KennedyJOH NF.KENNEDYSCHOOLOFGOVE RNMENTBULLETIN SchooHARVARD UNIVERSITY SPRING 2008l

FREEDOM FIGHTER Jared Genser mpp 1998 battles for prisoners of conscience

Plus: Worldy Wise Mason Turns 50 An Account of War The $3 Trillion War James Langevin mpa2 1994 Thomas Culligan Brooke Wade Lou Kerr Kennedy School Board of Directors of the HKS Alumni Association Pat Lawson mpa 1989 Bharat Desai John Whitehead Sung Joo Kim JOHN F. KENNEDY SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT BULLETIN HARVARD UNIVERSITY SPRING 2008 Nancy LeaMond mcp 1974 Arnold Donald Malcolm Wiener Peggy Klaus Executive Committee Leon Loeb mpp 1972 Bülent Eczacıbası J. McDonald Williams Sicille Kotelawala Paul Hodge mpa 2000, Chair Kent Lucken mpa 2001 David Elias Jacqueline Woods Patricia Kouba Rosario “Chato” Calderon J. Michael McGinnis mpa 1977 hrh Princess Firyal of Jordan Margery Kraus mpa 1988 Patricia McGinnis mpp 1975 James Flanagan smg 1995 Women’s Leadership Board Roelfien Kuijpers Jeremy Tachau mpa 1994, Robert Metzger bcsia Jacob Frenkel Executive Committee Indira Senanayake Kulatilake Secretary Marcia Morris mpa 1993 Saeed Ghobash Roxanne Mankin Cason, Chair Renee LaBran Features Rudy Brioché mpa 2000, Treasurer Ajay Nagpal mpp 1992 Daniel Glickman Haifa Fahoum Al Kaylani, Alison Lawton Farahnaz Karim mpa 2001, Robert Olian mpp/jd 1977 Steven Green Vice Chair Francine LeFrak-Friedberg Member-at-Large Anthony Otten mpp 1981 Clifford Gundle Renee Fraser, Vice Chair Amy Levine 16 One Man’s Lawyer 22 Wordly Wise 26 An Account of War Jacquelyne Weatherspoon Howard Paster mcrp 1979 Hani Habbas Laurie McDonald Jonsson, Sheela Levy mpa 1991, Member-at-Large Anne Reed mpa 1981 Azadeh Hariri Secretary Carol Locke A career in human rights work It has been 50 remarkable The cold calculus of accounting Jorge Rosenblut mpa2 1985 James Harpel Linda LoRe Members Members Sean Rowland mpa 1997 Robert Hefner III Ann Lovell Gayane Afrikian mpa 2005 Carla Abourjeily that began almost accidentally years since a small program seems almost out of place in a Danny Sebright mpa 2001 John Incledon Maria Paola Luksic Rosario “Chato” Calderon Giselle Acevedo Daniel Sheffey mpp 1989 Tasso Jereissati Florine Mark mpa 1988 Mindy Lipson Aisen has become a calling. Now Jared designed to help public servants war. But Linda Bilmes’s work has Harry Sherr mpa 2003 Maha Kaddoura mpa 2000 Lana Marks Emily Card phd, mpa 1981 Maha Al-Juffali Heather Steans mpp 1987 Norman Kaplan Lisa Matthews Genser mpp 1998 is shining the in three developing countries helped clarify and expand the Louis de Bruijn mpa 2004 Roz Alford Donald Stewart mpa 1969, Joseph Kasputys Elizabeth McGregor John McLaughlin, Jr. mpa 1988 Sharon Allen dpa 1975 George Kellner Bobbi McKenna torch of freedom into some was launched. Today the Mason debate over how much the Iraq Kathe Mullally mpa 1998 Jennifer Allyn Bob Suh mpa2 1985 Jamileh Kharrazi Anne McKevitt Lenora Peters Gant smg 1999 Barbara Annis Harriett “Tee” Taggart mcp 1973 Nemir Kirdar Ellen McLaughlin pretty dark places and attacking Program has prepared thou- War will cost and who will foot Jacquelyne Weatherspoon Wendy Appelbaum Elizabeth Tamposi mpa 1984 Derek Kirkland mpa 1982 Pamela McLean mpa 1991 Loreen Arbus human rights abuses one client sands of leaders to address the the bill. William Tobey mpp 1984 Timothy Knatchbull mpa 1998 Neena Mehta Associate Members Jan Babiak Joseph Tompkins mpp 1975, Latifa Kosta Diane Miller Greg Rosenbaum mpa/jd 1977, Ellyn Bank at a time. most compelling development jd 1974 Dal LaMagna mpa 2002 Pat Mitchell Ex-officio, Chair of dalc Marilyn Barrett Stacey Gillis Weber mpa2 1990 Ned Lamont Ellen Jane Moore Armando Lopez-Fernandez Barbara J. Beck challenges. Thomas White mpa2 1982 Nicholas Lazares Gabriella Morris mpa 1978 Kennedy School Carol Lavin Bernick Fletcher Wiley mpp/jd 1974 Brandt Louie Barbara Morrison Representative to haa Board Susan Bird Wilfred Wong mpa 1987 Bertram Lubner Pansy Muller Gail Murray mpa 1992, Kennedy Kathy Bloomgarden Mary Ma Marilyn Carlson Nelson School Representative to Susan Bogart Visiting Committee Yoko Makino mpa 1999 Anne Nobles haa Board Michèle Boutros-Ghali Joel Fleishman, Chair George Mallinckrodt Julia Novy-Hildesley Maria Efantis Brennan Charles Baker Jr. Fouad Malouf Gun Nowak Dean’s Alumni Leadership Beth Brooke Robert Belfer W.A. Manoukian Ann Lim O’Brien Council Maxine Burton Douglas Bereuter mcp 1966 Ramon Marks Anna Ouroumian Mikki Canton Greg Rosenbaum mpp/jd 1977, Rebecca Blank Deryck Maughan Jo Ousterhout Mary Carrington Chair John Deutch Mike Medavoy Aysen Ozyegin Deborah Carstens Joseph Caldwell mpa 1985, Cheryl Dorsey mpa/md 1992 Mark Mendell Joan Parrot-Fonseca Teri Cavanagh Vice Chair Anne Fudge James Metzger Kristine Pearson Donna Chancellor José María Figueres mpa 1991, John Gage ksgp 1971 Mary Minnick Carol Perrin Joan Chrestay Vice Chair James Harpel Yogendra Modi Sarah Raiss Eloise Yellen Clark Departments Joshua Gotbaum mpa/jd 1976, James Johnson Ahmed Mohiuddin Joyce Reuben Anne Cointreau Vice Chair Lawrence F. Katz Anthony Morris Juli Ann Reynolds Elizabeth Colton Paul Hodge mpa 2000, Founding Harold Koh Zenon Nie Karen Rohan Maria Contreras-Sweet Chair and Vice Chair Peter Malkin Marvin Odum Margaret Rose 2 executive summary Lizbeth Cooney Yoko Makino mpa 1999, Vice Chair Bijan Mossavar-Rahmani Idan Ofer Maureen Ruettgers Linda Coughlin Hilda Ochoa-Brillembourg mpa 1982 Jorma Ollila Nancy Russell Maggie Craddock mpa 1972, Vice Chair Franklin Raines Nelson Ortiz mpa 1983 Sarina Russo 3 letters Diane Creel Michael Spies mcrp 1982, David Rubenstein Jaime Ortiz Patiño Melanie Sabelhaus Laurie Cunnington Vice Chair Ralph Schlosstein Minnie Osmeña, mpa Kim Samuel Johnson Julie Hembrock Daum Judy Wade mpp 1989, Vice Chair Klaus Schwab mpa 1967 Richard Plepler Virginia Sanchez from the Charles Roxanne Decyk 4 Jill Wagner mpa2 1983, Vice Chair Lan Xue Andrew Rappaport Anita Santiago Valerie Mosley Diamond 26 12 Joan Abrams mpa 1993 Gordon Rawlinson Hoda Sarofim-Sawiris Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Diane Dixon Merribel Ayres smg 1984 Dean’s Council John Reed Angela Schwers Martha De Laurentiis Margaret Bancroft mpa 1985 David Richards Rayona Sharpnack Jeremi´c mpa/id 2003…long- Executive Committee Cristina de Manuel Douglas Bereuter mcp 1966, Stephen Ritterbush ksgp 1979 Janice Weinman Shorenstein Peter Malkin, Chair Julia Bailey Dulan distance learning…design for 10 mpa 1973 Carlos Riva Susan Silbermann Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki, Ivelisse Estrada Stuart Bernstein mpa2 1991 James Rogers, Jr. Pamela Smith Vice Chair Haifa Fakhouri the other 90%…reinventing 34 in print Jeffrey Bialos mpa 1980 Greg Rosenbaum mpa/jd 1977 Pernille Spiers-Lopez Ralph Baxter, Jr. Nina Fialkow Osman Boyner mpa2 2001 Daniel Rosensweig Fredericka Stevenson Robert Belfer Anne Finucane politics with YouTube’s Steve > Full Disclosure: The Perils and Teresa Brady mpp 1983 John Rosenthal Anna Beddingfield Stone Mary Boies Marsha Firestone Joseph Campbell mpp 1978 E. John Rosenwald, Jr. Vickie Sullivan mpp 2006 Alan Hassenfeld Janie Fong Grove Promise of Transparency Craig Cardon mpa 2002 Joseph Roxe Mary Green Swig Paul Hodge mpa 2000 Renee White Fraser Alexandre Chavarot mpp 1992 James Sabry Robin Talbert > The Warping of Government Carolee Friedlander Nancy Connery mpa 1979 Members Mohammad Safadi Sandra Taylor CLOCKWISEFROMTOPLEFT:CAROLINETOMLINSON;VESTERGAARDFRANDSEN;TANITSAKAKINI;DESIGNELEMENTS Carol Fulp 32 bully pulpit Robert Culver mpa 1978 Guillermo Abaracon mpa 1998 Paul Sagan Linda Kaplan Thaler Work Maureen Gaffney William Cunningham mpa 1983 Munir Abu-Haidar Michael Sandler Anisya Thomas Denise Gatling Omar Daghestani mpp 2002 Nels Ackerson mpa 1971 Armen Sarkissian Margaret Traub > Followership: How Followers Marquetta Glass Mark Dalzell mpp 1979 Assilah Al Harthy Rajesh Shah Beatrice Trussardi Dana Goldinger Are Creating Change and Diane Damskey mpa2 1988 Mohammed Al-Tuwaijri John Shane Kathleen Valenti Sandra Gooch Shari Davis mpp 1989 Roy Ash Uriel Sharef Damayanti Vasudevan Jean Minskoff Grant Changing Leaders Beth deHamel mpp 1982 Kathleen Bader Nicholas Shreiber Herta Von Stiegel Jana Greer James DeNaut mpa2 1989 Suzanne Barnes mpa 1998 Douglas Sims Deidra Wager Caroline Gundeck Christine Dillon mpa 2004 Thomas Barry Barry Sloane mpa 1991 Judith Wagner Sarah Moores Walker Guthrie capital ideas Arturo Fermandois mpa 1994 Pius Baschera Neil Smith Meredith Wagner 36 Adrienne Hall Ernesto Fernandez-Hurtado Judith Benardete Alfred Spörri Geraldine Waldorf Sheila Harrell mpa 1948 Lawrence Bender Rory Stear Claudia Walters Barbara Harris Robert Ferri mpa 1986 Steven Berger Peter Steiner Lara Warner 38 classnotes Kathy Harris Caroline Flueh mpa2 1990 Daniel Biederman Mr. Björn Stigson Leigh Wasson Linda Hart From the Field: Ken Ansin John Gage ksgp 1971 Ali Bozkurt Christen Sveaas Marcia Wilson Joan Helpern Thomas Gallagher mpp 1978 Robert Calhoun Tony Tamer Marie Wilson Sara Hildebrand mpa 2006 and Jane Stollenmeyer Aaron Gershenberg mpp 1989 Robert Carp John Taysom Ellen Wingard Sandy Hillman Fred Hochberg s&l 1996 Cecilia Chan Edward Tian Georgia Witkin Poppy Holzworth mpa 2007 begin a global trek to Henry Hubschman mpp 1973, Victor Chu Sidney Topol V. Cheryl Womack Janice Bryant Howroyd jd 1972 Ferdinand “Moose” Samir Toubassy Anna Wu Alice Jacobs study microfinance. David Hulse mpp 1984 Colloredo-Mansfeld Stokley Towles Ann Ziegler Janice Jones Mazen Jaidah mpp 1996 Tony Conza Marvin Traub Claudia Kahn David Johnson mpp 1983 Howard Cox, Jr. Donald Tsang mpa 1982 Ann Kaplan 48 exit poll Stacey Keare mpp 1994 Adair Turner Laurel Karabian John Kennedy mpa 1988 Niki Tzavella Dato Fawziah Abdul Karim Petros Kokkalis mpa 2002 Agâh U˘gur Margaret Kavalaris Florence Koplow mpa 1995 Enzo Viscusi 14 executive summary THEDEAN’SWORD letters THOUGHTSFROMTHECONSTITUENCY

Dear readers, Associate Dean for Communications and Public Affairs www.hks.harvard.edu A university’s As dean I am often asked to speak about our alumni and the amazing Melodie Jackson mpa 2001 Web site has become much more than just impact they are having around the world. This is a task I relish, because Director, Alumni Programs Office that place to look for course listings and Debbie Metcalfe so many of our graduates are leading the way in helping solve the events schedules. It has become a pow- Editor world’s most challenging public problems. erful reflection of the institution itself. And Sarah Abrams Our graduates include un Secretary General Ban Ki-moon mpa 1984, we think that our new Web site reflects the Associate Editor Mexico’s President Felipe Calderón mpa 2000, Hong Kong’s Chief school a whole lot better. The design is Robert O’Neill Executive Donald Tsang mpa 1982, and Liberia’s President Ellen Johnson more inspired, the stories are more evoca- Contributing Writers Sirleaf mpa 1971, the first elected female president in Africa. tive, and the institution’s resources are Julia Hanna more accessible. We hope you agree. These individuals are also members of one of our school’s flagship Miranda Daniloff Mancusi international programs, the Mason Program, which this year celebrates Deborah Pardo-Kaplan its 50th anniversary. Lewis Rice In the following pages you will read about some of the remarkable Designers people who were Mason Fellows and about the man whose vision Some of the key players in the site’s Diane Sibley Jennifer Eaton Alden launched the program. Fifty years ago, Kennedy School Dean Edward S. redesign manned a station in the Forum in early March to publicize Printer Mason, for whom the program was eventually named, had the foresight the launch. From left: Liz Tempesta, Lane Press to know that fledgling democracies need much more than advice to Mark Bourne, Melodie Jackson, Rebecca Loose, Kevin Amorin. John F. Kennedy School of Government succeed. To truly prosper, countries must have trained leaders who pos- Publications Office sess the know-how to achieve economic independence. 79 John F. Kennedy Street At its outset, this new initiative brought seven individuals from Cambridge, MA 02138 Pakistan, India, and Burma to gain leadership and analytical skills. Phone: 617-495-1164 Fax: 617-495-5424 Within a decade, the program proved so popular that it had grown to Correction: In the winter issue of the recycling, which has its own environ- e-mail: [email protected] include students from countries such as Iran, Colombia, Argentina, Bulletin, we incorrectly reported on mental footprint, which may or may Copyright ©2008 by the President and Fellows Liberia, and Indonesia. page eight that our recycling efforts not be more troubling than paper of Harvard College. All rights reserved. saved 1,050 trees or 56 acres. The made from new fiber. Of the advan- According to many involved in its early years, the program’s accomplish- On the Web at: ment was not only in the training it provided struggling new democracies, correct number is three acres. The tages of pulpwood and new fiber use is www.hks.harvard.edu/ksgpress/bulletin/ but also in the information it provided developed countries about economic Bulletin reader who pointed out the that it helps keep the rural economy Front cover photograph: David Deal development in developing countries. Today, the Mason Program each year error had this to add: alive and increasingly importantly it enrolls approximately 50 students from more than 37 countries. In the fol- keeps forest land valuable enough that Paper recycling does in fact have a dif- Bulletin Advisory Board lowing pages you will read about some of these extraordinary alumni. owners can afford to pay taxes and ficult to determine environmental Gayane Afrikian mpa 2005 Ed Mason, who died in 1992, was a modest man. But I am certain he hopefully a profit. This provides an mpa 2001 benefit. Growing pulpwood on a sus- Jennifer Armini would be pleased with the program he started 50 years ago. As his son, economic incentive for private owners Jeanie Barnett mpa 2002 tainable renewable basis does not Edward, noted several years ago, when asked how his father might have (80% of all forests in the eastern U.S. Angela Calman mpa 2001 damage the environment, unless one Phil Cronin mpp 1996 responded to the program’s achievements, “I think he would say, ‘well done,’ are private, 30% in the west) to keep desires forests that do not produce Henry DeSio mpa 2001 to all who have helped to make it a continuing success.” their property covered by trees even timber products. Of course paper Bill Dodd mpa 2004 Later this year, we will celebrate the program’s 50th anniversary and pay with regular harvests. Without such Harry Durning, Jr. mpa 1970 recycling requires pulpwood har- tribute to a job well done by this remarkable man and the program’s out- value, forest land is typically sold or David King vesting. Each time paper is recycled David Luberoff mpa 1989 standing graduates. given up for taxes (historically) and the fibers are damaged, and, after a Heather Price mpa2 2002 over time lost from the green space we Dean David Ellwood few trips to the recycling plant, the Craig Sandler mpa 2000 all value. Steven Singer mpa 1986 April 2008 fibers are too damaged to be used and Scott Talan mpa 2002 therefore new — virgin fiber — is Daniel J. Robison, phd required to restock even the recycled Assistant Dean, College of Natural fiber feedstock. There is also consider- Resources

