DOCSLIB.ORG

Download Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

INDEPENDENT HIGH LEVEL PANEL OF LEGAL EXPERTS ON MEDIA FREEDOM Appointed by Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury at the request of the Governments of the United Kingdom and Canada A Pressing Concern: Protecting and Promoting Press Freedom by Strengthening Consular Support to Journalists at Risk Drafted by: the Honourable Professor Irwin Cotler, PC, OC, OQ © International Bar Association 2020 A Pressing Concern: Protecting and Promoting Press Freedom by Strengthening Consular Support to Journalists at Risk An International Bar Association Human Rights Institute Report 16 November 2020 Drafted by: the Honourable Professor Irwin Cotler, PC, OC, OQ With the executive summary and recommendations endorsed by the members of the High Level Panel of Legal Experts on Media Freedom: Lord David Neuberger (Chair) Amal Clooney (Deputy Chair) Ms. Hina Jilani Professor Dario Milo Professor Sarah Cleveland Baroness Helena Kennedy Mr. Can Yeğinsu Ms. Karuna Nundy Ms. Galina Arapova Justice Manuel José Cepeda Espinosa Professor Kyung-Sin Park Baroness Françoise Tulkens Ms. Catherine Anite Judge Robert D. Sack, Adviser 2 International Bar Association Human Rights Institute Contents Endorsements 6 Executive summary 7 The importance and imperative of consular assistance as a tool to protect journalist nationals at risk abroad: towards a legal paradigm of home State obligation 9 A legal approach to consular assistance for journalists at risk abroad 10 Journalists’ underlying rights when working abroad 12 What can be done to protect journalists working abroad? 13 TOWARDS A CHARTER OF RIGHTS FOR DETAINED JOURNALISTS: A NEW RIGHTS-BASED PARADIGM 13 PROTECTING JOURNALISTS’ RIGHTS ABROAD: ENSHRINING A CODE OF CONDUCT FOR THE PROVISION OF CONSULAR ASSISTANCE BY THE HOME STATE 15 Global accountability through an international commissioner 17 I. Scope and acknowledgements 18 Institutions 18 Representatives of international organisations 19 Individuals 19 LEGAL 19 MEDIA 19 Personal history with consular assistance: consular assistance and protection in international law 20 CONSULAR ASSISTANCE AND PROTECTION FOR DETAINEES IMPRISONED ABROAD: PERSONAL REFLECTIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS OF CASE STUDIES 20 ROLE AS LAW PROFESSOR 21 ROLE AS INTERNATIONAL LEGAL COUNSEL TO POLITICAL PRISONERS AND TARGETED JOURNALISTS 21 ROLE AS PARLIAMENTARIAN ON BEHALF OF POLITICAL PRISONERS AND JOURNALISTS 26 ROLE AS MINISTER OF JUSTICE AND ATTORNEY GENERAL: MAHER ARAR AS A CASE STUDY 30 ROLE AS CHAIR OF RAOUL WALLENBERG CENTRE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS: CASES OF SAEED MALEKPOUR AND RAIF BADAWI, JOURNALISTS UNDER ARBITRARY DETENTION AND TORTURE 32 A Pressing Concern: Protecting and Promoting Press Freedom by Strengthening 3 Consular Support to Journalists at Risk II. Introduction A pressing concern 38 A free press protects human rights 38 The safety of journalists is at the core of a free press 40 Case study: Mohamed Fahmy 40 Who is a journalist? 42 Case study: Raif Badawi 44 War correspondents 48 III. Consular assistance and the protection of international journalists 49 Introduction 49 The importance of consular support as a tool to protect nationals abroad 50 Case study: Dawit Isaak 53 Consular support as a State right 56 Case study: Dr Wang Bingzhang, Huseyin Celil and Sun Qian 57 Traditional approach to consular support as a State obligation 61 Contemporary developments in consular support as a State obligation 63 MOVEMENT AWAY FROM THE VATTELIAN FICTION 63 Consular support as a home State obligation 65 Case study: the US 68 Case study: Declan Walsh 71 The particular situation of dual nationals 72 Case study: Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe 74 IV. Underlying rights relevant to consular support for journalists 76 Introduction 76 Freedom of expression and freedom of the press 77 Case study: UN resolutions and declarations on media freedom 79 Case study: Maria Ressa 81 Arbitrary detention 84 Case study: Saeed Malekpour 84 Case study: Ekpar Asat 88 Torture and inhuman treatment 89 Case study: Maher Arar 93 4 International Bar Association Human Rights Institute V. Strengthening consular support for journalists at risk: recommendations and minimum standards 96 Introduction 96 TOWARDS A CHARTER OF RIGHTS FOR DETAINED JOURNALISTS: A NEW RIGHTS-BASED PARADIGM 96 GLOBAL ACCOUNTABILITY THROUGH AN INTERNATIONAL COMMISSIONER 100 PROTECTING JOURNALISTS’ RIGHTS ABROAD: ENSHRINING A CODE OF CONDUCT FOR THE PROVISION OF CONSULAR ASSISTANCE BY THE HOME STATE 101 Consular preparation 102 Consular training 103 Consular obligation to investigate 103 Provision of consular support 104 Ensuring accountability for the home State 106 ENDING IMPUNITY FOR THOSE WHO THREATEN A FREE PRESS 107 REFUSING TO ALLOW REPORTING TO BE SILENCED 108 Case study: Daphne Caruana Galizia 108 VI. Conclusion 