DOCSLIB.ORG

Smart Energy Regions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Smart Energy Regions SMART ENERGY REGIONS Editors: Phil Jones, Werner Lang, Jo Patterson and Philipp Geyer. SMART ENERGY REGIONS Editors: Phil Jones, Werner Lang, Jo Patterson and Philipp Geyer. This publication is supported by COST. ESF Provides the COST Office through an EC contract COST is supported by the EU RTD Framework Programme © COST Office, 2014 No permission to reproduce or utilise the contents of this book by any means is necessary, other than in the case of images, diagrams or other material from other copyright holders. In such cases, permission of the copyright holders is required. This book may be cited as: COST Action TU1104 – Smart Energy Regions Neither the COST Office nor any person acting on its behalf is responsible for the use which might be made of the information contained in this publication. The COST Office is not responsible for the external websites referred to in this publication. Published by: The Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, Bute Building, King Edward VII Avenue, CARDIFF, CF10 3NB, UK. Smart Energy Regions Publication date: May, 2014 ISBN - 978-1-899895-14-4 CONTENTS | 3 CONTENTS GLOSSARY I – IV INTRODUCTION V – XII ANALYTICAL OVERVIEW XIII – XXII PARTICIPANT COUNTRY CONTRIBUTIONS 1 – 280 AUSTRIA 1 – 12 BELGIUM 13 – 26 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 27 – 32 BULGARIA 33 – 44 CYPRUS 45 – 54 DENMARK 55 – 64 FINLAND 65 – 74 FYR MACEDONIA 75 – 84 GERMANY 85 – 94 GREECE 95 – 104 HUNGARY 105 – 112 IRELAND 113 – 124 ITALY 125 – 138 LATVIA 139 – 150 LITHUANIA 151 – 158 MALTA 159 – 168 THE NETHERLANDS 169 – 180 NORWAY 181 – 186 POLAND 187 – 198 PORTUGAL 199 – 212 ROMANIA 213 – 224 SERBIA 225 – 240 SLOVENIA 241 – 248 SPAIN 249 – 258 SWITZERLAND 259 – 266 UNITED KINGDOM 267 – 280 CONTACT DETAILS 281 – 284 COST DESCRIPTION 285 2 | SMART ENERGY REGIONS GLOSSARY | I GLOSSARY AMR Automated Meter Reading DECC Department for Environment AMT Metropolitan Transportation and Climate Change (UK) Authority of Porto DH District Heating B&H Bosnia and Herzegovina DHW Domestic Hot Water BAU Business-As-Usual DoECLG Department of Environment, BEC Better Energy Community Community and Local scheme (Ireland) Government (Ireland) BEEC Building Energy Efficiency EAC Electricity Authority of Cyprus Code (Portugal) EDORA Alternative and Renewable BER Building Energy Rating Energy Federation (Belgium) BPIE Buildings Performance EE Energy Efficiency Institute Europe EEA European Economic Area BRE Building Research EEAP Energy Efficiency Action Plan Establishment (UK) (Macedonia) BREEAM BRE Environmental EEI Energy Efficiency Assessment Model Improvement CCC Commission on Climate EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone Change (UK) ENEA National agency for new CCDR-n North Regional Coordination technologies, Energy and and Development sustainable economic Commission (Portugal) development (Italy) CCGT Combined-Cycle Gas Turbine EPB Energy Performance CDD Cooling Degree Days of Buildings CERA Cyprus Energy Regulatory EPBD Energy Performance Authority of Buildings Directive CH Central Heating EPC Energy Performance Certificate CHP Combined Heat and Power EPEE European fuel poverty and CKEA Carlow Kilkenny Energy Energy Efficiency project Agency (Ireland) EPS Electric Power Industry CLC CORINE Land Cover project (Serbia) COP Coefficient Of Performance ERAB European Research Area CSH Code for Sustainable Homes Board (UK) ERDF European Regional DACH Germany, Austria and Development Fund Switzerland (European ESC Economic and Social German-speaking countries) Cohesion DART Dublin Area Rapid Transport ESF European Structural Fund (Ireland) ETS Emissions Trading System DEAP Dwellings Energy Assessment Procedure (Ireland) EU European Union II | SMART ENERGY REGIONS EU 15 Austria, Belgium, Denmark, IRP International Rate of Profit Finland, France, Germany, ITMS Intelligent Traffic Management Greece, Ireland, Italy, System Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, JSC Joint-Stock Company United Kingdom KAPE National Energy Conservation EU25 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Agency (Poland) Cyprus, Czech Republic, KR Kurzeme Ring (Latvia) Denmark, Estonia, Finland, LA Local Authority (UK) France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, LCA Life-Cycle Analysis Lithuania, Luxembourg, LCC