DOCSLIB.ORG

2011 Dongjiang Expedition Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2011 Dongjiang Expedition Report Liquid Assets IIIA： Dongjiang Overloaded - 2011 Dongjiang Expedition Report 21... 10 – 4 11 2011 Liu Su Yang Yong Lu Hongyi Deng Tiancheng Immanuel About Civic Exchange Civic Exchange is a Hong Kong-based non-profit public policy think tank that was established in October 2000. It is an independent organisation that has access to policy-makers, officials, businesses, media and NGOs – reaching across sectors and borders. Civic Exchange has solid research experience in areas such as air quality, energy, urban planning, climate change, conservation, water, governance, political development, equal opportunities, poverty and gender. For more information about Civic Exchange, visit http://www.civic-exchange.org. About the Authors Liu Su is the Greater China Manager and Policy Researcher of Civic-Exchange, a Hong Kong based independent and non-profit public policy think tank. Her work at Civic Exchange covers mainly water-related policy research and China-related project coordination. Liu was a former public opinion researcher (Deputy Managing Director of the Gallup Organization Hong Kong), and a communication strategist (Deputy Managing Director of Wirthlin Worldwide Asia). Graduated from the China University of Mining and Technology’s Department of Geology, Yang Yong is a senior engineer of environmental geology. He is also an independent geologist, a well-known professional explorer, the Founder and Chief Scientist of Hengduan Mountain Research Association, and the Deputy Director of China Foundation for Desertification Control. Yang has 25 years of expedition experience on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Hengduan Mountains, as well as river protection. Graduated from Harvard University, Lu Hongyi was a practising lawyer in the United States, and now a volunteer working in China to protect the environment. Deng Tiancheng graduated from the Hong Kong Chinese University, works with Yang as a volunteer. Immanuel is a China-based environmental protection volunteer. Preface and Acknowledgements The Pearl River Basin is nothing less than Hong Kong’s lifeblood. The river system gives us the water we need for our daily lives, to enable us to grow food and drive our industries. Indeed, the Pearl River system is the backbone for a large part of South China, but the people of this region too often forget rivers need our care, so that they can continue to perform a vital function. In particular, the Dongjiang supplies water to the eastern part of the Pearl River Delta, which includes a cluster of important cities that are intimately connected to Hong Kong in terms of geography, hydrology and industry. Civic Exchange’s work since 2008 has been to understand the complexity of those relationships so as to be able to recommend a path for better water management for the region as a whole. We accept that we have a responsibility to do more from Hong Kong because we have benefited so much from the Dongjiang and the rest of the Pearl River Basin. This report results from an expedition a Civic Exchange team took in late 2011 along the Dongjiang, and follows on from the earlier report on industrial relocation in Guangdong and its impact on the Dongjiang. We believe our work related to the Dongjiang is important because it provides new information and perspectives on our water source. We hope the work is of sufficient depth for scholars, experts and officials, and yet is also accessible to other stakeholders and the general public. We must thank our colleague Su Liu for her research work and for travelling along the Dongjiang with her team to gather the sort of information that is only visible by being present at critical points. Her team consisted of Mr. Yang Yong, the Founder and Chief Scientist of Hengduan Mountain Research Association, Mr. Adrian Lu, Mr. Deng Tiancheng, and Ms. Immanuel. The collective skills of the team made this trip fruitful. We must also thank Paule Herodote for editing, Yan-yan Yip for shepherding this project along its various stages, Michelle Wong for layout and design of the report and Adrian Lu for translating the report into English. Our water work would not have been possible without the financial support from the Noble Group, Chong Ren Foundation, and Mr. Paul Lee. We look forward to our continuing collaboration with our funders in water research, as well as water experts on the mainland and in Hong Kong, both in and outside government. Christine Loh Chief Executive Officer May 2012 Table of Contents 1. Background .................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Expedition goals 1.2 The objects of investigation and the expedition route 1.3 Investigative methods 2. A Profile of the Dongjiang ............................................................................ 