110 A Pressing Concern: Protecting and Promoting Press Freedom by Strengthening 5 Consular Support to Journalists at Risk Endorsements Committee to Protect Journalists Felice Gaer, Director of the Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights and Former Vice Chair United Nations Committee against Torture RSF RÉFÉRENCES COULEUR : LOGO EN R1 17/12/19 R=0 V=0 B=0 R=228 V=0 B=70 UN Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression, Irene Khan 6 International Bar Association Human Rights Institute Executive summary The importance and imperative of press freedom – and the particular salience of consular assistance in securing it – is exposed and expressed in the context of the current pandemic. While the world witnesses the rapid spread of Covid-19, there is an equally virulent pandemic of assaults on media freedom, underpinned by a crisis of democratic recession and global resurgence of authoritarianism. Consequently, journalists and media organisations have been increasingly targeted due to the crucial, though often under-appreciated, role they play in ensuring a free and informed society. To prevent the press from exposing human rights violations and promoting public scrutiny of government action, a growing number of States have engaged in both overt and covert efforts to censor, discredit and silence their work.1 Indeed, every day, journalists and media personnel around the world fall victim to arbitrary detention, violence or intimidation on account of their work.2 These attacks resonate beyond their individual cases, being not only attacks on free expression, but also exponential assaults that silence the subjects of the reporting and deprive the public of their stories. By threatening and targeting journalists, States seek to send a dissuasive message, suppressing those who would report on their wrongdoings. A free press is essential for exercising human rights and fundamental freedoms; it lies at the core of democratic values. In order for citizens to hold their governments to account, they need free and independent news sources to provide them with accurate information and informed analysis.3 Accordingly, any attempt to threaten the independence or safety of journalists is fundamentally anti-democratic.4 The States that interfere with the vital work of international journalists do so, most predictably, because they fear this free flow of information. They know that if journalists cannot report on their abuses, such crimes can continue with impunity. But while the global crackdown on media freedom may be more pronounced in authoritarian regimes, democracies are certainly not immune. According to the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), between 29 May to 1 June 2020 at least 125 press freedom violations were reported throughout the United States by journalists and media workers covering the nationwide protests over the killing of George Floyd 1 A G Sulzberger, ‘The Growing Threat to Journalism Around the World’ (The New York Times, 23 September 2019). 2 See Amal Clooney, ‘The Use of Targeted Sanctions to Protect Journalists’ (IBA 2020) p 5; CPJ, Data of Journalists and Media Workers Killed between 2018 and 2020 (as of 17 January 2020) https://cpj.org/data/killed/?stat us=Killed&motiveConfirmed%5B%5D=Confirmed&type%5B%5D=Journalist&start_year=1992&end_ year=2020&group_by=year. 3 See ‘Statement by the Media Freedom Coalition on its first meeting’ (Government of Canada, 26 February 2020) www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/issues_development-enjeux_developpement/human_rights- droits_homme/2020-02-25-media_freedom-liberte_medias.aspx?lang=eng. 4 IBAHRI, Freedom of Expression Bulletin Issue 3 (IBA, 5 May 2020) p 12 www.ibanet.org/Document/Default. aspx?DocumentUid=0afd40bc-ab84-4cd6-9c7b-354387ec57f6. A Pressing Concern: Protecting and Promoting Press Freedom by Strengthening 7 Consular Support to Journalists at Risk by Minneapolis police.5 CNN journalists were arrested live on air while reporting on the protests in Minneapolis,6 and Australian journalists were attacked by police during a live newscast while covering the demonstrations in Washington, DC.7 As of 7 September 2020, the US Press Freedom Tracker counted a total of 746 press freedom incidents targeting journalists in the context of the George Floyd protests alone.8 The global decline in media freedom has been intensified by the coronavirus pandemic.9 As the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights has reported, ‘some States have used the outbreak of the new coronavirus as a pretext to restrict information and stifle criticism’.10 State actors are lashing out at journalists who are critical of their government’s crisis response, or who have merely referenced the extent of the
Recommended publications
  • Chinese Commercial Espionage and the Arrest of Meng Wanzhou | James Mulvenon China Is Once Again Conducting Cyber-Enabled Theft of U.S

