DOCSLIB.ORG

University of California UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Distorted Transformation of Mexico: Arbitralism and Developmentalism, and Political Capitalism and Subcapitalism. A Pathway towards Balancing Capitalism and Balanced Development, or Demdevelopment Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0012399n Author Nunez, Ramon Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles The Distorted Transformation of Mexico: Arbitralism and Developmentalism, and Political Capitalism and Subcapitalism. A Pathway towards Balancing Capitalism and Balanced Development, or Demdevelopment A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Urban Planning by Ramón Angel Núñez De La Mora 2013 © Copyright by Ramon Angel Nunez De La Mora 2013 ii ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Distorted Transformation of Mexico: Arbitralism and Developmentalism, and Political Capitalism and Subcapitalism. A Pathway towards Balancing Capitalism and Balanced Development, or Demdevelopment by Ramon Angel Nunez De La Mora Doctor of Philosophy in Urban Planning University of California, Los Angeles 2013 Professor Leobardo Estrada, Chair Starting from the Mexican state´s and capitalism´s overall performance in democracy and development, this study addresses two types of social relationships that have shaped the country´s evolution over the twentieth century: those unleashed from the Constitution of 1917 to now, which are called the historical or postrevolutionary relationships, and those just rising at the turn to the twentieth- first century, named as the emerging or post-postrevolutionary relationships. Both relationships take place through a series of state and capitalist processes overlapping in the spheres of politics, production and policymaking. The historical relationships are identified as two national productive restructurings, eight processes and two phenomena. The two productive restructurings are those undertaken by Presidents Cárdenas and De La Madrid in 1935 and 1983 respectfully. The eight processes are those of (i) presidentialism, (ii) corporatism, (iii) statism, (iv) democratism as well as (v) free-marketism, (vi) urban-regional-rural unbalances, (vii) technological lag, and (viii) human development. As for the two phenomena, they are arbitralism and developmentalism and work superimposed on the two restructurings and the eight processes, thereby controlling the configuration and action of the postrevolutionary stage. The emerging iii relationships are taking shape in the last years as a path-dependent succession of historical and current trends, oligarchic disputes, state/market incapacities and “failures”, socioproductive struggles and sociopolitical movements, all of them profiling the evolution of domestic capitalism and regularizing the making of democracy and development in Mexico. Based on both historical and emerging relationships, an exercise of interpretation, conceptualization and prospection of the national unfolding is made, in order to comprehend the dynamics of continuity and change underlying Mexico´s course. Then it is stated that the phenomena of arbitralism and developmentalism engendered a (postrevolutionary) Regime of Political Capitalism and Subcapitalism, which exhaustion is generating a (post-postrevolutionary) new Regime of Balancing Capitalism and Balanced Development. The transition between both regimes is profiling a pathway for a (national) political order of Demdevelopment as a superior dimension of achieving growth, wellbeing, governance and progress in Mexico. Tellingly, this pathway is endowed with a policymaking choice to undertake a demdevelopmental Third Restructuring of national capitalism and state, as a first re-organizational step towards demdevelopment. Key words: Mexico, history, capitalism, free-marketism, statism, democracy, urban-regional-rural unbalances, technological lag, human development, arbitralism, developmentalism, political capitalism, subcapitalism. iv The dissertation of Ramon Angel Nunez de la Mora is approved: Randall Crane Reynaldo Macias Leobardo Estrada, Committee Chair University of California, Los Angeles 2013 v Dedication Dedico este estudio a la memoria de mi Padre Ramón Núñez Valencia, quien me ínculcó la vocación de estudiar todo el tiempo, sembró en mi la práctica del honor, y me enseñó a chiflar. Quiero también reconocer en este trabajo a los Presbíteros Elías De La Mora, Emilio Santana, y Gabriel de la Mora por sus orientaciones sustantivas en el principio de mi vida. vi Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………….………….…… 1 CHAPTER I The Historical Making of México: Configuration of Capitalism and Productive Restructurings. From a Social Dream to a Sub-capitalism…………………………………………………………..