4 2.1 Basic description of the Dongjiang Basin system 2.2 Dongjiang Basin's waterworks 2.3 Water resource allocation in the Dongjiang Basin 3. Dongjiang Basin Water Supply and Use ........................................................ 9 3.1 Water supply trends in Guangdong Province and Dongjiang Basin 3.2 Guangdong Province and Dongjiang Basin water use trends 3.3 Dongjiang five cities' water use forecast 4. Wastewater Discharge ................................................................................ 17 4.1 Guangdong Province data 4.2 Dongjiang five cities' wastewater discharge in recent years 5. Major Observations from the Expedition ................................................... 20 5.1 Urbanization and water stress 5.2 Industrialization and the water crisis 5.3 The effects of hydropower stations on river ecology 5.4 Development of mining operations damage water sequestration zones 5.5 Lacking basic sanitation services in rural villages 5.6 The neglected Dongjiang source region 6. Policy Recommendations ........................................................................... 31 6.1 For the HKSAR Government 6.2 For the Guangdong Provincial Government 6.3 Cooperate with Hong Kong and Jiangxi Appendix 1. Fieldtrip photos ............................................................................ 33 Endnotes .......................................................................................................... 38 1 Background 1.1 Expedition goals Dongjian's water has The Dongjiang directly supplies the industrial, domestic, and ecological become the "water of water used by the nearly 40 million people living in Heyuan, Huizhou, politics, life and Dongguan, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong. The five cities of economy" for the Guangdong Province situated in the Dongjiang River Basin (Dongjiang region Basin) are home to about 50% of the population of Guangdong Province and generates about 70% of Guangdong’s total GDP. To Hong Kong and the Dongjiang Basin, Dongjiang’s water has already become “water of politics”, “water of life”, and “water of the economy”;1 its importance to the economy and livelihoods of Hong Kong cannot be overstated. Recent challenges are In recent years, Guangdong Province has promoted policies for industrial industrial relocation relocation. These policies, currently being implemented, aim to disperse and rapid urbanization the concentration of factories in the Pearl River Delta to other regions of the province including the western and eastern “wings” and the northern mountainous region.2 These regions, besides being target areas for industrial relocation, are also undergoing a process of rapid urbanization.3 In order to gain a deeper understanding of the effects of industrialization and urbanization on the Dongjiang Basin, Civic Exchange organized an on-the-ground expedition to investigate water resources, utilization and conservation measures in the Dongjiang Basin. The Dongjiang expedition team,4 composed of relevant experts in the field, embarked on a 15-day investigative trip from 21 October 2011 to 4 November 2011. 1.2 The objects of investigation and the expedition route 1.2.1 Objects of investigation To investigate the The purpose of this expedition was to investigate the water resources, water resources, aquatic environment, and industrial development in the Dongjiang Basin, aquatic environment, Hong Kong’s primary source of water. The expedition’s activities included and industrial the observation and recording of the hydrology, geology and ecological development environment of the Dongjiang and its main tributaries, and to study the river basin’s urban-rural construction, industrial relocation, mining activity and agricultural development, as well as the Dongguan-Shenzhen Waterworks Project. 1 1.2.2 Expedition route The expedition The expedition embarked from the Shenzhen Reservoir and continued traveled over 3,000km upstream through the cities of Shenzhen, Dongguan, Huizhou and Heyuan through 5 cities, 16 in Guangdong Province and the city of Ganzhou in Jiangxi, a total of 5 cities counties and 2 and 16 counties in 2 provinces, before arriving at the eastern and western provinces in 15 days sources of the Dongjiang. The route then returned through Heyuan, to Dongguan and ended at Humen, where the Dongjiang runs into the Pearl River mouth and then joins the ocean. In 15 days, the expedition traveled over 3,000km (Figure 1). Figure 1: Dongjiang Expedition Route Map5 2 The expedition route traversed the following regions: Guangdong Province: Shenzhen City: Luohu District, Longgang District and Baoan District. Dongguan City: A total of 10 administrative municipalities, including Fenggang Town, Qiaotou Town, Zhangmutou Town, Tangxia Town, Chang’an Town,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Summary of Mass Lead Poisoning Incidents
