Analysis of Artificial Leather with Textile Fabric on the Backside
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Care Label Recommendations
CARE LABEL RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDED CARE FOR APPAREL PRODUCTS Fiber content, fabric construction, color, product construction, finish applications and end use are all considered when determining recommended care. Following are recommended care instructions for Nordstrom Products, however; the product must be tested to confirm that the care label is suitable. GARMENT/ CONSTRUCTION/ FIBER CONTENT FABRICATION CARE LABEL Care ABREVIATION EMBELLISHMENTS Knits and Sweaters Acetate/Acetate Blends Knits / Sweaters K & S Dry Clean Only DCO Acrylic Sweater K & S Machine Wash Cold, Gentle Cycle With Like Colors Only Non-Chlorine Bleach If Needed MWC GC WLC ONCBIN TDL RP CIIN Tumble Dry Low, Remove Promptly Cool Iron If Needed Acrylic Gentle Or Open Construction, Chenille K & S Turn Garment Inside Out Or Loosely Knit Machine Wash Cold, Gentle Cycle With Like Colors TGIO MWC GC WLC ONCBIN R LFTD CIIN Only Non-Chlorine Bleach If Needed Reshape, Lay Flat To Dry Cool Iron If Needed Acrylic / Rayon Blends Sweaters / Gentle Or Open K & S Professionally Dry Clean Construction, Chenille Or Loosely Knit Short Cycle, No Steam PDC SC NS Acrylic / Wool Blends Sweaters with Embelishments K & S Hand Wash Cold, Separately Only Non-Chlorine Bleach If Needed, No Wring Or Twist Reshape, Lay Flat To Dry Cool Iron If Needed HWC S ONCBIN NWOT R LFTD CIIN DNID Do Not Iron Decoration Acrylic / Wool Blends Sweaters K & S Hand Wash Cold, Separately Only Non-Chlorine Bleach If Needed Roll In Towel To Remove Excess Moisture Reshape, Lay Flat To Dry HWC S ONCBIN RITTREM -
Silk, Linen, Leather, Denim, Grass, Cotton, Felt
Silk, linen, leather, denim, grass, cotton, felt. Natural materials keep the integrity of their shape yet hold an impression of the figure that has worn them. Fit-out for Olivia Spencer Bower speaks to the fabrics and forms that we live in. An assortment of garment patterns, building plans and the lifestyles of art heroines provide templates or underlying structures for Emma Fitts’ installation at the Ilam School of Fine Arts gallery. Adopting the layout of a modernist home and featuring a series of fabric hangings and clothing cutouts, Fitts’ work acutely relates to our situated knowledge, the proportions of the body and our experience of space, while also implying much less measurable qualities. Alternative histories that reveal the social relationships and values of a bygone era are incorporated to form a homage of sorts, though these references are evoked to shed light on the present–what it means to live and make work as an artist today. The gallery is physically divided by four large textile works, hung from the ceiling according to the walls shown in architectural plans for 15A Leinster Avenue, Christchurch–the former home of artist Olivia Spencer Bower (1905- 82). These soft walls enable visitors to occupy the space as though wandering through her actual house: living room, kitchen, sunroom, bedroom and studio. Designed in 1969 by architects Cowey and McGregor in the Christchurch style of neo-brutalism, the house was commissioned to accommodate the needs of a female artist living alone. There is an emphasis on form developed in relation to function and it is both refined and compact, manifesting these ideals. -
Leather Care & Cleaning
L eather Care & Cleaning Guidelines for Cleaning Leather. Leather Care and Cleaning Guide. The Leather Institute. 