Dr. Annie Besant Road, Worli, - 400 018. Phone : 2496 4676 Fax : 2497 3827 Newsletter Gram : NEHRUCENTR Vol. 13 Issue 6 JUNE 2012 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.nehru-centre.org

Price Rs. 10/- Per Copy Annual Subscription Rs. 100

Events At a Glance... Constitutionalism, Democracy and Secularism in South Asia Nehru Planetarium A two-days National Seminar on projection of Sinhalese/Tamils as two “Constitutionalism, Democracy and antagonistic entities at war with one Transit of Venus Secularism in South Asia” was another for several centuries by Nehru Planetarium has made organised on February 27-28, 2012. Sinhalese/Tamil chauvinist writers is e l a b o r a t e a r r a n g e m e n t s f o r observation of the Transit of Venus on Dr. V. Suryanarayan, Senior Professor an illustration of the well known 6th June 2012. Please check our website and Director (Retd.) Centre for South axiom that truth and objectivity are for more details. and Southeast Asian Studies, the first casualities in times of conflict. University of Madras presented a As Eric Hobsbawm has pointed out, Cultural Wing paper on Sri Lanka as an expert. “history is the raw material for n a t i o n a l i s t o r e t h n i c o r Azad Ka Khuab The first part of his presentation was fundamentalist ideologies, as poppies (Hindustani Ki Azadi) covered in the monthly Newsletter of are the raw material for heroin May 2012. The second and final part is A play titled AZAD KA KHUAB addiction”. Stanley Thambiah, after based on Maulana Azad’s contribution covered in the present issue. years of painstaking research, has in the freedom struggle of India. come to the conclusion that Sinhalese Terming ‘Falsification of History’ as and Tamils share many parallel 19th June 2012, 6.30 pm yet another development in Sri Lanka, Nehru Centre Auditorium Dr. V. Suryanarayan observed that the contd. on page 2 Megh Malhar HOMAGE (A Three Days Thematic Festival of Classical Music on Monsoon Ragas)

26th June 2012 to 28th June 2012 Nehru Centre Auditorium

Art Gallery “Chatak” - 2012 (A Monsoon Show for Student Artists) 14th June 2012 to 27th June 2012 AC & Circular Gallery

Book Discussion

“Behind the Beautiful Forevers” written by Katherine Boo.

28th June 2012, 4:30 pm Conference Hall, 14th Floor Entry: By invitation only Time: 11:00 am Venue: Ground Floor (Please check our website for Panelists’ Smt. Bakul Patel, Joint Secretary, Nehru Centre paying tribute to late Shri Rajni Patel, Founder Member and names) ForDiscoverymer General ofSecretar Indiay, BuildingNehru Centre, on his 30th Death Anniversary. Shri I. M. Kadri, General Secretary, Nehru Centre and the staff of Nehru Centre were present on the occasion. Nehru Centre Newsletter - June 2012 1