    Summary of Mass Lead Poisoning Incidents Lead has been used for thousands of years in products including paints, gasoline, cosmetics, and even children’s toys, but lead battery production is by far the largest consumer of lead. Although chronic exposures to lead affect both children and adults, there have also been many reports of localized mass acute lead poisonings. Below we outline some of the largest lead poisoning incidents related to the manufacturing and recycling of lead batteries that have been reported since 1987. Shanghai, China 2011 Twenty-five children living in Kanghua New Village were found to have elevated blood lead levels. At least ten of these children were hospitalized for treatment. As a result, the Shanghai Environmental Protection Bureau shut down two factories for additional investigations that are reportedly located approximately 700 meters away from the village. One of the two factories was a lead battery manufacturing plant operated by the U.S. company, Johnson Controls. The other, Shanghai Xinmingyuan Automobile Accessory Co., made lead-containing wheel weights. Jiangsu Province, China 2011 One-third of the employees at Taiwanese-owned Changzhou Ri Cun Battery Technology Company in eastern Jiangsu province were found with elevated BLLs between 28- 48ug/dL. All employees of the lead battery plant were tested after a pregnant employee discovered through testing her BLL was twice the level of concern. Production at the factory was temporarily suspended. Yangxunqiao, Zhejiang Province, China 2011 More than 600 people (including 103 children) working in and living around a cluster of aluminum foil fabricating workshops were found with excessive blood lead levels (BLLs).
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Environmental Assessment : Final Report
    STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT : FINAL REPORT Hyder-Mott Connell Joint Venture This report is prepared by Hyder-Mott Connell Joint Venture for information and discussion purposes. The findings and recomme ndations do not necessarily represent the views of the HKSARG. Planning Department Agreement No. CE 25/2001 Hong Kong 2030: Planning Vision and Strategy – Strategic Environmental Assessment Final Report Author VARIOUS Checker GUI YI LI Approver ANNE KERR June 2007 This report has been prepared for the Planning Department of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in accordance with the terms and conditions of appointment for Agreement No. CE25/2001 Hong Kong 2030: Planning Vision and Strategy - Strategic Environmental Assessment dated October 2001. Hyder Consulting Limited and Mott Connell Limited cannot accept any responsibility for any use of or reliance on the contents of this report by any third party. Agreement No. CE 25/2001 Hong Kong 2030: Planning Vision and Strategy Strategic Environmental Assessment Final Report AGREEMENT NO. CE 25/2001 HONG KONG 2030: PLANNING VISION AND STRATEGY STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FINAL REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS PART A : ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Preamble 1 1.2 Study Background 2 1.3 Study Objectives 3 1.4 Scope of Work 4 1.5 Structure of the SEA Final Report 5 2 BASELINE CONDITIONS 6 2.1 General 6 2.2 Air Quality 6 2.3 Noise Conditions 8 2.4 Geology, Soils and Contaminated Land 9 2.5 Water Resources and Water Quality 11 2.6 Waste 13 2.7 Energy and
    [Show full text]
  • Wug 0814 A14.Indd
    PAGE 14 • AUGUST 14, 2011 CHINA DAILY AROUND SHENZHEN SHOPPING SPOTS nature and life. nic areas, which are the Heavenly Beauty Address: The north of the junction of North Area, Lakes Area, Temples Area, Desert Luohu Commercial City Loop Road of Nanshan district and Long- Plants Area, Petrifi ed Forest Area, and 罗湖商业城 zhu Avenue Pines and Rhododendrons Area. It has Transportation: Take buses 201, 25, 316, natural beauty, picturesque buildings Luohu Commercial City is an enclosed 334, 361, 41, 49, 58, 104, 235, 240, 325, 326 and the mysterious Kingdom of Plants. shopping mall located on the Shenzhen or 368 and get off at Taoyuan Village East Address: No 160 Xianhu Road, Liantang, side of the Shenzhen River, right outside Station. the entrance/exit to Luohu Immigra- Luohu district, Shenzhen. Shenzhen Xianhu Botanical Transportation: Take buses 220, 218, 65, tion Control Point. Th is shopping mall 382, 57, 311, K113, 113, 333, 336, 111 or 27. is very popular with tourists. It’s right Garden on the border of Hong Kong and Shen- 仙湖植物园 Waterland Resort zhen. For sale here are a large variety of Shenzhen Xianhu Botanical Garden, 海上田园旅游区 cheap Chinese replicas of brand name located in the northeast of the city, is east watches, clothes, shoes, electronics and Th is is located on the Western Pearl of Shenzhen’s highest peak, Wutong- handbags. Luohu Commercial City River estuary and covers about 1.73 shan, and west of Shenzhen Reservoir. is adjacent to Shenzhen’s subway station. million square meters. It is part of a sub- With an area of 588 hectares, it was built Address: tropical coastal wetlands ecosystem and South of Shenzhen Railway Sta- in 1983 and offi cially opened to the has facilities for tourism, sightseeing, tion, Shenzhen public in 1988.