KENTDAYTON able energy and chemical input in North Carolina State University

2 KENNEDYSCHOOLBULLETIN | S P R I N G 2 0 0 8 3 from the Charles NEWSFROMTHESCHOOL The Soul of Democracy Vuk Jeremi´c mpa/id 2003 fights for Serbia’s future

SERBIANMINISTER of Foreign Affairs Vuk Jeremi´c mpa/id 2003 considers the significance of the date of his visit to the Kennedy School last fall. Five years earlier to the day — September 20, 2002 — Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Djindic spoke at the Kennedy School in the same Forum that Jeremi´cwas to address later that evening. Five years ago, Jeremi´cremembers, the Forum was “packed to the roof” to hear the man who had led the over- Jeremi´ccredits the Kennedy School for that throw of Slobodan Milosevic. A student here at the time, unwavering dedication. “Coming from the Jeremi´ccould not know then that Djindic had only months Kennedy School and being surrounded by people to live. On March 3, 2003, Djindic was assassinated by a who are totally devoted to the public good just member of a Serbian paramilitary group. gave me the clarity of purpose.” Looking back, Jeremi´cdescribes himself and his fellow It was during a chance meeting in 1999 with reformists and countrymen as “starry-eyed.” These were then-Director of the Kokkalis Program, Dimitris not just ghosts of the past,” he said, referring to the men Keridis and then-Associate Director Elaine who assassinated Djindic, “these were guys with guns ready Papoulias, now program director, when Jeremi´c to kill, and they were still very much a reality.” was in Boston visiting friends, that he was intro- Until Djindic’s assassination, Jeremi´c,a Cambridge duced to the Kennedy School. Learning of University-trained physicist, had planned to return to Jeremi´c’s involvement with Serbia’s democratic Serbia after graduating from the Kennedy School to help opposition movement, the Kokkalis director the country’s newly formed democratic government with arranged to host the movement’s leaders in the economic development. But Boris Tadi´c,the new defense Forum the following spring. minister, had other plans for him. Jeremi´cdescribes the scene that night in “If the Balkans remain So, after graduation, Jeremi´creturned to Serbia to work 2000 as “electric.” It was the first time that all of in the defense ministry. It was obvious, he said, that the Serbia’s opposition leaders had gathered in one a source of division inside Europe, military was part of the overall resistance to reform and had place. The Forum was packed. It was then, he Europe is going to stay weak.” been involved in the assassination. “Until we fought for says, that he knew he had to come to the Kennedy something far more fundamental, there would be no devel- School. In September 2001, Jeremi´centered the opment,” said Jeremi´c.“At that moment, the fight for the mpa/id program, the year after Serbia’s demo- – Vuk Jeremi´c soul of democracy was being fought inside the defense min- cratic revolution took place. istry. We would have either gotten them or they would have Today, as minister of foreign affairs, Jeremi´c gotten us.” acknowledges the continuing challenges facing After Tadi´cran for the presidency in 2004 and won, the Balkans. The Balkans, he says, will determine Jeremi´cbecame his foreign policy advisor and last spring, the shape of the European debate. “If the Balkans the minister of foreign affairs. remain a source of division inside Europe, “I would never have thought I was going to be in defense Europe is going to stay weak. If Europe solves and foreign affairs,” said Jeremi´c.“What was never wavering this problem successfully, then it is on its way was my commitment to public service and that what really to becoming a global player.” — SA mattered was to help the development of Serbia.” MARTHASTEWART

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Housing Continues Eliminating the Middleman Downward Spiral Coming up fast on the boys on the bus

According to the Joint Center for Housing Studies’ 2007 State of YouTube, the video- Computer Classroom the Nation’s Housing Report, the housing market is in the midst sharing site that has Executive Education adds online learning of a clear downturn. Unfortunately, since the report’s release, says risen to Web stardom in the center’s executive director, Eric Belsky, there’s been a further the less than three years decline in production, home sales, and housing prices. since its creation, is world will not be able to come to Harvard to take “It’s a clear worsening,” says Belsky, “especially for the doing for politics what it advantage of what we offer,” she says. “There are Midwest, Florida, and California.” has done for the ama- tens of thousands of leaders in countries all over Unlike a similar major deterioration in the late 1980s into the teur filmclip: eliminating the world whom we’d like to reach — not just 1990s, says Belsky, the current downturn was triggered by national the middleman and reach with our education, but to be part of a net- conditions. During the housing boom that preceded the latest bringing it straight to the work of professionals learning about how these downward fall, interest rates were at historic lows, the market was people. organizations are changing the face of politics tight, and inexpensive credit was available to borrowers originally Steve Grove mpp and governance throughout the world.” denied it. This combination of factors led to housing price apprecia- 2006, YouTube’s head of The sfno program consists of five two-week tion, price wars, and increased investor activity. news and politics, has Steve Grove on his inaugural YouTube modules on topics including strategy, mission, “So you have the market building up to a level that is greater seen the site become an appearance. portfolio management, marketing, and strategic than a sustainable level,” says Belsky, “and this just continues indispensable part of and feeds on itself,” making housing unaffordable. By 2004 and campaigning. positioning. Each module culminates in a live, 2005, interest rates started climbing, the market was flooded with All the major parties’ presidential candidates built their own online class led by Letts. too much supply, and a reversal began. A pushback on pricing YouTube channels, where they could post anything from slick com- Letts notes that this Executive Education cued many investors to exit the market, and then mortgage mercials to quick informal messages. YouTube cohosted two of the online program model is distinct from other problems arose. most widely seen primary debates ever, with questions submitted In 2007, more than a million homes entered foreclosure, Belsky by users. And, naturally, there have been thousands of political says, double the normal yearly rate. videos, from hilarious rants to sober analysis, posted to the site There are tens of thousands of leaders Some of the pressures on the stricken market can be alleviated by the public. with a quick drop in home building, which is now occurring, he The Internet has been an important part of news and politics for in countries all over the world says. However, the future outlook depends on how long credit is a while now. Bloggers and Internet fundraising were crucial compo- that we’d like to reach… constrained, on interest rates, and on the state of the economy in nents of the 2004 presidential elections. And more than a quarter case of a recession. of Americans now get their news online. But the impact video-sharing sites could have on politics became famously apparent in 2006, with the infamous ‘macaca’ PEOPLECOMEFROMALLOVERTHEWORLD to distance learning initiatives. sfno requires participants to incident. When Sen. George Allen, R-VA, was caught on tape using take part in Harvard Kennedy School Executive Education read preparatory material, participate in online discussions, an alleged racial slur during a campaign stop, the incident was programs. Now the programs will come to them — through answer study questions, complete an analysis of their own immediately posted by his opponent’s campaign and viewed hun- their computers. organization in the course workbook, and interact with dreds of thousands of times. Allen narrowly lost his seat, and the Launched in the spring, Executive Education’s first online course assistants. The resulting experience equals the Democrats won control of the Senate. program, Strategic Frameworks for Nonprofit/Nongovern- demands of the traditional classroom programs offered by “That was a seminal moment in American politics, where you mental Organizations (sfno) is for executives of nonprofit Executive Education, according to Letts. “I see how they saw that suddenly voters and citizens had more power than ever and nongovernmental organizations for whom the costs and interact with one another on the discussion board about before to hold politicians accountable,” Grove says. logistics of attending the Kennedy School are prohibitive. the concepts, and the workbook shows me how they have “The fundamental problem with the decision to own a home,” Grove says he fell hard for YouTube as he traveled round the But the demand for executive education is still great, says applied the coursework to their organizations,” she says. said Belsky, “is that it’s based on the future and what happens in world with two Kennedy School colleagues in the summer of 2006, Christine Letts, senior associate dean for executive education Currently three additional online programs are planned the future, and the future is uncertain.” when they used the site to post their own videos. and Rita E. Hauser Lecturer in the Practice of Philanthropy during the next year on financial management, organizing, With all the turmoil in the housing and mortgage markets and “I was amazed by the way in which this new video technology the public policy issues dealing with the chronic housing problems, was liberating people to speak in a way that they had never been and Nonprofit Leadership, chair of the inaugural program. and governance. Executive Education is doing all it can, Letts the next State of the Nation’s Housing Report, due out in June, will able to before,” he says. “In cooperation with the Hauser Center for Nonprofit says, to provide access to people who could benefit from the bring updated clarification to the complexities of recent trends. The future looks busy. More candidates, for every conceivable 10 Organizations, we’ve spent the last years developing good training of the Kennedy School, including seeking sponsors The center has produced the annual report for 20 years. office, are flocking to the site. Millions of users are checking them curriculum for nonprofit leaders and social entrepreneurs, for fellowships. — LR out. And the general election is still around the corner.

and we recognize that many, many nonprofit leaders in the IMAGESOURCE/CORBIS ISTOCK

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ALUMNIINTHENEWS Humble Servant Timothy Patrick Newsmakers Medal Winner Liberian President Ellen McCarthy, adjunct lecturer in public APPOINTMENTS/PROMOTIONS Johnson Sirleaf mpa 1971 was policy, received the National Coalition One School Stew Uretsky has been pro- awarded the presidential for Burned Churches’ 2007 Humble moted to chief administrative and financial Medal of Freedom in Servant Award. As the founding The Big Unknown officer. The move is part of a “One School” November. “All her life, director of Harvard’s Alternative initiative designed to increase collabora- President Sirleaf has Spring Break Church Rebuilding tion across administrative functions. He been a pioneer,” Program, McCarthy has brought will oversee the school’s financial, human President Bush said nearly 200 students to the THEDEARTHOFWOMEN entering the political resource, and facilities functions, as well at the White House South since 1997 to rebuild Q&A>>> arena is a problem that cuts across both poor and as the information services department. award ceremony. “The African-American churches that rich countries. Rohini Pande, professor of public president has the tough have been burned by arson policy, whose current research looks at bias against women leaders Informed Officer Don Oppenheimer mind of a natural- attacks. is the school’s new chief information in 500 villages in West Bengal, India, examines the extent to which born executive and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf officer. His extensive experience includes CENTERSANDPROGRAMS exposure to women in political roles may actually reduce bias. the gentle instincts of 15 years as the chief information and a mother.” In June, Johnson Sirleaf will be Ash Institute After five years at the helm, >>> How has political affirmative action contributed to improving the knowledge officer of Goodwin Procter llp. Harvard Kennedy School’s commencement Gowher Rizvi will step down as director of situation for women in India? For the past four years, he has been an speaker. the Ash Institute for Democratic Govern- ance and Innovation at the end of June to What’s improving the situation is that affirmative action has already independent information and knowledge Good Gig The efforts of Michelle Rhee become senior advisor at the Sheikh been implemented in India and South Bangladesh at the local level. management consultant. mpp 1997 to turn around the public school Mohammad bin Rashid Al Maktoum New Development Mary Beth At this level — we were looking at village councils — one-third of system in the nation’s capital Foundation. He will be replaced by Tony Pearlberg has joined the positions must be reserved for women. My research shows that continue to attract attention Saich, a professor of international affairs school as the new senior affirmative action plays an important role in these societies and plaudits. But in a and director of the Harvard University Asia associate dean for because it affects people’s willingness to have women as leaders recent Wall Street Center. and influences beliefs about what women can do as leaders. external affairs. Journal profile, Pearlberg, who will she insisted that Hauser Center After 10 years as faculty >>> How are women leaders in India’s village-level democracies lead the school’s being a school director of the Hauser Center for Nonprofit evaluated when there is no prior exposure to them in such development chancellor was Organizations, Mark Moore mpp 1971, positions? initiatives and a “one-time phd 1974 passed the baton to Chris Stone. What we found is that although women may be doing things oversee alumni gig…so I can Stone, who will continue to direct the differently than men, they didn’t seem to be doing worse in terms of programs, most make every Program in Criminal Justice Policy and Management, has helped lead and create performance. However, they are systematically evaluated as doing recently led single decision fundraising efforts more than half a dozen nonprofit organiza- worse than men by the general population. in a way in which for a new university I think is in the tions domestically and internationally. for women from South >>> What sort of progress have U.S. women made in entering the best interests of the IOP After eight years as director of the and Southeast Asia. political arena? kids — without the John F. Kennedy Jr. Forum — that’s 614 Female participation in the labor force has increased dramatically Career Move Sandra Hessler politics, without owing Forums — Bill White mpa 2003 returned to in the United States, but women’s representation in politics has been mpa 2000 is returning to the Kennedy people, just with that in mind.” public service, joining the Patrick adminis- much slower. Women are not only entering politics at lower rates than School as assistant dean and director of Rhee spoke at the John F. Kennedy Jr. tration as assistant secretary for federal men, but also at lower rates than other disadvantaged groups, which at the Office of Professional Development. Forum on April 15. relations in the Department of Energy and Hessler has long experience in marketing Environmental Affairs. least raises the possibility that political leadership is not seen as an appropriate AWARDSANDHONORS and brand management and also taught role for women. Advancing Science William Clark, pro- Mason Fellows Paulina Gonzalez-Pose is a class on “Marketing for Social Change” fessor of international science, public the new director of the Mason Fellows >>> What role does gender play in the current U.S. presidential campaign? at Tufts University’s Center for Women policy, and human development, has been Program. Gonzalez-Pose comes to the Exposure to greater female leadership might open the doors for more women to and Enterprise. made a fellow of the American Association school from the Inter-American Develop- follow because people will learn that women are fallible in exactly the same ways for the Advancement of Science (aaas). ment Bank, where she has worked for a as men or, perhaps, in different ways. Currently people don’t know whether the The aaas cited Clark’s contributions to dozen years. She is a native of Chile and gender of the candidate should be an important issue. Right now it is a big interdisciplinary studies of global environ- a U.S. citizen. unknown. — DPK mental change, particularly in regard to the uses of scientific knowledge in sustain-

Rohini Pande MARTHASTEWART BOTTOM:JANICENADEAU:TOP:MARTHASTEWART ability policies and practice.

