DOCSLIB.ORG

Agroforestry Systems Provide Firewood for Livelihood Improvement in Guatemala

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Agroforestry Systems Provide Firewood for Livelihood Improvement in Guatemala Bois et Forêts des Tropiques – ISSN : L-0006-579X Volume 340 – 2e trimestre – Avril 2019 – p. 91-102 AGROFORESTERIE ET BOIS DE FEU AU GUATEMALA / LE POINT SUR... 91 Agroforestry systems provide firewood for livelihood improvement in Guatemala Nicole SIBELET1, 2, 3 Karla E. POSADA3 Isabel A. GUTIÉRREZ-MONTES3 1 CIRAD UMR INNOVATION 34398 Montpellier France 2 INNOVATION Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA Montpellier SupAgro Montpellier France 3 CATIE 7170 Turrialba 30501 Turrialba Costa Rica Auteur correspondant / Corresponding author: Nicole SIBELET – [email protected] Photo 1. Children from the village of Canapará Abajo in Jocotán, showing the trees in their corn crop. Photo K. Posada. Doi : 10.19182/bft2019.340.a31692 – Droit d’auteur © 2019, Bois et Forêts des Tropiques © Cirad – Date de soumission : 4 octobre 2018 ; date d’acceptation : 11 janvier 2019 ; date de publication : 1er avril 2019. Citer l’article / To cite the article Sibelet N., Posada K. E., Gutiérrez-Montes I. A., 2019. Agroforestry systems Licence Creative Commons : provide firewood for livelihood improvement in Guatemala. Bois et Forêts Attribution - Pas de Modification 4.0 International. des Tropiques, 340: 91-102. Doi : https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2019.340. Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) a31692 Bois et Forêts des Tropiques – ISSN: L-0006-579X Volume 340 – 2nd quarter - April 2019 - p. 91-102 92 FOCUS ON... / AGROFORESTRY AND FIREWOOD IN GUATEMALA N. Sibelet, K. E. Posada, I. A. Gutiérrez-Montes RÉSUMÉ ABSTRACT RESUMEN Les systèmes agroforestiers fournissent Agroforestry systems provide firewood Sistemas agroforestales proporcionan du bois-énergie qui améliore les moyens for livelihood improvement in Guatemala leña que mejora los medios de vida en d’existence au Guatemala Guatemala Dans le contexte du changement clima- Given the context of climate change and Ante el contexto de cambio climático y tique et de la pauvreté, les populations poverty, rural populations are increas- pobreza, las poblaciones rurales enfren- rurales sont de plus en plus confrontées ingly faced with the challenges of appro- tan crecientes retos para gestionar ade- aux défis de la gestion adéquate des res- priate resource management, adequate cuadamente los recursos, producir ali- sources, de la production alimentaire et food production and improving their mentos y tener mejor calidad de vida. de l’amélioration de la qualité de vie. Le quality of life. Guatemala has to cope Guatemala debe enfrentar el cambio cli- Guatemala doit faire face au changement with climate change and poverty while mático y la pobreza teniendo en cuenta climatique et à la pauvreté tout en tenant taking its agricultural production into su producción agrícola. En este sentido, compte de sa production agricole. À cet account. In this regard, agroforestry sys- los sistemas agroforestales se han pre- égard, les systèmes agroforestiers ont été tems have been proposed as an alter- sentado como un método alternativo de proposés comme méthode alternative de native method of sustainable produc- producción sostenible. Este artículo pre- production durable. Cet article présente tion. This article presents a comparison senta una comparación entre los sistemas une comparaison entre les systèmes agri- between conventional cropping systems agrícolas convencionales y los sistemas coles conventionnels et les systèmes agro- and enriched agroforestry systems in agroforestales enriquecidos en Camotán forestiers enrichis de Camotán et Jocotán. Camotán and Jocotán. The results show y Jocotán. Los resultados muestran que el Les résultats montrent que le système that the enriched agroforestry system sistema agroforestal enriquecido aporta el agroforestier enrichi contribue à 65 % du contributed to 65% of the firewood 65 % de la leña contra 7 % en el sistema bois-énergie contre 7 % pour le système compared to 7% from the conventional convencional. Las familias que utilizan el conventionnel. Les familles utilisant le cropping system. Families using the sistema agrícola convencional extraen el système agricole conventionnel ont extrait conventional cropping system extracted 81 % de su leña del