Life-Cycle Costing Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, LCRI Low Carbon Research Institute Romania, Slovakia, (UK) Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas EV Electric Vehicle LULUCF Land Use, Land use Change and Forestry FEC Final Energy Consumption NAP National Renewable Energy FENERCOM Energy Foundation of Madrid Action Plan (Cyprus) Community (Spain) NCSD National Commission on FFV Fuel Flexible Vehicle Sustainable Development (Malta) FIT Feed-In Tariff NDP National Development Plan fYRoM Former Yugoslavian Republic of (Latvia) Macedonia NEEAP National Energy Efficiency Action GDP Gross Domestic Product Plan GEF Global Environmental Facility NGO Non-Governmental Organisation GHG Greenhouse Gas NPV Net Present Value GMAP Great Metropolitan Area of Porto NREAP National Renewable Energy (Portugal) Action Plan GNP Gross National Product NSRF National Strategic Reference GPRS General Packet Radio Service Framework (Bulgaria) GSM Global System for Mobile NUTS Nomenclature of Territorial units communications for Statistics HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbons OJEU Official Journal of the European Union HFO Heavy Fuel Oil PAES-P Plan of Action for Sustainable HVAC Heating Ventilation and Air- Energy for the city of Porto Conditioning (Portugal) ICEDD Institute for Advice and Studies PALET Parkstad Limburg Energy on the Sustainable Development Transmission (Netherlands) ICT Information and Communication PH Passive House Technologies PIEAR Regional Environmental Energy INEGES National Inventory of Greenhouse Plan (Italy) Gas Emissions (Romania) PNAEE National Action Plan for IPURD Integrated Plan for Urban Renewable Energy Efficiency Regeneration and Development (Portugal) (Bulgaria) GLOSSARY | III PNAER National Action Plan for Units Renewable Energy Sources GW GigaWatt (Portugal) kgCO2eq Kilograms of CO2 equivalent PV Photovoltaic 2 kgCO2eq/ m y Kilograms of CO2 equivalent RDA Regional Development Agency per square metre per year (Romania) kgoe kilograms of equivalent oil RDB Regional Development Board ktons KiloTonnes (1000*1000 kg) (Romania) kW KiloWatt RE Renewable Energy kWh KiloWatt-hours RES Renewable Energy Sources kWh/m2y KiloWatt-hours per square RET Renewable Energy Technologies metre per year RPI Regional Pole of Innovation MJ MegaJoule RSL Registered Social Landlord (UK) Mtoe Millions of tonnes of SBEM Simplified Building Energy Model equivalent oil SEAI Sustainable Energy Authority MW MegaWatt of Ireland MWp MegaWatt peak (for SEAP Sustainable Energy Action Plan photovoltaic installations) SEE South East Europe PJ PetaJoule SME Small/Medium Enterprise TJ TeraJoule SWH Solar Water Heating toe Tonnes of equivalent oil SWOT Analysis of Strengths, tons Tonnes (1000 kg) analysis Weaknesses, Opportunities TW TeraWatt and Threats TEC Total Energy Consumption UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change USAID US Agency for International Development VAT Value Added Tax WB World Bank WDN Water Distribution Network WG Welsh Government (UK) ZEB Zero Energy Buildings ZELS Association of Local Self Government Units (Macedonia) IV | SMART ENERGY REGIONS INTRODUCTION | V INTRODUCTION AUTHOR In European politics, a region is the layer of government directly below the national level. Professor Phil Jones The term is especially used in relation to those Chair of Architectural Science regions, which have some historical claim The Welsh School of Architecture, to uniqueness or independence, or differ Cardiff University, Bute Building, significantly from the rest of the country. King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB The current historical trend in Europe is for the E: [email protected] devolution of power to the regions from central authorities. The European Sustainable Energy 1. INTRODUCTION Innovation Alliance has called for regions to play a crucial role in relation to Europe meeting The Smart Energy Regions (SmartER) COST its 2020 emission reduction targets. It believes Action TU1104 (COST, 2014) takes a regional regions will have to become the innovators and perspective on energy and the low carbon bring together actors of the knowledge triangle, agenda. It focuses on a systems approach, from innovation, research and education to including low carbon energy supply, energy create sustainable energy solutions. demand management and energy storage, and the associated