1 features of “traditional caste, kinship, with a minority complex, were civilians. There was savage bombing popular religious cult, customs and so consistently opposed to federalism of Tamil civilian areas by the Sri on. But they have come to be divided and devolution of powers. They Lankan Air Force planes. Temples, by their mythic characters and believed that federalism would be the churches, orphanages, schools and t e n d e n t i o u s h i s t o r i c a l first step towards the establishment of heavily populated areas became easy understandings of the past. a s e p a r a t e S t a t e . T h e t h r e e targets. The Tigers were not without Constitutions and their underlying blemish. They used civilian Despite the cultural similarities, the ideologies contributed to the population as a buffer, shooting and chauvinists both among the Sinhalese exacerbation of ethnic conflict, the killing of the civilians who were and the Tamils propagate. The distortion of liberal democracy and trying to escape from their control, falsehood of age-old animosities the emergence of authoritarianism. forcibly recruiting children into their between the two communities. the The first Constitution of Sri Lanka, the baby brigade, placing military Sinhalese-Tamil conflict is a product Soulbury Constitution of 1947, equipment in the proximity of of post-independence politics, an promulgated by Britain one year civilians and also using forced labour. offshoot on the one hand, of the nation before independence, enshrined Since the Tigers have been decimated building experiment, where the majoritarian democracy in a unitary and Prabhakaran killed, it is not Sinhalese leaders wanted to build the State. Provision was made for the possible to make the Tigers nation on the basis of Buddhist protection of minority rights under accountable". religion and Sinhala language to the Section 29(2) of the Constitution exclusion of minority communities which prescribed limitations on What is the response of the Sri Lankan and on the other, to the politics of legislative supremacy. But the irony Government to grave allegations of ethnic mobilization resorted to by was that the first major legislative human Rights violations? The chauvinist Sinhalese and Tamil enactment of the Sri Lankan Government appointed in May 2010 leaders. government was to render the Indian the Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission, which submitted its Referring to ‘Revolts by Janatha T a m i l s s t a t e l e s s . T h e 1 9 7 2 Report on November 15,2011. The V i m u k t i P e r a m u n a ’ , D r . V . Constitution marked a distinct Report has both positive and negative Suryanaran said “It is necessary to departure from the past. The United features. The negative features are highlight the fact that the first major Front Government, led by Mrs. that the Report in many places bends challenge to the Sri Lankan political Sirimavo Bandaranaike, equated its backwards to defend the inhuman system did not come from the Tamils, overwhelming majority in Parliament actions of the armed forces; the but from the Sinhalese. In April 1971, with consensus. The Tamil demand number of civilians killed during the the Janatha Vimukti Peramuna (JVP), for federalism and protection of Fourth Eelam War is not estimated; it reflecting the disechantment and minority rights were brushed aside. turns a blind eye to the treatment frustration of the Sinhalese educated On the other hand, the Constitution meted out to the civilians trapped and under privileged, raised the gave Buddhism an elevated position between the Tigers and the Armed banner of armed revolt. This revolt of within the country and made Sinhala Forces. It is also silent on the "white the youth was the first instance of the official language. flag incidents", involving the killing of “tensions between generations On 'Human Rights Violations', he said surrendered LTTE cadres. The breaking out into military conflict on a "During the last stages of the Fourth legality of the existing High Security national scale. The creed of Eelam War, when the Sri Lankan Zones, the incarceration of 300,000 generational war was linked to armed forces were engaged in a fight civilians in the Menik farm and in eradicating the colonial status which to the finish, the War against the other places. had ended two decades previously, Tigers turned into a war against Tamil but was presumed to be still in Concluded.... existence”. The revolt was crushed What Nehru said.... with external assistance, but it had far reaching repercussions as far as Sri Lankan political system was .... Peace becomes of paramount importance if this world of ours is to make progress or indeed even surrive. Peace in our view is not merely abstention from war but an concerned. A State of Emergency was active and positive approach to international relations leading, first, to the lessening proclaimed in April 1971 which of the present tension through an attempt to solve our problems by methods of continued without a break until negotiation, and then, to a growing cooperation between nations in various ways - February 1977. Thousands of cultural and scientific contacts, increase in trade and commerce, and exchange of Sinhalese youth were detained ideas, experience and information. without trial. The armed forces had their first experience in tackling an .... There is no reason why different countries having different political or social or armed revolt.” economic systems should not cooperate in this way, provided there is no interference with one another and no imposition or attempt to dominate. Further he observed that the Sinhalese, the majority community June 22, 1955 Nehru Centre Newsletter - June 2012 2 SKY SHOWS: Shows & Timings

“Stars and Wonders of the Universe” - 12 noon (Hindi) “Awesome Universe” - 1:30 pm (Marathi) “Stars and Wonders of the Universe” - 3:00 pm (English) “Awesome Universe” - 4:30 pm (Hindi) NEHRU PLANETARIUM MONDAY CLOSED

Transit of Venus - 6th June 2012 second contact is when the Venus is seen completely on the disk of the Sun. After this the planet is seen The month of June 2012 offers us the last chance in our moving across the solar disk. The end of the event lives to witness a celestial phenomenon called Transit of begins at 3h 39m IST, with the advancing limb of Venus Venus that is going to take place on 6th June 2012. This touching the limb of the Sun from inside. This is called will be ones only opportunity to view this phenomenon the third contact and the fourth contact is when the as the next one will take place on 11th December 2117, event ends. after 105 year and 6 month from now. The Transit of Venus in 2004 was seen completely from What is the transit anyway? India but on 6th June 2012 when the first and second contact takes place the Sun will still be below the You have seen on our stars maps that stars are fixed horizon. When the Sun rises above the horizon in India relative to each other. Of course the stars have their the planet will be on the disk of the Sun and, weather own motion too but the stars are so far away that for permitting, we will be able to see third and fourth many generations of ours the changing positions of contact. stars are not visible to the naked eyes. Whereas the positions of the planets, the moon and the Sun changes every moment with respect to the stars. It is but natural that once in a while three of these objects align on a straight line.