………………… 11 1. Historical Context………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11 1.1 Spain and New Spain/Mexico in the “Era of Revolution”…………..…………………………….. 11 1.2 Transitions to Independence and Capitalism in New Spain/Mexico……..……………………... 16 1.3 Globalization(s), International Development of Capitalism, and Mexico……..………………… 20 2. The Configuration of Capitalism………………………………………………………………………… 32 2.1 Half Century of Political Instability…………………………………………………………….…… 32 2.2 The Porfirian Political Regime………………………………………………………………….….. 36 2.3 Configuration of Capitalism………………………………………………………………………… 40 3. The Revolution and the Postrevolutionary Regime: Productive Restructurings and Development 3.1 The Revolution of 1910…………………………………………………………………………….. 57 3.2 The Postrevolutionary Political Regime……………….……………………………………………62 3.3 Productive Restructurings…………………………………………………………………………...69 CHAPTER II The Political Operationalization of México´s Making Process……………………..……………………… 80 1. The Mexican Nation-State............................................................................................................ 80 2. The Society-State Relations underlying Democracy and Development: Eight Processes….…… 87 3. Democracy Watershed: Seedbeds of (anti-) Democracy?............................................................92 3.1 Presidentialism: The real political system………………….………………………………… 92 3.2 Corporatism: The societal structuring method……………………………………………… 112 3.3 Statism: The organizational institutional strategy……………………………………………. 121 3.4 Democratism: The legitimating procedure, or the administration of a transition in name of democracy…………………………………………………………………....………………….138 4 Development Watershed: Seedbeds of (anti-) Development? .................................................... 163 4.1 Free-Marketism: The misunderstood vocation taken to extremes, still to be built…………163 4.2 Urban-Regional-Rural Imbalances: Capitalism´s trap or the failed state, or both………….174 4.3 Technological Lag: The great exigency for a real own development, or the missing link.. 191 4.4 Human Development: Subhuman Development……………………………………………….204 vii CHAPTER III. Arbitralism and Developmentalism: Political Capitalism and Subcapitalism. The two comprehensive phenomena makers of México. …………………………………………………………..…………………… 222 1. Arbitralism and Developmentalism: Path-dependent outcomes of the interaction among the Political Class, the Oligarchy and the Socio-State Relationships…………………………………………… 222 1.1 Politics…………………..……………………………………………………………………………… 222 1.2 Political class and Oligarchy………………..….………………………………………………………225 1.3 Interaction of the Political Class, the Oligarchy and the Socio-State Relationships: the ferment Arbitralsim and Developmentalism…………………..…………………………………………. 229 2. Arbitralism…………..…..……………………………………………..……………………………………234 3. Developmentalism…….………….……………….…………………..…………………………………..244 4. Political Capitalism and Subcapitalism…………….……………………………………………………260 CHAPTER IV A National Pathway for a Balancing Capitalism and a Balanced Development: From Political Capitalism and Subcapitalism towards Demdevelopment………………………..……………………… 266 1. Arbitralism and Developmentalism: The Postrevolutionary Regime of Political Capitalism and Subcapitalism……………………………………….……………………………………………………….. 269 2. From the exhausted regime to a New Regime for growth, governance and development: Balancing Capitalism, Democracy and Balanced Development = Demdevelopment………………………….274 3. Demdevelopment, the rising pathway: stemming from the ferment of both the nation´s experienced lessons and the emerging flow of different social relationships………………………………………280 3.1 Mexican lessons………………………………………………………………………………………280 3.2 An emerging flow of different social relationships…………………………………………………283 4 Demdevelopment as a Vía for a Societal and not-only-productive Third Restructuring of Mexican Capitalism. A Conceptual and Policy Framework…………………………………………………289 4.1 Two Restructurings: Two National Models and a same Regime. A Third Restructuring: No Model for Nations and a New Regime……………………………………………………………………..289 4.2 A Conceptual Framework for Policymaking: Principles, Premises and Policy Dimensions..…. 291 4.3 A Policy Approach for a Third Restructuring: Scope and Limits, Unbalances, and Institutional Reforms………………………………………………………………………………………………..295 4.4 Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………………….299 Bibliography…..……………………………………………………………………………………………………302 viii Acknowlegements I wish to acknowledge Prof. Allen J. Scott Prof. Edward W. Soja Prof. Michael Storper for their intellectual contributions to my academic formation at UCLA. I want to thank Prof. Leo Estrada for
Recommended publications
  • Estudios De Historia Moderna Y Contemporánea De México 49 (2015) 33-53