    [Show full text]
  • The Superfamily Calopterygoidea in South China: Taxonomy and Distribution. Progress Report for 2009 Surveys Zhang Haomiao* *PH D
    International Dragonfly Fund - Report 26 (2010): 1-36 1 The Superfamily Calopterygoidea in South China: taxonomy and distribution. Progress Report for 2009 surveys Zhang Haomiao* *PH D student at the Department of Entomology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Email: [email protected] Introduction Three families in the superfamily Calopterygoidea occur in China, viz. the Calo- pterygidae, Chlorocyphidae and Euphaeidae. They include numerous species that are distributed widely across South China, mainly in streams and upland running waters at moderate altitudes. To date, our knowledge of Chinese spe- cies has remained inadequate: the taxonomy of some genera is unresolved and no attempt has been made to map the distribution of the various species and genera. This project is therefore aimed at providing taxonomic (including on larval morphology), biological, and distributional information on the super- family in South China. In 2009, two series of surveys were conducted to Southwest China-Guizhou and Yunnan Provinces. The two provinces are characterized by karst limestone arranged in steep hills and intermontane basins. The climate is warm and the weather is frequently cloudy and rainy all year. This area is usually regarded as one of biodiversity “hotspot” in China (Xu & Wilkes, 2004). Many interesting species are recorded, the checklist and photos of these sur- veys are reported here. And the progress of the research on the superfamily Calopterygoidea is appended. Methods Odonata were recorded by the specimens collected and identified from pho- tographs. The working team includes only four people, the surveys to South- west China were completed by the author and the photographer, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Domestic Animal Genetic Resources in China
    Country Report for the Preparation of the First Report on the State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources Report on Domestic Animal Genetic Resources in China June 2003 Beijing CONTENTS Executive Summary Biological diversity is the basis for the existence and development of human society and has aroused the increasing great attention of international society. In June 1992, more than 150 countries including China had jointly signed the "Pact of Biological Diversity". Domestic animal genetic resources are an important component of biological diversity, precious resources formed through long-term evolution, and also the closest and most direct part of relation with human beings. Therefore, in order to realize a sustainable, stable and high-efficient animal production, it is of great significance to meet even higher demand for animal and poultry product varieties and quality by human society, strengthen conservation, and effective, rational and sustainable utilization of animal and poultry genetic resources. The "Report on Domestic Animal Genetic Resources in China" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") was compiled in accordance with the requirements of the "World Status of Animal Genetic Resource " compiled by the FAO. The Ministry of Agriculture" (MOA) has attached great importance to the compilation of the Report, organized nearly 20 experts from administrative, technical extension, research institutes and universities to participate in the compilation team. In 1999, the first meeting of the compilation staff members had been held in the National Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Service, discussed on the compilation outline and division of labor in the Report compilation, and smoothly fulfilled the tasks to each of the compilers.