During the lunar eclipse the Sun, the Earth and the Moon align and what we see is a lunar eclipse. Or when the Moon comes directly between the Sun and the Earth we see solar eclipse.

Similarly Mercury and Venus which orbit inside the orbit of the earth also fall directly between the Sun and the Earth. As the apparent sizes of these planets are much too smaller than the apparent size of the Sun the planets are seen on the disk of the Sun. The phenomenon is called Transit. Timings for Mumbai

The frequencies of the Transits depend upon the orbits Timings for Mumbai - on 6th June 2012 of the planets involved. The transits of Mercury are Sun rise : 6:02 IST more in number but not at a very regular intervals. Third Contact : 10h 5m 17s IST Whereas transits of Venus follow a set pattern: two Fourth contact: 10h 22m 50s IST transits of Venus occur at 8 years interval. This pair of The events ends - waiting period of 105 years begins. transit is separated alternately by 105.5 and 121.5 years. The next Transit of Venus taking place on 6th June 2012 will be the last chance for anyone alive now to witness this celestial phenomenon. Nehru Planetarium will make elaborate arrangements for observation of the Transit of Venus on June 6th 2012. The transit begins with advancing limb touching the Please visit our website for more details about the limb of the Sun. This is called the first contact. The transit and its observations.

Nehru Centre Newsletter - June 2012 3 STAR CHART FOR JUNE 2012

Note – event though the next few month would bring cloudy weather with rains and shower (we do hope) these month sometimes do offer some excellent viewing pleasure. First few showers would clean the atmosphere of its dust and other pollutants and we would get crystal clear sky.

Mercury (Budha) still very close to the sun, as the month begins, to be seen safely with the naked eyes but towards the end of the month it will rise above the western horizon soon after the sunset. It moves from Taurus, the Bull (Vrishubh) to Gemini, the twins (Mithuna) on 7th of June and then to Cancer, the Crab (Karka) on 24th of June.

Venus (Shukra) transits the sun on 6th of June ’12. Please see the main article. It remains in Taurus, the Bull (Vrishubh) all through the month.

Mars (Mangal) is nearly overhead at sunset. It moves from Leo, the Lion (Simha) to Virgo, the Virgin (Kanya) on 21st June. The map shows slightly more sky than that will be visible from a given location. Thus the map can be used elsewhere in India at 21:00 hrs Indian Time. Hold the Jupiter (Guru or Bruhaspati) too chart vertically before your eye sand turn it until the geographical direction you are remains in Taurus, the Bull (Vrishubh) facing shows at the bottom of the chart. all through the month. It is not visible in the sky as it is too close to the sun but soon it will be seen above the eastern horizon before the sunrise. Phases of the Moon (timings in IST hh:mm) Saturn (Shani) is well above the Full Moon Last Quarter New Moon First Quarter eastern horizon at the time of sunset. (Poornima) (Krishna Paksha (Amavasya) (Shukla Paksha It remains in Virgo, the Virgin Ashtami) Ashtami) (Kanya) this month too.

(Disclaimer: The Indian names of the stars and 04 June, 14:41 11 June, 11:11 19 June, 20:32 27 June, 09:00 planet, given in parenthesis for the purpose to remind the reader that India has a rich astronomical tradition. We do not subscribe to astrology.)

Nehru Centre Newsletter - June 2012 4 Cultural Wing

Azad Ka Khuab prestigious festivals in India and (Hindustani Ki Azadi) abroad.

A play titled AZAD KA KHUAB based on Maulana Azad’s contribution in the Smt. Kalapini Komkali is the freedom struggle of India will be presented. The play is written by Mr. daughter and disciple of legendary Mushtaque Qazi and directed by Mr. Mujeeb Khan. Pandit Kumar Gandharva and has also been trained by her illustrious 19th June 2012, 6.30 pm mother, Vidushi Vasundhara Nehru Centre Auditorium Komkali. She learnt from her distinguished parents not only the Entry: Entrance Cards will be available from Booking Counter from 10.30 am until technique and grammar of her art but availability of cards on 16th June 2012. also inherited a capacity for creativity and reflection. She has performed extensively at various musical festivals in India and abroad.