distribution networks. It looks at For regional success it is vital to improve the links between technology and training, and to cooperation between science, industry and end user activities, covering the fields of politics, with research and innovation being ‘smart grids’ to ‘smart living’. key drivers of competitiveness, employment, sustainable growth and social progress. eseia As part of this COST Action members promotes the formation of clusters to bring have investigated how different policies together research and innovation, addressing are being implemented to progress the major challenges and fostering regional energy low carbon agenda and how industry and systems within the European Union. broader stakeholder groups are involved in the process. This publication is supported SmartER follows this approach and considers by COST. Cost and value are also important the combined roles of government, industry and factors that influence the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Etnikai Térstruktúra, Asszimiláció És Identitás a Történelmi Vas Megyében
    Szegedi Tudományegyetem Természettudományi és Informatikai Kar Földtudományok Doktori Iskola Gazdaság- és Társadalomföldrajz Tanszék ETNIKAI TÉRSTRUKTÚRA , ASSZIMILÁCIÓ ÉS IDENTITÁS A TÖRTÉNELMI VAS MEGYÉBEN PhD-értekezés Balizs Dániel Témavezet ő Dr. Bajmócy Péter egyetemi docens Szeged 2015 Tartalomjegyzék 1. Bevezetés ............................................................................................................................................ 2 1.1. Problémafelvetés ......................................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Célkit űzések ................................................................................................................................ 3 2. Szakirodalmi el őzmények ................................................................................................................. 5 2.1. Földrajzi és történeti munkák ...................................................................................................... 5 2.2. A kutatásban szerepl ő fontosabb fogalmak ................................................................................. 6 3. Adatbázis, módszerek ..................................................................................................................... 12 3.1. Az adatok forrásai ..................................................................................................................... 12 3.2. Az adatbázis felépítésével kapcsolatos problémák ..................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Act Cciii of 2011 on the Elections of Members Of
    Strasbourg, 15 March 2012 CDL-REF(2012)003 Opinion No. 662 / 2012 Engl. only EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION) ACT CCIII OF 2011 ON THE ELECTIONS OF MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT OF HUNGARY This document will not be distributed at the meeting. Please bring this copy. www.venice.coe.int CDL-REF(2012)003 - 2 - The Parliament - relying on Hungary’s legislative traditions based on popular representation; - guaranteeing that in Hungary the source of public power shall be the people, which shall pri- marily exercise its power through its elected representatives in elections which shall ensure the free expression of the will of voters; - ensuring the right of voters to universal and equal suffrage as well as to direct and secret bal- lot; - considering that political parties shall contribute to creating and expressing the will of the peo- ple; - recognising that the nationalities living in Hungary shall be constituent parts of the State and shall have the right ensured by the Fundamental Law to take part in the work of Parliament; - guaranteeing furthermore that Hungarian citizens living beyond the borders of Hungary shall be a part of the political community; in order to enforce the Fundamental Law, pursuant to Article XXIII, Subsections (1), (4) and (6), and to Article 2, Subsections (1) and (2) of the Fundamental Law, hereby passes the following Act on the substantive rules for the elections of Hungary’s Members of Parliament: 1. Interpretive provisions Section 1 For the purposes of this Act: Residence: the residence defined by the Act on the Registration of the Personal Data and Resi- dence of Citizens; in the case of citizens without residence, their current addresses.
