Astacus Leptodactylus) in the Aras Reservoir

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Astacus Leptodactylus) in the Aras Reservoir A study on the bacterial infections of freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) in the Aras reservoir Item Type monograph Authors Yahyazadeh, Mir Yousef; Soltani, M.; Sharif Rohani, M.; Afsharnasab, M.; Zorrieh Zahra, M.E.J.; Shiri, S.; Kakoolaki, S.; Alizadeh, Zh.; Shirvalilo, M.; Tukmachi, A.; Javidi, R. Publisher Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Download date 29/09/2021 00:25:57 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/39993 وزارت ﺟﻬﺎد ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﻳﺞﻛﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر – ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت آرﺗﻤﻴﺎي ﻛﺸﻮر ﻋﻨﻮان: ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺎه ﻣﻴﮕﻮي ﺳﺪ ارس ﻣﺠﺮي: ﻣﻴﺮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻳﺤﻴﻲ زاده ﺷﻤﺎره ﺛﺒﺖ 47478 وزارت ﺟﻬﺎد ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﻳﭻ ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر- ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت آرﺗﻤﻴﺎي ﻛﺸﻮر ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﺮوژه : ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺎه ﻣﻴﮕﻮي ﺳﺪ ارس ﺷﻤﺎره ﻣﺼﻮب ﭘﺮوژه : 91170 4-79-12- ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪه/ ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪﮔﺎن : ﻣﻴﺮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻳﺤﻴﻲ زاده ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻣﺠﺮي ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ( اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ و ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي ﻣﻠﻲ و ﻣﺸﺘﺮك دارد ) : ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻣﺠﺮي / ﻣﺠﺮﻳﺎن : ﻣﻴﺮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻳﺤﻴﻲ زاده ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻫﻤﻜﺎر(ان) : ﻣﻬﺪي ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻲ ، ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ روﺣﺎﻧﻲ ،ﺻﺎﺑﺮ ﺷﻴﺮي ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻓﺸﺎرﻧﺴﺐ ، ﺳﻴﺪﺟﻠﻴﻞ ذرﻳﻪ زﻫﺮا ، ژاﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﺰاده اوﺻﺎﻟﻮ ، ﺷﺎﭘﻮر ﻛﺎﻛﻮﻟﻜﻲ، اﻣﻴﺮ ﺗﻜﻤﻪ ﭼﻲ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺷﻴﺮ وﻟﻴﻠﻮ ، رﺿﺎ ﺟﺎوﻳﺪي ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻣﺸﺎور(ان) : - ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ(ان) : - ﻣﺤﻞ اﺟﺮا : اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺷﺮوع : 91/7/1 ﻣﺪت اﺟﺮا : 2 ﺳﺎل ﻧﺎﺷﺮ : ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر : ﺳﺎل1395 ﺣﻖ ﭼﺎپ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺆﻟﻒ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ اﺳﺖ . ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ، ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ ، ﺟﺪاول ، ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻫﺎ و ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ذﻛﺮ ﻣﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻼﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﺳﺖ . « ﺳﻮاﺑﻖ ﻃﺮح ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮوژه و ﻣﺠﺮي ﻣﺴﺌﻮل / ﻣﺠﺮي» ﭘﺮوژه : ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺎه ﻣﻴﮕﻮي ﺳﺪ ارس ﻛﺪ ﻣﺼﻮب : -91170 12- 79-4 79-4 ﺷﻤﺎره ﺛﺒﺖ (ﻓﺮوﺳﺖ) : 47478 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ : /14/5 94 ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺟﻨﺎب آﻗﺎي ﻣﻴﺮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻳﺤﻴﻲ زاده داراي ﻣﺪرك ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻠﻲ دﻛﺘﺮي در رﺷﺘﻪ داﻣﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭘﺮوژه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ داوران ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ و ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﻳﻬﺎي آﺑﺰﻳﺎن در ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ 3/3/ 94 ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ و رﺗﺒﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. در زﻣﺎن اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺮوژه، ﻣﺠﺮي در : ﺳﺘﺎد □ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه □ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ █ اﻳﺴﺘﮕ ﺎه □ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ در ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت آرﺗﻤﻴﺎي ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﺸﻐﻮل ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻨﻮان « ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺪرﺟﺎت » ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 1 1 -1 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 2 2 -1-1 ﻛﻠﻴﺎت ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 3 3 -1-1-1 ﺷﺎه ﻣﻴﮕﻮي آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺳﺪ ارس( Astacus leptodactylus ) ................................ ......... 4 4 -1-1-2 ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ A. leptodactylus ................................ ................................ ............................. 5 5 -1-1-3 ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ A. Leptodactylus در اﻳﺮان ................................ ................................ .......................... 9 9 -1-1-4 ﺑﺮﺧﻲ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺎه ﻣﻴﮕﻮي آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ( A. leptodactylus ) ................................ ................... 