bosque, mientras que 81 % de leur bois-énergie de la forêt, alors 81% of their firewood from the forest, las familias que utilizan el sistema agrofo- que les familles utilisant le système agro- while families using the enriched agro- restal enriquecido extraen sólo el 32 %. La forestier enrichi n’en ont extrait que 32 %. forestry system extracted only 32%. The leña producida por el sistema agroforestal Le bois-énergie produit par le système firewood produced by the enriched agro- enriquecido proporcionó un beneficio adi- agroforestier enrichi offre un avantage forestry system provided an additional cional a las mujeres, niños y jóvenes, que supplémentaire aux femmes, aux enfants benefit to women, children and young son los encargados de transportar los bul- et aux jeunes, qui sont chargés de trans- people tasked with carrying the bundles, tos, ya que no tuvieron que recorrer largas porter les fagots, car ils n’ont pas à par- in that they no longer needed to travel distancias para abastecer al hogar. Las courir de longues distances pour approvi- long distances to supply the household. familias construyeron y adaptaron conoci- sionner le foyer. Les familles ont construit Families constructed and adapted empir- mientos empíricos sobre el manejo de los et adapté des connaissances empiriques ical knowledge on tree management into árboles en sus cultivos. El sistema agrofo- sur la gestion des arbres dans leurs sys- their cropping systems. The enriched restal enriquecido se presenta entonces tèmes de culture. Le système agrofores- agroforestry system is thus presented como una solución potencial para satisfa- tier enrichi est donc présenté comme as a potential solution for meeting the cer la demanda anual de leña. La seguri- une solution potentielle pour répondre à annual demand for firewood. Land tenure dad de la tenencia de la tierra influye en la demande annuelle de bois-énergie. La security influences rural families’ deci- la decisión de las familias rurales de inver- sécurité foncière influence la décision des sion to invest or innovate. Agroforestry tir o innovar. Los sistemas agroforestales familles rurales d’investir ou d’innover. systems play a key role in augmenting desempeñan un papel clave en aumentar Les systèmes agroforestiers jouent un rôle resources and improving quality of life. los recursos y mejorar la calidad de vida. clef dans l’augmentation des ressources et l’amélioration de la qualité de vie. Keywords: agroforestry, fuelwood, forest, Palabras clave: agroforestería, leña, livelihood, Maya Ch’orti’, Guatemala. bosque, medios de vida, Maya Ch’orti’, Mots-clés : agroforesterie, bois-énergie, Guatemala. forêt, moyens d’existence, Maya Ch’orti’, Guatemala. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques – ISSN : L-0006-579X Volume 340 – 2e trimestre – avril 2019 – p. 91-102 AGROFORESTERIE ET BOIS DE FEU AU GUATEMALA / LE POINT SUR... 93 Introduction For decades, numerous conventions, protocols and agreements have been established on a global level in order to stop the degradation of forests and natural resources. Against a backdrop of increasing demand for natural resources, agroforestry has been presented as an alternative method of sustainable production (Nair, 1993; Beer et al., 2003). Agroforestry systems incorpo- rate an optimal management of resources such as soil, crops, trees and vegetation. They contribute to the pro- vision of ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation and soil improvement (Sileshi et al., 2007; FAO, 2014). In the context of climate change and persistent poverty, rural populations are constantly faced with the challenges of adequate resource management, food pro- duction and raising the quality of life. In tropical regions such as Central America, the majority of the population depends on agriculture for their livelihood and this puts pressure on natural resources, especially forests. Like any countries, Guatemala is a country that must cope with climate change and poverty by relying on agri- culture. Guatemala ranks number 9 on the Global Climate Risk Index, which means it is a country highly impacted by extreme weather events (Kreft et al., 2014) With a total population of 16,673,000 inhabitants, 59% of the population lives in poverty and 49% lives in rural areas (United Nations, 2017). The 2016 estimated GDP (Gross domestic product) per capita is 7,900 USD, occupying the 133rd position worldwide (CIA, 2017). In an