2011 For more information or questions or comments please contact The Leather Institute at [email protected] General Leather Care and Cleaning Instructions A word about leather care products… There are many products available for cleaning leather and removing stains. The products best suited for cleaning leather are those recommended by the Leather Supplier. Townsend Leather recommends using ONLY The Leather Institute care and cleaning products. The Leather Institute products are especially formulated to work perfectly with Townsend Leather. When cleaning leather... Never use: Any High pH cleaner Cleaners that contain abrasives Cleaners that contain alcohol Cleaners that contain Butyl Cellosolve Any strong solvent Saddle soap Mink oil Wax Furniture polish Glass cleaner Or any strong solvents, abrasives or caustic household cleaners such as soap or dish detergent. These vary widely in strength and in compatibility with today's water-based leather finishes and may cause cracking or other damage to the leather surface. Direct sources of heat and extended exposure to heat sources and to direct sunlight may also be harmful to the leather and should be avoided. Always use: Leather care products recommended by The Leather Institute and only use those products in the prescribed method. The only acceptable products for use on Townsend Leather products are The Leather Institute Finished Leather Care Products or leather care products approved by Townsend Leather: Finished Leather Cleaner Finished Leather Cleaning Wipes Cleaner, Conditioner, Protector Ink & Stain Remover Stick 100% Cotton Terry Cloth Rags (White Only); commercially available A solution of distilled water a mild non-detergent soap Basic Leather Cleaning Techniques The most basic task at any level of cleaning is a thorough vacuuming. -
About Leather Types of Leather
About Leather Types of Leather Leather is an ancient, durable material created through a process of tanning animal rawhide to preserve it and make it pliable when dry. Many features of natural leather make it superior to synthetic products including durability, comfort, beauty, suppleness, and resilience. Plus, leather’s ability to patina and absorb body oils continues to enhance the leather’s appearance and makes it more beautiful over time. Leather can broadly be divided into full grain, enhanced grain, corrected grain, top grain and split leathers. Full Grain Leather Full grain leather has no surface alterations. The hide’s natural pores and grain textures are intact and it will develop a patina over time. The tiny pinholes dotting the surface indicate the hide’s open hair follicles. The presence of these hair follicles demonstrates a high quality surface which has not been altered to conceal flaws. This full grain surface breathes. It keeps the user Full grain comfortable as it adjusts to body temperature. Full grain leather is the highest quality, most beautiful, and most comfortable leather available. Enhanced Grain Leather Enhanced grain leather is a full grain with an artificial grain embossed over the natural grain. Enhanced grain leather has the same comfort and breathability of a full grain, but the surface has received minor alteration to improve grain Enhanced grain appearance. Corrected Grain Leather Corrected grain leather is produced from the upper portion of the hide. The surface is lightly sanded or refined then embossed with an artificial grain texture. Corrected grain leathers have a more consistent appearance across the entire surface. -
FY20-010 - Leather Gear Assorted Police Clothing - Page 1
G T DISTRIBUTORS, INC. Al & Rob Sales Kirkpatrick Guns & Ammo USIQ, Inc. Galls, LLC Total Price $43,683.75 Total Price $71,573.75 Total Price $81,240.50 Total Price $84,612.75 Total Price $101,385.00 Line # Description Mfgr Mfgno QTY UOM Estimated Unit Extended Unit Extended Unit Extended Unit Extended Unit Extended 1 The City of Laredo, is herein soliciting formal 1 EA No Bid $21,860.00 $21,860.00 No Bid $20,677.00 $20,677.00 $21,800.00 $21,800.00 1.1 Section I: Basket Weave Duty Belt w/black poDonHume B101 100 EA No Bid $55.95 No Bid $61.80 $63.00 1.2 Basket Weave Trouser Belt Size 30 - 52 DonHume B125 100 EA No Bid $29.95 No Bid $29.90 $36.00 1.3 Handcuff case hidden snap DonHume C303BWHS 100 EA No Bid $30.95 No Bid $29.40 $31.00 1.4 Mace Holder DonHume C309FBWBLHS 100 EA No Bid $29.95 No Bid $26.44 $30.00 1.5 Double Mag Pouch 17rd. # D407 Don Hume D407 100 EA No Bid $33.95 No Bid $32.23 $39.00 1.6 Velcro Glove pouch C321-1BW 100 EA No Bid $19.95 No Bid $11.54 $19.00 1.7 Leather Belt Single Keeper- 1 inch Hidden sna Don Hume H02 1845 BW H100 EA No Bid $8.95 No Bid $7.73 No Bid 1.8 Leather Belt Double Keeper- 1 7/16inch HiddeDon Hume itemS502 1 HS 1" 7/100 EA No Bid $8.95 No Bid $7.73 No Bid 2 Section II - Holster Safariland 1 EA $24,987.00 $24,987.00 $26,810.00 $26,810.00 $25,547.50 $25,547.50 $25,257.50 $25,257.50 $28,750.00 $28,750.00 2.1 Holster Safariland Basket weave - Right Hand Safariland 6360-4502-481 100 EA $113.02 $124.95 $112.00 $114.95 $129.00 2.2 Holster Safariland Basket weave -Left Hand SSafariland 6360-4502-482 50 EA -