    [Show full text]
  • Revised Draft Experiences with Inter Basin Water
    REVISED DRAFT EXPERIENCES WITH INTER BASIN WATER TRANSFERS FOR IRRIGATION, DRAINAGE AND FLOOD MANAGEMENT ICID TASK FORCE ON INTER BASIN WATER TRANSFERS Edited by Jancy Vijayan and Bart Schultz August 2007 International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) 48 Nyaya Marg, Chanakyapuri New Delhi 110 021 INDIA Tel: (91-11) 26116837; 26115679; 24679532; Fax: (91-11) 26115962 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.icid.org 1 Foreword FOREWORD Inter Basin Water Transfers (IBWT) are in operation at a quite substantial scale, especially in several developed and emerging countries. In these countries and to a certain extent in some least developed countries there is a substantial interest to develop new IBWTs. IBWTs are being applied or developed not only for irrigated agriculture and hydropower, but also for municipal and industrial water supply, flood management, flow augmentation (increasing flow within a certain river reach or canal for a certain purpose), and in a few cases for navigation, mining, recreation, drainage, wildlife, pollution control, log transport, or estuary improvement. Debates on the pros and cons of such transfers are on going at National and International level. New ideas and concepts on the viabilities and constraints of IBWTs are being presented and deliberated in various fora. In light of this the Central Office of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) has attempted a compilation covering the existing and proposed IBWT schemes all over the world, to the extent of data availability. The first version of the compilation was presented on the occasion of the 54th International Executive Council Meeting of ICID in Montpellier, France, 14 - 19 September 2003.
    [Show full text]
  • Shop Direct Factory List Dec 18
    Factory Factory Address Country Sector FTE No. workers % Male % Female ESSENTIAL CLOTHING LTD Akulichala, Sakashhor, Maddha Para, Kaliakor, Gazipur, Bangladesh BANGLADESH Garments 669 55% 45% NANTONG AIKE GARMENTS COMPANY LTD Group 14, Huanchi Village, Jiangan Town, Rugao City, Jaingsu Province, China CHINA Garments 159 22% 78% DEEKAY KNITWEARS LTD SF No. 229, Karaipudhur, Arulpuram, Palladam Road, Tirupur, 641605, Tamil Nadu, India INDIA Garments 129 57% 43% HD4U No. 8, Yijiang Road, Lianhang Economic Development Zone, Haining CHINA Home Textiles 98 45% 55% AIRSPRUNG BEDS LTD Canal Road, Canal Road Industrial Estate, Trowbridge, Wiltshire, BA14 8RQ, United Kingdom UK Furniture 398 83% 17% ASIAN LEATHERS LIMITED Asian House, E. M. Bypass, Kasba, Kolkata, 700017, India INDIA Accessories 978 77% 23% AMAN KNITTINGS LIMITED Nazimnagar, Hemayetpur, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh BANGLADESH Garments 1708 60% 30% V K FASHION LTD formerly STYLEWISE LTD Unit 5, 99 Bridge Road, Leicester, LE5 3LD, United Kingdom UK Garments 51 43% 57% AMAN GRAPHIC & DESIGN LTD. Najim Nagar, Hemayetpur, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh BANGLADESH Garments 3260 40% 60% WENZHOU SUNRISE INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. Floor 2, 1 Building Qiangqiang Group, Shanghui Industrial Zone, Louqiao Street, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China CHINA Accessories 716 58% 42% AMAZING EXPORTS CORPORATION - UNIT I Sf No. 105, Valayankadu, P. Vadugapal Ayam Post, Dharapuram Road, Palladam, 541664, India INDIA Garments 490 53% 47% ANDRA JEWELS LTD 7 Clive Avenue, Hastings, East Sussex, TN35 5LD, United Kingdom UK Accessories 68 CAVENDISH UPHOLSTERY LIMITED Mayfield Mill, Briercliffe Road, Chorley Lancashire PR6 0DA, United Kingdom UK Furniture 33 66% 34% FUZHOU BEST ART & CRAFTS CO., LTD No. 3 Building, Lifu Plastic, Nanshanyang Industrial Zone, Baisha Town, Minhou, Fuzhou, China CHINA Homewares 44 41% 59% HUAHONG HOLDING GROUP No.