effort to fight poverty, government agencies have developed social programs and projects that incorporate annual crops (e.g. Zero Hunger and the Food Security Program, ProRural, My Family Produces, National Rural Extension System). However, a comparative analysis between con- ventional cropping systems and agroforestry systems is lacking. Agroforestry systems in Guatemala provide families and the environment with different ecosystem services, which include food for humans and animals, firewood, timber and fence posts. This reduces the pressure on forests and contributes to a better quality of life for fam- ilies. In this article we pursue a comparative analysis of conventional cropping systems and enriched agrofor- estry systems. The question guiding our research is: what role do agroforestry systems play in comparison with conventional cropping systems in terms of livelihood improvement? Photos 2. Subsistence agriculture on steep slopes in the dry regions of Guatemala using maize and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ZAP GUATEMALA END of YEAR REPORT JANUARY 1, 2018 – DECEMBER 31, 2018 Recommended Citation: Zika AIRS Project (ZAP)
    The Zika AIRS (ZAP) Project Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS 2) Task Order Six ZAP GUATEMALA END OF YEAR REPORT JANUARY 1, 2018 – DECEMBER 31, 2018 Recommended Citation: Zika AIRS Project (ZAP). February 2019. ZAP Guatemala End of Year Report 2018. Rockville, MD. Abt Associates Inc. Contract No.: GHN-I-00-09-00013-00 Task Order: AID-OAA-TO-14-00035 Submitted to: United States Agency for International Development Submitted: February 14, 2019 Abt Associates Inc. 1 6130 Executive Boulevard 1 Rockville, Maryland 20852 1 T. 301.347.5000 1 F. 301.913.9061 1 www.abtassociates.com ZAP GUATEMALA END OF YEAR REPORT JANUARY 1, 2018 – DECEMBER 31, 2018 The views expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. 3 CONTENTS Contents Acronyms ii 1. Executive Summary ...............................................................................................................1 2. Progress and Outcomes.........................................................................................................2 2.1 Community Mobilization, Social and Behavior Change Communication .................. 2 2.2 Vector Control .............................................................................................................. 3 2.2.1 Larviciding and Source Reduction...................................................................................................3 2.2.2 IRS………… ......................................................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Guatemala: Zacapa
    BetterNDPBA solutions. Guatemala Final Report: Authors Fewer disasters. Safer world. Guatemala: Zacapa Image: Google 1 National Disaster Preparedness Baseline Assessment – Department Profile NDPBA Guatemala Report: Department Profile Department: Zacapa Department Capital: Zacapa Area: 2,691 km2 Zacapa is in eastern Guatemala and borders Honduras to the southeast. Excluding the highlands, the majority of the department’s climate is semi- arid, often going two months without rain. Crops include tomatoes, cantaloupe, tobacco, and sugar cane. 244,881 55.9% 2.8% 84.9% Population Population in Illiterate Adult Access to (2017) Poverty Population Improved Water Municipality Population Zacapa 77,092 Gualán 42,130 La Unión 34,345 Teculután 19,376 Rio Hondo 18,768 Estanzuela 12,444 Usumatlán 12,248 Cabañas 11,635 Huité 10,660 San Diego 6,183 Multi-Hazard Risk Rank: Very Low (22 of 22) Lack of Resilience Rank: Very Low (20 of 22) RVA Component Scores Table 1. Department scores and ranks (compared across departments) for each index Multi-Hazard Multi-Hazard Risk Lack of Resilience Vulnerability Coping Capacity Exposure Very Low Very Low Very Low Very Low Very High Score Rank (of 22) Score Rank (of 22) Score Rank (of 22) Score Rank (of 22) Score Rank (of 22) 0.293 22 0.395 20 0.089 21 0.396 20 0.607 3 2 NDPBA Guatemala Report: Department Profile Multi-Hazard Exposure (MHE) Multi-Hazard Exposure1 Rank: 21 of 22 Departments (Score: 0.089) Table 2. Estimated ambient population2 exposed to each hazard 0% 100% 0 People 259,306 People 0% 18% 0 People 46,040 People 1% 1,648 People MHE The Dry Corridor Located in Guatemala’s “Dry Corridor,” Raw MHE Zacapa department experiences extreme Relative MHE dry seasons, often going months without rain.