    [Show full text]
  • Geothermal Development in Hungary Country Update Report 2000–2002
    GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT IN HUNGARY COUNTRY UPDATE REPORT 2000–2002 Miklós Árpási Hungarian Geothermal Association Lupény u. 3/B. H-1026, Budapest, Hungary ABSTRACT Information is provided on the status of the geothermal energy utilization – direct use – in Hungary with emphasis on developments between 2000–2002. Level of utilization of geothermal energy in the World has been increased in this period. Geothermal energy was the leading producer with 70% of the total electricity production of the renewables energy sources (wind. solar, geothermal and tidal) followed by wind energy with 28% of the electricity production. The current cost in USD¢/kWh of direct heat use from biomass is 1–5, geothermal 0,5–5 and solar heating 3–20. The parameters of direct use in Hungary were decreased in this period and the proportion of geothermal energy utilization in the energy balance of Hungary, despite the significance proven dynamic reserves (with reinjection) of 380 Mm3/a with heat content of 63,5 PJ/a at ∆T = 40 oC is remained very low (0,25%). The utilization of the geothermal energy only for direct use, despite of the possibility of production of geothermal fluids with surface temperature higher than 100oC, no electricity has been generated. Geothermal energy utilization for direct use is estimated to 324,5 MWt of geothermal capacity and to currently supply 2804 TJ/a of utilized heat energy through direct application in Hungary, by December 31, 2002. Geothermal heat pumps represent about 4,0 MWt of installed capacity. The quantity of produced thermal water for direct use in year 2002 was approximately 15.0 million cu.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternative and Sustainable Energy Scenarios for Hungary
    Summary Report | Wuppertal, June 2016 Alternative and Sustainable Energy Scenarios for Hungary for Greens / EFA Group – European Parliament Authors Wuppertal Institute: Prof. Dr. Stefan Lechtenböhmer Magdolna Prantner Clemens Schneider Authors Energiaklub: Orsolya Fülöp Fanni Sáfián With support from: Dr. Karin Arnold Benjamin Best Mathis Buddeke Frank Merten Willington Ortiz Ole Soukup Alternative and Sustainable Energy Scenarios for Hungary June 2016 Table of contents Table of contents 2 1 Introduction 3 2 Modelling of future energy systems 5 2.1 WISEE energy system simulation model 5 2.2 EnergyPLAN 7 3 Scenarios 8 3.1 Assumptions of the NUCLEAR scenario 8 3.2 Assumptions of the Green scenario 8 3.3 Assumptions of the INTER scenarios 9 4 Available technical RES potentials until 2050 10 4.1 Wind 11 4.2 Solar photovoltaic 11 4.3 Biomass 12 5 Comparison of the scenarios 13 5.1 Power generation 13 5.2 Energy efficiency 15 5.3 Renewable energy 16 5.3.1 Shares in TPES and electricity generation 17 5.3.2 Electricity export – import balance 18 5.4 Energy related CO2 emissions 21 5.5 Cost effects of the electricity production in various scenarios 22 5.6 Final energy demand 24 6 Policy recommendations 27 7 References 29 2 | Wuppertal Institut & Energiaklub Summary Report Error! Use the Home tab to apply Überschrift 1 to the text that you want to appear here. 1 Introduction On December 12th 2015, 195 nations reached the Paris Agreement at COP 21, aiming to combat climate change. A key element of the agreement is the long-term goal of limit- ing global warming to “well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels”.