A Quick Tour of Fashion
A Quick Tour Through the Last Century of Fashion Women begin to wear looser, lighter-weight clothing. A popular style is 1900s a starched white blouse, with a dark blue or black ascot scarf, and a long, full skirt. The “Gibson Girl” look – independent, athletic, poised, intelligent, yet feminine – is created by illustrator Charles Dana Gibson. Women’s hair is worn high on the head. It begins to become acceptable for women to uncover more parts of their body, although a skirt three inches above the ground is considered scandalous. World War I. Fashions are conservative, with women’s clothes following 1910s more or less natural body lines. Women are asked not to wear corsets (the stays were often made of steel, which was needed for the war effort), and replace them with girdles. The end of World War I brings new freedom. Women also gain the right 1920s to vote. The flapper, boyish look takes over. Women cut their hair short, into a “bob.”They bare their legs, with dresses that are straight, unfitted, and end at or a little above the knee. Maturity ceases to be in fashion for men and women; there’s an emphasis on a more youthful, almost childish look. For example, men’s clothing is no longer designed to make them look as large and powerful as possible, but slimmer and younger. The Depression. Seriousness and maturity are back, and reflected in 1930s heavier styles (e.g. men’s pants are cut fuller) and darker colors. Skirts are longer, and styles follow a woman’s figure, with graceful curves and lines. -
Downloading Or Purchasing Online Through Our Website
Improved Preservation and Early Stage Processing of Australian Crocodile Skins A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation by Stephen Hawkins and Chi Huynh CSIRO Textile and Fibre Technology December 2004 RIRDC Publication No 04/164 RIRDC Project No CWT-3A © 2004 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 1 74151 073 2 ISSN 1440-6845 ‘Improved Preservation and Early Stage Processing of Australian Crocodile Skins’ Publication No. 04/164 Project No. CWT-3A The views expressed and the conclusions reached in this publication are those of the author and not necessarily those of persons consulted. RIRDC shall not be responsible in any way whatsoever to any person who relies in whole or in part on the contents of this report. This publication is copyright. However, RIRDC encourages wide dissemination of its research, providing the Corporation is clearly acknowledged. For any other enquiries concerning reproduction, contact the Publications Manager on phone 02 6272 3186. Researcher Contact Details Dr. Stephen C Hawkins CSIRO Textile and Fibre Technology, PMB 10, Clayton MDC, Victoria 3168 Phone: 03 9545 2364 Fax: 03 9545 2363 Email: [email protected] In submitting this report, the researcher has agreed to RIRDC publishing this material in its edited form. RIRDC Contact Details Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 1, AMA House 42 Macquarie Street BARTON ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Phone: 02 6272 4819 Fax: 02 6272 5877 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.rirdc.gov.au Published in December 2004 Printed on environmentally friendly paper by Canprint Foreword The skin of the Australian saltwater crocodile, (Crocodylus porosus) reputedly produces the best quality crocodile leather in the world. -
April 20, 1971 L. R. MZELL 3,575,751. by 4.6% F 44