    Chinese Commercial Espionage and the Arrest of Meng Wanzhou | James Mulvenon China Is Once Again Conducting Cyber-Enabled Theft of U.S

    Chinese Commercial Espionage and the Arrest of Meng Wanzhou | James Mulvenon China is once again conducting cyber-enabled theft of U.S. intellectual December 11th, 2018 property to advance its technological capabilities. To combat the problem, the United States should build a multinational coalition, INTRODUCTION sanction Chinese companies, and strengthen cyber defenses. – CFR James Mulvenon is Vice-President of Defense Group Inc.’s (DGI) Intelligence Division and Director of DGI’s Center for Intelligence Research and Analysis (CIRA). Dr. Mulvenon is an expert on the Chinese military and Chinese cyber issues, and has published widely on Chinese military affairs, party-army relations, C4ISR (command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, and reconnaissance), and nuclear weapons doctrine and organizations. Among his professional affiliations, Dr. Mulvenon is a founding member and current President of the Cyber Conflict Studies Association, is presently a member of the National Committee for U.S.- China Relations, and was a term member of the Council on Foreign Relations between 1999 and 2004. He is a regular commentator on both the Chinese military and cyber warfare in major U.S. print and TV media. Dr. Mulvenon's book, Soldiers of Fortune (Sharpe, 2001) details the rise and fall of the Chinese military's multi- billion-dollar international business empire. His more recent publications include Chinese Industrial Espionage: Technology Acquisition and Military Modernization (co-authored with William C. Hannas and Anna B. Puglisi; Routlege, 2013) and “PLA Computer Network Operations: Scenarios, Doctrine, Organizations, and Capability,” (in Roy Kamphausen, et al. Beyond the Strait: PLA Missions Other Than Taiwan, NBR, 2009). Dr.
  • Consular Protection Abroad: a Union Citizenship Fundamental Right?

    Consular Protection Abroad: a Union Citizenship Fundamental Right?

    UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA FACULTAD DE DERECHO DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIA POLÍTICA Y DERECHO PÚBLICO CONSULAR PROTECTION ABROAD: A UNION CITIZENSHIP FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT? TESIS DOCTORAL Presentada por Eva­Maria Alexandrova POPTCHEVA bajo la dirección de la Dra. Teresa FREIXES SANJUÁN Bellaterra, febrero 2012 «Les hommes n'acceptent le changement que dans la nécessité et ils ne voient la nécessité que dans la crise.» Jean Monnet Mémoires 1976 Table of Contents A. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................7 B. CONCEPTUALISING “CONSULAR PROTECTION” ..................................27 I. Problem‐Statement..........................................................................................28 II. Multilevel Context of Consular Protection ...........................................29 1. Differentiation between Diplomatic and Consular Protection 31 1. 1. Triggering Event.................................................................................45 1. 2. Nationality Rule and Third States’ Consent ............................47 1. 3. Right to Diplomatic Protection under European Union Law?...................................................................................................................50 1. 4. Discretionary Character of Diplomatic Protection...............59 1. 5. Interim Findings .................................................................................61 2. Relationship between International Law‐ and European Union Law‐Rules ..............................................................................................62
  • EU-Korea Convergence and Partnerships 10 Years After the EU-ROK FTA, in the Post Covid Era and Within the US-China Trade War