    [Show full text]
  • Africa • Afrique America • Amérique Asia «Asie Africa «Afrique
    WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD, No. 7,1 4 FEBRUARY 1992 • RELEVE EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE HEBDOMADAIRE, N" 7 ,14 FEVRIER 1992 the west with 660 cases per 100 000 population in the week Hans l'ouest, avec 660 cas pour 100 000 habitants au cours de la ending 26 January has reported a decrease to 560 cases. All semaine qui s'est achevée le 26 janvier, a rapporté une diminution influenza viruses isolated this season have been influenza A à 560 cas. Tous les virus grippaux isolés cette saison ont été des and all those further studied have been identified as in­ virus A, et tous ceux qui ont été étudiés ultérieurement étaient des fluenza A(H3N2). Influenza B has been diagnosed by direct virus grippaux A(H3N2). La grippe B a été diagnostiquée par detection of the virus antigen in a few cases. détection directe de l'antigène du virus chez quelques cas. United Kingdom (7 February 1992).' Influenza activity Royaume-Uni (7 février 1992).1 L'activité grippale a continué à continued on a low level throughout January. However, out­ un bas niveau en janvier. Cependant, des flambées ont été rappor­ breaks were repotted among the elderly in residential tées Hans des résidences pour personnes âgées et dans plusieurs settings and in several schools during the second half of the écoles dînant la seconde quinzaine du mois. Les écoles fournissant month. Schools providing data an influenza reported an des données sur la grippe ont signalé un accroissement de 9,2 à 29,4 increase from 9.2 to 29.4 cases per 1000 children during cas pour 1 000 enfants en janvier — bien au-dessus du taux moyen January — well above the mean rate of 5.2 for the season de 5,2 cas observé au cours des saisons précédentes; Sur 267 isole­ in previous years.
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance of Territorial Groups in Central America
    The importance of territorial groups in Central America UNODC’s first global transnational organized crime threat These two types of groups are completely different in assessment (TOCTA) (The Globalization of Crime: A trans- character. Territorial groups are focused on controlling national organized crime threat assessment, published in territory and taxing activity within this domain. Trafficking 2010) spoke of two ways of looking at organized crime. The groups are hardly groups at all, but rather networks of first, and more common, is to focus on the groups involved. suppliers, transporters, and receivers, as would be encountered in any licit supply chain. In the region, they The global TOCTA found, however, that most transna- are often referred to as “transportistas”. Much of the violence tional organized crime is rather systemic, or market-based. in the region today is about the growing control of territorial As long as supply and demand exist, removing particular groups over transnational trafficking. This produces intermediaries is not sufficient to destroy the market. This conflicts between territorial groups and the transportistas, as is especially true in a globalized world. well as conflict between territorial groups. For example, hundreds of thousands of people are illegally smuggled into the United States each year, a flow far beyond Within these two broad headings, there are many distinct the capacity of any organized group to manage. Instead, variations. Some territorial groups focus almost exclusively thousands of smugglers ply the trade in an open market on preying on cocaine traffickers, and are known as with low barriers to entry. The same is true of the illegal tumbadores in the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Better Solutions. Fewer Disasters. Safer World
    BetterNDPBA solutions. Guatemala Final Report: Authors Fewer disasters. Safer world. Guatemala 1 National Disaster Preparedness Baseline Assessment - Final Report 2 NDPBA Guatemala Final Report: Authors Authors Erin Hughey, PhD Scott Kuykendall, MS Director of Disaster Services Disaster Management Specialist Pacific Disaster Center Pacific Disaster Center [email protected] [email protected] Joseph Green, PhD Paulo Fernandes, Jr. Epidemiologist and Health Risk Disaster Services Analyst Specialist Pacific Disaster Center Pacific Disaster Center [email protected] [email protected] Dan Morath, MS, GISP Rachel Leuck, MS Senior Disaster Risk Analyst Disaster Services Analyst Pacific Disaster Center Pacific Disaster Center [email protected] [email protected] Doug