Megh Shri Rahul Sharma has carved a niche for himself in the world Indian classical and fusion world music, Malhar with over 50 released albums spanning a career of 15 years. This young artiste has experimented with (A Three Days Thematic Festival of the Music and taken the 100 stringed Classical Music on Monsoon Ragas) Santoor (Instrument) which he plays into various genres from classical to The schedule of the festival is as extensively at various musical folk to New Age and World Fusion. follows: festivals. Rahul learnt music and the Santoor f r o m h i s f a t h e r a n d G u r u 26th June 2012 Smt. Padma Talwalkar received Pt. Shivkumar Sharma. He has training in Gayaki in three performed extensively at various Shri Shrinivas Joshi (Vocal) main styles or : , musical festivals in India and abroad. Smt. Padma Talwalkar (Vocal) Kirana and Jaipur. At the tender age of ten, she became the pupil of late Smt. Arati Ankalikar-Tikekar is a 27th June 2012 Pt. Gangadharbuva Pimpalkhare of noted vocalist , who imbibed in her best of the Smt. Meeta Pandit (Vocal) and a world renowned classical Gwalior and Kirana traditions of Smt. Kalapini Komkali (Vocal) singer. She has received training in music. She was exposed to the Agra as well as Gwalior-Atrauli 28th June 2012 demanding tutelage of late Smt. gharanas. Endowed with a rich Moghubai Kurdikar, the doyenne of resonant voice, Arati's performances Shri Rahul Sharma (Santoor) the Jaipur . She has are marked by an excellent command Smt. Arati Ankalikar-Tikekar performed extensively at various over both the rhythm and the (Vocal) musical festivals in India and abroad. melody. She has performed extensively at various musical Shrinivas Joshi is the son of Smt. Meeta Pandit has emerged as a festivals in India and abroad. Hindustani classical music maestro shining star in the world of classical late Pandit Bhimsen Joshi. He started music. She is grand daughter and 26th to 28th June, 2012, 6.30 pm serious pursuit of music in a disciple of Padma Bhushan Pt. Nehru Centre Auditorium traditional Gurukul System under Krishna Rao Shankar Pandit, the his father and mother late Smt. doyen of Northern India Classical Entry: Entrance Cards will be available Vatsalabai Joshi and extensive music, and the daughter of legendary from Booking Counter from 10.30 am training and proper talim in Kirana Pt. Laxman Krishnarao Pandit. She until availability of cards on 22nd June Gharana. He has performed has performed extensively in 2012. Nehru Centre Newsletter - June 2012 5 The Art Gallery

PROGRAMMES FOR recipient of National Child JUNE 2012 award from Ministry of Child Welfare, ; Malyala Manorama Gold Medal; Shankar's KANIKA MUKERJEE Silver Medal; Mathrubhumi Talent Award and around 350 prizes in Painting at National and District levels.