    [Show full text]
  • Cejoc Spring 2018.Indd
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE Surpassing the era of disengaged acceptance: The future of public discourse on nuclear energy Gabor Sarlos RMIT UNIVERSITY, VIETNAM Gabor Sarlos, Mariann Fekete UNIVERSITY OF SZEGED, HUNGARY DOI: 10.19195/1899-5101.11.1(20).5 ABSTRACT: Both the United Kingdom and Hungary run ambitious nuclear power plans to keep nuclear power as an important element of their energy mixes. Th e objective of the analysis is to identify if there is the intent and the possibility for a diff erent form of public engagement in shaping the nuclear future. Th e study builds on the comparative analysis of the cases of Hungary and the United Kingdom. Th e ‘communication packages’ theory serves as reference of comparison. Th e study fi nds that changing social value sets and communication technology developments create challenges to governments in securing support for the nuclear agenda. Th is challenge creates an opportunity for members of the public with ‘reluctant acceptance’ of the nuclear agenda. Building on global uncertainty, challenges to the prevailing political and economic status quo, together with the grow- ing infl uence of social media might assist the public to become vocal in their opinions about nucle- ar energy. KEYWORDS: nuclear discourse, disengagement, social values, communication package. INTRODUCTION Th e current study aims to provide an insight and comparison into the public percep- tion of nuclear energy of the UK and of Hungary. It studies the relevance of the concept of ‘public sphere’ and of ‘communication packages’ in the context of current, European discourse. A critical analysis of relevant theories and of contemporary literature sets the context of the study.
    [Show full text]
  • Hungary - Regulatory Reform in Electricity 1999
    Hungary - Regulatory Reform in Electricity 1999 The Review is one of a series of country reports carried out under the OECD’s Regulatory Reform Programme, in response to the 1997 mandate by OECD Ministers. This report on regulatory reform in electricity in Hungary was principally prepared by Mr. Gudrun Lammers for the OECD. BACKGROUND REPORT ON REGULATORY REFORM IN THE ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY* *This report was principally prepared by Gudrun Lammers of the International Energy Agency. It has benefited from extensive comments provided by colleagues throughout the IEA and OECD Secretariats, by the Government of Hungary, and by Member countries as part of the peer review process. This report was peer reviewed in October 1999 by the Standing Group on Long Term Co-operation of the IEA. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Historical overview 1.2. Generation 1.3. Future investment needs 1.4. Transmission, interconnection and international trade 1.5. Distribution and supply 2. REGULATORY REFORM IN THE HUNGARIAN ELECTRICITY SUPPLY INDUSTRY 2.1. The current functional model of the Hungarian power industry: the IPP approach 2.2. The future functional model of the ESI: competition? 3. EVALUATION 3.1. Restructuring and privatisation 3.2. Regulation 3.3. Effects of regulatory reform to date 3.4. The introduction of competition 3.5. Comparative assessment of Hungary’s regulatory reforms Independent? 4. CONCLUSION 5. RECOMMENDATIONS NOTES Tables 1. The eight largest power generating companies in Hungary 2. Size distribution of generating units in Hungary 3. Capacity and load in the Hungarian electricity supply industry 4. Hungary’s regional distribution and supply companies 5a.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Final Programme
    "Safe Tunnelling for the City and for the Environment" FINAL PROGRAMME ITA–AITES WORLD TUNNEL CONGRESS 2009 and the 35th ITA–AITES General Assembly Budapest, Hungary May 23–28, 2009 WTC 2009 BUDAPEST Contents Message from the Minister of Transport, Telecommunication and Energy4 Message from the Lord Mayor of the Capital City Budapest 5 Message from the President of the Hungarian Tunnelling Association 6 Organising Associations and Sponsors 7 Committees 7 Partner Organisations 9 General Assembly9 Working Group Meetings 9 Congress Main Topics 12 Opening & Closing 12 Keynote Lectures 12 Programme at a Glance 14 Open Session 16 Technical Information for WTC2009 Speakers and Poster Presenters 16 Legend of the Congress Level 17 WTC 2009 – Detailed Programme of the Technical Sessions 18 Final List of Accepted Poster