9 9 -1-1-5 ﻣﺮوري ﺑﺮ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺎه ﻣﻴﮕﻮ ................................ ................................ .............. 12 -2 ﻣﻮاد وروش ﻛﺎر ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 15 -3 ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 17 -4 ﺑﺤﺚ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 19 ﭘﻴ ﺸﻨﻬﺎدﻫﺎ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 22 ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 23 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 26 ر د ه .../ ١ ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﺷﺎه ﻣﻴﮕﻮي آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺪ ارس Astacus Leptodactylus از آﺑﺰﻳﺎن ﻣﻬﻢ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد.آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺮم ﻣﻨﻔﻲ وﮔﺮم ﻣﺜﺒﺖ در ﺷﺎه ﻣﻴﮕﻮ ﻫﺎي دراز آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ در ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎي ﭘﺮورﺷﻲ وﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺷﺎﻳﻊ و ﻣﺘﺪاول ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﻳﺰاي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ و ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ . اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ از ﻟﺤﺎظ آ ﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻛﺘ ﺮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮروي 70 ﻋﺪد ﺷﺎه ﻣﻴﮕﻮي دراز آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺪ ارس در اوزان ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﻃﻮل ﻳﻜﺴﺎل ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺸﺖ از ﻫﻤﻮﻟﻨﻒ ﺷﺎه ﻣﻴﮕﻮﻫﺎ درﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اﺳﭙﺘﻴﻚ در ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎي ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﺎﻳﻲ، ﺑﻼد آ ﮔﺎر ( Blood Agar) ، ﺗﺮﻳﭙﺘﻮن ﺳﻮﻳﺎ آ ﮔﺎر (TSA) ، ودر ﻣﻮاردي روي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ اﮔﺎرﺳﺎﻳﺘﻮ ﻓﺎﮔﺎ واﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺴﺘﻬﺎي ﺑ ﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ وﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﻲ وﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﮔﺮدﻳﺪﻧﺪ -1 آﺋﺮوﻣﻮﻧﺎس ﻫﻴﺪروﻓﻴﻼ( Aeromonas hydrophila ) ) -2 اﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻠﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮس اورﺋﻮس( ﻃﻼﻳﻲ)( Staphylococcus aureus ) ) -3 ﻣﻴﻜﺮ وﻛﻮﻛﻮس ﻟﻮﺗﺌﻮس( Micrococcus luteus ) ) -4 ﻓﻼوﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮم ﺟﻮﻧﺴﻮﻧﺎ( Flavobacterium johnsonae ) ) ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آ ﻣﺪه در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮ روي ﺷﺎه ﻣﻴﮕﻮي آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺪ ارس ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮد ﺗﻌﺪادﺷﺎه ﻣﻴﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي در ﻫﻤﻮﻟﻨﻒ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت وﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻴﻦ 20 اﻟﻲ /5 58 درﺻﺪ ﺷﺎه ﻣﻴﮕﻮﻫﺎ را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺒﻦ در ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺷﺎه ﻣﻴﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻛ ﺘﺮي و ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎي ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﻮﻳﮋه آ ﺋﺮوﻣﻮﻧﺎس ﻫﻴﺪرو ﻓﻴﻼ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻮد. واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي : ﺷﺎه ﻣﻴﮕﻮ ي آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ، Astacus leptoductylus ، آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﺎﻳﻲ، ﺳﺪ ارس ، آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ٢ / ارش ح 1-ﻣ ﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺷﺎه ﻣﻴﮕﻮي آ ب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺳﺪ ارس ﻫﻤﺎن ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮓ دراز آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﻋﻠﻤﻲ Astacus.Leptoductylus اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ وﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎي ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ، ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ از دو ﺟﻨﺒﻪ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﻳﻜﻲ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ارزش در آﺑﺰي ﭘﺮوري وﺗﺠﺎرت درﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﻮده و از اﻫﻤﻴﺖ وﻳﮋه اي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ . ﺳﺪﻣﺨﺰﻧﻲ ارس ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺻﻴﺪ وﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮓ دراز آب ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻦ در اﻳﺮان ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻬﻢ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻛﺸﻮر در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺷﻴﻼت وآﺑﺰﻳﺎن ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد . A.Leptoductylus از ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﺧﻮراﻛﻲ اﺳﺘ ﻮدر ﺑﺴﻴ ﺎري از ﻛﺸﻮر ﻫﺎي اروﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ در ﺳﺒﺪ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻏﺬاي ﻟﺬﻳﺬ و ﻟﻮﻛﺲ ﺟﺰ ﮔﺮاﻧﺘﺮﻳﻦ آﺑﺰﻳﺎن آﺑﻬﺎي ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻧﻴﺰاز ارزش ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮدار ﺑﻮده، ﺑﻄﻮرﻳﻜﻪ در دﻫﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﻠﺤﺎظ ارزش ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ و ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي روز اﻓﺰون ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ از ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮕﻬﺎ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ A. Leptoductylus در ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺟﻬﺎن ﺟﺰء ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي آﺑﺰي ﭘﺮوري ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ازآﻧﺠﺎﺋﻴﻜﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮕ ﻬﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﻲ آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ درﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﻨﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴ ﺮات زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ، ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ وﺑﻴﻤﺎرﻳﻬﺎي ﻫﻤﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻃﺎﻋﻮن ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻟﺬا در ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ وﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎي آﺑﺰي ﭘﺮوري، اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل وﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮي ازآﺳﻴﺒﻬﺎ و ﭼﺎﻟﺸﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي را ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺣﺎﺋﺰاﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ وآﺷﻨﺎﺋﻲ ودرك ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ازوﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ وآﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﻳﺰا در ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮕﻬﺎي آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ در زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻮﻳﮋه اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺟﻮان ﺑﻮدن ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ و ﭘﺮورش ﺷﺎه ﻣﻴﮕﻮ و ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻮدن اﻳﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص ، ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت اﻧﺪك وﻧﺎﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻮدن ﻋﻠﻞ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ از ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﻳﻬﺎ، ﻫﻤﻴﻨﻄﻮر اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﻳﺰاﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﭘﺎﺗﻮژﻧﻬﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ، آﮔﺎﻫﻲ واﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺎ از ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﻳﻬﺎي ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮓ درﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ آﺑﺰﻳﺎن ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﻳﻬﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﻲ وﻣﻴﮕﻮ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت زﻳﺎدي در دﻫﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ در ﺟﻬﺎن درزﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﻳﻬﺎي ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮓ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ،وﻟﻲ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ روي ﻃﺎﻋﻮن ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮓ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ. ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ،ﺗﻨﻮع و ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري زا و ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻃﻠﺐ در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ و ﭘﺮورﺷﻲ آﺑﺰﻳﺎن و اﺛﺮ ﮔﺬاري آﻧﻬﺎ در ﺑﻘﺎء ،ر ﺷﺪ ، ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد زﻧﺪه (اﻧﻮاع آﺑﺰﻳﺎن) و ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ، از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ و ﻣﺤﺪود ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﻴﺮوﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ رﻫﮕﺬر ﺷﺎه ﻣﻴﮕﻮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ آﺑﺰﻳﺎن در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ و ﭘﺮورش ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ اﻧﻮاع آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻫﺎ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﻫﺎ ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻪ و ﻋﻤﺪه ﻧﮕﺮ اﻧﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ را در ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ آﺑﺰي ﭘﺮوري ﺑﺪﻧﺒﺎل دارد. ﻟﺬا ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻫﺮﺷﺪ و ﺑﻘﺎ و ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ از اﺑﺰار ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ آﺑﺰي ﭘﺮوري ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ روي ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﭘﺎﺗﻮژن و ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻃﻠﺐ اﻧﻮاع ﺷﺎه ﻣﻴﮕﻮ در ﺟﻬﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ وروﺑﻪ رﺷﺪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ وﻟﻲ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ارزش در ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﺎ از ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ر د ه .../ ٣ راﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﻪ ﺿﺮورت واﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ارﮔﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻫﺎي آﺳﻴﺐ رﺳﺎن و ﺧﺴﺎرت زا اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﻳﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ( ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي) در ﺷﺎه ﻣﻴﮕﻮي درﻳﺎﭼﻪ ﺳﺪ ارس ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد وﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎري ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺟﻬﺎد ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺷﻴﻼت اﺳﺘﺎن آ ذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﻲ اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. -1-1 ﻛﻠﻴﺎت ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻲ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎن ﻣﺘﺤﺮك آب ﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎزﮔ ﺎري رﻓﺘﺎري و ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ زﻳﺎدي داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ داﻣﻨﻪ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ وﺳﻴﻊ و ﻣﺘﻨﻮع از زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ – ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺧﺎﻛﻲ – آب ﻫﺎي ﺷﻮر و ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ و اﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ درﺧﺪﻣﺖ زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي آﺑﻬﺎي ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺮﺣ ﻨﺪ ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻛﻤﻲ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﺪ زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺷﻜﻨﻨﺪه آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ را ﻣﻮرد ﺗ ﻬﺎﺟﻢ ﻗﺮار داده و آﺳﻴﺒﻬﺎي ﺟﺪي ﻧﻴﺰ وارد ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ( Holdich 2002a .) .) ﺳﺎﻛﻨﻴﻦ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ داراي ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ رﻳﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري آ ﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﺎن ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ،ﺑﻄﻮرﻳﻜﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﻛﻦ در ﭘﻨﺎﻫﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ (زﻳﺮ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ) داراي ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎراﭘﺎس ﻃﺎﻗﺪار ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪن ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ وﺳﻴﻊ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮاﻧﺶ و ﭼﻨﮕﺎل ﻗﻮي ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺮ ﻛﺮدن و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻻﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ در ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﻛﻦ در آب ﻫﺎ، داراي ﺷﻜﻢ ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎ و ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ از ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎت اﻛﺴﻴﮋن (ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻛﺴﻴﮋن در آب) و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺎر وﻏﺎرﻧﺸﻴﻦ( stygobitic ) داراي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺑﺎرز رﻳﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻏﺎرﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻘﺪان رﻧﮓ داﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ (ﺑﻲ رﻧﮓ)، ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ ، دراز ﺷﺪن antennae و اﻧﺪام ﻫﺎي ﺑﺪن ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ .( Crandall & Buhay 2008 ) ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ از 1200 ﺟﻨﺲ وﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ده ﻫﺰار ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺎء درﻳﺎﻳﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ 10% از آﻧﻬﺎ در آﺑﻬﺎي ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ و %1 در ﺧﺸﻜﻲ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ (Bowman&Abele 1982 ) و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎن آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﺮوه Reptantia ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ( Scholtz & Richter 1995 ) . ) ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮓ ﻫﺎي
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    Fakulta rybářství Jihočeská univerzita Fakulta rybářství Jihočeská univerzita University of South Bohemia University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice in České Budějovice 2017 Crayfish in changing biotic and abiotic conditions Raci v měnících se biotických a abiotických podmínkách Lukáš Veselý Crayfish in changing biotic and abiotic conditions and abiotic in changing biotic Crayfish ISBN 978-80-7514-057-9 Czech Republic, Vodňany, 2017 Lukáš Veselý Lukáš Chapter 1 Fakulta rybářství Jihočeská univerzita University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice Crayfish in changing biotic and abiotic conditions Raci v měnících se biotických a abiotických podmínkách Lukáš Veselý Czech Republic, Vodňany, 2017 Chapter 1 I, Lukáš Veselý, declare that I wrote the Ph.D. thesis myself using results of my own work or collaborative work of me and colleagues and with help of other publication resources which are properly cited. I hereby declare that, in accordance with the § 47b Act No. 111/1998 Coll., as amended, I agree with publicizing of my Ph.D thesis in full version electronically in a publicly accessible part of the STAG database operated by the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice on its web sites, with keeping my copyright to the submitted text of this Ph.D. thesis. I also agree so that the same electronic way, in accordance with above mentioned provision of the Act No. 111/1998 Coll., was used for publicizing reviews of supervisor and reviewers of the thesis as well as record about the progress and result of the thesis defence. I also agree with compering the text of my Ph.D.
