deputy Director, Directorate of Technical Education, Bikash Bhavan, Salt Lake City, Kolkata‒700091, West Bengal, India. 3Assistant Director, Forensic Science Laboratory, Govt. of West Bengal, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. *Corresponding Author: Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Salt Lake City, Sector‒V, EM‒4, Kolkata‒700091, West Bengal, India. Article Received on 02/03/2021 Article Revised on 22/03/2021 Article Accepted on 12/04/2021 ABSTRACT Nanotechnology, also shortened to nanotech, is the use of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale for industrial purposes. The earliest, widespread description of nanotechnology referred to the particular technological goal of precisely manipulating atoms and molecules for fabrication of macroscale products, also now referred to as molecular nanotechnology. -
Oral History Interview with Martin Hellman
An Interview with MARTIN HELLMAN OH 375 Conducted by Jeffrey R. Yost on 22 November 2004 Palo Alto, California Charles Babbage Institute Center for the History of Information Technology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Copyright 2004, Charles Babbage Institute Martin Hellman Interview 22 November 2004 Oral History 375 Abstract Leading cryptography scholar Martin Hellman begins by discussing his developing interest in cryptography, factors underlying his decision to do academic research in this area, and the circumstances and fundamental insights of his invention of public key cryptography with collaborators Whitfield Diffie and Ralph Merkle at Stanford University in the mid-1970s. He also relates his subsequent work in cryptography with Steve Pohlig (the Pohlig-Hellman system) and others. Hellman addresses his involvement with and the broader context of the debate about the federal government’s cryptography policy—regarding to the National Security Agency’s (NSA) early efforts to contain and discourage academic work in the field, the Department of Commerce’s encryption export restrictions (under the International Traffic of Arms Regulation, or ITAR), and key escrow (the so-called Clipper chip). He also touches on the commercialization of cryptography with RSA Data Security and VeriSign, as well as indicates some important individuals in academe and industry who have not received proper credit for their accomplishments in the field of cryptography. 1 TAPE 1 (Side A) Yost: My name is Jeffrey Yost. I am from the Charles Babbage Institute and am here today with Martin Hellman in his home in Stanford, California. It’s November 22nd 2004. Yost: Martin could you begin by giving a brief biographical background of yourself—of where you were born and where you grew up? Hellman: I was born October 2nd 1945 in New York City.