    [Show full text]
  • The Survey on the Distribution of MC Fei and Xiao Initial Groups in Chinese Dialects
    IALP 2020, Kuala Lumpur, Dec 4-6, 2020 The Survey on the Distribution of MC Fei and Xiao Initial Groups in Chinese Dialects Yan Li Xiaochuan Song School of Foreign Languages, School of Foreign Languages, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Normal University Xi’an, China /Henan Agricultural University e-mail: [email protected] Xi’an/Zhengzhou, China e-mail:[email protected] Abstract — MC Fei 非 and Xiao 晓 initial group discussed in this paper includes Fei 非, Fu groups are always mixed together in the southern 敷 and Feng 奉 initials, but does not include Wei part of China. It can be divided into four sections 微, while MC Xiao 晓 initial group includes according to the distribution: the northern area, the Xiao 晓 and Xia 匣 initials. The third and fourth southwestern area, the southern area, the class of Xiao 晓 initial group have almost southeastern area. The mixing is very simple in the palatalized as [ɕ] which doesn’t mix with Fei northern area, while in Sichuan it is the most initial group. This paper mainly discusses the first extensive and complex. The southern area only and the second class of Xiao and Xia initials. The includes Hunan and Guangxi where ethnic mixing of Fei and Xiao initials is a relatively minorities gather, and the mixing is very recent phonetic change, which has no direct complicated. Ancient languages are preserved in the inheritance with the phonological system of southeastern area where there are still bilabial Qieyun. The mixing mainly occurs in the southern sounds and initial consonant [h], but the mixing is part of the mainland of China.
    [Show full text]
  • G/SCM/N/343/CHN 19 July 2019 (19-4822) Page
    G/SCM/N/343/CHN 19 July 2019 (19-4822) Page: 1/249 Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Original: English SUBSIDIES NEW AND FULL NOTIFICATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE XVI:1 OF THE GATT 1994 AND ARTICLE 25 OF THE AGREEMENT ON SUBSIDIES AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES CHINA The following communication, dated 30 June 2019, is being circulated at the request of the delegation of China. _______________ The following notification constitutes China's new and full notification of information on programmes granted or maintained at the central and sub-central government level during the period from 2017 to 2018. The information provided in this notification serves the purpose of transparency. Pursuant to Article 25.7 of the SCM Agreement, this notification does not prejudge the legal status of the notified programmes under GATT 1994 and the SCM Agreement, the effects under the SCM Agreement or the nature of the programmes themselves. China has included certain programmes in this notification which arguably are not (or are not always) subsidies or specific subsidies subject to the notification obligation within the meaning of the SCM Agreement. G/SCM/N/343/CHN - 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS SUBSIDIES AT THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT LEVEL .......................................................... 6 1 PREFERENTIAL TAX POLICIES FOR CHINESE-FOREIGN EQUITY JOINT VENTURES ENGAGED IN PORT AND DOCK CONSTRUCTION ............................................................... 6 2 PREFERENTIAL TAX POLICIES FOR ENTERPRISES WITH FOREIGN INVESTMENT ESTABLISHED IN SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES (EXCLUDING SHANGHAI PUDONG AREA) . 7 3 PREFERENTIAL TAX POLICIES FOR ENTERPRISES WITH FOREIGN INVESTMENT ESTABLISHED IN PUDONG AREA OF SHANGHAI ............................................................... 8 4 PREFERENTIAL TAX POLICIES IN THE WESTERN REGIONS ......................................... 9 5 PREFERENTIAL TAX POLICIES FOR HIGH OR NEW TECHNOLOGY ENTERPRISES ......