    Estudios De Historia Moderna Y Contemporánea De México 49 (2015) 33-53

    33 Estudios de Historia Moderna y Contemporánea de México 49 (2015) 33-53 Disponible en www.sciencedirect.com Estudios de Historia Moderna y Contemporánea de México www.historicas.unam.mx/publicaciones/revistas/moderna/moderna.html Artículo original “… El magonismo no existe”: Ricardo Flores Magón “Magonism does not exist”: Ricardo Flores Magón Marco Antonio Samaniego López Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, México INFORMACIÓN DEL ARTÍCULO RESUMEN Historia del artículo: Recibido el 27 de agosto de 2014 El artículo demuestra que los anarquistas del Partido Liberal Mexica- Aceptado el 1 de diciembre de 2014 no no se identificaban ni querían ser llamados “magonistas”, por ser una forma de denominarlos que era contraria a su ideología. Ricardo Palabras clave: Flores Magón manifestó claramente que el uso de dicho término era Partido Liberal Mexicano para confundir al pueblo mexicano y compararlos con otros ismos a Anarquismo los que denostaban. No querían personalismos, ni autoridades, ni je- Liberales fes, debido a que los intereses personales se sobreponen siempre a Magonismo los colectivos. De igual forma, el uso de “magonismo” surge por par- Regeneración Estados Unidos te de las autoridades federales en su afán persecutorio. Posterior- Líderes mente, la historiografía, en dos grandes líneas, ha utilizado dicho Historiografía término para explicar la participación de los miembros del PLM; sin Revolución Mexicana embargo, es una forma que contradice la ideología de quienes pre- Estado posrevolucionario tenden describir. Derechos Reservados © 2015 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.
  • International Workshop on Electoral Administration and Justice for the Central Elections Commission of Palestine

    International Workshop on Electoral Administration and Justice for the Central Elections Commission of Palestine

    International Workshop on Electoral Administration and Justice for the Central Elections Commission of Palestine Mexico City, December, 1st. - 5th. INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ELECTORAL ADMINISTRATION AND JUSTICE FOR THE CENTRAL ELECTIONS COMMISSION OF PALESTINE Index Page 1. Presentation 2 2. International Centre for Electoral Training and Research 3 3. Mexico- Palestine Relationship Background 5 4. Workshop Objectives 10 5. Speakers’ Profiles 11 6. Delegates’ Profiles 12 7. Programme 19 8. Mexico’s Political and Electoral Systems 20 9. Current Electoral Context in Mexico 45 1 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ELECTORAL ADMINISTRATION AND JUSTICE FOR THE CENTRAL ELECTIONS COMMISSION OF PALESTINE 1. PRESENTATION General overlook Electoral democracy requires constant improvement and update in order to satisfy those demands presented by a modern society, citizens’ rights-demanding and strong political parties fighting over access to political power. Through this given outlook, elections´ management has gradually become an object of knowledge, as well as a specialized practice. Nowadays, those of us involved in elections´ management not only encounter a widely extended and diversified practice, but also a very complex one, related to ways of conducting it to satisfy universally recognized international standards, oriented towards free, clean, fair, equal, periodically and reliable elections. The classic standards on electoral democracy have not changed, but the parameters established to meet them have. Current developing conditions on electoral abilities demand a broader electoral quality for the authority to comply with such standards. An effort in accordance with the political exigency to train electoral officers is required. Registered changes in the electoral agenda´s evolution ask for new aptitudes, (knowledge, abilities, skills) and new attitudes (values and behaviors) of those responsible of organizing elections in the world.
  • In Tunisia Policies and Legislations Related to the Democratic Transition

    In Tunisia Policies and Legislations Related to the Democratic Transition

    Policies and legislations The constitutional and legal framework repre- sents one of the most important signs of the related to the democratic transition in Tunisia. Especially by establishing rules, procedures and institutions in order to achieve the transition and its goals. Thus, the report focused on further operatio- nalization of the aforementioned framework democratic while seeking to monitor the events related to, its development and its impact on the transi- tion’s path. Besides, monitoring the difficulties of the second transition, which is related to the transition and political conflict over the formation of the go- vernment and what’s behind the scenes of the human rights official institutions. in Tunisia The observatorypolicies and rightshuman and legislation to democratic transition related . 27 Activating the constitutional and legal to submit their proposals until the end of January. Then, outside the major parties to be in the forefront of the poli- the committee will start its action from the beginning of tical scene. framework for the democratic transition February until the end of April 2020, when it submits its outcome to the assembly’s bureau. The constitution of 2015 is considered as the de facto framework for the democratic transition. And all its developments in the It is reportedly that the balances within the council have midst of the political life, whether in texts or institutions, are an not changed numerically, as it doesn’t witness many cases The structural and financial difficulties important indicator of the process of transition itself. of changing the party and coalition loyalties “Tourism” ex- The three authorities and the balance cept the resignation of the deputy Sahbi Samara from the of the Assembly Future bloc and the joining of deputy Ahmed Bin Ayyad to among them the Dignity Coalition bloc in the Parliament.
  • Appendix to “Social Inequalities, Identity