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Challenge Accepted

British-born Professor Malcolm Sparrow mpa 1986 (near right) happened to mention to mpp2 students at last fall’s orientation that he’d never lost a game of table tennis to an American. Naveed Malik mpp 2008 (far right) decided to defend the honor and abilities of all U.S. students by challenging Sparrow, faculty chair of the mpp Program, to prove his claim. The result: a table was purchased and installed in the Taubman rotunda, students were recruited, and much table tennis was played. And does Sparrow’s assertion remain true? “So far so good,” he says with a smile. “What’s really delightful is that so many students from all across the world turn out to enjoy this game.” TANITSAKAKINI

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A Matter of Trust Study shows difficult adjustment for Designer Good diverse communities Communities with more ethnic diversity tend to possess lower Cynthia Smith mpa 2005 curates public service levels of trust, social solidarity, and social capital, according to a study conducted by Robert Putnam, Malkin Professor of Public Policy. PRONOUNCEDALOUD, the word “design” has a sleek The 2007 study, which drew its findings from 30,000 individuals sound that fits well with its usual associations: the curvy living in communities across the country, found that as diversity bumper of a sports car, for example, or an elegantly min- increases in communities, individuals are less likely to trust their imal, terrifically expensive chaise lounge. For Cynthia Smith neighbors and involve themselves in community activities and mpa 2005, however, the word has connotations that stretch more likely to watch television and generally “hunker down.” The study showed that in a diverse community, even when well beyond the usual notion of a nifty, must-have object. individuals were of the same ethnic background, they were less Trained as an industrial designer, Smith, a curator at the trustful of each other. One unfortunate result of this study, Putnam Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum in New York, says, is that the findings have been used by some to reinforce fears recently organized “Design for the Other 90%,” an exhibi- of living among people from different ethnic backgrounds and as tion that explores a growing trend among designers to an argument against immigration. develop solutions for the approximately 5.8 billion people Describing himself as a strong advocate for diversity, Putnam (90 percent of the world’s population) not traditionally points out that, over the long run, ethnic diversity has many served by the professional design community. This includes demonstrable advantages to society, including cultural, economic, more than half the world who live on and fiscal. less than two dollars a day and lack “Becoming comfortable with diversity is not easy or quick,” said the means to obtain such basics as Above: The Q-Drum Right: Global Village Above: Bamboo Before coming to the Kennedy Putnam, at the time the findings were released last year, “but it will health, shelter, water, education, transports water. Shelters are tempo- treadle pump. School, Smith worked for a New York be speeded by our collective efforts and in the end will be well Designer: P.J. and rary, emergency Designer: Gunnar worth the effort. One great achievement of human civilization is our energy, and transportation. J.P.S. Hendrikse; shelters. Designer: Barnes and Interna- architecture firm with a primary focus ability to redraw more inclusive lines of social identity. Our national “Quite often, the designers involved manufacturer: Kay- Ferrara Design, Inc., tional Development on planning for cultural institutions. motto — e pluribus unum — reflects precisely that objective — in these projects don’t have design mac Rotomoulders with Architecture for Enterprises Nepal; A longtime political activist, she made and Pioneer Plastics, Humanity; manufac- manufacturer: small- namely to create union out of diversity. Our current immigration training,” Smith remarks. “These Pretoria, South turer: Weyerhaeuser and medium-sized an unsuccessful bid for district leader debate needs to focus more on that task.” designers use current technologies, Africa, 1993; linear Company, United local workshops, in Manhattan’s District 66. “I have Putnam, who also directs the low-density poly- States, 2004; triple Nepal and Bangla- or look to earlier applications to find friends who say, thank goodness you Saguaro Seminar, first published ethelene (lldpe); wall-laminated corru- desh, 2006; metal, what is most affordable for any given dimensions: 14"h x gated cardboard; plastic, bamboo; lost or you never would have gone his findings in “E Pluribus design, and use emerging technologies 19.5" diameter dimensions: 92"h x dimensions: 5'h x to the Kennedy School,” she laughs. Unum: Diversity and to leapfrog communities into this cen- 98.5"w x 98.5"d 2.5'w x 7'd “My studies there and the people I Community in the Twenty- tury.” met informed how I curated the show. first Century” last June. The bamboo treadle pump is a piece of equipment that Some of the projects included in the exhibit have been At the Kennedy School, you get windows into worlds that In 2000, he received has been around for decades. It works when the user walks around for years, while others are prototypes. A Day Labor you might not see otherwise. It’s a broad, cross-disciplinary worldwide recognition in a natural walking motion on two treadles that activate Station designed by Public Architecture (pa) offers sanita- perspective that mirrors what I saw in my research, where so for his book Bowling Alone: The Collapse the pistons and enables farmers to reach water below ground tion facilities, meeting space, and shelter for the multitude much of the innovative work is happening across sectors.” and Revival of American during the dry season. The nonprofit organization Inter- of day laborers who look for work each day in the United As a result of the exhibit, Smith has been speaking on the Community, about the national Development Enterprises reengineered the pump States. “Normally architects in the public sector wait for a topic of socially responsible design at a number of schools decrease in civic engage- out of inexpensive materials, reducing the cost so that municipality or some public agency to come to them with a and universities. “That’s been quite wonderful because a lot ment in the last several farmers in Asia and Africa could afford to purchase one of design request,” notes Smith. “In this case, pa went out and of this work is coming out of universities,” she says. “I really decades and the benefits their own. As a result, many of the farmers doubled their net spoke to day laborers, treating them as they would any client think there’s going to be a shift as students graduate and of “social capital” or social net- annual incomes in one year. “That pump and many of the and creating something that actually meets their needs.” So focus on this area of design.” — JH works to both individuals and communities. For further information other objects in the show were developed by working far, agencies in Texas and California have been in touch with For more information visit http://blog.cooperhewitt.org/ about Putnam’s latest work, visit www.blackwellpublishing.com and directly with the end user to determine exactly what they pa about building stations in their states. category/Design-for-the-Other-90/. The exhibit will next www.hks.harvard.edu/saquaro.

need to emerge from poverty,” says Smith. DRUM:RECONSTRUCTION; ©1993 P.J. HENDRIKSE; PUMP: ©2003 SHELTER: INTERNATIONAL ©2005open ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT FOR ENTERPRISES; HUMANITY in AND ILLUSTRATION: GRENADA spring RELIEF, JANICE NADEAU RECOVERY, AND at the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis.

12 KENNEDYSCHOOLBULLETIN | S P R I N G 2 0 0 8 13 FROMTHECHARLES

Advisor to Presidents, Friend to the School

Richard Darman, a fac- He was back in service under President Gerald Ford, and ulty member, a friend of then briefly under President Jimmy Carter before coming to the school, and a public the Kennedy School in 1977 as adjunct lecturer and lecturer. A Meeting of the Minds servant who held senior But he was soon drawn back to government service. positions under five In 1980, he joined the Reagan administration as assistant Business and government partner presidents, died in to the president, controlling the flow of paper to the presi- January of leukemia. dent. It was a position that made Darman, as one insider ONACOLDJANUARYNIGHT in 1983, Professors He was 64. noted, the “nerve center” of the administration. Richard Neustadt, Thomas Schelling, Al Carnesale, “He was a remark- With the election of President George H.W. Bush in Winthrop Knowlton, and Graham Allison gathered for able man, a demanding 1988, Darman joined the cabinet as director of the Office Dick Darman teaching in the Executive Education public servant, a superb of Management and Budget. In 1990 he helped negotiate dinner. The food for thought: the central intellectual Program, Senior Managers in Government, in 1980 professor, and a friend a deficit reduction deal with Democrats that would force question of the Center for Business and Government, to me, the school, and Bush to go back on his “read my lips, no new taxes” election founded the year before. the university,” said Dean David Ellwood. promise. It was good policy, Darman would argue, but it As Knowlton, the Center’s first director recalls: “We Darman, who grew up in Wellesley, Massachusetts, graduated from proved to be politically poisonous. were asking, how do we want the business-government Harvard in 1964 and the Harvard Business School in 1967, before joining Darman joined the Carlyle Group, the private equity relationship to change? Do we want them to be partners?” government service. He worked in a succession of cabinet departments investment firm, in 1993. By 1997, he was back at the Business, says Knowlton, has emerged as a global force. before arriving at the Justice Department in 1973. He helped arrange the Kennedy School, serving as public service professor until For evidence he points out that one has to look no further plea bargain that led to Vice President Spiro Agnew’s resignation. He 2002, and then as a member of the Visiting Committee. than Walmart’s ability to mobilize supplies to flood victims then followed his mentor, Attorney General Elliot Richardson, who quit He also served for many years as a member of the during Hurricane Katrina. “We are in a state of some denial rather than follow President Richard Nixon’s orders to fire Special board of directors of the Belfer Center for Science and about the failures of the public sector,” says Knowlton. But Watergate Investigator Archibald Cox. International Affairs. does the rise of the private sector “redress the growing imbalances between efficiency and equity?” keynote addresses by two top regulators: Mark McClellan Professor Roger Porter, director of the center from 1998 mpa 1991, former Medicare administrator and fda chief; and Footprint >>> Jameel Poverty Action Lab to 2001, believes the United States has made some progress current sec Chairman Christopher Cox, who spoke at the toward bridging the gulf between the two sectors. “We have first endowed Glauber Lecture. In the often contentious debate over for- iate, focusing on microcredit organizations lab’s South Asia office; and Florencia had a remarkable run of economic growth in the United “The balance between business and government has eign aid and development, which can in India. Devoto mpa/id 2004 is coordinator of the States in the last 25 years,” says Porter, due in part to a less shifted back and forth in recent decades,” notes Professor perhaps be reduced crudely to more Several alumni also have joined the lab: lab’s projects in Morocco. Other alumni adversarial relationship between the two sectors. John Ruggie, the center’s current director. “We’ve got to get money versus more efficiency, the Jameel Paz Guzman Caso de los Cobos mpa 2007 work closely with the lab on some projects, Abdul Lateef Poverty Action Lab seeks to is senior project manager at the lab’s Cam- such as Katie Conn mpa/id 2006, who is Addressing the needs of business, government has over an either-or mentality if we are to deal with pressing add a note of scientific rigor. bridge office; Elizabeth Beasley mpa/id an evaluation consultant on education and “attended to producing smarter and less burdensome regu- social challenges at home and abroad. Each sector has Since its founding in 2003 at mit, the 2005 is head of the lab’s European office; public health projects in Kenya. lation and…has been quite responsible in handling the indispensable roles to play that it cannot — and must not — lab has taken an exacting, quantitative Lindy Miller mpa/id 2004 heads up the macroeconomic measures such as inflation and unemploy- relegate to the other. Our aim at the center is to define approach to development policy, using ment, to create an environment so business can flourish.” those roles and to suggest the best means of putting them a network of researchers both in the field Teacher attendance In rural Indian schools, it’s the teachers who often play And, adds Porter, business has been responsive to the needs into practice.” and in the lab to conduct randomized hooky, sometimes up to 50 percent of the time. The Poverty Lab studied several of society in meeting social objectives such as health, safety, As Harvard’s Kennedy School and Business School launch trials. policies designed to boost teacher attendance. The data suggested the most and a cleaner environment. their first joint degree program in fall 2008, many students The results have been important and effective way to ensure the teacher’s presence was to give students a cheap For the past two and a half decades, the intersection of will have careers spanning both sectors. The work of the innovative contributions to policy debates camera and have them take a picture of the teacher at the beginning of school the business-government relationship has been the business center and of these students will create public value at the on issues ranging from improving teacher and before the final bell. of the center, renamed the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for nexus of the public and private sectors. In an economy that attendance in rural India to finding a link Business and Government in 2005. The tension in balancing is faster, more high-tech, and more global than 25 years between intestinal worms and student Dew0rming Randomized trials sometimes offer unanticipated insights. performance. (see sidebars). A project in Kenya looked at primary school participation focused on the effects regulation and free market innovation was the focus of the ago, says, Ruggie, maximizing the synergies of the business- Kennedy School faculty and alumni are of deworming young children. The analysis found children were healthier, had center’s anniversary conference, “New Directions in Regula- government relationship is more critical than ever before. playing an important role in its work. Dan lower rates of anemia, and even grew a little taller. In addition, when younger tory Policy,” last October. — MDM More than 100 experts explored regulatory policy in a Levy, senior economics lecturer, provides children were dewormed, they attended school 15 more days a year. The lab For additional information go to www.hks.harvard.edu/ training support, and Rohini Pande, eco- found deworming was the most inexpensive way of increasing participation. number of sectors, including the environment, financial m-rcbg/25thanniversary.htm.

nomics professor, is another senior affil- A global deworming initiative has been launched following that research. ABOVE:MARTHASTEWART JANICENADEAU services, health care, and energy. The conference featured

14 KENNEDYSCHOOLBULLETIN | S P R I N G 2 0 0 8 15 ONE MAN’S

LAWYER JARED GENSER mpp 1998 was a second-year law student, two years out of the Kennedy School, doing an externship with a human rights group in London when he came across James Mawdsley’s case. Mawdsley was in a Burmese prison. It was his third time, but this time there had been no quick deportation. This time the young Briton’s protest of that country’s military dictatorship – he had been arrested as he handed out prodemocracy leaflets – had earned him a 17-year prison sentence in solitary confinement. Genser didn’t know exactly what he could do, but he contacted Mawdsley’s family and asked if he could represent their son. A member of the British House of Lords was helping them, but they did not have a lawyer. He reminded them that he was still a student, but they said they would take all the help they could get.

Using the law, and sometimes much more, to fight for human rights

BYROBERTO’NEILLPHOTOGRAPHYBYDAVIDDEAL

17 ANATOMY OF way to address other victims A CASE of the blasphemy laws. It would be the group’s first case and a difficult test of on a Raul Wallenberg Fellowship, working in the AYUB MASIH was a 26-year- their model. “For me everything clicked at that moment.” office of then-Jerusalem Mayor Ehud Olmert. old man living in a small Genser and Freedom Now Genser arrived at the Kennedy School as one Christian community in board member Fani Cyd Geroff of the first recipients of the prestigious public Pakistan’s Punjab Province in petitioned the United Nations’ “I had an idea of what to do although I didn’t know how effective it was going service fellowships. His focus was on criminal 1996 when he was arrested Working Group on Arbitrary under the country’s draconian Detention in October 2001. to be,” Genser says. justice policy and conflict resolution and he spent blasphemy laws. Neighbors Barely eight weeks later, the Retracing the steps he had taken while working on a human rights case during his summer in South Africa helping establish a claimed Masih, a Christian, Working Group issued its an internship the previous summer, he filed a brief with a relatively obscure community service model there. He was cutting had urged others to read opinion, finding that Masih United Nations body, the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, detailing the a path toward a career in domestic public Salman Rushdie’s Satanic had been imprisoned in con- illegality of Mawdsley’s imprisonment. service work. Verses (the book, which had travention of the Universal That summer, while working in Washington, he took the case to Capitol Hill And then the Chinese president came to famously earned its author a Declaration of Human Rights. too, eventually getting 23 lawmakers to sign a letter urging Mawdsley’s release. Harvard. death sentence, had never Meanwhile Freedom Now Mawdsley was more than 400 days into his sentence, and Genser was back Genser didn’t see anything wrong with been translated into Urdu, pressed on with the other studying in his dorm room for a law school corporate finance mid-term when the Harvard’s invitation to President Jiang Zemin in the only language Masih prongs of its strategy, United Nations called. The un body had ruled Mawdsley was being held in viola- October 1997. But he says he was shocked by the spoke) and had pronounced arranging for a letter from 12 tion of international law. With news coming out that Mawdsley had also been university’s policy to ban protesters from campus Christianity to be “correct.” U.S. senators to be delivered severely beaten by prison guards, the pressure on the Burmese government grew and its initial decision to prevent students from For Masih, it was only the to Pakistani President Pervez beginning of a brutal six-year Musharraf. Nine of the sena- too intense. Mawdsley was released. questioning the Chinese leader. legal odyssey. tors were on the committee Two days later, in a vip room at Heathrow Airport, Genser finally met his client. He became one of the leaders of the student Masih’s small Christian responsible for approving the Mawdsley gave him a firm handshake, then said: “Thanks, you saved my life.” protest accidentally, he recalls, helping coordinate community was evacuated hundreds of millions of “For me everything clicked at that moment,” Genser says. “I didn’t really logistics for the large event. from their village (leading dollars in aid the United States fathom what being a human rights lawyer meant other than helping people But the experience changed him. some to charge that Masih’s gave Pakistan each year. in tough circumstances. But that’s an abstract concept. For me, this was an affir- “Through that whole experience I just found arrest had been orchestrated Weeks later, the Supreme mation of my view that I might actually be able to help people suffering under myself really inspired by the people whom I as little more than a land- Court heard arguments in the yoke of oppression. It was proven correct at that one moment, and it was met,” he says. (One of those people was former grab.) Then, in 1997, while in Masih’s appeal, and in lan- extraordinary.” Tiananmen Square activist Yang Jian-li phd 2001, a courtroom, Masih was shot guage similar to the un’s whom Genser would represent a decade later and seriously injured by Working Group, reversed following Yang’s imprisonment in China.) an accuser (who was never Masih’s conviction on blas- PUBLIC SERVICE had defined Genser’s life from a very early age. “Hearing their stories and what they and their prosecuted). During his trial, phemy charges and ordered religious extremists threat- his immediate release. He was working in a soup kitchen in seventh grade, and in high school, in the families had been through, I just found them ened to kill him, his lawyers, Fearing more violence, Washington suburb of Potomac, Maryland, he was volunteering in a hospice. incredibly compelling. And I really felt that some- and the judge if he was not Freedom Now worked with the The impetus, he says, came from his parents — his father a psychiatrist in thing needed to be done to try to help people convicted. He received the State Department and other government service, his mother a clinical social worker. facing this kind of oppression. I just said: ‘This death penalty in 1998. groups to help Masih leave “I came from a family that was in public service in one way or another,” he says. is what I want to do.’” In prison, Masih had to Pakistan. Masih arrived in the Genser and James “I was always encouraged to try to do my part, to leave my mark on the world, and The protest was successful, drawing thousands endure atrocious conditions. United States in September Mawdsley, on the have a positive impact on people.” to Harvard in one of the biggest demonstrations He was beaten by other 2002 and has since been day Mawdsley By the time he was an undergraduate at Cornell, he was teaching English as a the school had seen since the tumultuous days of prisoners, denied medical granted political asylum. He arrived in London care, and confined to an 8' has learned English and plans on October 20, 2001 second language to university employees, founding the Best Buddies Program to the anti-Vietnam War movement. But it left help people with developmental disabilities, and organizing a public service day Genser feeling that more had to be accomplished. by 8' cell, where temperatures to become a Christian min- for students. “I just felt like I needed to have another set of were often over 120 degrees ister. Masih’s case also helped He took a year off to work with Kathleen Kennedy Townsend’s Maryland tools, and that’s what drew me to law,” he says. Fahrenheit. push through reforms to the Asked by a local ngo to blasphemy laws. Student Service Alliance, helping implement a statewide community service His time at the University of Michigan Law intervene in 2001, Freedom requirement for high school graduation, then after graduating he traveled to Israel School would be focused entirely on human Now saw the Masih case as a rights. But even after Mawdsley’s release, in COURTESYJAREDGENSER

