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Biomass and Agriculture D L C _it E d e it s io w n o r ly B n e O e D d l C C a u E E e e O Biomass and Agriculture O R s n n e A A r u L e c t SUSTAINABILITY, MARKETS AND POLICIES The 21st century could see the switch from the fossil fuel to the biological based economy. « Agriculture could be rejuvenated as a source of bioenergy and biomaterials, as well as providing food and fibres. The relative costs of fossil fuels and agricultural biomass will clearly play a key role. Projected prices of fossil fuels over the next 30 to 50 years may ensure the dominance of the hydrocarbon economy. Even so, the price of bioplastics is competitive with petroleum based plastics at the top end of the market. Also, biofuels, such as ethanol are easier to exploit than fuel cells for their market potential. There is growing interest by both governments and the private sector in expanding markets for energy and materials produced from agricultural biomass. But what is the contribution of agricultural biomass to sustainable development? What issues should be addressed by policies? What are governments actually doing and how effective are they? The OECD Workshop on Biomass and Agriculture addressed these questions. It concluded that Biomass countries must take care in assessing the costs and benefits of promoting agricultural biomass production, to ensure that: it is economically efficient and profitable for farmers by responding to market needs; it is environmentally effective; and it can meet broader policy goals for agriculture, and Agriculture energy, industry, social welfare, trade and sustainable development. The Workshop also concluded that the policy strategy for biomass needs to focus on demand rather SUSTAINABILITY, MARKETS than supply, with a switch in emphasis from using agricultural policies to other policy tools and market approaches. Policies should be targeted at reducing set-up costs, encouraging innovation, AND POLICIES reducing technology costs, and providing large-scale test facilities, etc., to avoid simply closing the gap between production cost and market price. A clear communication strategy is also needed for technology and feedstock providers and potential users, and to improve public awareness and understanding of the biomass sector. Biomass and Agriculture and Biomass OECD’s books, periodicals and statistical databases are now available via our online library. This book is available to subscribers to the following SourceOECD themes: Agriculture and Food Energy www.SourceOECD.org Environment and Sustainable Development , AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT ENERGY INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE INDUSTRYENERGY ENV Ask your librarian for more details of how to access OECD books on line, or write to us at ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AG [email protected] ENVIRONMENT ENERGY INDUSTRY AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT ENERGY INDUSTRY ENERGY ENERG ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTUR SUSTAINABILITY, MARKETS AND POLICIES AND MARKETS SUSTAINABILITY, ENERGY INDUSTRY AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT ENERGY INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT ENERGY ENE INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTUR INDUSTRY AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT ENERGY INDUSTRY ENERGY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE INDUSTRYENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGR AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT ENERGY AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT ENERGY INDUSTRY AGRICU ENERGY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE INDUSTRYENERGY ENVIRONM ENVIRONMENT ENERGY INDUSTRY AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT ENERGY INDUSTRY AGRICULTUR ENERGY ENERGY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT -:HSTCQE=VUZZZX: ISBN 92-64-10555-7 51 2004 01 1 P www.oecd.org ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICICULTU AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT ENERGY INDUSTRY AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT ENERGY INDUSTR ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AG ENVIRONMENT ENERGY INDUSTRY AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT ENERGY INDUSTRY ENERGY ENERG ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTUR ENERGY INDUSTRY AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT ENERGY INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT ENERGY ENE AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE ENERGY ENV INDUSTRY AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT ENERGY INDUSTRY ENERGY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE ENERGY ENV GRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT ENERGY INDUSTRY AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT ENERGY INDUSTR AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT ENERGY INDUSTRY AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTU TURE INDUSTRY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTUR NVIRONMENT ENERGY IN MENT E _it Ed e it s io w n o r B e D l C u E e O Read Only s n e A r u Lect About OECD Browse_it editions In a traditional bookshop you can browse the display copies from cover-to-cover, free of charge. Wouldn't it be good to be able to do the same online? Now you can. OECD's Browse_it editions allow you to browse our books, online, from cover-to-cover. But, just as in a real bookshop where you can't take or copy pages from the books on display, we've disabled the print and copy functions in our Browse-it editions - they're read-only. And, just as in a real bookshop, you may choose to buy or borrow from a library some titles you've browsed, so we hope you'll buy or borrow our books when they meet your needs. Tell us what you think about our Browse-it service, write to us at [email protected]. Buying OECD Publications You can purchase OECD books and e-books from our Online Bookshop - www.oecd.org/bookshop where, if you purchase printed editions you can download the e-book edition free of charge. Our books are also available from a network of distributors, click the 'Distributors' button on this website: www.oecd.org/publications/distributors to find your nearest OECD publications stockist. OECD Publications in Libraries You'll find OECD publications in many institutional libraries around the world, especially at universities and in government libraries. Many subscribe to the OECD's own