Presentations 28 Technical Exhibition and Sponsorship 35 List of Exhibitors 35 GENERAL INFORMATION 37 Date and Venue 37 WTC2009 Secretariat 37 ITA-AITES Secretariat Office 37 Conference Secretariat 37 Conference Assistance 37 Transportation 37 Foreign Exchange, Banking Facilities 37 Climate and Weather 38 Electricity38 Liabilityand Insurance 38 Official Language 38 Registration and Information Desk 38 Badges 38 On-site Registration 38 Programme Changes 39 Message 39 Internet Corner 39 Car Parking 39 Mobile Phones 39 Smoking 39 First Aid and Pharmacy39 Catering Services during WTC 39 Cancellation Policy39 Accommodation Information 42 Social Events 44 Optional and Accompanying Persons’ Programmes 44 Technical Tours 44 Post-Congress
    [Show full text]
  • Geothermal Update of Hungary 2000-2004
    Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005 Antalya, Turkey, 24-29 April 2005 Geothermal Update of Hungary 2000–2004 Miklós Árpási Founder Chairman of the Hungarian Geothermal Association – Independent Expert Keywords: country update, geothermal pilot projects, medium temperature range (30–100 oC). According to economical aspects, heat pumps different assessments of its geothermal resources (Boldizsár, 1967; Bobok et al., 1988 and Árpási, 1992) ABSTRACT Hungary has the biggest underground thermal water reserves and low-to-medium enthalpy geothermal potential Information is provided on the status of geothermal direct in Europe. heat use in Hungary, with emphasis on developments from 2000 to 2004. 2. GEOTHERMAL UPDATE During the four years since WGC2000 there have been 12 The main data of geothermal energy utilization for direct new geothermal developments in Hungary. uses in Hungary by January 1, 2004 as reported by Árpási, shown in Table 1. The geothermal energy was utilized in direct use, no electricity has been generated. As a result of the analysis for the geothermal update of Hungary by 1 January, 2004 the following conclusions can The summarized data relative to direct use in Hungary in be drawn: Hungary in slight degree was increased (utilization of geothermal heat was decreased in agriculture and increased a) the geothermal energy is utilized in the form of in communal heating and SHW supply). direct use (Table 2) The main consumer of geothermal heat is remain the b) areas of the direct use agriculture, however is remained among the leaders on the utilization of geothermal heat in the World. agricultural utilization Geothermal energy utilization is estimated to be 342,5 MW, communal use (space heating and domestic hot water) of geothermal power and it currently supplies 2905,2 TJ/yr.
    [Show full text]
  • Wind Energy in Hungary - Potential, Benefits and Barriers Director Jannik Termansen, Vestas Wind Systems A/S
    Wind Energy in Hungary - Potential, Benefits and Barriers Director Jannik Termansen, Vestas Wind Systems A/S vestas.com Reaching the EU RES target by 2020 may be demanding Setting the scene From 4,3% to 13% Source: EU Commission 2009 Setting the scene Fraunhofer ISI: “With business as usual RES policies Hungary will not reach her 13% RES target” • By retaining current RES support a doubling of current RES deployment can be expected by 2020 Link to the Fraunhofer • Corresponding to a share of 8.7% RES in gross final model energy demand by 2020 • Consequently, facing a huge gap in size of 4.3% of gross final demand, Hungary would fail to fulfill the 2020 RES target of 13% Source: Fraunhofer Institute 2009, Future pathways for renewable electricity in EU Setting the scene Fraunhofer ISI: “With strengthened RES policies Hungary can reach her 13% RES target" • Effective and efficient RES support with strengthened national RES support would allow Hungary to speed up Link to the RES deployment significantly Fraunhofer results • With strengthened national policies Hungary achieves a 2020 RES deployment corresponding to 13% of gross final energy demand – equal to the agreed Hungarian EU target Source: Fraunhofer Institute 2009, Future pathways for renewable electricity in EU The potential We believe that Wind Energy represents a key technology option for Hungarian power generation in reaching the EU RES target of 13% by 2020 Because Wind Energy is… Competitive Predictable Independent Fast Clean The potential And Hungary offers good wind sites
    [Show full text]
  • Hungary Empowered Lives