    EU-Korea Convergence and Partnerships 10 Years After the EU-ROK FTA, in the Post Covid Era and Within the US-China Trade War

    EU-Korea convergence and partnerships 10 years after the EU-ROK FTA, in the post Covid era and within the US-China trade war Asia Centre is delighted to host a distinguished panel to discuss the current status of EU and Republic of Korea partnerships, relations and cooperation on multilateral issues and focused sectors of mutual interest. Please find some of the papers of the authors-speakers on the following pages. CHAIRS: • Lukas MANDL (chairman of the European Parliament’s Delegation for Relations with the Korean Peninsula) • Jean-François DI MEGLIO (President of Asia Centre) SPEAKERS : Panel 1 : The points of convergence within the analysis of post Covid international relations • Maximilian MAYER (University of Bonn) : introduction • Antoine BONDAZ (FRS, SciencesPo): “The Covid-19 pandemic as a great opportunity for greater EU-Korea coordinAtion And cooperAtion” • Nicola CASARINI (Istituto Affari InternAzionAli): « EU-Korea strAtegic pArtnership ten years after. Opportunities, and challenges, in the age of Covid and mounting US-China tensions » • Paul ANDRE (SciencesPo): « Is KoreA on the threshold of the G7? StrAtegic opportunities and challenges ahead in the perspective of an enlarged G7 » • René CONSOLO (French diplomAt who worked in PyongyAng): « The European Union’s Restrictive Measures against North Korea: a medium term view, beyond the current difficulties. Looking at solutions beyond the deadlock ». Transition: Elisabeth Suh (SWP): « Certain uncertainty – the cyber challeng posed by Pyongyang » Panel 2 : Future opportunities of EU-ROK cooperation in specific areas of competence and excellence • Ramon PACHECO-PARDO (King’s College): « Reassessment of the goals intended and achieved through the EU-ROK FTA » • Tereza NOVOTNA (MArie SklodowskA-Curie Fellow): « WhAt EU-ROK Partnership within the US-China Conflict? » • Brigitte DEKKER (ClingendAel Institute): « EU-ROK digital connectivity: United, we must stand.
  • How to Fund Investigative Journalism Insights from the Field and Its Key Donors Imprint

    How to Fund Investigative Journalism Insights from the Field and Its Key Donors Imprint

    EDITION DW AKADEMIE | 2019 How to fund investigative journalism Insights from the field and its key donors Imprint PUBLISHER RESPONSIBLE PUBLISHED Deutsche Welle Jan Lublinski September 2019 53110 Bonn Carsten von Nahmen Germany © DW Akademie EDITORS AUTHOR Petra Aldenrath Sameer Padania Nadine Jurrat How to fund investigative journalism Insights from the field and its key donors Sameer Padania ABOUT THE REPORT About the report This report is designed to give funders a succinct and accessible introduction to the practice of funding investigative journalism around the world, via major contemporary debates, trends and challenges in the field. It is part of a series from DW Akademie looking at practices, challenges and futures of investigative journalism (IJ) around the world. The paper is intended as a stepping stone, or a springboard, for those who know little about investigative journalism, but who would like to know more. It is not a defense, a mapping or a history of the field, either globally or regionally; nor is it a description of or guide to how to conduct investigations or an examination of investigative techniques. These are widely available in other areas and (to some extent) in other languages already. Rooted in 17 in-depth expert interviews and wide-ranging desk research, this report sets out big-picture challenges and oppor- tunities facing the IJ field both in general, and in specific regions of the world. It provides donors with an overview of the main ways this often precarious field is financed in newsrooms and units large and small. Finally it provides high-level practical ad- vice — from experienced donors and the IJ field — to help new, prospective or curious donors to the field to find out how to get started, and what is important to do, and not to do.
  • Annual Report 2018