Painting by Nagesh Hankare K o l h a p u r . H e h a s m a n y shows and awards to his credit. His paintings are landscapes and Painting by Kanika Mukerjee seascapes in water colour. Kanika has B.F.A. degree in Painting Archana received G.D.A. in Painting from College of Art, New Delhi. Her from Kolhapur. Her paintings are at works are landscapes in Cotton acrylic on canvas. with Fabric as media on canvas. Her beautiful collages are reminiscent of Prashant has done G.D.A.; A.T.D. tapestries of old. The effect of light and Dip. Ed. from Sir J. J. School of and shade are shown through varied A r t , M u m b a i . H e h a s cloths in her paintings. participated in many shows. His paintings are in oil on canvas. Tuesday 29th May to Painting by Shilpa Sivaraman Monday 4th June 2012 Atul secured G.D.A. in Sculputre & ( AC Gallery ) Shilpa Modelling with first class from , thirteen years old studying in K o l h a p u r . H i s f i g u r a t i v e the school at Trivendrum. She won sculptures are in bronze, metal and N a t i o n a l C u l t u r a l T a l e n t NAVIN NAKAR fiber glass. scholarship in Visual Art. Also received National award by Kerala Shri Nakar is a selt taught artist. He Javed is self taught artist. His Cultural & Educational Society; specializes in Gold leafing and paintings are in water colours. selected for National Balashree portraits. He has many shows to his award; won 5 Gold Medals in Kerala credit. His works are metal Sagar received G.D.A. in Painting Painting competitions. She has won embosssing and siporex murals. from Sangli. His landscapes are in more than 700 prizes for painting, acrylic on canvas. He has had many drawing and cartoons. Tuesday 29th May to shows and won awards. Monday 4th June 2012 A. Sivaraman is a sculptor and a ( Circular Gallery ) Tuesday 5th June to photographer. He worked at various Monday 11th June 2012 Medical Colleges as modeller in the NAGESH HANKARE . (AC Gallery) Anatomy department. He has won ARCHANA DESAI . awards for his sculptures from Lalith PRASHANT JADHAV . SHIKHA SIVARAMAN . Kala Academy, Kerala and many ATUL DAKE . JAVED SHILPA SIVARAMAN . other prestigious institutions. ICHALKARANJIKAR . A. SIVARAMAN SAGAR BONDRE Shikha, ten years old studying in the Tuesday 5th June to Nagesh has secured A.T.D.; G.D.A.; school at Trivendrum. She is a Monday 11th June 2012 A.M. and Dip. Ed. in Fine Art from (Circular Gallery)

Nehru Centre Newsletter - AprilJune 20112012 6 “CHATAK” - 2012 A Monsoon Show for Student Artists

The twentieth year of ‘Chatak’ - A Monsoon Show will be exhibited in two parts. The first part is an exhibition of the works of Student artists.

Around twentyfour students of Mumbai, Raigad, Jalgaon, Pune, Satara, Nagpur, Kolhapur and Ratnagiri are exhibiting their works in different styles and mediums including sculptures.

... and the first drop of rain ‘Wai Ghat’ - by Sheetal Kapse ‘Three Relation’ - by Anmol Saisiddhi arrived to quench the thirst of the ‘Mendhpal’ - by Dipti Thakare Chatak (a legendary bird) Thursday 14th June 2012 to Wednesday 27th June 2012 (AC & Circular Gallery)

Library Book Discussion “Behind the Beautiful Forevers” New Arrivals - DVDs on Wildlife written by Katherine Boo.

28th June 2012, 4:30 pm Sr. No. Title Conference Hall, 14th Floor

Entry: By invitation only 1. Cats / Status 2. Dogs / Bears (Please check our website for Panelists’ 3. Coasts / Predators and Hunting names) 4. Pole to pole / Seashore and beaches 5. Sea Creatures / Mammals 6. Learning and play / Ingenious 7. Monkeys / Cold Dear Subscribers 8. Grasslands and Flowers / Locomotion 9. Forests / Africa 10. Adaptation / Leaving Home You are requested to renew 11. Deserts / Communities your subscription for the year 12. Burrowers and builders / overground and underground 2012-2013 if not already done, 13. Miniature / South and Central America so that the Newsletter can be sent to you without any break. 14. Defence / Hibernation

Thanks to the subsribers for The duration of each DVD is 55 minutes. They are available for viewing only in their continued co-operation the library. For details contat Arati Desai, Librarian on 2498 3921 or email her at and interest in the Nehru [email protected] 6 Centre activities. Nehru Centre Library is open for reference. Xeroxing facilities are available. Timings: 10.30 am to 5.00 pm Contact: Arati Desai, Librarian Phone: 2498 3921 6 Nehru Centre Newsletter - June 2012 7 R. N. I. No. MAHENG/1999/121 WPP Licence No. MR/Tech/WPP-235/West/2009-11 MH/MR/WEST/114/2012-2014 FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY DISCOVERY OF INDIA EXPOSITION NEHRU CENTRE PUBLICATIONS Glimpses BOOKS Know Your India: WITNESS TO HISTORY IMPACT OF THE WEST: RULE BRITANNIA REMEMBERING EINSTEIN INDIAN ASTRONOMY In the final analysis British rule could not be justified on the ground of law and order alone. Policing was something that any strong state could do. But a colonial state vested A Source Book with a civilizing mission had to do more. In the case of the Raj, this extra something was EXPLORING THE UNIVERSE: the Rule of Law; the introduction of laws codes based on the principles of natural justice. The Planetarium Way The process of codification allowed for Western principles to be adapted to Indian needs. SCIENCE IN INDIA: PAST & PRESENT Hindus and Muslims for example, were allowed to have separate civil codes. The DISCOVERY OF INDIA criminal law however, was made uniform. The work begun before the 'Mutiny' in 1833, was completed with the introduction of the Indian Penal Code in 1860 and the Code of Abridged and illustrated & VCD Version Criminal Procedure the year after. With a few alterations these codes form the basis of NEHRU REVISITED Indian law even today.