    RENEWABLE ENERGY SNAPSHOT: Hungary Empowered lives. Resilient nations. General Country Electricity Generating Information Capacity 2012 Population: 9,943,755 Surface Area: 93,030 km² 9,996 MW 9.3% Capital City: Budapest Total Installed Capacity RE Share GDP (2012): $ 125.5 billion GDP Per Capita (2012): $ 12,622 930 MW Installed RE Capacity WB Ease of Doing Business: 54 Biomass Solar PV Wind Small Hydro Installed Renewable Electricity 1 Capacity 2012 in MW 583 3.7 329.4 14 Technical Potential for Installed 2,400 86,400 600 100 Renewable Electricity Capacity in MW Sources : ESHA (2010); World Bank (2014); EurObserv’Er (2013); WWEA (2013); EBRD (2009); EC (2013); EWEA (2013); Renewable Facts (2013); EIA (2013); Hoogwijk and Graus (2008); Hoogwijk (2004); JRC (2011); and UNDP calculations. Key information about renewable energy in Hungary Hungary’s share of renewable energy in the total installed electricity capacity stands at almost 10 percent. But compared to its huge renewable energy potential, only a small percentage has so far been utilized. With the in - evitable closure of old fossil-fuel power plants, developing that renewable energy potential is particularly im - portant, because additional capacity of between 6,000 MW and 8,000 MW is required to meet the increasing demand (IAEA, 2012). The major promotion instrument for renewable energy is a technology-specific feed-in tariff, which is dependent on the commissioning date, the installed capacity and the time at which electricity is 1 Value is from 2010 RENEWABLE ENERGY SNAPSHOT:
    [Show full text]
  • The Feasibility of Performance Contracting in Hungary, Poland, and Slovakza
    THE FEASIBILITY OF PERFORMANCE CONTRACTING IN HUNGARY, POLAND, AND SLOVAKZA Prepared by Kiona International, Inc. Under Subcontract to ICF Resources Incorporated U.S. Agency for International Development Contract No. EUR-0028-C-00-2031-00 July 1995 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION ......................... 1 SECTION 1. PERFORMANCE CONTRACTING ............. 1-1 Performance Contracting in Retrospect ... ....1-2 Typical ESCO Services ........... ....1-4 Country Benefits .............. ....1-5 Benefits to In-Country Businesses ... ....1-6 Customer Advantages ............ ....1-7 Lessons Learned in the West ........ ....1-8 Free Audits .............. ....1-8 Too Much; Too Soon .......... ....1-8 Getting an Accountable Energy Engineer ....1-9 Cost-Effectiveness .......... ...1-9 Utility Role ............. ... 1-10 Underestimating the Key Role Management and Occupants Have. Especially O&M Staff ...... ... 1-10 The Vital Communications Link .... ... 1-10 SECTION 2 . KEY INSTITUTIONAL AND ECONOMIC ELEMENTS .....2-1 Country Conditions ...................2-1 Political & Economic Elements .............2-1 Energy & Environmental Elements ............ 2-5 CustomerElements ...................2-6 SECTION 3 . HUNGARY . ECONOMIC. POLITICAL. ENERGY AND FINANCIAL CONDITIONS GERMANE TO ENERGY PERFORMANCE CONTRACTING ............... 3-1 Macroeconomic/Political Conditions in Hungary .....3-1 Economic uSnapshotfland Apparent Trends; September 1994 ....................... 3-2 Macroeconomic Prospects and Outlook .....3-2 Implications for a
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Barge
    ENERGY BARGE Building a Green Energy and Logistics Belt Project Code: DTP1-175-3.2 Deliverable 3.1.1 Compendium of national market study reports May 31st, 2017 Project co-funded by European Union funds (ERDF) For the implementation of the project “ENERGY BARGE – Building a Green Energy and Logistics Belt” a subsidy is awarded from the European Regional Development Fund under the Danube Transnational Program. The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author. The European Regional Development Fund is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Project co-funded by European Union funds (ERDF) Table of Content Figures ................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Tables ................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 I. About the ENERGY BARGE project ........................................................................................................... 5 II. About this document ...................................................................................................................................... 7 1. Background of the deliverable ................................................................................................................... 8 2. Introduction to biomass and bioenergy markets in the Danube
    [Show full text]