'Official' Languages of the Independent Asia-Pacific
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French Creoles
French Creoles A Comprehensive and Comparative Grammar French Creoles: A Comprehensive and Comparative Grammar is the fi rst complete reference to present the morphology, grammar, and syntax of a representative selection of French creoles in one volume. The book is organised to promote a thorough understanding of the grammar of French creoles and presents its complexities in a concise and readable form. An extensive index, cross-referencing, and a generous use of headings provide readers with immediate access to the information they require. The varieties included within the volume provide a representative collection of French creoles from the Indian, Atlantic, and Pacifi c Oceans, including: Mauritian Creole, Seychelles Creole, Réunion Creole (where relevant), Haitian Creole, Martinique Creole, Guadeloupe Creole, Guyanese French Creole, Karipuna, St. Lucia Creole, Louisiana Creole, and Tayo. By providing a comprehensive description of a range of French creoles in a clear and non-technical manner, this grammar is the ideal reference for all linguists and researchers with an interest in Creole studies and in French, descriptive and historical linguistics. Anand Syea is Reader in Linguistics at the University of Westminster (London) and a native speaker of Mauritian Creole. Routledge Comprehensive Grammars Comprehensive Grammars are available for the following languages: Bengali Burmese Cantonese Catalan Chinese Danish Dutch French Creoles Greek Indonesian Japanese Kazakh Modern Welsh Modern Written Arabic Panjabi Slovene Swedish Turkish Ukrainian French Creoles A Comprehensive and Comparative Grammar Anand Syea First published 2017 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2017 Anand Syea The right of Anand Syea to be identifi ed as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. -
WO/GA/24/4 REV.: Use of Portuguese As a Working Language of WIPO
E WO/GA/24/4 Rev. ORIGINAL: English WIPO DATE: July 19, 1999 WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION WIPO GENERAL ASSEMBLY Twenty-Fourth (14th Ordinary) Session Geneva, September 20 to 29, 1999 USE OF PORTUGUESE AS A WORKING LANGUAGE OF WIPO Document prepared by the International Bureau 1. In two letters dated November 11, 1998, and January 25, 1999, the President of Portugal’s National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), writing in the name of the seven countries whose official language is Portuguese, requested the Director General of WIPO to include, on the agenda of the next session of the WIPO General Assembly, consideration of the possibility of adopting Portuguese as a working language of WIPO. 2. In support of this request, the President of INPI stated that Portuguese is the fifth most widely spoken language in the world, being spoken by 200 million people, that all seven Portuguese–speaking countries are now party to the WIPO Convention and the main treaties administered by WIPO and that the majority of Portuguese speakers are nationals of developing countries. He also noted that the use of Portuguese as a working language of WIPO would reinforce and enhance the participation of Portuguese speaking countries in the development activities conducted by WIPO for their benefit and would reflect the new dynamic spirit of WIPO’s cooperation for development program. 3. It is recalled that Article 6(2)(vii) of the Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization provides that the General Assembly shall “determine the working languages of the Secretariat, taking into consideration the practice of the United Nations.” WO/GA/24/4 Rev. -
Working in a Foreign Language
Master in Learning and Communication in Multilingual and Multicultural Contexts WORKING IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: Case study of employees’ perceptions in a Luxembourg-based multinational company using English as a lingua franca Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ingrid de Saint-Georges Master Thesis submitted by: Yelena Radley Luxembourg June 2016 Abstracts With the globalisation of business and diversification of the workforce, an increasing number of companies implement a corporate language policy based on the use of a lingua franca, often English. Thus more and more people face the challenges of simultaneous socialisation into a new corporate and linguistic environment, and of re-inventing themselves as competent articulate professionals through the medium of a foreign language. While a number of studies have concentrated on the management angle of corporate communication, fewer seem to focus on the language-related experiences of the employees in a multinational company. Adopting a sociolinguistic approach, this study seeks to explore the implications of working in a foreign language through the perceptions of a sample of employees at a multinational IT company based in Luxembourg and using English as a lingua franca. The qualitative content analysis of the data obtained in the course of 6 semi-structured interviews provides insights into the ways the employees construct and negotiate their daily linguistic reality. The study examines their attitudes to working in a foreign language (English as a lingua franca or other language) and outlines the perceived benefits, challenges and coping strategies. Special attention is paid to discourses linking language to power and professionalism. The adaptation to professional functioning in a foreign language is presented as a continuum, tracing the journey from overcoming initial challenges to achieving ‘linguistic well-being’. -
