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Peter Hall 40 Singapore As a Global Water Issue 2 | APR 2007 ETHOS Issue 2 | APR 2007 05 Creative Cities: 66 The City and My Home Can they be Comfortable? Simon Tay Peter Hall 40 Singapore as a Global Water 80 The Globalisation Game Knowledge Hub Interview with Martin Wolf Interview with Asit K. Biswas ETHOS Advisory Board Chan Heng Kee – CEO and Dean, Civil Service College Chan Lai Fung – Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Law Chew Hock Yong – Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports Loh Khum Yean – Chief Executive, SPRING Singapore Ow Foong Pheng – Chief Executive Officer, JTC Corporation Andrew Tan – Deputy Secretary (International), Ministry of Foreign Affairs Editorial Team Alvin Pang – Editor • Sheila Ng – Assistant Editor June Gwee • Lai Wei Lin We welcome contributions, suggestions and letters to the Editor. The editorial team reserves the right to select, edit and publish articles according to its editorial policy. All correspondence should be directed to: The Editor, ETHOS Centre for Governance and Leadership Civil Service College 31 North Buona Vista Road Singapore 275983 Fax: +65 6775 8207 Email: [email protected] ©2007 Centre for Governance and Leadership, Civil Service College Published by the Civil Service College The Civil Service College (CSC) is a statutory board under the purview of the Public Service Division (Prime Minister’s Office). Established in 1971, the College is an integrated learning institution comprising the Centre for Governance and Leadership, the Institute of Policy Development, the Institute of Public Administration, Public Service Centre of Organisational Excellence, CSC Consultants and CSC International. Its vision is to be the Heart of Learning Excellence and Development for the Singapore Public Service. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Editor and the Centre for Governance and Leadership, CSC. The opinions and views expressed in Ethos are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect those of the Centre for Governance and Leadership, the Civil Service College or the Public Service Division. ISSN: 1793-3773 Website: http://www.cscollege.gov.sg/ethos 02 CONTENTS Issue 2, April 2007 03 Editorial 58 Quality of Life in Singapore 05 Creative Cities: Can they Tan Li San be Comfortable? Peter Hall 62 Spaces and Scapes — Thoughts on Urban 08 Managing Singapore’s Planning Land Needs Aaron Maniam Melissa Sapuan 66 The City and My Home 22 Homes for a Nation — Simon Tay Public Housing in Singapore ******************* Yap Chin Beng 70 Positioning Singapore in a New Asia 31 Water Management Andrew Tan in Singapore Cecilia Tortajada 75 Strategic in Outlook, Nimble in Execution: 40 Singapore as a Global Strengthening the Water Knowledge Hub Centre in the Singapore Interview with Asit K. Biswas Government Ng Chee Khern 45 Implications of Prospect Theory on Road Pricing 80 The Globalisation Game Anthony T.H. Chin Interview with Martin Wolf 50 Wanted — An Ambitious Vision for Singapore’s Public Transport Paul Barter ETHOS | Issue 2 | APR 2007 03 EDITORIAL he Asian Development Bank has and home, imitating successful cities enlisted Singapore’s help to step elsewhere will only take us so far. T up urban development in the Participation in regional development will region. The multimillion dollar agreement, offer our planners a broader canvas on inked in March this year, will see Singapore which to try out new ideas, technologies share its expertise and conduct joint and approaches. There may well be research in urban planning and opportunities to develop our own management with policymakers and innovative solutions and cultivate fresh planning professionals in developing talent in the fields of urban design, countries across the Asia-Pacific. planning and regulation. These will pay This partnership is more than a ringing off richly for Singapore’s own cosmopolitan endorsement for Singapore’s competence. future. In a rapidly urbanising region where as At heart, urban planning is about a much as 60% of the urban population still strengthening city’s capacity to respond to live in slum-like conditions, this deal change. The question is how this capacity represents a salient opportunity for might best be served. Indeed, Professor Sir Singapore to export one of our maturing Peter Hall of University College London strengths to a much under-served market. argues that the creativity of great cities in Our public housing and airport the past was the result of tensions wrought infrastructure have been lauded in the past. by rapid economic and social change; he However, some scholars in the challenges Singapore’s planners to embrace developmental field, like Dr Cecilia such creative tensions rather than plan Tortajada, also see Singapore as an unsung against them (see page 5). In contemporary leader in specialised sectors such as water urban design, the prevailing question management, where global demand for seems to be: What to plan for, and what to relevant expertise is still