18 KENNEDYSCHOOLBULLETIN | S P R I N G 2 0 0 8 19 “Freeing an unjustly imprisoned person is a Since the publication of the report on Burma, victory for that individual and for justice, and which was commissioned by former Czech with clients facing a death sentence you’re saving President Vaclav Havel and Nobel Peace Prize a life,” he says. But by helping individuals laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Burma’s “I didn’t really fathom what being a human rights involved in a larger cause, that case has a multi- situation has been voted onto the Security plier effect. “If you believe that it’s important Council’s agenda. lawyer meant other than helping people in tough even in repressive societies to maintain the pres- And his work on North Korea, commissioned ence and active participation of however small a by Havel, Bondevik, and Nobel Peace Prize circumstances.” October 2001, and the affirmation of his chosen path, Genser felt he had only group of people who are standing up for a better laureate Elie Wiesel, invoked the new doctrine scratched the surface. way of life and more fair means of self-gover- that a state is responsible for protecting its own “Reflecting on it I wasn’t too impressed by myself,” he says. “I got a white guy nance, then getting any of them their freedom for people from the most serious of human rights out of a Burmese prison. The question in my mind was: Can we get a Pakistani whatever period of time, I think that is success.” abuses, including crimes against humanity. The out of a Pakistani prison? Can we get a Chinese person out of a Chinese prison? Genser’s work in some way came full circle report details North Korea’s unwillingness to Can we get a Vietnamese man or woman out of a Vietnamese prison? That’s the last year, when nearly five years of work resulted protect its people from famines that have killed real test.” in the release from a Chinese prison of Yang, as many as one million people, as well as the Genser spent two years working for the consulting firm McKinsey before the Chinese democracy activist who had helped imprisonment of more than 200,000 political joining the law firm of dla Piper, where he continues to work today representing draw Genser into the field of human rights back prisoners, and urges Security Council action. international clients before Congress and the executive branch. But the challenge at Harvard. Genser led teams of dla Piper attorneys to he had set himself following Mawdsley’s release would lead to the creation of Yang had been blacklisted by the Chinese complete the two influential reports. Freedom Now. government for his prodemocracy activism, but Carl Gershman says Genser’s work is a unique he returned there anyway in 2002, traveling on a blend of law and strategy, something few people friend’s passport to document labor conditions. can accomplish. “He has the ability to think how A NONPROFIT dedicated to representing prisoners of conscience, Freedom Now has developed into a remarkably successful organization. Using the Mawdsley case as a template, it approaches human rights cases from a unique perspective. By representing the individuals as counsel, Freedom Now places itself “…I might actually be able to help people at the center of the case. “That’s a key difference,” Genser says. suffering under the yoke of oppression…it was An example is Aung San Suu Kyi, the world’s only imprisoned Nobel Peace Prize laureate, who has been confined by the country’s military dictatorship to extraordinary.” to develop a strategy, as well as a remarkable house arrest for 12 of the past 18 years for her leadership of the opposition, which ability to organize resources,” said Gershman, won more than 80 percent of the vote in that country’s 1990 election and was director of the National Endowment for never allowed to take office. He was arrested and sentenced to five years in Democracy, a private, publicly funded ngo that Since being asked by her family to represent her in 2006, Genser obtained a prison for illegal entry and espionage. Left to right, Genser, Yang Jian-li, spends $100 million of U.S. funds annually to un 40 his son Aaron, and his wife, decision by the ’s Working Group, reaffirming the illegality of her detention. More than letters and petitions were promote democracy worldwide. (Yang is a ned Christina Fu, at Boston’s Logan Working with former Norwegian Prime Minister Kjell Magne Bondevik, Genser written on Yang’s behalf, including several by grantee.) The impact of Genser’s work has also Airport on August 18, 2007. Yang’s was also able to help coordinate a letter from 59 current and former world leaders Kennedy School and other Harvard faculty. led to national and international recognition, the cause was also taken up by urging the military junta to release Suu Kyi. Resolutions were passed in Congress calling for Harvard and Kennedy School fac- most recent being his selection as a World ulty, with professors like Richard “There were a lot of people rowing, but not in a common direction,” his release. And news outlets covered Yang’s mis- Economic Forum’s Young Global Leader. Zeckhauser leading the way. At the Genser says. treatment in prison. Genser is now working to make Freedom Now time of Yang’s release, Zeckhauser Freedom Now begins by carefully picking the individuals it wants to represent, Yang was eventually released from prison in noted, “This is absolutely the best a more permanent structure, with an office, a news I ever could have imagined.” then creating a legal, political, and public relations strategy. The “full-service” April 2007 and was finally allowed to fly back to staff, an endowment, and the ability to take on approach has been remarkably successful, helping secure the release of its first the United States in August. more cases. six clients. “It was a wonderful airport moment,” says That’s an ambition his clients can applaud. In the universe of human rights abuse, that is perhaps a tiny number, but Genser, who traveled to Boston to meet Yang. “Believe me,” Mawdsley says, “if the world is success can be measured in different ways, says Freedom Now co-founder Jeremy Genser’s work on individual cases is also bal- silent in the face of your suffering, then it is Zucker mpp 1997. anced by other human rights work he has pro- much harder to endure.” duced through his law firm, including two major reports on human rights abuses in North Korea and Burma. COURTESYJAREDGENSER

20 KENNEDYSCHOOLBULLETIN | S P R I N G 2 0 0 8 21 i o n d d e c o a n m e n s o i n a a N PROGb p O e R h S l A A a M i v l M o l s i o p k i n ea e r s o kh 50 l n h a YEARS t r o e u v o p o a s r ch a a d k y s l ny enned p ke a n e k ta lad i s ng s h ba t ak key a z tur n a n a k aija r ic erb o WORLDLYa az m o m ja g q oba a a d t n ir an i n d a a da ir rini a na d t f ha lan g r g hai h do a t a ua tin n ec gen i c r s li n a t ub wa a ep tai n r n can da u ini su z om ica b a d min e ric do Alumni of the Mason Program, which k sta ka is WISEco n a t ela i l a ezu sr this year celebrates its 50th anniversary, n ven pt SINGAPORE ARMENIA INDIA ECUADOR oon egy b amer ica r ne c afr say the lessons learned as Mason Fellows a leo th z ierra ou i zil s s l ia bra bia were invaluable to their careers. s armen lom kistain co i istan uzbe e opia ndonesia phillipine stan romania afghan r thi s nepal paki r ro e BYLEWISRICE a teneg l mon e and erobia ssia s n aria ru e s bulg c ilippine a nama ph m stine pa e iberia pale r ova nigeria l o mold o n ve n 50 e IN A CLASSROOM on the Kennedy School Now celebrating its th year, thez Masonu Program has The program was launched by Edward Mason, who served peppers the new Mason Fellows with questions, asking a stu- e campus, people are discussing the New Partnership for Africa’s evolved from the Public Service Program,la which began with as dean of the Graduate School of Public Administration, the dent from Africa, for instance, “Do you agree that the market Development (nepad), an organization initiated by five African seven students in 1957, to its current incarnationco as the Kennedy precursor to the Kennedy School. Mason, who died in 1992, economy is the way Africa ought to go?” s heads of state to improve the socioeconomic development of School’s flagship international program, enrollingta more than developed the initiative to help train economists from emerging “I emphasize that a lot of your learning is going to go on r the continent. Several students from Africa offer their opinions 50 professionals from government, ngos, and the privatei sector. countries. The program has been integrated into the Kennedy with your interaction with one another, so you need to know ca d on issues close to home. Then a student from Eastern Europe Alumni include the president of Liberia, Ellen Johnsono Sirleaf School’s Mid-Career Master in Public Administration Program who these other Mason Fellows are,” Thomas says. m adds her perspective: “I was involved in the debt initiative from mpa 1971; the Secretary General of the United Nations, Banin and each year draws students from more than 35 countries. He ends the class by asking about the role of leadership. i the g-8 side...” Ki-moon mpa 1984; and Felipe Calderón mpa 2000, presidentc “We’re looking for agents of change who are already on a How much consensus do leaders need to pursue their goals? an It’s an example of the interconnectedness that binds each of Mexico. r trajectory in their professional lives and who will share their It’s the kind of question Thomas expects the Mason Fellows ep year’s group of Mason Fellows, mid-career professionals from “The Mason Program looks for professionals who have u experiences with others,” says Gonzalez-Pose. “This sharing will face themselves after they return to their home countries. bl around the world who come to the Kennedy School to learn the demonstrated leadership and dedication to public service,” ic is essential because the Mason Program offers a tripod of “They look more broadly at the question of leadership and e skills that have propelled many to top leadership positions in says Paulina Gonzalez-Pose, director of the program. cu learning. It is a three-way process. Students learn from faculty, the roles they play,” he says. “I do think it’s a very empowering ad their home countries. As Dean David Ellwood told the class at “They are people who possess uncommon stamina, passion, or faculty also learn from students, and students learn from each year for them.” the end of the session: “When you look and see what Mason and drive, who have made an important commitment to g other. Alumni of the program agree. On the following pages, ha Fellows have done, it’s extraordinary. I believe what you learn making a difference.” naThe person in the program who has been part of the several have offered testimonials to the power of their Mason ir here will make you better. Some people talk about it as a trans- teachingan process the longest is John Thomas. Now a lecturer in Fellows experience, showing how their year at the Kennedy ir formative experience.” public policy,aq Thomas first started as a graduate student advisor School has influenced their careers and lives: in 1966 and laterja served as program director. During a class, he ma ica ka za 22 kh KENNEDYSCHOOLBULLETIN | S P R I N G 2 0 0 8 23 sta n k enya SINGAPORE ARMENIA INDIA ECUADOR

1960–1961 Prime Minister Lee Hsien Gayane Afrikian mpa 2005 Shri Vinod Rai mpa 1988 Nathalie Cely mpa 2001 Number of fellows 12 Loong mpa 1980 ceo, National Comptroller and Minister of Social Development Men 12 Prime Minister Competitiveness Council Auditor General Women 0 Continents 2 Joining the Mason Program in 1979, I was I was in Bamyan Province of Afghanistan I went to the Kennedy At my current job as minister of Countries 10 struck by the wealth of courses available, as a political affairs officer for United School in 1987. social development and head of the and the enormous flexibility I had to Nations Mission in Afghanistan for a year At that time I was social cabinet of Ecuador, I have tailor a program to meet my and a half prior to arriving at the Kennedy serving as the dis- learned to treasure my days at the CHANGING needs. I decided to focus on School — a culmination of 19 years of pro- trict collector and Kennedy School. I often put into FACES economics, policy analysis, fessional experience in magistrate in the practice what I learned as a Mason and strategy and was for- areas including the state of Kerala, India, Fellow, from leadership skills to Above: the second tunate to study under Balkans and the a very important water- policy analysis. When I joined the pro- Mason Program class, leading scholars like Caucasus. shed in the career of any gram, its flexibility allowed me to person- below: the 48th class Howard Raiffa, Thomas My experi- civil servant in India, combining revenue alize a curriculum that helped me refine Schelling, and Richard ence had taught administration and developmental and my leadership and analysis skills, focusing Zeckhauser. I picked up me that solu- magisterial functions. Hoping to specialize on economic and social development. 2006–2007 useful analytical tools, tions to even the in financial administration, I applied to the Moreover, it helped me to develop a frame- Number of fellows 72 but more than that, a sys- largest problems Kennedy School. work to analyze almost any development Men 53 tematic way of looking at — war, famine, The academic course curriculum problem and to design Women 19 problems, analyzing them, and failed states — can afforded me the opportunity to study solutions that really Continents 5 thinking about how markets work and be found if we bring all macro- and micro-economic theory tackle problems Countries 37 how people react to incentives. I found our experiences together and and development, project appraisal at their roots. these perspectives invaluable in public learn from our differences and similarities. methodology, public finance ad- The policy. In Singapore, we apply them widely, My expectation, coming to the Mason ministration, rural development, Kennedy be it to keep public housing estates Program, was to meet remarkable people, and food systems policy formula- School also racially integrated, tackle traffic jams and I did just that. That expectation was tions. The case studies were very offered me through road pricing, or design a negative totally met. illuminative and, for a hands-on the opportu- income tax. The experience was a growing process public servant, very effective. nity through I also benefited from the diversity of in every way. The program provided me I particularly benefited by inter- cross-registration the Mason Fellows. We came from a wide with a safe and rewarding environment in acting with persons with similar admin- with the Harvard range of backgrounds and brought dif- which I could experiment and challenge istrative backgrounds from developing Business School to ferent working experiences and perspec- myself with high-stakes ideas. It also gave as well as developed nations. This was a explore more in-depth busi- tives. We learned much from one another, me the opportunity and time to analyze my remarkable learning experience and gave ness issues, which has helped me facili- beyond the academic content in class. own story, with my classmates’ help, and me a very wide perspective of economic tate the implementation of private and Almost three decades later, my memory of learn from it. But my most extraordinary and development management in different public partnerships. I always think of my the year at the Kennedy School remains memory of the program is the way it con- countries. days at the Kennedy School with a mix of fresh, not out of nostalgia, but because of solidated in me a dedication and belief in The camaraderie among the Mason joy and nostalgia because I not only had its continued relevance to today’s chal- a more competent public sector. Program participants was remarkable. We the opportunity to learn from great profes- lenges and tomorrow’s opportunities. Becoming a Mason Fellow, or rather were particularly touched by the manner in sors, such as Merilee Grindle, John becoming a member of the Mason Fellows which the spouses and children hit it off Thomas, Ricardo Hausmann, and Dani family, has given me the most comfortable with each other and in fact spent their time Rodrik, among others, but I also learned so sense of community. Everyone in that com- as a part of a large family. I have continued much from my classmates from all over the Edward Mason Founder of the Mason Program munity is as passionate as I am about the to maintain my association with some of world. We developed a very tight commu- issues that I deal with in my everyday life the Mason Fellows in the “neighborhood,” nity that remains incredibly close even Kennedy School Dean Edward S. Mason, countries needed leadership and and work. I still write to my fellow class- and it is a major attraction to go to a today. Thanks to blackberries, e-mail, and the school’s second dean, was the former analytic skills to succeed, in 1958 he mates with issues of concern for me in my country and try to network among the most recently Facebook, we keep in touch, director of economic research at the Office set up the Public Service Fellows professional life or private life, and I know Mason Fellows in the administration there. share memories and projects, and help of Strategic Services (oss) during World Program, renamed in 1969, the that I will get the best advice and support. The experience helped enrich my entire and advise each other professionally. This War II. Understanding that developing Edward S. Mason Fellows Program. persona. Professionally it has helped me to has been of great value and support to me. contribute at every level in administration. LEFTANDBOTTOMLEFT:MARTHASTEWART