April 20, 1971 L. R. MZELL 3,575,751. METHOD OF MAKING SEMARTIFICIAL PILE FABRICS Original Filled Sept. 1, 1966 . 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 als. Sass Eckettsatistassists assass n N N NS 2 S.SS SSSSSSSSSSG21 is Y2 SnS 5 8 Arata. INVENTOR LOUS R. MZE BY 4.6% f 44 ATTORNEYs April 20, 97. L. R. M. ZE 3,575,751 METHOD of MAKING SEMI ARTIFICIAL FILE FABRICS Original Filed Sept. l. 1966 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 caseat 27. as N S 2šSSSSSSSSS;&SAS % 7 III)}. 2. s 33.5 SS 3 AŠ. in f (s & S 3 14 - 15 S. S. & : Šs C &%Š 3.d $ Aca 1. EEDan SNsO R S R SS f S.CN SESS 5 6 7 INVENTOR LOUIS R. MIZELL by 4-4 A 4-26 ATTORNEYS 3,575,751 United States Patent Office Patented Apr. 20, 1971 2 While the following discussion will apply primarily 3,575,751. to woolled animal skins typified by woolled sheep and METHOD OF MAKNG SEMARTIFICIAL PLE FABRICS amb skins, it pertains to haired or furred animal skins in Louis R. Mizell, Montgomery County, Md., assignor to general, such as the haired skins or hides or goats, llamas, I.W.S. Nominee Company Limited, London, England 5 vicunas, alpacas, and the like, and to the furred skins of Continuation of application Ser. No. 484,240, Sept. 1, mink, muskrat, rabbit, chinchilla, bear, and the like. As 1966. This application Jan. 15, 1969, Ser. No. 796,276 used herein the term "woolled' is intended to be inclusive Int. -
Ethical Consumers' Awareness of Vegan Materials
sustainability Article Ethical Consumers’ Awareness of Vegan Materials: Focused on Fake Fur and Fake Leather Yeong-Hyeon Choi 1 and Kyu-Hye Lee 2,* 1 Department of Clothing and Textiles, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; [email protected]figure 2 Human-Tech Convergence Program, Department of Clothing and Textiles, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-2-2220-1191 Abstract: With an increase in ethical awareness, people have begun to criticize the unethical issues associated with the use of animal materials. This study focused on the transition of global consumers’ awareness toward vegan materials and the relationship between the interest in ethical subjects such as animals, the environment, and vegan materials. For this purpose, consumers’ posts about fur/fake fur and leather/fake leather uploaded on Google and Twitter from 2008 to 2019 were utilized, and the Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (Tf-idf ) value was extracted using Python 3.7. Furthermore, the worldwide Google keyword search volume of each word was analyzed using Smart PLS 3.0 to investigate global consumers’ awareness. First, with time, consumers began relating animal materials such as fur and leather to topics such as animal rights, animal abuse, and animal protection. Second, as interest in “animal welfare” increased, interest in “fake fur” also rose, and as interest in “cruelty free” increased, interest in “fake fur”, “vegan fur”, and “vegan leather” also increased. Third, as consumers’ interest in the “environment” increased, interest in vegan materials such as “fake fur” and “fake leather” decreased. However, as interest in “eco” increased, interest in “vegan leather” also augmented. -
Characteristics of Artificial Leather for Footwear － Heat and Moisture Transport Properties －
Technical Paper Characteristics of Artificial Leather for Footwear － Heat and Moisture Transport Properties － Won Young Jeong !1,Jung Woo Park !2,Masayoshi Kamijo !1,YoshioShimizu !1,andSeung Kook An !2 ＊1 Dept. of Kansei Engineering, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan ＊2 Dept. of Textile Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea Abstract :Artificial leather used in this study was prepared by wet coagulation method with polyurethane resin in a laboratory instrument. Various needle-punching nonwoven fabrics were used as substrate material, which are widely used in the shoe industry as the substrate ofinsole or artificial leather. To estimatecomfort properties with the finishing for artificial leather, we measured air, water vapor, and thermal transport properties ; and then we evaluated the changes of each property of finished nonwoven fabrics which were dipped and coated with polyurethane resin. The changes due to the dipping and coating processes for artificial leather may give rise to a feeling of discomfort. Water vapor permeability and heat keeping rate decreased, but thermal conductivity and a cool feeling increased with the finishing