growing (see page allow to grow organically? After all, 31). buildings, roads and sewers give a city Lending a helping hand to the region structure and value, but it is the free and is all well and good, but what does this often unanticipated interaction of its mean for a small city-state that aspires to inhabitants that bring cities to life. be a distinctive, vibrant and world-class Nevertheless, in all cities, but particularly cosmopolis? If we are to distinguish in land-scarce Singapore, trade-offs have ourselves as an urban destination, venue to be made between equally attractive ETHOS | Issue 2 | APR 2007 04 opportunities. the relationship between place and identity. It is for these reasons that public In addition, featured in our General communication, community participation, topical section are essays by Andrew Tan, and consensus building have become Deputy Secretary (International), Ministry integral to the planning process in cities of Foreign Affairs, and BG Ng Chee Khern, worldwide, from Boston to Berlin. Chief of Air Force, and a conversation with Singapore’s own Urban Redevelopment noted financial journalist Martin Wolf Authority has derived great value from on globalisation and its implications for engaging the public, as the review of its our region. We will also be making latest Concept Plan attests (see page 8). additional material on topics under Undoubtedly, the public discussion will discussion available online at http:// continue to mature and deepen in the years www.cscollege.gov.sg/ethos. to come. We look forward to hearing from you and wish you a constructive read. Urban planning is about Alvin Pang strengthening a city’s capacity Editor, Ethos to respond to change. [email protected] It is our hope at Ethos to contribute to the discourse on urban planning and management in some small way. Our contributors in this issue offer bold new perspectives on the theme. In an interview, Professor Asit K. Biswas envisions Singapore as the water capital of the world. Paul Barter from the National University of Singapore proposes ambitious changes to public transport development and regulation. Rounding up the issue’s theme is Professor Simon Tay, National Environment Agency Chairman and former Nominated Member of Parliament, who reflects on the value of the unplanned and ETHOS | Issue 2 | APR 2007 Creative Cities: Can they be Comfortable? | Peter Hall 05 Peter Hall Creative Cities: Can they be Comfortable? Many urban centres aspire to be creative global cities, but they should be prepared to embrace the tensions and turbulence of genuiue change. ities everywhere see themselves as respect, as international rankings have competing in a globalised world, shown. C just like companies. Some argue But there is a nagging sense that this is a false analogy: cities do not something more is needed. Cities compete, their companies and their worldwide are repeating the mantra of employees compete. So the job of city creativity, struggling to embrace the administrations is to ensure that they can creative economy as the basis for their govern effectively, by providing both hard regeneration. They have all read Richard and soft infrastructure: utilities, transport Florida’s argument that success in the so- links, schools, universities and hospitals, called New Economy depends on a new and basic structures of law and order. creative class. This class chooses congenial Singapore has performed brilliantly in this locations like the San Francisco Bay Area, ETHOS | Issue 2 | APR 2007 06 Creative Cities: Can they be Comfortable? | Peter Hall Austin (Texas) and Seattle. It does not economic and social transformation — particularly care about attributes like economically, socially and in value systems. expressways, airports or entertainment They were in a state of uneasy and unstable districts; it looks for high-quality amenities tension between conservative and radical and experiences, an open and free forces and values — places of great social atmosphere, and the everyday opportunity and intellectual turbulence, not to assert its own creative identity.1 comfortable places at all. This disjuncture Richard Florida argues that a was experienced and expressed by creative “Bohemian Index” — the number of writers, people who felt themselves outsiders: the designers, musicians, actors and directors, guild craftsmen of Renaissance Florence, painters ands sculptors, photographers and the young actor-playwrights of Elizabethan dancers — is “an amazingly strong predictor London, the court musicians, and later the of everything from a region’s high- Jewish intellectuals of Vienna, the Parisian technology base to its overall population Impressionists and Cubists. An old, and employment growth”.2 He produces established order was being challenged or statistical evidence, but it is unclear which had just been overthrown — London in is the cause and which the effect. It may 1600, Paris in 1860, Vienna in 1900 or Berlin be that successful places are dominated by in 1920.
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