24 KENNEDYSCHOOLBULLETIN | S P R I N G 2 0 0 8 25 An Account of War

BYROBERTO’NEILL ILLUSTRATIONBYCAROLINETOMLINSON

Numbers help Linda Bilmes slice through some of the fog of war

THE LEDGERS OF WARS Bilmes of the Kennedy School are usually filled with the numbers and Columbia University’s Joseph of lives lost, refugees displaced, Stiglitz, have thrown themselves soldiers deployed, and bombs into the strange algebra of that dropped. It’s historically a calculus now five-year-long conflict and of destruction and suffering, with the war on terror that also includes the financial cost left to later gener- the conflict in Afghanistan. Their ations to compute. work, which also looks beyond The Iraq War is proving, as in so government budgets to macroeco- many other ways, to be different. nomic costs, arrives at a stunning Perhaps because of its unpopu- $3 trillion figure and reveals both larity, its curious detachment from the value and insignificance of that the lives of so many Americans, its accounting. domination of the public discourse, and its lack of a foreseeable conclu- sion, the price tag of the war has been a real-time concern. However, with the exception of the number of U.S. military per- sonnel killed, few of the morbid metrics of the war’s progress have been clear. Two scholars, Linda

27 In the weirdly long run-up to the invasion of Iraq, the cost of the forthcoming ever one’s personal feelings on the war, knowing its costs, not just in blood, but war was never seriously discussed. A few dared to estimate costs associated with a also in treasure, would be important for any reasoned discourse. longer, drawn-out struggle. But nothing official was ever released by the Bush “I was thinking about what I could do personally regarding the war,” she says. administration. Lawrence Lindsey, the president’s economic advisor, suggested in “I thought my own personal contribution could be to figure out how much it was one newspaper interview in September 2002 that the war would cost between costing.” $100 billion and $200 billion. The estimate was quickly dismissed (as was he), The challenges were obvious. The Pentagon, Bilmes points out, has repeatedly with other administration officials, such as then Defense Secretary Donald flunked its financial audit. It receives nearly half a trillion dollars in annual Rumsfeld, offering a number somewhere under $50 billion. (That figure would funding. But since the Iraq war, much of its funding for that conflict, and the one have been closer to the first Gulf War, when U.S. forces liberated Kuwait, although in Afghanistan, had come in separate appropriations. Aside from untangling grateful Gulf States and other allies picked up much of that tab.) defense budgets, calculating the cost of a war would also mean looking at other,

THE EQUATION 1 Total relevant appropria- Affairs. These funds cover 2 “Operational expendi- 3 Correcting for inflation 4 Future operational 5 Costs of disability and 6 Future costs of restoring tions/expenditures to date military operations, base tures” and savings hidden and the “time value” of expenditures. Official health care for returning the military to its prewar Taken from the book, The for military operations. security, reconstruction, for- elsewhere in the defense money. A dollar today is dif- scenarios include a gradual veterans. To date, more than strength, replenishing spent Three Trillion Dollar War by Take all 24 war-related eign aid, embassy costs, budget. An estimate of the ferent than a dollar five pullout and a permanent 1.6 million U.S. servicemen armaments, repairing equip- Linda Bilmes and Joseph appropriations from fiscal and veterans’ health care increase in defense expen- years ago, and so, using a force. When corrected for and women have been ment whose maintenance Stiglitz. year 2001 through the for the three operations that ditures during the past five real interest rate of 1.5 per- inflation and the time value deployed, all of whom will has been deferred. Equip- proposed fiscal year 2008 comprise the “global war on years attributable to Iraq. cent, all expenditures are of money, this gives the be eligible for va medical ment is not being repaired supplemental appropria- terror,” the Pentagon’s How much, in other words, translated into 2007 dollars. total operational costs of care for at least two years. and replaced as fast as it is tion. This includes funds in name for operations in and of Iraq war expenditures are (These first three steps give the war, in 2007 dollars. If the proportion of veterans being worn out. Also, the both supplementals and around Iraq and Afghani- hidden elsewhere in the what is called “the present applying for disability com- Pentagon has announced regular appropriations for stan. These include Opera- defense-related budget. discounted value” of opera- pensation is the same as plans to significantly The Defense and State tion Iraqi Freedom, Opera- tional expenditures to the first Gulf War, some increase the size of the Departments, usaid, and tion Enduring Freedom, and date — that is, the value in 45 percent, or 725,000 vet- Army by 2012, so that the medical costs for the Operation Noble Eagle. 2007 dollars of what we erans will look to the federal United States can maintain Department of Veterans have spent.) government for help. its capacity to respond to

The rough calculation, so far as it was made public, was this: the military “hidden” costs, such as the care needed by the hundreds of thousands of returning WHAT YOU GET operation would be quick; reconstruction money would be minimal; the country’s veterans and the shortfalls caused by equipment lost, damaged, or worn down. It FOR A TRILLION massive oil reserves would do the rest. But it was a calculation that was discour- would mean looking to the future and imagining the scenarios under which U.S. aged by the war’s grim premises. After all, what price can one put on the mush- troops could begin to come home. It could also include even less tangible costs: “A billion here, a billion there, and room cloud the Iraqi regime was suspected of working towards? increases in the price of oil, and, most poignantly, the value of those lives so pretty soon you’re talking real That changed as the euphoria of the initial invasion morphed into the realiza- abruptly ended. money.” For the war, that famous tion that Iraq would prove to be a bloody, long, and costly commitment. Bilmes and Stiglitz published their first paper on the war’s costs in January 2006 quote on federal profligacy can be updated with trillions. To put that and a book, The Three Trillion Dollar War: The True Cost of the Iraq Conflict, in number in some perspective, here’s March 2008. Bilmes also published a paper on the costs of, care for, and benefits to what $1 trillion could buy: INDA BILMES had been opposed to the invasion veterans. The findings have been stunning. (See the sidebar starting on page 28.) from the start, but as a public policy lecturer she The direct budgetary costs of military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan to > Eight million housing units was far removed from that conflict. Her budg- date have been more than $800 billion. > One year’s salary for 15 million etary and financial management classes are stu- Combining past and future costs, depending on the length and size of the public school teachers dent favorites, and she is known for taking her United States’ military commitment, brings that sum to between $1.7 trillion and > Head start tuition for 120 million teaching one step further, taking students to $2.7 trillion in budgetary costs, Bilmes and Stiglitz calculate. children communities such as Somerville, Massachusetts, Medical, disability, and Social Security disability for veterans are calculated to > One year’s health insurance for to work on real publicL finance problems. But as she taught the ins and outs of total between $422 billion and $717 billion. 530 million children public budgets, her students began asking her one question over and over again. The cost to “reset” the military, replenishing the military’s stocks of weapons > 43 million four-year scholarships “What,” they began to wonder in her classes around 2005, “is the war in Iraq and equipment so depleted by more than five years of constant mobilization, at public universities. actually costing?” 250 375 15 would be between $ billion and $ billion over years. Sources: The Three Trillion Dollar War; Bilmes knew the difficulty of wading into the thicket of government accounts. The findings behind the final tallies are equally impressive. National Priorities Project As a former assistant secretary and chief financial officer at the Commerce The war, Bilmes and Stiglitz write, is becoming more and more expensive to Department during the Clinton administration, her job was to clean up an wage. The monthly “burn rate” — the rate at which money is being spent on accounting mess years in the making. Her work taught her valuable lessons about running costs — has increased from $4.4 billion in 2003 to an estimated $16 Washington’s often dysfunctional bookkeeping. In the end she reasoned that what- billion in 2008.

28 KENNEDYSCHOOLBULLETIN | S P R I N G 2 0 0 8 29 This is due to several factors, including the rising cost of oil and the increasing means the disruption of a family’s income and the loss of a productive person, expense of recruiting new soldiers and retaining experienced ones. Signing-up what economists call “value of statistical life.” The middle of the range used for the bonuses for new recruits can reach $40,000, while retention bonuses for experi- value of an American killed in a workplace accident is $7.2 million. enced troops have topped $150,000. Also critical to the increasing expense of the conflict in Iraq is the growing reliance on private contractors, ranging from RITICS ARGUE that the current war, however drivers, cooks, and construction crews, to the highly trained bodyguards hired to one calculates its costs, is not as expensive protect State Department officials. Their pay is much higher — some security as previous wars. In 2007 dollars, the Iraq 6 000 guards receive $ , a week — but in a rather callous calculation, they also would war is estimated to be more expensive than be cheaper in the long run as they would not receive government benefits or all other major 20th-century conflicts, save require care through the veterans’ health care system. World War ii. But the country’s economy has

crises outside of Iraq. 7 Budgetary costs to other grams, including adapted 8 The cost to the economy. economic costs that exceed 9 The macroeconomic Cin the long run. Higher ADDING THE The cost of this incremental parts of the government. housing, vocational rehabili- Going beyond the budgetary the budgetary costs, which impact. The war has led oil prices too have rise in forces is attributed The war has imposed costs tation, family assistance, costs resulting from the while they may be large, are to higher oil prices and weakened the American NUMBERS, WITH- to the period of time when across the government — subsidized loans, and thousands of deaths and harder to quantify. These diverted government expen- economy — even if a few OUT INTEREST, we have troops deployed to the Departments of State, other benefits. injuries from the war, recog- include the lost economic ditures from schools, roads, industries, especially AND THE TOTAL in Iraq. Labor, and Social Security (Steps 5, 6, and 7 calculate nizing that death benefits contribution of soldiers who research, and other areas the oil companies, have Administration. Some of the total budgetary cost do not adequately measure have been killed or maimed, that would have stimulated done well. COST TO THE these costs are related to of the war to the federal the loss in output, and that and family members who the economy more in the UNITED STATES providing benefits to vet- government, ignoring disability payments under- have to leave the workforce short run and produced erans: severely wounded interest.) estimate what these individ- to care for them, as well as stronger economic growth WILL BE OVER veterans are eligible for a uals would have earned had costs to state and local $3 TRILLION. variety of additional pro- they been able to earn a governments and other normal living. There are a parts of society. number of other social and

HELPING VETERANS And that health care system is coming under ever-greater pressure. By also grown tremendously, and some argue that war costs calculated over nearly 15 Better battlefield medical care is November 2007, the total number of U.S. troops that had suffered wounds, years should be compared to the country’s economic output over that time: about keeping more and more soldiers 67 000 300 injuries, or disease in Iraq and Afghanistan had reached , (Bilmes and Stiglitz alive. In the current conflicts in Iraq $ trillion. estimate that about 45,000 are directly attributable to the conflicts). Improved and Afghanistan, the ratio has Some also argue that the premises of the war — preventing further attacks on medical treatment means the ratio of injured to dead is 7 to 1 (15 to 1 if including increased to 7 to 1 (soaring to 15 to the United States — are worth a very large sacrifice. noncombat injuries), far more than previous conflicts such as the Korean War or 1 for noncombat injuries), and that Away from the political arena where these questions will be debated, the value Vietnam, where that ratio was closer to 3 to 1. That development means additional means more services for more vet- of Bilmes’s work has had real impact on servicemen and servicewomen as well as strain on the Pentagon and Department of Veterans Affairs. erans with more serious conditions. veterans. During the first Gulf War, which saw less than a week of ground combat opera- To date, of the more than 751,000 She has testified on Capitol Hill, and her work has been covered in depth by the tions, 148 dead, and 467 wounded, about 700,000 military personnel were eligible, discharged veterans from media, including military publications. Some say it has shed light on an area that deployed. Since then 45 percent have filed disability compensation benefits, of Iraq and Afghanistan: was previously impenetrable. which 88 percent have been approved. > 263,000 have been treated at “In plain terms, she broke though the government propaganda policies that Using similar rates for the current conflict, which has so far seen 1.6 million medical facilities would have Americans believe the Iraq and Afghanistan wars are cheap and incon- deployed over five years with more than one-third in repeated tours, 700,000 vet- sequential affairs,” says Paul Sullivan, executive director of Veterans for Common > 224,000 have applied for erans would become long-term medical patients and disability claimants, at a cost disability benefits Sense, an advocacy group. of between $350 billion and $700 billion over the next four decades. In Bilmes’s office there is also a reminder from the front lines of the wars she Other costs are less obvious, though no less important. > 185,000 have sought counseling has studied. It’s a black and gold plate, adorned with a map of Iraq and helicopters Oil prices have climbed from $23 in 2003 to more than $100 in 2008. Bilmes and and readjustment services and tanks marking the sites of major battles. A soldier who visited the Kennedy Stiglitz attribute between $5 to $10 of this increase to the Iraq conflict. > 100,000 have been treated for School while on leave and wanted to thank her for her work gave it to her. It was The costs to other countries have also been great. The number of Iraqis killed is mental health conditions a particularly touching moment, Bilmes recalls, and one of thousands of such

the subject of hot debate, with estimates ranging from many tens of thousands to > 52,000 have been treated for messages from servicemen. many hundreds of thousands. post-traumatic stress disorder “Hearing from these young men and women who are over there really does feed And while the great burden of the ultimate sacrifice paid by U.S. servicemen my work and put it in perspective for me,” she says. and women is borne by their families, friends, and comrades in arms, their deaths Source: The Three Trillion Dollar War also have an economic cost. Aside from the money the government pays, the death

30 KENNEDYSCHOOLBULLETIN | S P R I N G 2 0 0 8 31 bully pulpit EXPERTSSPEAKOUT

FORUM | Community Power Ségolène Royal, the Socialist Party candidate defeat- The Buzz ed by Nicolas Sarkozy in France’s presiden- “I don’t see the tial election last year, spoke to the Forum in February on the Left’s vision of eco- new media as a nomic reform. “Our core values are about replacement of standing up for the individuals against the old media.” unconsidered risks, and this is about using Arianna Huffington, Arianna Huffington the power of our society or community to about concerns that achieve what people are unable to achieve online publications, such as when left on their own,” said Royal, the The Huffington Post, which Huffington first French female presidential candidate cofounded, are replacing traditional for a major party. “The Left cannot guar- journalism, at a Shorenstein Center antee everyone success, but it must guar- conference. antee everyone a fair shot at it.” Ségolène Royal “Campaigns now are $100 million start-ups.” FORUM | MEXICOANDTHEUNITEDSTATES are FORUM | Unions Strong afl-cio Presi- Betsy Myers mpa 2000, chief operating sometimes reluctant neighbors, but their interests are too dent John Sweeney told a Forum audience officer of Obama ’08, on tightly entwined for the countries not to embrace each in February that the future looks bright for the cost and scope of other a little more. the U.S. labor movement. Research today’s national That was one of the messages Mexican President Felipe shows, said Sweeney, that more than presidential Calderón mpa 2000 issued as he addressed the John F. half of unorganized workers said they campaigns. would form a union if given the Kennedy Jr. Forum in February. “There is a “You have two economies. One economy is intensive in option. Passage of the Employee Free Choice Act, legislation permitting housing price capital, which is the American economy. One economy is working people to choose whether to crisis, not intensive in labor, which is the Mexican economy,’’ he said. have a union, is key, he said, to helping Betsy Myers a subprime “We are two complementary economies, and that phenom- workers bargain for better wages and ben- mortgage crisis.” enon is impossible to stop.’’ efits. Sweeney said he is optimistic the act Paul Willen, senior econ- That relationship, and the immigration from Mexico will be passed during the next administra- omist at the Federal Reserve Bank of that it creates, has been at the center of American politics tion. “Shame on us,” said Sweeney, “if we Boston, about the true cause for the for much of the past year, featuring heavily in the presiden- don’t take this opportunity.” John Sweeney precipitous rise in foreclosures in tial primary debates after an unsuccessful attempt to pass Massachusetts during the past year, at reform legislation last year. an event cosponsored by Rappaport Calderón says the tone of the debate FORUM | Obstacle to Change The Institute for Greater Boston, Joint Friends and Neighbors needs to be changed. powerful forces of self-interest groups are Center for Housing Studies, and “Probably the worst thing that happened the primary impediment to driving change Taubman Center for State and Local in Washington, according to Secretary of in this country is this anti-Mexican or anti- Government. immigrant spirit or perception in the people, and we need Homeland Security Michael Chertoff, who to change that,” he said. spoke in February at the Forum. “Someone described it as the “I need to change in Mexico the perception that the Despite numerous warnings of a ter- most thankless job in journalism. Americans are the enemy, and it is important to change the rorist attack prior to September 11, such I disagree.” as the 1993 World Trade Center attack and perception that the Mexicans are the enemy,’’ he said. “We Clark Hoyt on his work as public Osama Bin Laden’s 1998 declaration of are neighbors, we are friends and we must be allies.’’ editor at The New York Times, a posi- war against the United States, competing tion billed as the “readers’ representa- Calderón was a Mason Fellow, and his visit coincided interests thwarted decisive government tive” and created following the Jayson with the program’s 50th anniversary. action. Responses to the impending threat 2003 “were stopped in their tracks,” said Blair scandal in . Chertoff. Such groups “frustrate the pursuit

MARTHASTEWART ALLPHOTOSBYMARTHASTEWARTEXCEPTTOP:JONCHASE/HARVARDNEWSOFFICEof the common good.”