Switzerland 4Th Periodical Report
Strasbourg, 15 December 2009 MIN-LANG/PR (2010) 1 EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES Fourth Periodical Report presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in accordance with Article 15 of the Charter SWITZERLAND Periodical report relating to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages Fourth report by Switzerland 4 December 2009 SUMMARY OF THE REPORT Switzerland ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (Charter) in 1997. The Charter came into force on 1 April 1998. Article 15 of the Charter requires states to present a report to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe on the policy and measures adopted by them to implement its provisions. Switzerland‘s first report was submitted to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in September 1999. Since then, Switzerland has submitted reports at three-yearly intervals (December 2002 and May 2006) on developments in the implementation of the Charter, with explanations relating to changes in the language situation in the country, new legal instruments and implementation of the recommendations of the Committee of Ministers and the Council of Europe committee of experts. This document is the fourth periodical report by Switzerland. The report is divided into a preliminary section and three main parts. The preliminary section presents the historical, economic, legal, political and demographic context as it affects the language situation in Switzerland. The main changes since the third report include the enactment of the federal law on national languages and understanding between linguistic communities (Languages Law) (FF 2007 6557) and the new model for teaching the national languages at school (—HarmoS“ intercantonal agreement). -
U.S.-Japan-China Relations Trilateral Cooperation in the 21St Century
U.S.-Japan-China Relations Trilateral Cooperation in the 21st Century Conference Report By Brad Glosserman Issues & Insights Vol. 5 – No. 10 Honolulu, Hawaii September 2005 Pacific Forum CSIS Based in Honolulu, the Pacific Forum CSIS (www.csis.org/pacfor/) operates as the autonomous Asia-Pacific arm of the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, DC. The Forum’s programs encompass current and emerging political, security, economic, business, and oceans policy issues through analysis and dialogue undertaken with the region’s leaders in the academic, government, and corporate areas. Founded in 1975, it collaborates with a broad network of research institutes from around the Pacific Rim, drawing on Asian perspectives and disseminating project findings and recommendations to opinion leaders, governments, and members of the public throughout the region. Table of Contents Page Acknowledgements iv Executive Summary v Report The year in review 1 Energy security and the impact on trilateral cooperation 4 Issues in the bilateral relationship 6 Opportunities for cooperation 9 Selected Papers United States, Japan, and China Relations: Trilateral Cooperation in the 21st Century by Yoshihide Soeya 15 Chinese Perspectives on Global and Regional Security Issues by Gao Zugui 23 Sino-U.S. Relations: Healthy Competition or Strategic Rivalry? by Bonnie S. Glaser 27 Sino-U.S. Relations: Four Immediate Challenges by Niu Xinchun 35 Sino-Japanese Relations 60 Years after the War: a Japanese View by Akio Takahara 39 Building Sino-Japanese Relations Oriented toward the 21st Century by Ma Junwei 47 Comments on Sino-Japanese Relations by Ezra F. Vogel 51 The U.S.-Japan Relationship: a Japanese View by Koji Murata 55 Toward Closer Sino-U.S.-Japan Relations: Steps Needed by Liu Bo 59 The China-Japan-U.S. -
Working Group on the Legal Development of the Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks
MM/LD/WG/18/5 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH DATE: AUGUST 13, 2020 Working Group on the Legal Development of the Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks Eighteenth Session Geneva, October 12 to 16, 2020 STUDY OF THE COST IMPLICATIONS AND TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY OF THE GRADUAL INTRODUCTION OF THE ARABIC, CHINESE AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES INTO THE MADRID SYSTEM Document prepared by the International Bureau I. INTRODUCTION 1. At its seventeenth session, held in Geneva from July 22 to 26, 2019, the Working Group on the Legal Development of the Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks (hereinafter referred to as “the Working Group” and “the Madrid System”) discussed document MM/LD/WG/17/7 Rev. describing possible options for the introduction of new languages into the Madrid System, in particular, Chinese and Russian. The Working Group also discussed document MM/LD/WG/17/10 with a proposal by the Delegations of Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Morocco, Oman, Sudan, the Syrian Arab Republic and Tunisia on the introduction of Arabic into the Madrid System. 2. The Working Group requested that the International Bureau prepare, for discussion at its eighteenth session, a comprehensive study of the cost implications and technical feasibility (including an assessment of the currently available WIPO tools) of the gradual introduction of the Arabic, Chinese and Russian languages into the Madrid System. 3. As requested by the Working Group, this document discusses the cost implications and technical feasibility of gradually introducing the above-mentioned languages and provides an assessment of the availability of the Madrid System tools in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Spanish and Russian. -