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of the Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Mainland China
    Zhang et al.: Imported Fire Ants in Mainland China 723 AN OVERVIEW OF THE RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) IN MAINLAND CHINA RUNZHI ZHANG1,2, YINGCHAO LI1, NING LIU1 AND SANFORD D. PORTER3 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2E-mail: [email protected] 3USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608 ABSTRACT The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren is a serious invasive insect that is native to South America. Its presence was officially announced in mainland China in Jan 2005. To date, it has been identified in 4 provinces in mainland China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Fujian) in a total of 31 municipal districts. The total area reported to be infested by S. invicta in late 2006 was about 7,120 ha, mainly in Guangdong Province (6,332 ha). Most of the re- ported human stings are in the heavily infested area around Wuchuan City. The most com- monly reported reactions have been abnormal redness of the skin, sterile pustules, hives, pain, and/or fever. It has been predicted that most of mainland China is viable habitat for red imported fire ants, including 25 of 31 provinces. The probable northern limit of expan- sion reaches Shandong, Tianjing, south Henan, and Shanxi provinces. Traditional and new insecticides including the bait N-butyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide and the contact insecti- cide Yichaoqing have been developed and used to control S. invicta. The Ministry of Agricul- ture and the Chinese government have established an 8-year eradication program (2006 to 2013) for S.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplemental Material S1 Table: Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
    Supplemental Material S1 Table: study inclusion and exclusion criteria Study inclusion and exclusion criteria Inclusion Criteria: ages eligible for Study: 18 years or older genders eligible for Study: Both AICH confirmed by craniocerebral CT scan within 6 hours after the onset of symptom GCS≥6 sign the informed consent form Exclusion Criteria: secondary intracerebral hemorrhage resulting from trauma, brain tumor, blood diseases, arteriovenous malformation or aneurysm, etc; patients with severe heart, liver or kidney disease. Intolerance to herbal medicine, patients with allergies patients planning a surgical evacuation of hematoma with severe cerebral hernia at super-early stage patients with poor compliance TCM,Chinese Medicine. AICH, acute intracerebral hemorrhage.CT, computed tomography; GCS, Glasgow coma scale. S2 Table : Full list of Principle investigators and study centers Number of Centre Centre address, zip code Principle Investigator patients NO. randomized Zhangyong Xia, Rui Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 1 39 Zhang, Guangzeng Li Shandong Province, China, 252000 Guangsheng Chen, Boluo County People's Hospital, 2 Bochang Lin, Weiming Huizhou, Guangdong, China, 514610 32 Zhu Qianshan Zhao, Richao Jiangmen Wuyi Traditional Chinese Medicine 3 Chen, Yongtong He Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China, 9 529000 Jiexia Li, Xiaomei Huang, The hospital of Chinese Medicine of Conghua 4 27 Mengxin Huang City, Conghua, Guangdong, China, 5109000 Chaojun Chen, Jianfang Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated traditional 5 Hu, Peiqun
    [Show full text]
  • The Transition of Urban Growth in China
    The Transition of Urban Growth in China A Case study of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone by Mingzheng Gao Bachelor of Science in Architecture Harbin Institute of Architecture and Engineering Harbin, P. R. China July 1987 Submitted to the Department of Architecture in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Architecture Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology June 1995 (c)Mingzheng Gao 1995. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to M.I.T. permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of the author Mingzheng Gao' Department of Architecture May 10, 1995 Certified by Michael Dennis Professor of Architecture Thesis Supervisor Accepted by .ASS.IV6AGHUSETTS INSTITUTE Roy Strickland OF TECHNOLOGY Chairman, Department Committee on Graduate Students JUL 251995 LIBRARIES - The Transition of Urban Growth in China A Case study of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone by Mingzheng Gao Submitted to the Department of Architecture on May 12, 1995 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Architecture Studies ABSTRACT The Chinese government announced new economic reform policies in December of 1978. The announcement included an urban distribution policy that emphasized small cities and towns for rural urbanization as a means to achieve modernization in China. This distribution policy called for limited development in large metropolitan areas, selective development of only a few medium-sized cities, and more development in small cities and towns. Until now, the urbanization and development of small cities and towns have been the most dramatic changes; however, the issue is how a small city can grow in a proper way, fitting to its geographical, social and economical development requirements.
    [Show full text]