Mayne, MaOL, CEM® Cassie Stelow, MS Disaster Management Advisor Senior Disaster Services Analyst Pacific Disaster Center Pacific Disaster Center [email protected] [email protected] © 2018 Pacific Disaster Center Table 1. Record of Changes Date Description Version 1/2/2018 Technical edit of NDBPA Guatemala report Mark Shwartz 2/6/2018 Final Review V9 3 4 NDPBA Guatemala Final Report: Acknowledgements Acknowledgements A special mahalo to Guatemala’s Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres (CONRED) for providing coordination and insight throughout the National Disaster Preparedness Baseline Assessment (NDPBA) project. Additional thanks to the Secretaría de Planificación y Programación (SEGEPLAN) for their support in project coordination and data gathering. CONRED and its partners have
    [Show full text]
  • The Bees of the Genus Centris Fabricius, 1804
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: European Journal of Taxonomy Jahr/Year: 2020 Band/Volume: 0618 Autor(en)/Author(s): Vivallo Felipe Artikel/Article: The bees of the genus Centris Fabricius, 1804 described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Apidae) 1-47 European Journal of Taxonomy 618: 1–47 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.618 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2020 · Vivallo F. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FB1B58E6-7E40-4C16-9DFF-2EA5D43BC0B3 The bees of the genus Centris Fabricius, 1804 described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Felipe VIVALLO HYMN Laboratório de Hymenoptera, Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão 20940‒040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Email: [email protected] urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:AC109712-1474-4B5D-897B-1EE51459E792 Abstract. In this paper the primary types of Centris bees described by the British entomologist Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell deposited in the Natural History Museum (London) and the Oxford University Museum of Natural History (Oxford) in the United Kingdom, as well as in the United States National Museum (Washington), American Museum of Natural History (New York), the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University (Philadelphia), and in the California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco) in the United States were studied. To stabilize the application of the name C. lepeletieri (= C. haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius)), a lectotype is designated. The study of the primary types allow proposing the revalidation of C.
    [Show full text]
  • Vitazyme on Cantaloupe
    Vital Earth Resources 706 East Broadway, Gladewater, Texas 75647 (903) 845-2163 FAX: (903) 845-2262 22001122 CCrroopp RReessuullttss VViittaazzyymmee oonn CCaannttaalloouuppee Researchers : Robert Garcia and Cristhian Mazariegos, Foragro Development, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Alex Diaz and William Sosa, Heads of Plant Protection, Proingasa Classic, Guatemala Company : Proingasa Classic Location : Site 21, Section 8, Valves 26 to 29, km 132, Senegal, Rio Hondo, Zacapa Department, Guatemala Variety : Honey Dew HQ252 Soil type : silty clay Climate : temperature, 27 to 38°C; relative humidity, 63% Altitude : 230 meters above sea level Planting date : October 22, 2011 Experimental design : A cantaloupe field was selected for a trial to determine the effectiveness of Vitazyme to enhance the yield and quality of the crop. A treated area of 2 manzanas (1.4 ha) was compared to an adja - cent untreated area using three Vitazyme applications. 1. Control 2. Vitazyme Fertilization : unknown Vitazyme applications : (1) Roots of the seedlings were dipped into a drum containing a 1% Vitazyme solu - tion (1 liter in 100 liters of water) for one manzana (0.7 ha), to give 1.4 liters/ha; (2) foliar and soil spray of 1.4 liters/ha at 23 days after planting; (3) foliar and soil spray of 1.4 liters/ha at 43 days after planting (sprayer had 1,100 liter capacity, with purple Albuz nozzles applying 0.49 liter/minute). Growth results : Vitazyme treatments gave a greater leaf area and root mass than the control plots. Yield and quality results : Harvesting was completed December 18, 2011. Melon Brix Treatment Brix Change %% Fruit brix, % Control 10.60 — Vitazyme 12.16 +1.56 (15%) Increase in fruit Brix with Vitazyme: 1.56 points The increase in fruit soluble solids with Vitazyme was most excellent, 1.56 points, which would be very noticeable to the person eating the melons.