Language Management in the People's Republic of China
LANGUAGE AND PUBLIC POLICY Language management in the People’s Republic of China Bernard Spolsky Bar-Ilan University Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, language management has been a central activity of the party and government, interrupted during the years of the Cultural Revolution. It has focused on the spread of Putonghua as a national language, the simplification of the script, and the auxiliary use of Pinyin. Associated has been a policy of modernization and ter - minological development. There have been studies of bilingualism and topolects (regional vari - eties like Cantonese and Hokkien) and some recognition and varied implementation of the needs of non -Han minority languages and dialects, including script development and modernization. As - serting the status of Chinese in a globalizing world, a major campaign of language diffusion has led to the establishment of Confucius Institutes all over the world. Within China, there have been significant efforts in foreign language education, at first stressing Russian but now covering a wide range of languages, though with a growing emphasis on English. Despite the size of the country, the complexity of its language situations, and the tension between competing goals, there has been progress with these language -management tasks. At the same time, nonlinguistic forces have shown even more substantial results. Computers are adding to the challenge of maintaining even the simplified character writing system. As even more striking evidence of the effect of poli - tics and demography on language policy, the enormous internal rural -to -urban rate of migration promises to have more influence on weakening regional and minority varieties than campaigns to spread Putonghua. -
French : the Most Practical Foreign Language
French : The Most Practical Foreign Language While any language will be useful for some jobs or for some regions, French is the only foreign language that can be useful throughout the world as well as in the United States. French as a foreign language is the second most frequently taught language in the world after English. The International Organization of Francophonie has 51 member states and governments. Of these, 28 countries have French as an official language. French is the only language other than English spoken on five continents. French and English are the only two global languages. When deciding on a foreign language for work or school, consider that French is the language that will give you the most choices later on in your studies or your career. French, along with English, is the official working language of ● the United Nations ● UNESCO ● NATO ● Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) ● the International Labor Bureau ● the International Olympic Committee ● the 31-member Council of Europe ● the European Community ● the Universal Postal Union ● the International Red Cross ● Union of International Associations (UIA) French is the dominant working language at ● the European Court of Justice ● the European Tribunal of First Instance ● the European Court of Auditors in Luxembourg. ● the Press Room at the European Commission in Brussels, Belgium One example of the importance of French can be seen in a recent listing of international jobs (8/29/06) distributed by the US State Department: 135 required or preferred French, 49 Spanish, 25 a UN language (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish), 6 Arabic, 6 Russian, 2 German, 2 Italian , and Chinese 2. -
Nouvelle-Calédonie
Cahiers du P ACIFIQUE S UD C ONTEMPORAIN Hors série n° 2 Sous la direction de Véronique Fillol et Pierre-Yves Le Meur Terrains océaniens : enjeux et méthodes Terrains océaniens : enjeux et méthodes Comité scientifique : Annemarie Dinvaut, Université d’Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse Adriano Favole, Université de Turin, Italie Véronique Fillol, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie Patrice Godin, anthropologue, Nouvelle-Calédonie Pierre-Yves Le Meur, IRD Claire Moyse, Inalco/CNRS Gilles Pestaña, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie Marie Salaün, Université de Nantes Jean-Michel Sourisseau, CIRAD Benoît Trépied, CNRS avec le concours de : Illustration de couverture : Peinture du Golfe, anonyme, fragment, collection René Zimmer mise en page Totem Infographie | Tél. : (687) 79 54 30 | [email protected] © L’Harmattan, 2014 5-7, rue de l’Ecole-Polytechnique, 75005 Paris http://www.librairieharmattan.com [email protected] - [email protected] ISBN : 978-2-343-04104-9 EAN : 9782343041049 Sous la direction de Véronique Fillol et Pierre-Yves Le Meur Terrains océaniens : enjeux et méthodes Actes du 24e Colloque CORAIL - 2012 Actes des colloques CORAIL Objets d’art et art de l’objet en Océanie, 2013. La Brousse : représentations, développement, recompositions, 2010. Pouvoir(s) et politique(s) en Océanie, 2007. Stéréotypes et Représentations en Océanie, 2005. L’enfant dans le Pacifique Sud : Regards sur l’enfant / Regards d’enfants, 2004. Les vivres et le vivre en Océanie, Nouméa, 2003. Approches autour de culture et nature dans le Pacifique Sud, 2002. Eros et Thanathos, 2001. Religion et sacré en Océanie, 2000. Écrire à la croisée des îles, des langues, 1999. -