    Annual Report 2018

    ANNUAL REPORT 2018 PAGE 1 Table of Contents IT TAKES A NETWORK OUR MISSION & VISION................. 2 TO FIGHT A NETWORK LETTER FROM THE PUBLISHER ......2 THE NETWORK: MEMBER CENTERS .......................... 3 Letter from the Publisher THE NETWORK: MEDIA PARTNERS ........................... 4 In February 2018, I got the call that no editor required to expose this growing, menacing ever wants to receive. Pavla Holcova, an editor threat to democracy. OUR MISSION at the Czech Center for Investigative IMPACT TO DATE ............................. 5 As we reflect on the past year, it is clear we are Reporting, called to tell me a young living in a dark era for journalism and freedom By developing and investigative reporter she had been partnering STORIES THAT MATTERED: of the press. Around the world, populist with had been murdered, along with his equipping a global leaders are openly hostile toward the media 2018 HIGHLIGHTS ........................... 6 fiancée. network of investigative and incite their followers toward hatred and ACCELERATING IMPACT: journalists and publishing Ján Kuciak was a reporter at Aktuality.sk, an violence. Reporters in many countries are outlet in Slovakia that partnered with Holcova routinely smeared, accused of terrorism and THE GLOBAL ANTI- their stories, OCCRP for a series of investigative stories. He was other false charges, and thrown in jail. CORRUPTION CONSORTIUM ....... 10 exposes crime and working on a story for us about the Reporters Without Borders cites 2018 as the corruption so the public ‘Ndrangheta, a notorious Calabrian-based most dangerous year on record for journalists, STRONGER COLLABO- can hold power to mafia group that had crossed into Slovakia.
  • Predators 2021 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

    Predators 2021 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PREDATORS 2021 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Azerbaijan 167/180* Eritrea 180/180* Isaias AFWERKI Ilham Aliyev Born 2 February 1946 Born 24 December 1961 > President of the Republic of Eritrea > President of the Republic of Azerbaijan since 19 May 1993 since 2003 > Predator since 18 September 2001, the day he suddenly eliminated > Predator since taking office, but especially since 2014 his political rivals, closed all privately-owned media and jailed outspoken PREDATORY METHOD: Subservient judicial system journalists Azerbaijan’s subservient judicial system convicts journalists on absurd, spurious PREDATORY METHOD: Paranoid totalitarianism charges that are sometimes very serious, while the security services never The least attempt to question or challenge the regime is regarded as a threat to rush to investigate physical attacks on journalists and sometimes protect their “national security.” There are no more privately-owned media, only state media assailants, even when they have committed appalling crimes. Under President with Stalinist editorial policies. Journalists are regarded as enemies. Some have Aliyev, news sites can be legally blocked if they pose a “danger to the state died in prison, others have been imprisoned for the past 20 years in the most or society.” Censorship was stepped up during the war with neighbouring appalling conditions, without access to their family or a lawyer. According to Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh and the government routinely refuses to give the information RSF has been getting for the past two decades, journalists accreditation to foreign journalists.
  • The Rise and Fall of the Wolf Warriors

    The Rise and Fall of the Wolf Warriors

    THE RISE AND FALL OF THE WOLF WARRIORS Yun Jiang N 2020, the usually polite and us ‘chequebook diplomacy’ (aid Iconservative diplomats from the and investment to gain diplomatic People’s Republic of China (PRC) recognition vis-à-vis Taiwan) and attracted attention around the world ‘panda diplomacy’ (sending pandas to for breaking form. ‘Wolf warrior build goodwill). diplomacy’ is a term used to describe Wolf Warrior 战狼 was a popular the newly assertive and combative Chinese film released in 2015. It was style of Chinese diplomats, in action followed by a sequel, Wolf Warrior 2, as well as rhetoric. It is not the only which became the highest-grossing diplomacy-related term that China film in Chinese box office history. They became famous for this year; there were both aggressively nationalistic was also ‘mask diplomacy’ (the films, comparable with Hollywood’s shipment of medical goods to build Rambo, portraying the Chinese hero goodwill) and ‘hostage diplomacy’ as someone who saves his compatriots (the detention of foreign citizens in and others from international China to gain leverage over another ‘bad guys’, including American country). Previous years brought mercenaries. The tagline of both films 34 powerful counter-attack only when 35 being attacked’ is more like Kung Fu Panda, while wolf warrior diplomacy is more of a ‘US trait’.1 However it is characterised, the way Chinese diplomats operate reflects the attitude to diplomacy and foreign affairs of the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The discretionary The Rise and Fall of the Wolf Warriors The Rise and Fall of the Wolf Yun Jiang power of even the top foreign policy bureaucrats and diplomats is relatively CRISIS limited in the Chinese system.
  • 2014 Annual Report