    [Show full text]
  • Infected Areas As at 11 March 1993 Zones Infectées Au 11 Mars 1993
    operational, providing immunization to all people aged over de vacciner toutes les personnes de plus de 6 mois. Au lundi 8 mars 6 months. By Monday, 8 March 1993, a total number of 1993, un total de 507 832 personnes avaient été vaccinées sur un 507 832 people had been immunized out of a projected total prévu de 600 000-700 000. Jusqu’ici, 900 000 doses de vaccin target of 600 000-700 000. So far, 900 000 doses of 17D antiamaril 17D et les aiguilles et seringues nécessaires ont été acqui­ yellow fever vaccine as well as an appropriate number of ses. needles and syringes have been procured. Additionally, an in-depth mosquito survey is ongoing En outre, une enquête approfondie sur les moustiques est en and m any Aedes afncanus, a known mosquito vector of cours et de nombreux Aedes qfricanus, moustiques vecteurs du virus yellow fever virus, have been captured; however, no de la fièvre jaune, ont été capturés; toutefois, on ria trouvé aucun Ae. aegypti have been found in association with human Ae. aegypti associé à des habitations humaines. Une enquête sur les dwellings. A concurrent primate survey revealed the pres­ primates menée concurremment a révélé la présence de singes verts ence of African grey monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops), a africains (Cercopithecus aethiops), hôtes amplificateurs potentiels du potential amplifying host of yellow fever virus in nature. virus amaril dans la nature. Editorial Note: The yellow fever vaccine may be given Note de la Rédaction: La vaçcmanon antiamarile peut être prati­ from 6 months of age and is highly effective against the quée à partir de l’âge de 6 mois et elle est très efficace contre la disease.
    [Show full text]
  • FIAN International's Submission on Children's Right to Food And
    FIAN International’s Submission on Children’s Right to Food and Nutrition to the Committee on the Rights of the Child Day of General Discussion: “Children’s Rights and the Environment” 23 September 2016 I. Introduction FIAN International welcomes the Committee on the Rights of the Child’s (“the Committee”) decision to devote its 2016 general discussion day to the issue of children’s rights and the environment and its call for civil society submissions to contribute to a better understanding of the relationships between the different actors and human rights at play. This contribution seeks to provide information about the topics of Working Group 1 – Children’s exposure to environmental toxicants and Working Group 2 – Children and the effects of environmental degradation by identifying the links between the environment, children’s human right to food and nutrition, and States Parties’ obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child (“the Convention”). The information contained in this submission is based, inter alia, on information obtained by FIAN over the last 30 years through exchanges with affected communities during the course of our work, especially during the process of documenting and analyzing cases of violations of the right to food and nutrition and related rights, elaborating case strategies, and conducting workshops and seminars at the national, regional, and international levels, in which affected communities, advocates, and academics from different regions of the world have participated. II. Our holistic understanding of the human right to food and nutrition We, at FIAN, understand the human right to food and nutrition as a comprehensive concept intrinsically linked to the full realization of children’s rights, and within the conceptual framework of food sovereignty.