e-library, SourceOECD. SourceOECD provides online acess to our books, periodicals and statistical databases. If your institutional library does not yet subscribe to SourceOECD, tell your librarian about our free three-month trial offer. For more details about SourceOECD visit http://new.SourceOECD.org or email [email protected]. OECD has a network of Depository Libraries in each Member country where all OECD printed publications are available for consultation - www.oecd.org/deposoitorylibraries for a list. _it E d e it s io w n o r ly B n O e D d l C a u E e e O R s n e A r u L e c t cover-.fm Page 1 Thursday, July 22, 2004 4:51 PM Biomass and Agriculture: SUSTAINABILITY, MARKETS AND POLICIES ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT cover-.fm Page 2 Thursday, July 22, 2004 4:51 PM Á 03("/*4"5*0/Á'03Á&$0/0.*$Á$001&3"5*0/ Á"/%Á%&7&-01.&/5 Á1VSTVBOUÁUPÁ"SUJDMFÁÁPGÁUIFÁ$POWFOUJPOÁTJHOFEÁJOÁ1BSJTÁPOÁUIÁ%FDFNCFSÁ ÁBOEÁXIJDIÁDBNF JOUP GPSDFÁPOÁUIÁ4FQUFNCFSÁ ÁUIFÁ0SHBOJTBUJPOÁGPSÁ&DPOPNJDÁ$PPQFSBUJPOÁBOEÁ%FWFMPQNFOUÁÉ0&$% _it E d e it s io TIBMMÁQSPNPUFÁQPMJDJFTÁEFTJHOFE w n o r ly o UPÁBDIJFWFÁUIFÁIJHIFTUÁTVTUBJOBCMFÁFDPOPNJDÁHSPXUIÁBOEÁFNQMPZNFOUÁBOEÁBÁSJTJOHÁTUBOEBSEÁPG B n O e D MJWJOHÁJOÁNFNCFSÁDPVOUSJFT ÁXIJMFÁNBJOUBJOJOHÁGJOBODJBMÁTUBCJMJUZ ÁBOEÁUIVTÁUPÁDPOUSJCVUFÁUPÁUIF d l C a u EFWFMPQNFOUÁPGÁUIFÁXPSMEÁFDPOPNZ E e e O R s n e A r o UPÁDPOUSJCVUFÁUPÁTPVOEÁFDPOPNJDÁFYQBOTJPOÁJOÁNFNCFSÁBTÁXFMMÁBTÁOPONFNCFSÁDPVOUSJFTÁJOÁUIF u L e c t QSPDFTTÁPGÁFDPOPNJDÁEFWFMPQNFOUÁBOE o UPÁ DPOUSJCVUFÁ UPÁ UIFÁ FYQBOTJPOÁ PGÁ XPSMEÁ USBEFÁ POÁ BÁ NVMUJMBUFSBM Á OPOEJTDSJNJOBUPSZÁ CBTJTÁ JO BDDPSEBODFÁXJUIÁJOUFSOBUJPOBMÁPCMJHBUJPOT Á 5IFÁ PSJHJOBMÁ NFNCFSÁ DPVOUSJFTÁ PGÁ UIFÁ 0&$%Á BSFÁ "VTUSJB Á #FMHJVN Á $BOBEB Á %FONBSL Á 'SBODF (FSNBOZ Á (SFFDF Á *DFMBOE Á *SFMBOE Á *UBMZ Á -VYFNCPVSH Á UIFÁ /FUIFSMBOET Á /PSXBZ Á 1PSUVHBM Á 4QBJO 4XFEFO Á 4XJU[FSMBOE Á 5VSLFZ Á UIFÁ 6OJUFEÁ ,JOHEPNÁ BOEÁ UIFÁ 6OJUFEÁ 4UBUFTÁ 5IFÁ GPMMPXJOHÁ DPVOUSJFT CFDBNFÁ NFNCFSTÁ TVCTFRVFOUMZÁ UISPVHIÁ BDDFTTJPOÁ BUÁ UIFÁ EBUFTÁ JOEJDBUFEÁ IFSFBGUFSÁ +BQBO ÉUI "QSJM Á'JOMBOEÁÉUIÁ+BOVBSZÁ Á"VTUSBMJBÁÉUIÁ+VOFÁ Á/FXÁ;FBMBOEÁÉUIÁ.BZÁ .FYJDPÁ ÉUIÁ .BZÁ Á UIFÁ $[FDIÁ 3FQVCMJDÁ ÉTUÁ %FDFNCFSÁ Á )VOHBSZÁ ÉUIÁ .BZÁ Á 1PMBOE ÉOE /PWFNCFSÁ Á,PSFBÁÉUIÁ%FDFNCFSÁ ÁBOEÁUIFÁ4MPWBLÁ3FQVCMJDÁÉUIÁ%FDFNCFSÁ Á5IF $PNNJTTJPOÁ PGÁ UIFÁ &VSPQFBOÁ $PNNVOJUJFTÁ UBLFTÁ QBSUÁ JOÁ UIFÁ XPSLÁ PGÁ UIFÁ 0&$%Á É"SUJDMFÁ Á PGÁ UIF 0&$% $POWFOUJPO ¦Á0&$%Á 1FSNJTTJPOÁ UPÁ SFQSPEVDFÁ BÁ QPSUJPOÁ PGÁ UIJTÁ XPSLÁ GPSÁ OPODPNNFSDJBMÁ QVSQPTFTÁ PSÁ DMBTTSPPNÁ VTFÁ TIPVMEÁ CFÁ PCUBJOFEÁ UISPVHIÁ UIFÁ $FOUSFÁ GSBO¡BJT EÈFYQMPJUBUJPOÁEVÁESPJUÁEFÁDPQJFÁÉ$'$ Á ÁSVFÁEFTÁ(SBOET"VHVTUJOT ÁÁ1BSJT Á'SBODF ÁUFMÁÉ ÁÁÁÁ ÁGBYÁÉ ÁÁÁÁ ÁGPSÁFWFSZÁDPVOUSZÁFYDFQU UIFÁ 6OJUFEÁ 4UBUFTÁ Á *OÁ UIFÁ 6OJUFEÁ 4UBUFTÁ QFSNJTTJPOÁ TIPVMEÁ CFÁ PCUBJOFEÁ UISPVHIÁ UIFÁ $PQZSJHIUÁ $MFBSBODFÁ $FOUFS Á $VTUPNFSÁ 4FSWJDF Á É 3PTFXPPEÁ%SJWF Á%BOWFST Á."ÁÁ64" ÁPSÁ$$$Á0OMJOFÁXXXDPQZSJHIUDPNÁ"MMÁPUIFSÁBQQMJDBUJPOTÁGPSÁQFSNJTTJPOÁUPÁSFQSPEVDFÁPSÁUSBOTMBUFÁBMMÁPSÁQBSU PGÁUIJTÁCPPLÁTIPVMEÁCFÁNBEFÁUPÁ0&$%Á1VCMJDBUJPOT Á SVF "OESÏ1BTDBM ÁÁ1BSJTÁ$FEFYÁ Á'SBODF _it E d e it s io w n o r ly B n O e D d l C a u E e e O R s n e A r u L e c t sustainability, markets and policies Biomass and agriculture: _it E d e it s io w n o r ly B n O e
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