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  • A Review of the Ever Increasing Threat to European Crayfish from Non
    Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems (2009) 394-395, 11 http://www.kmae-journal.org c ONEMA, 2010 DOI: 10.1051/kmae/2009025 A review of the ever increasing threat to European crayfish from non-indigenous crayfish species D.M. Holdich(1),J.D.Reynolds(2), C. Souty-Grosset(3), P.J. Sibley(4) Received October 27, 2009 / Reçu le 27 octobre 2009 Revised November 23, 2009 / Révisé le 23 novembre 2009 Accepted December 15, 2009 / Accepté le 15 décembre 2009 ABSTRACT Key-words: Non-indigenous crayfish species (NICS) in Europe now outnumber indige- Europe, nous crayfish species (ICS) 2:1, and it has been predicted that they may crayfish, dominate completely in the next few decades unless something is done indigenous, to protect them. Of the ten NICS introduced at least nine have become non-indigenous, established in areas occupied by four of the five ICS. A decline in stocks plague, of ICS has been recorded in many countries in the face of increasing pop- arks, ulations of NICS. Most European countries retain at least one ICS but all model are under threat from habitat loss, deteriorating water quality, overfishing, climate change, and most importantly from NICS and crayfish plague. The threat to ICS is so great in some countries that “ark” sanctuary sites are being established. The three most widely-spread NICS are the North American species: Paci- fastacus leniusculus, Orconectes limosus and Procambarus clarkii.These can be considered as “Old NICS”, which were introduced before 1975, compared with the “New NICS”, which were introduced after 1980, such as the North American species: Orconectes immunis, Orconectes juvenilis, Orconectes virilis, Procambarus sp.
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  • A Dictionary of Non-Scientific Names of Freshwater Crayfishes (Astacoidea and Parastacoidea), Including Other Words and Phrases Incorporating Crayfish Names
    £\ A Dictionary of Non-Scientific Names of Freshwater Crayfishes (Astacoidea and Parastacoidea), Including Other Words and Phrases Incorporating Crayfish Names V5 C.W. HART, JR. SWF- SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTHROPOLOGY • NUMBER 38 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Folklife Studies Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review.
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    AACL BIOFLUX Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation International Journal of the Bioflux Society The distribution of crayfish (Decapoda: Astacidae, Cambaridae) population in Cris and Mures rivers crossing the Romanian-Hungarian border Károly Györe, Vilmos Józsa, Dénes Gál Research Institute for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Irrigation, 5540 Szarvas, Hungary. Corresponding author: D. Gál, gald@haki.hu Abstract. The crayfish (Decapoda) fauna of the Mures/Maros, Crisul Repede/Sebes-Körös, Crisul Negru/Fekete-Körös and Crisul Alb/Fehér-Körös rivers was surveyed in 16 sampling areas in 2012. The crayfish assemblages of the sampling areas were sampled using LiNi traps, hand collection and electric fishing. A total of 56 individuals of 3 crayfish species, two indigenous (Astacus astacus, Astacus leptodactylus) and one exotic (Orconectes limosus), were registered in the four rivers. The individuals of the spiny-cheek crayfish were caught in the Körösladány section of the Sebes-Körös river, making this site the easternmost border of the current Hungarian range of the species. The extremely rapid colonization in the Tisza watershed questions the hypothesis that the species has spread to the Tisza from the Danube. It was probably introduced into the eastern part of the country accidentally during fish stocking events or intentionally, as a live bait. Key Words: crayfish fauna, distribution, Astacus astacus, Astacus leptodactylus, Orconectes limosus. Kivonat. 2012-ben 16 mintaterületen felmértük a Maros, Sebes-Körös, Fekete-Körös és a Fehér-Körös folyók Decapoda rákfaunáját. A mintaterületek rákegyütteseit LiNi típusú rákvarsákkal, kézi egyeléssel, elektromos halászattal mintáztuk. A négy folyón 3, két natív (Astacus astacus, Astacus leptodactylus) és egy idegenhonos (Orconectes limosus) rákfaj összesen 56 egyedét regisztráltuk.
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  • A Proposal for Accepting Pontastacus As a Genus Of
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