    [Show full text]
  • FP145: RELIVE – Resilient Livelihoods of Vulnerable Smallholder Farmers in the Mayan Landscapes and the Dry Corridor of Guatemala
    FP145: RELIVE – REsilient LIVElihoods of vulnerable smallholder farmers in the Mayan landscapes and the Dry Corridor of Guatemala Guatemala | FAO | B.27/02 19 November 2020 FUNDING PROPOSAL TO THE GREEN CLIMATE FUND – RELIVE – REsilient LIVElihoods of vulnerable smallholder farmers in the Mayan landscapes and the Dry Corridor of Guatemala ANNEX 8 GENDER ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION FP V09 APR26 Republic of Guatemala April 2020 Table of Contents 1. Acronyms ................................................................................................................ 4 Part I: Gender Analysis and Evaluation ...................................................................... 5 2. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5 3. General information at country level .................................................................... 6 3.1 The state of affairs of rural women in Guatemala ......................................................... 6 3.2 Demographic data........................................................................................................ 6 3.3 Rurality and rural women ............................................................................................. 6 3.4 The context of the project’s intervention areas ............................................................. 7 3.4.1 Alta Verapaz Department ..................................................................................................... 7 3.4.2 Baja Verapaz Department
    [Show full text]
  • Vitazyme 2003 Field Trials
    22001122 FFiieelldd TTrriiaall RReessuullttss A SUMMARY OF EXPERIMENTS USING VITAZYME SOIL AND PLANT BIOSTIMULANT ON FIELD, ORCHARD, AND GREENHOUSE CROPS Compiled by Paul W. Syltie, Ph.D., Director of Research Vital Earth Resources, 706 East Broadway Gladewater, Texas 75647, U.S.A. (903)845-2163 www.vitalearth.com 22001122 VViittaazzyymmee FFiieelldd TTrriiaall RReessuullttss his edition of Vitazyme crop reports repre - solve essential minerals, and reduced iron thus increasing productivity. Follow this easy- Tsents the eighteenth year in which this bios - releases anionic elements. Organism types to-use five-point program. timulant has been used successfully across include mycorrhizae, cyanobacteria and various Vitazyme is best used in the context of many soil and climatic regimes in many other bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. a comprehensive soil fertility pro - nations. Vitazyme contains “metabolic triggers” that gram. For those unfamiliar with Vitazyme soil and stimulate the plant to photosynthesize more plant biostimulant and its recommended pro - efficiently, fixing more sunlight energy in the Test the soil, if possible, and discover any gram, please review the information given form of carbon compounds to increase the 1deficiencies or imbalances. Collect at least below to understand how the material works transfer of carbohydrates, proteins, and other 10 subsamples from each uniform soil area, within the plant-soil system. growth substances into the root zone. These combine them, and send them to a reputable soil testing laboratory. Fertilize as required active agents may enter the plant through either Improved Symbiosis: The Secret of Soil Organic Matter Previous Crop Compaction Soil NO 3-N Test Vitazyme’s Action Low(<1.5%) Medium(1.5-3%) High(>3%) Non-legume Legume Much Little Low Medium High ll plants that grow in soils 12313 1 3 2 4 6 Adevelop an intimate relation - Total additive score: 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 ship between the roots and the Apply this % of optimum N: 60 % 70% 80% organisms that populate the root zone.
    [Show full text]
  • –Relive-Guatemala
    RESILIENT LIVELIHOODS OF VULNERABLE SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN THE MAYAN LANDSCAPES AND THE DRY CORRIDOR OF GUATEMALA –RELIVE-GUATEMALA- DISCLOSURE DOCUMENT Annexes Page Annex 6: Environmental and Social Management Framework 2 Annex 7: Summary of Stakeholder Consultations and Participation Plan 152 Annex 8: Gender Analysis And Evaluation And Action Plan 184 May 22, 2020 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. RESILIENT LIVELIHOODS OF VULNERABLE SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN THE MAYAN LANDSCAPES AND THE DRY CORRIDOR OF GUATEMALA –RELIVE-GUATEMALA- 1 Annex 6: Environmental and Social Management Framework ___________________________________________ May 22, 2020 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2 PREFACE 1 This Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) will be applied to all activities financed by the Green Climate Fund (GCF) for technical and / or financial support of the project, "REsilient LIVElihoods of vulnerable smallholder farmers in the Mayan landscapes and the Dry Corridor of Guatemala” (RELIVE). 2 The Project Steering Committee (PSC), the Technical Committee Project Management Unit (PMU) (housed in the FAO Office in Guatemala), is responsible for the general coordination of project activities. The respective Territorial Operating Unit (TOU) is responsible for the daily implementation of the specific subcomponents and ensures compliance with the ESMF, as well as the safeguard of related documents, including maintaining the appropriate documentation on the Project file for possible revision
    [Show full text]