Michael Chertoff

32 KENNEDYSCHOOLBULLETIN | S P R I N G 2 0 0 8 33 in print PUBLICATIONSBYTHEEXPERTS

The Warping of Government Work John D. Donahue mpp 1982, phd 1987 The work world of government employees, like some for- Promise of Transparency, by Archon Fung, Mary Graham, Full Disclosure gotten land from science fiction, has become isolated from and David Weil. (Learn more at www.transparencypolicy.net.) The Perils and Promise of Transparency the rest of the economy. The gap can be measured in Archon Fung, Mary Graham, and Transparency does not have a long history. For most of decades, not in geologic time. But compared to the ruthless David Weil mpp 1985, phd 1987 the life of this country, a citizen wishing to know who was rise of a private sector characterized by globalization, pro- funding political campaigns or a consumer wishing to know ductivity, and downsizing, the habitat of millions of local, INLOSANGELES, anyone entering a restaurant what was in his morning cereal was left in the dark. A few state, and federal employees can seem downright prehistoric. can see a hygiene score, given as a letter grade, dis- pinpricks of light began to shine with the New Deal and It is a world characterized by middle-class salaries, strong played prominently by the entrance, and know Second World War, as government grew in size and influ- Barbara Kellerman unions, infrequent layoffs, and where “the role of money — whether the experience will likely be a safe one or ence. But starting in the 1960s, a series of right-to-know as a motive and as a symbol — is circumscribed,” writes Jack a roll of the dice. laws, such as the Freedom of Information Act (foia), Donahue in The Warping of Government Work. The other Followership In Cambridge, like elsewhere in the country, the attempted to fling open the curtains. side of that coin — aversion to risk and change — leads How Followers Are Creating Change and Changing Leaders water department sends out a letter describing water Those experiments had mixed results (see, for example, government to fall short of citizens’ legitimate expectations Barbara Kellerman the nearly 4,000 disputes over foia requests that for public missions ranging from education to health care have ended up in court), and a new generation The lionized leader, whether the ceo in his to security. of transparency measures began to evolve. corner office or the president standing alone Bridging the gap between the two worlds will not be Their growth has been haphazard — they at his desk, is a figure deeply ingrained in our easy. It is difficult to envision the private sector returning often have been established in response to crisis, society. But it is a figure that may be becoming to a time of shorter hours, more job security, and modest such as accounting scandals at Enron or more and more anachronistic. ceo pay packages. Nor is it easy to see a world where WorldCom, the authors write — but unmistak- After all, this is turning out to be the age all the responsibilities of government, from primary able. (The authors found 133 of them in a search of the follower, writes Barbara Kellerman in school to mail delivery, are outsourced to the private or of the federal regulations between 1996 and Followership. The drift can be seen from board- nonprofit sector. 2005.) Today these measures, which the authors rooms, where executives are opening their suites to under- But while solutions appear difficult — Donahue con- call targeted transparency, are interested less in a lings, to politics, where in countries such as Nepal, Lebanon, siders rehabilitating the prestige of public service and broad goal of an informed public and more in and Ukraine, citizens took to the streets demanding action. encouraging frequent moves between the public and private addressing specific problems and bringing about It is a phenomenon driven by the powerful confluence of sectors — they are very necessary. specific policy solutions. two large forces: the growth in communication technology “Government’s isolation from the broader working world The authors examine 15 domestic and 3 inter- and an increasingly assertive sense of self-worth. is an unwelcome, mostly unintended legacy from the past national policies, ranging from nutritional infor- “People the world over are speaking out in new and dif- generation, and a formidable challenge to the next,” mation to the terrorist threat level. ferent ways, and claiming for themselves, in many cases for Donahue concludes. They find plenty to criticize. Policies devel- the first time ever, power, influence, and sometimes even Archon Fung, Mary Graham, and David Weil oping from flawed political processes often create authority,” Kellerman writes. what the authors call gerrymandered trans- Kellerman classifies followers, dividing them into cate- parency, such as when nutritional labeling fails gories: isolates, who are completely detached; bystanders, quality. The report contains columns of dense data including to include fast food stores. who observe but do not participate; participants, who are in the average parts per billion of bromodichloromethane. But when done right, as in the case of the restaurants’ some way engaged; activists, who feel strongly about their The first measure, by telling customers which restaurants hygiene scores, they begin to provide that information so leaders and act accordingly; and diehards, prepared to die are clean, has helped cut down the incidence of food-borne vital to citizens and consumers. for their cause. (The last four groups are discussed in sepa- illnesses and pushed all restaurants to clean up their acts. Citizens and consumers could also begin adding to the rate chapters, each illustrated with a case study.) The second has consistently failed to provide the public with information themselves, as transparency measures evolve to The book also includes a call to fellow academics to information it can use, failing to tell anyone without a doc- take advantage of new communications technology. The incorporate and expand this research in the well-established torate in chemistry whether the water is even safe to drink. authors imagine interactive systems, where information on field of leadership studies. But, she stresses, this is not just an They are both examples of an increasingly pervasive a particular product could be obtained by simply scanning academic exercise; it is a recognition of the fact that “subor- policy tool, filled with grave flaws but also pregnant with a barcode with a cell phone, and where consumers and citi- dinates with less power, authority, and influence than their potential, that is the subject of Full Disclosure: The Perils and zens share, respond to, and even create useable information, Jack Donahue superiors are coming into their own, more consistently and

such as posting air quality findings they collect. TANITSAKAKINI TANITSAKAKINI insistently than ever before.”

34 KENNEDYSCHOOLBULLETIN | S P R I N G 2 0 0 8 35 capital ideas OPPORTUNITIESFORIMPACT

Young Global Leaders

The vision behind the Forum of Young skills necessary to address the world’s Global Leaders, established in 2004 by most serious problems. A 10-day session A Current from a Ripple Klaus Schwab mpa 1967, the founder of the in November, which focused on issues World Economic Forum, is as simple as it including international security and global is ambitious: every year, take 200 to 300 public health, was the first of three to be exceptional individuals from every corner held in the coming year. of the world and from every discipline and Former Dean Joseph Nye and David ALANGLEITSMANKEPTAPICTURE of Jackie to what would become the Gleitsman Foundation and its sector, and form a community dedicated to Gergen, director of the Center for Public Robinson taped to the screen of his computer, to remind prizes for social activism. working for a better future. Leadership, developed the concept of the himself of the athlete and civil rights leader’s fortitude. Gleitsman, who passed away in May 2006, aged 76, made It’s a very similar vision to the Kennedy special sessions together with Schwab. sure that idealism would live on. His $20 million School’s, and the two groups grew closer Funding for the program was gener- bequest to the Kennedy School will serve as an with the creation of specially designed ously provided by David Rubenstein, The Arthur Mutambara, president of the Movement endowment at the Center for Public Leadership. executive education sessions aimed at George Family Foundation, Howard Cox, for Democratic Change in Zimbabwe speaks “Alan Gleitsman lived a noble life and has expanding and enhancing the leadership and Marilyn Carlson Nelson. during a November Young Global Leaders’ now left a legacy that will continue to advance session at the Kennedy School. the cause of social justice to which he was devoted,” said David Gergen, cpl’s director. cpl will continue to oversee the activism prize The Alumni Board Egypt Endows Fellowship Program and establish the Gleitsman Program in Leadership for Social Change, which will prepare Joins the Littauer The Egyptian government and Harvard ever ensure that students from Egypt may students to become leaders as social entrepre- have joined to create a new endowed fel- study at Harvard, providing generations of neurs and social activists. Society lowship program. The $10 million gift will future Egyptian leaders with the opportu- Rosché described the Kennedy School and enable highly qualified members of the nity to expand their knowledge about and At their November board meeting, the Center for Public Leadership as “the perfect Egyptian public sector to study at Harvard exposure to fields of study that are vital to the Alumni Association Board of match for the type of work that Alan was doing Kennedy School, the Harvard Graduate any society’s success: education, health, Directors renewed their commitment School of Education, and the Harvard and government.” and wanted continued.” to the school as they defined their School of Public Health. “This generous gift will allow the The announcement coincided with the award goals and objectives for the year. One “It is not often that a minister of finance Kennedy School to enhance its efforts to of the 2007 International Activist Award in of ways they demonstrated this com- or other government official has an oppor- train future global leaders,” said Dean December to Sakeena Yacoobi, founder of the mitment was through their sustain- tunity to do something that will have a David Ellwood. “The Egypt Fellowship Afghan Institute of Learning. able, financial contributions to the positive impact for millennia to come,” Program will stand along with our other Dean’s Fund. said Egyptian Finance Minister Youssef prominent regional fellowship programs, With the launch this year of hks’ Boutros Ghali during the signing ceremony such as the Wexner-Israeli Fellows and Gleitsman at the 2006 Citizen with President Faust in Cambridge, in the Kokkalis Fellows.” new leadership gift program, board Activist Awards with Gloria “Alan Gleitsman lived a noble life and has November. “These endowed funds will for- Steinem, who was honored as members felt it was important that Citizen Activist Extraordinaire now left a legacy that will continue to advance the cause they each become charter members of social justice to which he was devoted.” of the Littauer Society. This presti- He also liked to quote gious giving society recognizes donors Robert Kennedy’s famous who make a gift of $1,000 or more speech about how tiny ripples of hope caused by small, “Alan wasn’t interested necessarily just in good samari- annually. Contributing a total of individual acts of idealism “build a current which can tans, but in leaders of social change, who were not just doing $12,750, the board reached 100 percent sweep down the mightiest walls.” an act of charity, but setting up a system that would impact participation in the Littauer Society But, for all his passion for social change, he was, for a many more beyond themselves,” she said. and urges all alumni to consider long time, consumed by his work and unable to devote him- Thanks to Gleitsman, that impact will continue to be felt following their lead. self to the causes he believed in, his longtime partner Cheri for a long time. Youssef Boutros Rosché remembered. That changed when he was able to sell Ghali and Harvard his film and television library in 1989 and dedicate himself President Drew Gilpin

TOP:TODDCLIFF;BOTTOM:KRISSNIBBE/HARVARDNEWSOFFICE Faust at the signing

36 KENNEDYSCHOOLBULLETIN | S P R I N G 2 0 0 8 37 THEINSIDESCOOP Images of India: Bucolic classnotes scenes of India’s Kerala Province (top). The Stree Mukti Sangathana has organized female waste pickers working in sorting stations (bottom left and center) in an effort to allow them to earn more for their efforts. The Doorstep Schools bring education to Mumbai’s From the Field poorest children in makeshift classrooms, including one in a Ken Ansin mpa 2006 local temple (bottom right). Jane Stollenmeyer mpa 2007 Traveling with Purpose

WHENDOESAJOURNEYBEGIN? school for underserved students in Oakland’s Last November, Ken Ansin mpa 2006 and Jane Fruitvale community. “I’m curious to see what, if Stollenmeyer mpa 2007 flew from Boston to any, educational programs are available to the Mumbai, India, the first stop on a year-plus mission women who seek access to small loans,” she says. to research microfinance organizations in Southeast “The intersection between lack of literacy skills and Asia, Africa, and South America. But jump back to lack of basic public health and hygiene can impact February 2006, when the couple met in Professor communities that are trying to get a leg up through Marie Danziger’s “Art of Communication” class; microfinance.” microfinance, attending conferences and meeting with organi- “Even the best-laid plans go astray, so it’s possible that we’ll in addition to communicating a mutual interest in A longtime businessman and entrepreneur, zations such as accion, Freedom from Hunger, and Oxfam. For get there and see a whole piece of work that neither of us envi- each other, they slowly began to realize that they Ansin worked for many years in his family’s shoe Stollenmeyer, who also holds a masters from the Harvard sioned,” Stollenmeyer remarks. wanted to find a way to use their experiences and business, learning the entire production process of Graduate School of Education, a course on multisectoral “We’re going in fully expecting that we don’t have all the skills to serve others. And before either had come such well-known brands as L.B. Evans and Cole approaches to hiv and aids offered by the Kennedy School and answers and that we’re as needy as those we’ll be serving — to the Kennedy School, each was working in fields Haan. He branched out into other areas as diverse Harvard’s School of Public Health opened her eyes to how just in other ways,” adds Ansin.“We’re not expecting to that would shape and prepare them for their as cabinetry, portable restrooms, and commercial applicable her expertise as an educator could be in a context change the lives of more than two billion people who live on outside the classroom. “It was powerful for me to understand $2 a day or less. But if we make our small contribution and Ken Ansin mpa 2006 and current expedition. real estate. Then, in March 2004, he took a break to Jane Stollenmeyer mpa The goal? To offer any help and insight they travel to Mali to visit Sanassy, a young boy he had the transfer of skills,” she says. “I asked another student, a recognize that we’re going to get a lot back ourselves, it helps 2007 mobbed by school- can while getting an on-the-ground view of best sponsored through Save the Children. “It was life- Japanese doctor, if he thought I needed a degree in public keep us humble.” children during a visit to practices in microfinance, which typically involves changing,”Ansin says of the three weeks he spent in health to get involved in that kind of work, and he said, ‘Just get “When I was teaching, there was always that feeling of Mumbai’s city dump, where waste pickers earn making small loans (usually of $100 or less) to Kolondieba, a village four hours outside Mali’s cap- out there! You know enough!’” wanting to go get a masters degree so I could spend more time a meager living picking people who want to establish or expand a small, ital of Bamako. “I began to realize I got much more The couple is traveling throughout India, Bangladesh, thinking,” says Stollenmeyer. “Right now I feel like my academic through garbage for self-sustaining business but lack the credit to do so. pleasure out of working to solve social entrepre- Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia through the spring, when education won’t be complete until I have this experiential piece reusable items Ultimately the pair hopes to either start their own neurship issues than I did working on issues in the they’ll return to the United States for a few months before to put everything into context. We’re going to see where the microfinance organization or ally themselves with for-profit business world. I couldn’t have said the embarking on the Africa leg of their journey. Following the rubber hits the road and understand what contribution we can an existing group. same thing 15 years ago. I loved business. I loved advice of friends, they packed an Altoid box full of safety pins, actually make.” — JH With a background as an educator — a lineage beating the competition in the private sector. There quick-drying underwear (Ansin says he test-drove several To read about Ansin and Stollenmeyer’s experiences in that extends to her great-grandmother — was a real shift.” He went on to fund two schools in brands), and just a few changes of clothing. While they’ll meet Southeast Asia, visit their blog: travelwithpurpose. Stollenmeyer expects her experience working with Sanassy’s village. up with Kennedy School alumni and social entrepreneurs, like wordpress.com. immigrant populations in Los Angeles and the Bay “I think I really began to think seriously about those from the nonprofit Ashoka, they have kept a loose itin- Area will also prove relevant in the developing microfinance after coming to the Kennedy School, erary, fully expecting plenty of serendipitous moments; in fact, world. “It was interesting to see how women in when I heard Muhammad Yunus speak at mit after that’s much of the point. those communities were empowered once they had he won the Nobel Peace Prize,”Ansin recalls. “I met the capacity to govern and make decisions within Jane not too long after that, and it began to seem the schools,” says Stollenmeyer, who taught with like the universe was starting to align.” Teach for America for several years before helping While Stollenmeyer was completing her degree

to cofound Think College Now, an elementary at the Kennedy School, Ansin continued to research PHOTOSCOURTESYOFKENANSINANDJANESTOLLENMEYER