    2014 Annual Report

    20 14 ANNUAL REPORT 20 14 ANNUAL REPORT ACCORDINGLY, WE BELIEVE THAT ALL HUMAN BEINGS ARE ENTITLED TO: HRF FREEDOM... ... of self-determination MISSION ... from arbitrary detainment or exile ... of association & OVERVIEW ... of speech and expression ... from slavery and torture ... from interference and coercion The Human Rights Foundation (HRF) is a in matters of conscience nonpartisan nonprofit organization that promotes and protects human rights globally, with a focus on closed societies. Our mission THE RIGHT... is to ensure that freedom is both preserved ... to be able to participate in the governments and promoted around the world. We seek, in of their countries particular, to sustain the struggle for liberty in ... to enter and leave their countries those areas where it is most under threat. ... to worship in the manner of their choice ... to equal treatment and due process under law ... to acquire and dispose of property 04 05 This year, HRF also launched ‘‘Speaking Freely,’’ a three-to-five-year legal research project that aims to expose the pervasive abuse of incitement and official defamation laws by authoritarian regimes, with the goal of encouraging international human rights courts to Letter from take a more robust stand for free speech. Through our various partnerships we were also able to provide tools and knowledge to human rights activists. We helped countless dissidents and journalists the President encrypt their sensitive information with tech firms Silent Circle and Wickr, taught human rights defenders how to ensure their digital and physical safety with a security firm, and, with the head of culture and trends at YouTube, brought together activists to learn how to create successful videos.
  • On the Horizon

    On the Horizon

    On the Horizon What to Watch in 2020 Wilson Center Experts Weigh In years years years 50 Years of Excellence - why us, why now? “There are many voices of counsel, but few voices of vision.” - Woodrow Wilson Decoding a World of Change for Washington In a world marked by complexity, volatility, and a din of competing agendas, the Wilson Center is the nation’s indispensable resource for decoding today’s most pressing foreign policy challenges. Leveraging its global expertise and perspective, award-winning scholar- ship and analysis, and a fiercely nonpartisan spirit, the Center informs actionable ideas for policymakers across the political spectrum. Chartered by Congress 50 years ago as a living memorial to President Wilson, the Center’s work today spans more than a dozen regional and thematic programs to tackle hot-button security issues – from the North Korean nuclear threat to the implications of a risen China and from North American trade to global cyberwarfare. The Center also serves a vital role in linking Washington to the world, hosting U.S. lawmakers and global leaders, while continually expanding its unparalleled network of some 5,000 former fellows. The next generation of policy leaders will also trace its roots to the Wilson Center, as the Foreign Policy Fellowship Program and Cybersecurity and AI Labs connect select Congressional staff with top scholars and practitioners to help prepare them for current and future challenges. Scott Walker Chairman of the Board of Trustees Jane Harman Director, President, and CEO One Woodrow Wilson Plaza Aaron C. Jones 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Director of Congressional Relations Washington, DC 20004-3027 [email protected] www.wilsoncenter.org 202.691.4140 [email protected] facebook.com/woodrowwilsoncenter @thewilsoncenter 202.691.4000 B Our Programs Africa Program.............................................................................................
  • Höhepunkte Des Interviews Mit Präsident Isaias Afwerki