process. After dipping and coating processes, there was little significant difference in the transport properties of base materials. Therefore, the transport characteristics were more closely related to the finishing condition than the constructive characteristics of the base materials. (Received 14 December, 2006 ; Accepted 4 July, 2007) 1. Introduction some situations, the evaporation rate of perspiration from wet skin is less than that of perspiration secretion. So Artificial leathers have the advantage over natural accumulated water vapor may condense inside the inner products in uniformity of quality and availability in roll clothing of a wearer undertaking arduous exercise in a form, which facilitates production planning and cold and wet climate. -
A SURVEY of STANDARDS for the U.S. FIBER/TEXTILE/APPAREL INDUSTRY
A Survey of Standards for the U.S. Fiber/Textile/Apparel lndustr y Craig 6. Pawlak U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Gaithersburg, MD 20899 April 1996 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Michael Kantor, Secretary TECHNOLOGY ADMl NlSTRATlON Mary L. Good, Under Secretary for Technology NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY Arati Prabhakar, Director DISCLAIMER No approval or endorsement of any commercial product, organization, or company by the National Institute of Standards and Technology is intended or implied. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials may be identified in this report in order to facilitate understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. This publication was prepared by United States Government employees as part of their official duties and is, therefore, a work of the US. Government and not subject to copyright. A SURVEY of STANDARDS for the U.S. FIBER/TEXTILE/APPAREL INDUSTRY Craig G. Pawlak Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD ABSTRACT This report documents a survey of standards relevant to the U.S. Fiber/Textile/Apparel (FTA) industry. The standards are discussed in four main groups-integration standards, test methods, quality standards, and standard reference data and materials. The Appendix of the report lists the titles of all standards found, grouped together by the organization responsible for them. Those organizations are also listed along with contact information for them. -
Artificial Leather Is Booming, but Its Production Is Currently Not Very
INNOVATION ARTIFICIAL LEATHER Better ven experts can hardly distinguish artificial leather from the than real thing at first glance. The look, structure, and feel of this Eproduct now comes very close to its natural model. As a result, artificial leather has become an integral part of our daily lives. It can be found in sofas and dentist’s chairs, luxury handbags and car seats, shoes and clothing. And sometimes it’s even better than the origi- nal—in surfaces that are exposed to intense mechanical stress, ultraviolet light or saltwater, or in medical equipment that needs to be frequently disinfected. High-quality material rather than a cheap imitation: The image Real of artificial leather is changing. It’s also benefiting from people’s heightened environmental awareness. Processors and consumers are increasingly attaching importance to production methods that harm neither people nor the environment—an expectation that is seldom fulfilled by genuine leather. “Vegan” leather is also popular with shoppers who reject animal products in general. This has resulted in the steadily growing use of imitation leather. In 2016 the annual worldwide production of artificial leather amount- ed to about 3.5 million tons. If all of it were to be rolled out in a TEXT CHRISTA FRIEDL single piece, it would cover an area equal to the German federal states of Berlin, Hamburg, and Saarland. Asia is the Number One produc- er of artificial leather, with 85 percent of the annual tonnage coming Artificial leather is booming, but its production is from China. currently not very sustainable. Researchers have A multilayered composite developed an additive that paves the way for envi Artificial leather is a multilayered composite material.