38 KENNEDYSCHOOLBULLETIN | S P R I N G 2 0 0 8 39 CLASSNOTES

HARVARDKENNEDYSCHOOL

To submit a classnote, e-mail Security Agency, he has pursued his longtime From the Alumni Director [email protected]. interests in genealogical research and writing. The subject line should be “classnotes.” Have You Plugged Note: The designations for alumni of individual 1971 Executive Education programs — SMG and SEF, for Ellen Johnson Sirleaf mpa, president example — have been simplified. All Executive Into the Network? of Liberia and Africa’s first elected female head Dear Alumni, Education programs are now designated as KSGEE. of state, was awarded the U.S. Presidential There are over 20,000 Connect to alumni in the HKS Spring is here, even in New England. Medal of Freedom, the country’s highest civilian Alumni Directory based on: Reading period and final papers loom large, 1954 award, to recognize contributions in science, Harvard Kennedy School the arts, literature, and the cause of peace and t Profession the parkas are packed away, and opening day Warren Cikins mpa writes that in November he alumni working in all freedom, in a ceremony Nov. 5. t Policy Interests at Fenway Park approaches. And for those was the keynote speaker at the 10th Annual Day sectors across the globe. t Geography of us with a patch of garden or a couple of of Pride and Prayer, a conference in Little Rock, AR. He spoke on “Correctional Reform t Class Years planters it is a busy time, cleaning up, cutting 21 as the Civil Rights Issue of the st Century.” INMEMORIAM t And more… back, making room for new growth. Having worked for the heroic Little Rock Con- Looking at the most important asset for gressman Brooks Hays in 1957, he was in the t Learn more www.hks.harvard.edu/about/alumni Bill Strauss MPP/JD 1973, whose satirical group, alumni — the alumni network — we see that middle of the historic effort to integrate Central High School. Later he served as a lieutenant to The Capitol Steps, provided an irreverent accompani- work needs to be done there too. It is healthy, Chief Justice Warren Burger in his monumental ment to a quarter-century of American politics, died in of that there is no doubt, but perhaps it needs effort to reform the criminal justice system by his home in McLean, Virginia, in December, after an some weeding in some areas and more nourishment in others. We have taken a emphasizing literacy training and meaningful eight-year battle with pancreatic cancer. He was 60. fresh new look at it and how we can best allow it to flourish. job training in prisons and jails. In addition, for Strauss was working as chief counsel for the decid- 1973 1979 more than 20 years, he was vice chair of the edly serious Senate subcommittee on energy, nuclear A call for a strong network is what I hear most often in my meetings and National Committee on Community Correc- Frederick Fox mpp says that after a career Neil Roland mpp lives in Silver Spring, MD, and proliferation, and government processes when he co- conversations with you, networks that serve as vehicles for professional advance- tions. He also spent a number of years at the in emergency medicine and a short-lived has been working as a reporter for Bloomberg founded The Capitol Steps in 1981 with other Hill ment and career support, as well as for sharing information and experiences. Brookings Institute in Washington, DC. retirement, he returned to academic medicine News in Washington for 15 years. staffers as entertainment for a senator’s Christmas as a fellow in geriatrics at ucsf last academic He teaches Israeli folk dance to kids and adults, We will work hard to support that network by helping to create strong class party. (They wanted to perform a Nativity scene, they year and a fellow in palliative medicine at Duke and coaches his 10-year-old son’s basketball connections, regional associations, and virtual tools to sustain these programs. 1956 joked, but in the whole Congress they couldn’t find University Medical Center this academic year. and baseball teams. He also tries to get Class connections nurture ties with classmates, starting at orientation and Joseph “Bain” D’Souza mpa passed away in three wise men or a virgin.) His goal is to return to his home in San Fran- his daughter, a junior at the University of 86 cisco and work in academic palliative medicine Wisconsin, to answer the phone when he calls. continuing through the years. With our international community, this connection September at the age of . He is remembered Group members, fearing for their jobs, tried their as a gentle, soft-spoken, yet fearless civil servant with an interest in national and global end-of- He’d love to hear from fellow alummi. is even more important. While continuing to invite you back every best to avoid publicity. But their witty, equal oppor- and activist who spoke his mind and followed life policy and ethical issues, including issues tunity skewering of political life — with parodies such five years for your reunion, we are planting the seeds for healthy networks while up with concrete action. He served in some of of opioid availability in Third World countries. as “We Arm the World” and “I’m so Indicted” — 1983 reunion students are still on campus. the most important positions of India’s civil He welcomes contact from alumni and others would eventually find an enthusiastic audience in We are also working to strengthen regional associations, supporting local service, holding the post of Mumbai’s civic chief working in global health that involves end- Richard Tofel mpp/jd is general manager of 1970 Washington and then across the country. of-life care. ProPublica, a new independent nonprofit inves- leadership to provide opportunities for you to meet, organize events, and share and Maharashtra’s chief secretary in the s. Large as the Steps’ success was, it was, remarkably, tigative journalism newsroom funded by philan- information in your own backyard. thropy. It began operations in January 2007. 1965 only a small part of Strauss’s career. As a Harvard 1977 All of this is sustained by a robust virtual network, including the alumni undergraduate he worked tirelessly to help black stu- Louis Kunzig iii mpa died Oct. 13 at his Robert Gage mpp has practiced law at the directory, listservs, and opportunities for social networking through Linked-In. dents around the country gain entry to previously 1984 home in Chalfont-St. Giles, Buckinghamshire, Washington, DC-based international law firm segregated universities. He was also a prodigious Please use these tools to cultivate and grow your own network. United Kingdom. He was general manager of of Covington & Burling llp for 30 years (since John King mpa has been elected by the pbs author, writing several books and musicals. Besides making even stronger connections among alumni, the benefits of Sciaky Electric Welding Machines in Slough, graduation from the Kennedy School and Har- member stations to a three-year term on the a robust network — stronger enrollment, improved career opportunities, closer Berkshire. Surviving him are his wife Simone; In 1999, the year he began his battle with cancer, he vard Law School), mostly as a partner and the pbs board of directors. The board consists three children, Catherine, Louis iv, founded the Critics and Awards Program for High head of the real estate practice group. Recently of 14 professional members who are member connections to the school’s resources — have real value to the school. 12 and Zoe; and three grandchildren. School Theater, known as the Cappies, to teach stu- he was selected by the Washington Business Jour- station leaders, general directors who repre- Naturally, connecting to one another and back to the school, bears fruit sent the general public, and the pbs president. dents about theater and train them as critics. Today nal as one of four finalists for the 2007 Top The board is responsible for governing and for us all. the program has grown to include 60 schools in the Washington Area Lawyer in the field of real 1967 estate transactions. A substantial portion of his setting policy for the pbs media enterprise. Washington area and 17 more across the United Joseph Douglas, Jr. mpa was honored recently practice is for nonprofit organizations, both on King is president and chief executive officer States and Canada. He is survived by Janie, his wife by the Maryland Historical Society. During its a fee and pro bono basis. Recent work includes of Vermont Public Television, the statewide Debbie Metcalfe of 34 years, four children, and one granddaughter. Director of Alumni Programs annual meeting in Baltimore, the society pre- transactions involving Union Station and the public television network. sented Douglas with the Sumner A. Parker new Washington Nationals major league base- [email protected] The Bulletin featured Strauss and The Capitol Steps Henry Webber mpp has been named Prize, which is awarded annually for the best in Autumn 2000: www.ksg.harvard.edu/ksgpress/ ball stadium, both in the District of Columbia. executive vice chancellor for administration at published genealogy of a Maryland family or a bulletin/autumn2000/politics_un.html. He also serves as principal outside counsel to Washington University in St. Louis. He oversees family originating in Maryland. The award was Carolina Communities Development Group, facilities, campus planning, capital projects, in recognition of his outstanding publication, currently developing Olde Towne, a neotradi- campus security, and off-campus real estate Perry Bailey a.k.a. Downs and Samuel A. Dou- tional 2,400-unit golf course community in acquisition and development. For the past 21 glas; Relatives of Frederick Douglass: A Family Raleigh, NC. years he worked for the University of Chicago, History (1733–1929). Following his retirement GAILOSKIN most recently as vice president for community from the senior executive ranks of the National

40 KENNEDYSCHOOLBULLETIN | S P R I N G 2 0 0 8 41 CLASSNOTES Go to www.hks.harvard.edu/about/alumni for more stories about alumni activities.

Nancy Dunn mpa passed away in November consider my association with the Kennedy Alumni Connections after a valiant fight against cancer. After gradu- School as the highlight in my many years of HIGHLIGHTSFROM ating from the Kennedy School, she returned education and experience in National Security in 1986 as associate director of the Mid-Career Affairs,” he writes. “Would have loved to have AROUND THE WORLD program, became assistant dean for budget and been there to sharply question the Serbian min- finance in 1987, and ultimately served as admin- ister on their so-called ‘success’ in the Balkans!” istrative dean from 1988 to 1990. Following her tenure at the Kennedy School, Nancy went on 1989 CAMBRIDGE,MA to be vice president and treasurer of Radcliffe College and subsequently vice president of Primo Arambulo iii mpa and Mason Fellow At the invitation of the New England Alumni Association, finance and administration and chief financial was the recipient of the 2007 Gold Head Cane faculty member Elaine Kamarck met with area alumni on officer of the World Wildlife Fund. In January Award for achievements that have advanced December 11 for a lively discussion of her new book, of 2006, she was appointed vice president for human health through the practice of veterinary The End of Government … As We Know It: Making Public REDONDOBEACH,CA Vietnam Diary: finance and administration of the University public health. The award was presented during Policy Work, as well as the current political scene, Southern California alumni had a special evening From Inside Air Force of Idaho. the Annual Convention of the American Veteri- the upcoming primaries, and likely scenarios for the meeting in Redondo Beach with David Gergen, Headquarters nary Medical Association held in Washington, country after President Bush leaves office. Pictured with 17 professor and director of the Center for Public TOKYO, JAPAN DC, last July . His career with the Pan Ameri- Kamarck is John McLaughlin, Jr. MPA 1988, president Herman Gilster mpa 1965 1987 can Health Organization/World Health Organi- Leadership, on November 5, following his address and chair of the board of directors, New England Alumni Approximately 60 prospective HKS applicants Gilster offers a compelling behind Regina Aragon mpp was recently awarded the zation spanned 25 years, providing leadership at the Distinguished Speaker Series of Southern Association. attended an information session organized by the the scenes look at air operations during Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute’s 2007 and technical cooperation to its 38 member California. Alumni Association of Japan December 9.Highlights the Vietnam War. Gilster was teaching Distinguished Alumni Award in recognition of states. His most significant contributions are in her work on hiv/aids policy and communica- the implementation of the regional food safety included a videotaped address by Dean Ellwood. economics as a tenured associate tions in the United States and internationally. In plan of action, the elimination of human rabies professor at the U.S. Air Force Academy 2000, she left her position as policy director for transmitted from dogs in Latin America, the in 1969 when he was transferred to the San Francisco aids Foundation to begin her eradication of foot-and-mouth disease in South Vietnam. Vietnam Diary provides an own practice. She has consulted with a variety America, and disease prevention and control at unvarnished look at his time there, with of domestic and international organizations, the human-animal interface in the region of the including the International aids Society, the Americas. He is currently consultant for interna- materials culled from personal papers Levi Strauss Foundation, and the Black aids tional affairs and global initiative for veterinary and a candid look at U.S. Air Force Institute. Between 1995 and 2000, she served on education with the Association of American Vet- headquarters in South Vietnam. the Presidential Advisory Council on hiv/aids. erinary Medical Colleges in Washington, DC. Aragon and Larry Levitt mpp 1986, who met Barbara deVries mpa says that as a current ALEXANDRIA, VA SAN FRANCISCO, CA while at the Kennedy School and recently mar- member of the board and past president of the ried after 22 years together, live in Oakland, CA. Xenia Stefanidou MPA 2005, KSGEE 2002, 2003, Professional Fiduciary Association of California A group of the 1992 Senior Executive Fellows met and government affairs. Under his guidance, Levitt is currently vice president for communi- and 2004, the Greek consul general in San Francisco, the University of Chicago’s community affairs she was instrumental in getting this new profes- in late 2007 for a reunion. They toasted the wisdom WASHINGTON,DC cations and online information for the Kaiser hosted an evening of discussion with members of program was recognized in a national study as sion licensed. This licensure will begin in July imparted to them from Dutch Leonard, Ron Heifetz, Family Foundation, a health policy think tank. the Bay Area Alumni Group on December 14. The Washington Council hosted more than 300 2008 and will be a way of protecting elderly and and the excellent Harvard Kennedy School staff; among the dozen strongest university-civic He previously served in a variety alumni and 200 students on January 24 for the programs in the country. Among his most dependent adults from unscrupulous guardians. and they reminisced about Forum events, the 1992 of government policy positions in Massachu- annual Kennedy School Career Networking Night. notable achievements was to promote revitaliza- She also became a grandmother in 2007 to Presidential Election, and smashing the MPA and setts and California, as well as in the Clinton The event was held at the National Press Club and tion of two South Side neighborhoods by beautiful Dylan Nicolaas Carl deVries and gets MPP programs in volleyball. administration. was cosponsored by the Office of Professional collaborating and forging relationships with to babysit once a week. “What a joy!!” She lives Development and Alumni Programs Office. the area’s community, religious, civic, and Sarah Chapin Columbia mpp/jd has joined in San Francisco during the week and spends political leaders. He also played a leading role McDermott Will & Emery in Boston as cohead weekends at her home in Sebastopol, CA, in the in the establishment of the Urban Education of the Boston Intellectual Property Practice Sonoma County wine country. “I would love my AND MORE… Initiative that develops charter schools, offers Group with partner Toby Kusmer. Formerly classmates to visit,” she says. teacher training, and supports basic and applied chair of the Intellectual Property Department at Kenneth Nickolai mpa recently retired from the Thomas Sugrue, visiting 20 CLEVELAND,OH research on educational issues. Choate, Hall & Stewart in Boston, she has State of Minnesota after a career that included fellow at the Baker-Nord years of practice focused primarily on intellec- serving as that state’s chief administrative law Center for the Humanities at Case Western Reserve tual property. Her work in both international judge, a member of the Public Utilities Com- SAN FRANCISCO, CA University and professor of history and sociology at 1985 and domestic arbitration includes patent, trade- mission, deputy commissioner of human rights, the University of Pennsylvania, spoke on “Race Gordon Campbell mpa mark, copyright, and trade secret litigation, as San Francisco’s historic Ferry Building was the site was appointed and chair of the Board of Innovation and Coop- Relations and Urban History” at an HKS alumni brown president and chief executive officer of United well as counseling clients on overall intellectual for the annual HKS Bay Area Career Networking Event eration. He now splits his time between St. NEW YORK, NY bag lunch October 23. Way of New York City. Previously he served as property strategy. Petersburg, FL, and Brattleboro, VT, and serves on January 9. In addition to the opportunity to Class of 2007 alumni, newly settled in the area, were the chief executive officer of Safe Horizon, the as a contract hearing officer for several of the network and exchange information about job oppor- welcomed by members of the New York alumni com- nation’s leading victim assistance organization. 1988 reunion nation’s electric regional reliability organiza- tunities, those attending also received the Regional MIAMI,FL Alumnae of the HKS Executive Before that he was the commissioner of the tions. Ken is also pursuing his long-standing munity on December 19 with a holiday party at the Alumni Directory produced by the regional alumni Education “Women and Power” Thomas Young ksgee retired from the U.S. New York City Department of Homeless Serv- interest in photography and art; his recent work Midtown Puerto Rican restaurant Sofrito. The party association. Paul Tauber MPP 1992 and his firm Program met in Florida for a conference and reunion Army in 1996 with the rank of colonel. He has ices and chief of staff to New York City’s first can be seen at kensprintsandphotos.com. was hosted by the HKS New York Alumni Association. Coblentz, Patch, Duffy & Bass LLP provided space at the InterContinental Hotel. U.S. Treasurer Anna deputy mayor. He resides in Manhattan and been working as a defense contractor, with mpri David Reese ksgee for the event again this year. Cabral and former Congresswoman Carrie Meek East Hampton, NY. Company, advising the Bosnia-Herzegovina was recently appointed a Ministry of Defense on intelligence, security, fellow of the London-based Royal Institute of participated in this year’s event. and military police affairs. “I fondly and proudly Public Health. He serves as regional epidemiolo- gist for the seven-county Kentucky River Dis-