RULE OF LAW IN A FREE SOCIETY Theoretically these codes were to be administered by an independent judiciary operating through a system of District Courts and High Courts. In actual fact, the system CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRACY IN INDIA allowed too much discretion to the police, it was too expensive for the ordinary Indian to Colourful Catalogues of use and the principle of equality before law was often breached to pander to European 1. G. N. JADHAV racism. In 1873, Europeans were given the right to be tried by a European magistrate or sessions judge. 2. ART HERITAGE OF MAHARASHTRA 3. HAREN DAS The Queen's Proclamation had promised eventual self-government; her Viceroys 4. PROF. P. A. DHOND proceeded on the comfortable assumption that this could be deferred till the next 5. COLLECTOR'S PRIDE millennium. However, the Queen's promises and the Raj's own rhetoric of enlightened 6. K. B. KULKARNI guardianship forced it, under pressure from Indian public opinion, to enlarge the sphere 7. VINAYAK S. MASOJI of representative government. But even as the colonial state conceded representative 8. SAMAKALEEN structures, it built into them the divisive principle of separate electorates based on (Contemporary Five Artists) religious affiliation. Democratic mobilization thus became an occasion for sectarian VINAYAKRAO WAGH strife. Nonetheless, our first lessons in Parliamentary government were learnt in the RAJARAM PANVALKAR nursery of the Raj.European racism. In 1873, Europeans were given the right to be tried KRISHNAJI KETKAR by a European magistrate or sessions judge. DATTAJIRAO DALVI The Queen's Proclamation had promised eventual self-government; her Viceroys GOVIND MALADKAR proceeded on the comfortable assumption that this could be deferred till the next 9. NAGESH B. SABANNAVAR millennium. However, the Queen's promises and the Raj's own rhetoric of enlightened 10. NARAYAN L. SONAVADEKAR guardianship forced it, under pressure from Indian public opinion, to enlarge the sphere 11. "GURU-SHISHYA" of representative government. But even as the colonial state conceded representative BABA GAJBAR & structures, it built into them the divisive principle of separate electorates based on GANPATRAO WADANGEKAR religious affiliation. Democratic mobilization thus became an occasion for sectarian 12. D. G. KULKARNI (DIZI) strife. Nonetheless, our first lessons in Parliamentary government were learnt in the nursery of the Raj. 13. MILLENNIUM SHOW to be contd.... (A Century of Art from Maharashtra) Exposition open from 10.30 am to 5 pm - Every Day except Monday ART FUSION 2007 / 2008 / 2009 / 2010 / 2011 / 2012 TO OUR READERS SANSKRUTI Kindly write to us if there is any discrepancy in the address (or name). It is our aim to reach this CD ROM : An Aesthetics of Indian Culture publication well before the beginning of the month, to ensure that you do not miss Set of ten greeting cards any programmes of Nehru Centre. Based on Discovery of India Exposition Set of five assorted gift cards Published for Nehru Centre by Srinivas Krishna Kulkarni Editor : Srinivas Krishna Kulkarni at Discovery of India Building, Dr. Annie Besant Road, Designed by Handicapped children Design & Layout : Pramod Rane & Imtiaz Kalu Worli, Mumbai - 400 018. Available at: Tel : 2496 4676 Fax : 2497 3827 Photographs : C. M. Karambelkar

Discovery of India Exposition, Ground Floor, Printed at M/s Trimurti Enterprises, B/4, Gandhi Nagar, D. S. Road, Lower Parel, NEHRU CENTRE, Worli, Mumbai - 400 018. Mumbai - 400 013. Phone : 2494 5304 / 9820280366

Nehru Centre Newsletter - June 2012 8