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Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 5Th Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Theories of Psychotherapy and Counseling Concepts and Cases Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Theories of Psychotherapy and © 2012, 2008, 2004 Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning Counseling: Concepts and Cases, 5 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright th Edition herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by Richard S. Sharf any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribu- Publisher: Linda Schreiber-Ganster tion, information networks, or information storage and retrieval sys- Acquisition Editor: Seth Dobrin tems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United Associate Editor, Market Development: States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 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Manager: Tami Strang Content Project Management: Library of Congress Control Number: 2010939588 PreMediaGlobal ISBN-13: 978-0-8400-3366-6 Senior Art Director: Jennifer Wahi 10 0 8400 3366 4 Print Buyer: Judy Inouye ISBN- : - - - Compositor: PreMediaGlobal Text Researcher: Sarah D Stair Brooks/Cole A Division of Cengage Learning, Inc Photo Researcher: Carly Bergey 20 Davis Drive Rights Acquisition Specialist: Belmont, CA 94002 Dean Dauphinais USA Cover designer: Jeff Bane Cover Illustration: Background image by Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning CMB Design. Inset: The Water Lily Pond, solutions with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, pub. By Claude Monet (1899 Oil on the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil and Japan. Locate your Canvas)/The Art Resource. local office at international.cengage.com/region. Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. For your course and learning solutions, visit www.cengage.com. Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.cengagebrain.com. Instructors: Please visit login.cengage.com and log in to access instructor-specific resources. Printed in the United States of America 12345671413121110 Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 5THEDITION Theories of Psychotherapy and Counseling Concepts and Cases Richard S. Sharf University of Delaware Australia Brazil Japan Korea Mexico Singapore Spain United Kingdom United States Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For Jane, Jennie, and Alex Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Brief Contents Preface xxii CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 CHAPTER 2 Psychoanalysis 28 CHAPTER 3 Jungian Analysis and Therapy 82 CHAPTER 4 Adlerian Therapy 123 CHAPTER 5 Existential Therapy 160 CHAPTER 6 Person-Centered Therapy 206 CHAPTER 7 Gestalt Therapy: An Experiential Therapy 240 CHAPTER 8 Behavior Therapy 280 CHAPTER 9 Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy 331 CHAPTER 10 Cognitive Therapy 369 CHAPTER 11 Reality Therapy 416 CHAPTER 12 Constructivist Approaches 452 CHAPTER 13 Feminist Therapy: A Multicultural Approach 484 CHAPTER 14 Family Therapy 533 CHAPTER 15 Other Psychotherapies 582 CHAPTER 16 Comparison and Critique 631 CHAPTER 17 Integrative Therapies 662 Glossary 691 Name Index 712 Subject Index 723 vii Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Contents Preface xxii CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 Theory 2 Precision and Clarity 2 Comprehensiveness 3 Testability 3 Usefulness 3 Psychotherapy and Counseling 4 Theories of Psychotherapy and Counseling 5 Psychoanalysis 6 Jungian Analysis and Therapy 6 Adlerian Therapy 7 Existential Therapy 7 Person-Centered Therapy 7 Gestalt Therapy 7 Behavior Therapy 7 Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy 8 Cognitive Therapy 8 Reality Therapy 8 Constructivist Therapy 8 Feminist Therapy 9 Family Therapy 9 Other Psychotherapies 9 Integrative Therapy 9 Organization of the Chapters 10 History or Background 10 Personality Theories 11 Theories of Psychotherapy 11 Psychological Disorders 12 Brief Psychotherapy 16 Current Trends 17 Using a Theory with Other Theories 20 Research 20 Gender Issues 22 Multicultural Issues 22 Group Therapy 23 Ethics 23 My Theory of Psychotherapy and Counseling 24 Your Theory of Psychotherapy and Counseling 24 Suggested Readings 25 References 25 viii Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Contents ix CHAPTER 2 Psychoanalysis 28 History of Psychoanalysis 29 Freud’s Drive Theory 33 Drives and Instincts 33 Levels of Consciousness 33 Structure of Personality 34 Defense Mechanisms 35 Psychosexual Stages of Development 37 Ego Psychology 39 Anna Freud 39 Erik Erikson 40 Object Relations Psychology 41 Donald Winnicott 42 Otto Kernberg 43 Kohut’s Self Psychology 43 Relational Psychoanalysis 45 Psychoanalytical Approaches to Treatment 47 Therapeutic Goals 47 Assessment 48 Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapy, and Psychoanalytic Counseling 48 Free Association 49 Neutrality and Empathy 49 Resistance 50 Interpretation 51 Interpretation of Dreams 51 Interpretation and Analysis of Transference 52 Countertransference 53 Relational Responses 54 Psychological Disorders 54 Treatment of Hysteria: Katharina 55 Childhood Anxiety: Mary 56 Borderline Disorders: Mr. R. 58 Narcissistic Disorders: Mr. J. 59 Depression: Sam 61 Brief Psychoanalytic Therapy 62 Current Trends 65 Using Psychoanalysis with Other Theories 66 Research 67 Gender Issues 70 Multicultural Issues 72 Group Therpy 73 Summary 74 Suggested Readings 75 References 76 Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. x Contents CHAPTER 3 Jungian Analysis and Therapy 82 History of Jungian Analysis and Therapy 83 Theory of Personality 86 Levels of Consciousness 87 Archetypes 89 Personality Attitudes and Functions 91 Personality Development 94 Jungian Analysis and Therapy 96 Therapeutic Goals 96 Analysis, Therapy,
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