42 KENNEDYSCHOOLBULLETIN | S P R I N G 2 0 0 8 43 CLASSNOTES

Christopher Monzel mpp was elected to the 1996 Cincinnati City Council in November. Nancy Gruver mpa is now back full-time as Alexander Robinson ksgee was appointed by chief executive officer of New Moon. For five the mayor of Winnipeg to the position of chief years, she was working at both New Moon and administrative officer on an interim basis, after Dads & Daughters, but she is pleased to report the city’s most powerful civil servant resigned in that both organizations have grown now to the ASK WHAT September. In this position, Alex has been over- point where they each need a full-time leader. seeing 18 city departments and 10,700 full- and YOU CAN DO Michael Van Milligen ksgee was named the part-time employees. He was also made respon- TO SHARE THE EXPERIENCE 2007 Manager of the Year by the Iowa City sible for continuing the search for a new police Managers’ Association (iacma). He has served chief. Prior to this appointment, he had been as city manager of the City of Dubuque since serving as senior policy advisor. Graduate Degree Programs January 1993. The award honors a chief city A Legal Geography of at the Harvard Kennedy School administrator whose accomplishments and 2000 Yugoslavia’s Disintegration t Learn more at www.hks.harvard.edu superior work performance represent the best Ana S. Trbovich mpa 2001 possible application of management principles, Sidney Espinosa mpp was elected to the and whose creative contributions to profes- city council in Palo Alto, CA, in November. Yugoslavia’s slow, often spectacularly violent unraveling, starting in the sional local management increases public Jennifer Janis-Martin mpp is now the As a student you were challenged in one of our rigorous Now you have the opportunity to share what awareness of the value of professional manage- intergovernmental relations officer at the early 1990s and continuing even now and intensive degree programs. You learned from a faculty you learned with others. Let your friends, colleagues, ment to the quality of life in Iowa communi- City of Riverside, CA. with Kosovo’s unilateral declaration that is actively engaged in the affairs of the world — shaping and children know how they can fulfill their aspira- ties. Dubuque was one of 10 communities to Larry Langford ksgee was elected mayor of independence, has rarely been out public policy, advising governments, and helping to run tions and launch the next stage of their professional earn the 2007 All-America City Award from the National Civic League. The award, which is of Birmingham, AL, in an election that brought of the academic or journalistic spotlight. major institutions in the United States and abroad. You lives by enrolling at the Kennedy School. often referred to as the “Nobel Prize of civic out 45 percent of the voters. From a field of 10 But Ana Trbovich mpa 2001 helps fill a candidates, he received over 50 percent of the benefited from the programs and activities sponsored by We welcome phone calls, e-mails, and visits engagement,” is the oldest and most prestigious largely uncovered gap in the literature vote, with his closest competitor receiving only our world-renowned research centers. You gained insight civic recognition competition in the nation. with A Legal Geography of Yugoslavia’s from your contacts. Visit www.hks.harvard.edu/ 30 percent. Campaigning under the slogan “Let’s from fellow classmates from across the globe who have Winners are selected in part for their ability to admissions to learn more. Do Something,” he said his priorities would be Disintegration. The book explores the diverse professional and academic experiences. engage a broad cross-section of the community, including youth, business leaders, elected offi- funding for transit, building a domed stadium, history of Yugoslavia’s break-up and cials, city staff, and nonprofit groups in civic and providing college scholarships to students examines issues of secession, self- dialogues leading to tangible results. who remain in Birmingham high schools for determination, and sovereignty. four years and graduate with at least a c+ aver- Trbovich also analyzes the role played age. Elected to the Birmingham City Council for 1997 a two-year term in the late 1970s, Larry has by the international community in trict Health Department, where he participates this spring. His aim, he says, is for the magazine remained in the public eye since. As mayor of those wars of secession, and the in local and statewide activities to plan and to showcase serious journalism that is also 1995 Henrietta Davis mpa was reelected to the Cam- Fairfield, AL, his home for 25 years, he was deploy new electronic disease and health sur- engaging. He is looking for stories on pressing Enrique Bellagio ksgee reports that he has bridge City Council in November. region’s integration within Europe. known as the state’s most popular mayor. Prior veillance systems to improve the community’s social concerns that highlight uses of academic been appointed as undersecretary for education to the election in November, he was a member responsiveness to infectious disease outbreaks research to address or for which to suggest solu- of the Ministry of Defense of Argentina. “This 1998 reunion of the Jefferson County Commission. One of his and prepare for possible bioterrorist threats. He tions. He wants stories about “potential solu- new position is an important achievement for Michael Goldstein mpp most ambitious initiatives as commissioner was service with the American Red Cross, community teaches and mentors students as a community- tions, particularly when the solutions are little my career,” he says, “and I will apply all my has been appointed a one percent sales tax for school construction charities such as some (So Others May Eat), the based faculty member of the University of Ken- known to the general public or largely ignored experience to carry out this challenge. In that development director at the MetroWest Jewish mwjds in 2005. The plan generated $1 billion for the House of Ruth Women’s Shelter, and Horton’s tucky’s College of Medicine, Department of by the popular press.” Queries to write for the sense, I consider that the knowledge I received Day School ( ) in Framingham, MA. county’s 12 school systems. Kids Tutoring and Mentoring Program. Family Practice and Community Medicine. print magazine should be addressed to during the s&l course I attended at the Most recently he served as executive director Prior to moving to Kentucky in 2000, he served [email protected]. Those inter- Kennedy School to be a fundamental support. of City Year Rhode Island, a community serv- Samuel Moreno mpa was elected mayor for more than 10 years as chief executive officer ested in writing for the Web site should contact If you have any suggestion or request that I ice/leadership program. While there, he of Bogota, Colombia, in the fall. 15 2002 for local health departments and federally quali- [email protected]. can help you with, please let me know.” increased revenue more than percent over Shawn Malone mpp moved to Bangkok in fied health centers in the states of Idaho, Mis- each of the past three fiscal years and imple- Charles “Jeep” Rosenberg mpa has embarked Didier Jacobs mpp has written Global 2001 January after accepting a position as deputy souri, Kansas, and Washington. mented a successful marketing and PR cam- on a new career after retiring from the United Democracy: The Struggle for Political and Civil usaid paign. Goldstein has been recognized by the Winona Varnon mpa, ksgee 2005 was honored country representative for Pact, a -funded Nations: that of country music songwriter and Rights in the 21st Century, in which he challenges ngo Boston Business Journal and Providence Business in September with the Presidential Rank Award that strengthens the capacity of local performer. His compact disc, Silver Bluff Estates, current political science on global governance hiv/aids 1991 News 40 Under 40 awards for promising young of Meritorious Executive. To be selected, senior organizations working on , livelihoods, was released in the fall. More information is and proposes a new foreign policy doctrine, peace building, natural resource management, Roger Keithline mpa remains at cbs News in business leaders. Previously he founded Youth executives must be nominated by their agency available at his Web site www.jeeprosenberg.com. based on the democratic sharing of power in gender equity, and democracy and governance. New York, where he is the broadcast writer for Tech Entrepreneurs, a program enabling high heads, evaluated by boards of private citizens, world affairs. Ideas are applied to current The Early Show. He married Justine Pilkington Thomas Steinbach mpp has joined the William school students to run their schools’ Web sites and approved by the president of the United Roxanne Qualls mpa, iop 2000 was issues such as the stalemate at the wto, the in July. and Flora Hewlett Foundation as a and help desks, which grew into an organization States. The evaluation criteria focus on leadership reelected to the Cincinnati City Council in next Kyoto agreement on climate change, or program officer in the organization’s Environ- serving 35 Massachusetts school districts. He and results. Winona is director of security serv- November. nuclear proliferation in Iran. The book, ment Program. He will focus on Western con- also cofounded LiNCBoston, an association for ices at the U.S. Department of Education. She is published by Vanderbilt University Press, has 1993 reunion servation and energy policy and help shape the emerging nonprofit leaders. a 22-year federal employee with 10 years as a been described as inspirational and farsighted, John Mecklin mpa is editor in chief of a new program’s ongoing strategy. Previously he was Roger Goodman mpa was elected last year to career senior executive. In January 2007, she as well as rigorously analytical and grounded national magazine to be published by the executive director of the Greenbelt Alliance, the Washington State House of Representatives received the President’s Gold Volunteer Service in today’s realities. Miller-McClune Center on Research, Media and a San Francisco area nonprofit that works in from the 45th District (Seattle suburbs of Kirk- Award for more than 3,800 hours of volunteer TANITSAKAKINI Public Policy in Santa Barbara, ca, beginning land conservation and urban planning. He was land and Redmond) and is currently vice chair also named a recipient of the University of of the House Judiciary Committee. California’s Nonprofit Leadership Fellowship. 44 KENNEDYSCHOOLBULLETIN | S P R I N G 2 0 0 8 45 CLASSNOTES

HARVARDKENNEDYSCHOOL

John Verret mpp/jd is now a tenure-track continues to pursue his interest in George Mar- 2003 reunion professor of corporate and securities law at shall and U.S. foreign policy from the 1940s, In Memoriam Jennifer Anastasoff mpp reports that the The George Mason University School of Law. which first developed during his time at the Joseph B. “Bain” D’Souza mpa 1956 organization she started while at the Kennedy Kennedy School. He can be contacted at Nancy J. Dunn mpa 1985 SAVE THE DATE Alexander Yiaway Yeh mpp was elected to the School, BuildingBlocks International, was [email protected]. Louis A. Kunzig iii mpa 1965 city council in Palo Alto, CA, in November. mpp 1973 mentioned in Forbes.com and in the first major Marjorie Decker mpa was reelected to the Cam- Bill Strauss study on international corporate volunteerism, bridge City Council in November. Volunteering for Impact, produced by fsg t REUNIONS 2008 2007 Frederick Wellman mpa writes that on his way (www.fsg-impact.org). Anastasoff invites May 16–18 Margot Botsford mpa was nominated by Gov- to Iraq, he transited through Washington, DC, alumni to visit the BuildingBlocks Web site ernor Deval Patrick in July to serve on the Mas- If you graduated from a degree program in 2003, and was asked by the Army’s chief of public at www.bblocks.org. t sachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, the oldest affairs to stay in Washington and work for him. David Rekhviashvili mpp appellate court in continuous existence in the writes that he 1998, 1993, 1988, or 1983, plan to be in Cambridge May His first job is as deputy commander of the Sol- Western Hemisphere. On September 4, she was has moved from his position as a public affairs diers Media Center in Crystal City, VA. A fairly 16–18, 2008, to celebrate your class reunion. Haven’t sworn in before a thousand enthusiastic friends advisor to ExxonMobil Development Company new organization, it owns all the Army’s inter- and supporters inside the grand rotunda of in Houston, and is now in London coordinating nal media outlets, including the official maga- registered? Go to www.hks.haravrd.edu/about/alumni Boston’s beautiful John Adams Courthouse, Exxon Mobil Corporation’s government rela- zine, Web site, television, radio, news service, where she will serve. tions and public affairs activities in Europe, and register online. We’ll see you in May! and broadcast networks around the world. “I North Africa, Russia, and the Caspian region. Richard Crowder mpa is now working in am using an awful lot of my education,” he says. In this new position, he is also responsible for Brussels for the European Union, as part of the His biggest mission is to create a collaborative managing external interfaces with governmental Policy Unit of Javier Solana, who serves as high and convergent organization. Following that representatives, diplomatic missions, industry representative for the eu’s Common Foreign mandate, he is pushing his coworkers to look at associations, and academic institutions that are and Security Policy. Richard and his family have stories on a multi-platform angle instead of just based in London and focus on these regions. In settled into life in Brussels and expect to remain their traditional lanes. He invites people to visit School. The award recognizes alumni who have Sara Shenkan mpp is now vice principal November, he gave a speech on “ExxonMobil’s there for three years or so. In his spare time, he www.army.mil for a look at the results. Global Outlook on Meeting Energy Demand” received their undergraduate degrees within of Sanchez College Preparatory in the Mission at the Royal Institute of International Affairs the past 10 years, who are already making District of San Francisco. She writes that 72 (Chatham House) in London. significant contributions to society through percent of the students qualify for free lunch professional and/or philanthropic work. and 68 percent are English language learners. Peter Tynan mpp spent four months last year Last year their test scores rose 46 points, four running for Federal Parliament in Australia. Kevin Corke mpa, an nbc News correspondent, times the state average. Every day the students The incumbent from his home area unexpect- gave the fourth annual John E. Holden Journal- are rewarded with “college cash” for excellent edly announced his retirement in mid-April ism Lecture, sponsored by the University of Col- academic choices and community building 2007, and within three days, Peter flew home orado at Boulder School of Journalism and decisions, such as using vocabulary words in and entered the race for his party’s nomination. Mass Communication, in November. His topic a sentence, helping a friend with math home- He ran against seven others, ultimately coming was “Saints, Scoundrels, and Scribes: work, or receiving 100 percent on a test. The in a strong second. He found the election at Covering the 2008 Presidential Campaign.” students then redeem their “college cash” at the times both fascinating and rather grueling. Amy Serrano ksgee directed The Sugar school store for school supplies, Sanchez para- “Just my luck,” he writes, “it was deemed in the Babies: The Plight of the Children of Agricul- phernalia, or college gear. “The college prizes,” press as the ‘messiest selection in Australia’s tural Workers in the Sugar Industry of the she writes, “help our students to begin visualiz- history’ and involved a Supreme Court Dominican Republic, which was selected to ing themselves as college students and expose injunction, a postponement, one candidate’s launch the Montreal International Haitian them to colleges outside the San Francisco area.” disendorsement, and a revote, not to mention Film Festival last September. This feature- investigative reporters making it a national length documentary focuses on the moral issue.” Copies of a book he coauthored with price of sugar — past and present — from 2006 fellow Kennedy School students David the perspective of the conditions surrounding Katherine “Kate” Kohler mpa was recently Madden mpp 2002 and Andrew Leigh mpa the children of sugar cane cutters of Haitian named to the Council on Foreign Relations 2002, Ph.D. 2004, Imagining Australia: Ideas for ancestry in the Dominican Republic, and the Corporate Leader Program by her firm, Morgan Our Future, were sent to voters’ houses with some continuing denial of their human rights. Stanley. Kate will serve as one of two representa- of the controversial ideas highlighted (courtesy The film was produced by Siren Studios and tives of the firm and participate in the Term of another candidate’s team). “All part of the fun coproduced by the Human Rights Foundation Member Program for one year. — not!” Now he is back in Washington, DC, for and the Hope, Courage, and Justice Daniel Shapiro mpa writes that after graduating a more calm pace for a while. Project. The interactive Web site is at from hks and hbs in June, he and Sarah mar- www.sugarbabiesfilm.com. ried in Virginia Beach, VA, and settled in New 2004 York City. He also joined a young brand strategy Ken Biberaj mpp received the 2007 Rising 2005 and design firm, Infinia Group, and is helping it Star Award from American University in Sanjiv Kaura mpa is writing a blog for expand into health and wellness and sustainabil- Washington, DC. He is the vice president The Times of India. Read what he has to say at ity projects and working with start-ups to and spokesperson for the Russian Tea Room www.lead.timesofindia.com/Sanjiv_Kaura.asp. launch new brands. In addition, he is hoping Funding Group, director of Investment Sales to get involved in New York City policy and Patricia Paul ksgee for Broadway West Enterprises, Ltd., and a participated in the politics in some meaningful way. He would love third-year law student at the New York Law Reuniao Equatorial de Antropologia and to hear from classmates at dannyshapiro@ x Reuniao de Antropologis Norte-Nordeste gmail.com. in October in Aracaju, capital of the northeastern Brazilian state of Sergipe. 46 KENNEDYSCHOOLBULLETIN | S P R I N G 2 0 0 8 47 exit poll THELASTWORD

A CALL for May 1992 December 2007 NOMINATIONS

Julius E. Babbitt Memorial Alumni Volunteer Award Honoring an alumna/us who has demonstrated uncommon commitment to advancing the spirit of volunteerism and service to the Kennedy School and the alumni community. The award is named in memory of Julius E. Babbitt mpa 2001, former director of the Alumni Office and a passionate and tireless volunteer.

To submit a nomination and for more information about the award, go to www.hks.harvard.edu/about/alumni. After All These Years While more than 15 years have elapsed since former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev last visited the Kennedy School (inset), tickets this past December to hear one of the men who presided over the end of the Cold War were once again lottery only. In his earlier visit, just five months DEADLINE: June 15, 2008 after resigning as president, Gorbachev spoke of the former Soviet Union’s need for U.S. support as it began its reform process. In December, Gorbachev (seen above sharing the stage with Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Director Graham Allison) spoke about international security in the 21st century, noting that Russia and the United States must take the lead in moving the world toward nuclear disarmament. Gorbachev was in town to attend a conference, “Overcoming Nuclear Danger,” organized by the World Political Forum, which he founded, and the Belfer Center. MARTHASTEWART MARTHASTEWART

ALUMNI PROGRAMS OFFICE 48 Nonprofit Organization U.S. Postage PAID 79 John F. Kennedy Street Burlington, VT Cambridge, MA 02138 USA Permit No. 216 617-495-1100 www.hks.harvard.edu

TIME FLIES! Only five years ago, these folks were on campus celebrating their reunion. Now it’s that time again! Degree Program Reunion for alumni in the classes of 1983, 1988, 1993, 1998, 2003 May 16–18, 2008 MARTHASTEWART