Comprehensibility of Englishes Within Asean: a Synopsis of Results
COMPREHENSIBILITY OF ENGLISHES WITHIN ASEAN: A SYNOPSIS OF RESULTS Jeffrey Dawala Wilang and Adisa Teo* Department of Languages and Linguistics, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Prince of Songkla University *email: [email protected] Abstract The purpose of this study is to measure the comprehensibility of the Expanding Circle nations‟ citizens, namely Burmese, Cambodians, Indonesians, Laotians, Thais and Vietnamese towards the Outer Circle Englishes, namely Bruneian English, Malaysian English. Philippine English and Singaporean English. Ten universities in the Expanding Circle that participated in the study, namely Assumption University, Chiang Mai University, Khon Khaen University, King Mongkut University of Technology North Bangkok, Mahapanya Vidayalai University, Mahidol University, Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Campus, Rajamangala University Srivijaya Songkhla Campus, and Rajamangala University Srivijaya Trang Campus in Thailand, and University of Riau in Indonesia. Participants in the data collection process consist of two hundred and one subjects in undergraduate and graduate level. Eight comprehension tests and a questionnaire were used as main tools in the data collection process. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were used to analyze the results of the comprehension tests and to reveal the questionnaire‟s results. The following are the results of the study. (1) The Englishes spoken in the Outer Circle were moderately comprehensible to the citizens of the Expanding Circle nations. Based on the standardized comprehensibility scales and levels set in this study, the comprehensibility scores of Bruneian English, Malaysian English, Philippine English and Singaporean English are M=4.90, M=5.57, M=5.01, and M=4.76 respectively. All fell under the moderate comprehensibility level set at 3.34-6.67. -
In Kanak Languages Anne-Laure Dotte, Claire Moyse-Faurie
Toward a comparative typology of ‘eating’ in Kanak languages Anne-Laure Dotte, Claire Moyse-Faurie To cite this version: Anne-Laure Dotte, Claire Moyse-Faurie. Toward a comparative typology of ‘eating’ in Kanak lan- guages. Oceanic Linguistics, University of Hawai’i Press, 2021, 60 (1), 10.1353/ol.2021.0006. hal- 03094721v2 HAL Id: hal-03094721 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03094721v2 Submitted on 26 Jul 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. TOWARD A TYPOLOGY OF EATING IN KANAK LANGUAGES 1 Toward a Comparative Typology of ‘Eating’ in Kanak Languages Anne-Laure Dotte† and Claire Moyse-Faurie‡ †UNIVERSITÉ DE LA NOUVELLE-CALÉDONIE AND ‡LACITO-CNRS This paper aims to explore the diversity of expressions for food ingestion in some Oceanic languages, and intends to map out the convergences and divergences attested among these languages. Six main points are addressed: first, a brief historical and environmental survey will be presented; second, the parameters distinguishing ‘eat’ verbs among the Kanak languages will be compared with the differentiation made in other Oceanic languages. In the notional domain under discussion, each Kanak language has its own food noun categories, depending on physical, nutritive or symbolic (cultural) criteria, and distinguished on the basis of the verb they combine with. -
English As the Official Working Language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): Features and Strategies
English as the official working language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): Features and strategies Author Kirkpatrick, Andy Published 2008 Journal Title English Today DOI https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078408000175 Copyright Statement © 2008 Cambridge University Press. The attached file is reproduced here in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. Please refer to the journal's website for access to the definitive, published version. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/41911 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au English as the official working language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): Features and strategies ANDY KIRKPATRICK English as a lingua franca: a specific example Introduction: English in ASEAN gested the adoption of Malay as a second work- ing language. The suggestion was not even dis- The Bangkok Declaration of 8 August 1967 cussed. heralded the formation of the Association of The de facto adoption of English as the sole Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). While today working language of ASEAN is about to be for- all ten nations of Southeast Asia are members, malized. At the ASEAN Summit in November the number of founder member states was only 2007, the ASEAN Charter was introduced. Arti- five: Indonesia; Malaysia; the Philippines; Sin- cle 34 ‘Working Language of the ASEAN’ reads: gapore; and Thailand. Brunei joined in 1984, ‘The working language of ASEAN shall be Eng- Vietnam in 1995, Laos and Burma (Myanmar) lish’. This is the only mention of working or in 1997 and finally, Cambodia, in 1999. In official languages in the entire charter.