    Höhepunkte Des Interviews Mit Präsident Isaias Afwerki

    28.02.2021 Botschaft des Staates Eritrea in Deutschland . 5. Jahrgang / Nr. 2 - Public Diplomacy und Medien – In dieser Ausgabe: Höhepunkte des Interviews mit Präsident Operation Fenkil: Offizielles Isaias Afwerki Gedenken .................................. 3 Fenkil an ihrem 31. Jahrestag ... 4 Delegation im Sudan ................. 5 Öffentliche Gesundheitsdienste .................................................. 6 Südliche Region: Prävalenz von In einem exklusiven, zweistündigen Interview, das am 17. dieses Monats live Malaria rückläufig ..................... 7 auf Eri-TV und Radio Dimtis Hafash ausgestrahlt wurde, sprach Präsident Isaias Afwerki ausführlich über die Entstehung und die aktuelle Situation des Förderung von Maßnahmen zur Konflikts in der Region Tigray in Äthiopien, den schwelenden Grenzstreit Blindheitsverhütung ................. 7 zwischen dem Sudan und Äthiopien, die Kontroverse zwischen den wichtigsten Anrainerstaaten über die Nutzung des Nilwassers und die Beziehungen Eritreas zu seinen Partnern in der Golf- und Rotmeerregion. Frauen in Gesundheitswesen ... 8 Präsident Isaias sprach auch wichtige innenpolitische Themen an, darunter Eritreas aktueller präventiver Ansatz und Fahrplan zur Kontrolle der COVID- Landwirtschaftsministerium: 19-Pandemie, die Entwicklungsprioritäten der Regierung für 2021, Assessment‐Sitzung ................ 10 Programme zum Ausbau der Stromerzeugung des Landes sowie Fortschritte bei der Umsetzung von Gehaltserhöhungen im öffentlichen Dienst. Kontrolle des Wüsten‐ Zur Krise in Äthiopien hob
  • Beyond Breard

    Beyond Breard

    Beyond Breard By Erik G. Luna* Douglas J. Sylvester** I. INTRODUCTION Angel Francisco Breard was no angel. Seven years after coming to the United States on a student visa,' the Paraguayan citizen was arrested and tried for the murder of Ruth Dickie. Forensic evidence at the scene of the crime undeniably pointed towards Breard's guilt.2 The most damning evidence, how- ever, came from the defendant's own mouth. On the stand, Breard admitted that he had armed himself on the night of the crime because he "wanted to use the knife to force a woman to have sex with [him]." 3 He engaged Dickie in a con- versation on the street and followed her home. Breard then forced his way into the woman's apartment and brutally murdered her.4 Breard's only defense at trial was that he acted under a Satanic curse placed upon him by his former father-in-law.5 As one might expect, the jury spumed this defense and convicted Breard on all counts. During the subsequent penalty phase of the trial, the twelve-person panel learned that the defendant had previ- ously attempted to abduct one woman at knifepoint and had sexually assaulted another female victim. Based on his "future dangerousness" to society and the "vileness" of the murder, Breard was sentenced to death.6 After numerous state and federal appeals, the thirty-two year-old convicted murderer was executed by lethal injection on April 14, 1998. 7 Without more, the Breard case was destined to be a mere footnote in the annals of death penalty jurisprudence.
  • Defining Victims of Hate Speech Targeting Religious Minorities Whittney Barth

    Defining Victims of Hate Speech Targeting Religious Minorities Whittney Barth

    Chicago Journal of International Law Volume 19 Number 1 Article 3 8-16-2018 Taking "Great Care": Defining Victims of Hate Speech arT geting Religious Minorities Whittney Barth Follow this and additional works at: https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cjil Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Barth, Whittney (2018) "Taking "Great Care": Defining Victims of Hate Speech arT geting Religious Minorities," Chicago Journal of International Law: Vol. 19: No. 1, Article 3. Available at: https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cjil/vol19/iss1/3 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by Chicago Unbound. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chicago Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of Chicago Unbound. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Taking Great Care: Defining Victims of Hate Speech Targeting Religious Minorities Whittney Barth Abstract This Comment explores the intersection of race and religion in cases brought before the Human Rights Committee alleging violations of Article 20(2) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. This article proposes a positive requirement for states parties to prohibit hate speech. Specifically, the following analysis considers Committee determinations of standing in cases brought by Muslims living in Europe who sought to challenge a state partys response to discriminatory remarks made by public figures. This Comment argues that these determinations, which appear to implicitly endorse a lower threshold for group standing when both race and religion are under attack (rather than religion alone) lead to three undesirable outcomes: 1) they weaken promised protections for minorities; 2) they fail to acknowledge the internal racial diversity of religious communities and the growing salience of religious identity; and 3) they do not account for the range of ways in which religion, race, and ethnicity are coded in the content and interpretation of the hate speech.