    Appendix to “Social Inequalities, Identity

    World Inequality Lab – Working Paper N° 2021/11 Social Inequalities, Identity, and the Structure of Political Cleavages in Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, 1952-2019 Appendix Oscar Barrera Ana Leiva Clara Martínez-Toledano Álvaro Zúñiga-Cordero March 2021 Social Inequalities, Identity, and the Structure of Political Cleavages in Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, 1952-2019 Oscar Barrera Ana Leiva Clara Martínez-Toledano Álvaro Zúñiga-Cordero† Appendix This document supplements our working paper “Social Inequalities, Identity, and the Structure of Political Cleavages in Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, 1952-2019”. It contains all appendix tables and figures. † Oscar Barrera (World Inequality Lab): [email protected]; Ana Leiva (University of Oslo, UiO): [email protected]; Clara Martínez-Toledano (Imperial College London, World Inequality Lab): [email protected]; Álvaro Zúñiga-Cordero (Paris School of Economics, World Inequality Lab): [email protected]. We are grateful to Lavih Abraham, Ronald Alfaro- Redondo, María Julia Blanco, Francesco Bogliacino, Nicolás DvosKin, Ignacio Flores, Gustavo García, Amory Gethin, Kyong Mazaro and Thomas PiKetty for their useful advice. Figure AA1 - Vote for Peronists by income decile in Argentina 100% 90% D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1995-99 2007-11 2015-19 Source: authors' computations using Argentinian post-electoral and political attitudes surveys. Note: the figure shows the share of votes received by the Peronist party by income decile. Figure AA2 - Vote for Peronists by income group in Argentina 90% 80% Bottom 50% Middle 40% Top 10% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1995-99 2007-11 2015-19 Source: authors' computations using Argentinian post-electoral and political attitudes surveys.
  • Emily Edmonds-Poli and David A. Shirk 2009- Contemporary Mexican Politics

    Emily Edmonds-Poli and David A. Shirk 2009- Contemporary Mexican Politics

    CONTEMPORARY MEXICAN POLITICS EMILY EDMONDS-POLI and DAVID A. SHIRK ContempMexPolPBK.indd 1 10/16/08 12:23:29 PM #/.4%-0/2!29 -%8)#!.0/,)4)#3 CONTEMPORARY MEXIC AN POLITICS Emily Edmonds-Poli and David A. Shirk ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Lanham • Boulder • New York • Toronto • Plymouth, UK ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Published in the United States of America by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowmanlittlefield.com Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom Copyright © 2009 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Edmonds, Emily. Contemporary Mexican politics / Emily Edmonds-Poli and David A. Shirk. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-7425-4048-4 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-7425-4048-0 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-7425-4049-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-7425-4049-9 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Mexico--Politics and government--2000- I. Shirk, David A., 1971- II. Title. F1236.7.E36 2009 320.972--dc22 2008031594 Printed in the United States of America ™ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.
  • Anarchist Movements in Tampico & the Huaste

    Anarchist Movements in Tampico & the Huaste

    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Peripheries of Power, Centers of Resistance: Anarchist Movements in Tampico & the Huasteca Region, 1910-1945 A Thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Latin American Studies (History) by Kevan Antonio Aguilar Committee in Charge: Professor Christine Hunefeldt, Co-Chair Professor Michael Monteon, Co-Chair Professor Max Parra Professor Eric Van Young 2014 The Thesis of Kevan Antonio Aguilar is approved and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Co-Chair Co-Chair University of California, San Diego 2014 iii DEDICATION: For my grandfather, Teodoro Aguilar, who taught me to love history and to remember where I came from. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page……………………………………………………………..…………..…iii Dedication……………………………………………………………………………...…iv Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………….v List of Figures………………………………………………………………………….…vi Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………vii Abstract of the Thesis…………………………………………………………………….xi Introduction……………………………………………………………………………......1 Chapter 1: Geography & Peripheral Anarchism in the Huasteca Region, 1860-1917…………………………………………………………….10 Chapter 2: Anarchist Responses to Post-Revolutionary State Formations, 1918-1930…………………………………………………………….60 Chapter 3: Crisis & the Networks of Revolution: Regional Shifts towards International Solidarity Movements, 1931-1945………………95 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….......126 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………129 v LIST
  • Juárez, Díaz, and the End of the "Unifying Liberal Myth" in 1906 Oaxaca John Radley Milstead East Tennessee State University

    Juárez, Díaz, and the End of the "Unifying Liberal Myth" in 1906 Oaxaca John Radley Milstead East Tennessee State University

    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2012 Party of the Century: Juárez, Díaz, and the End of the "Unifying Liberal Myth" in 1906 Oaxaca John Radley Milstead East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Latin American History Commons Recommended Citation Milstead, John Radley, "Party of the Century: Juárez, Díaz, and the End of the "Unifying Liberal Myth" in 1906 Oaxaca" (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1441. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1441 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Party of the Century: Juárez, Díaz, and the End of the "Unifying Liberal Myth" in 1906 Oaxaca _____________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts of History _____________________ by John Radley Milstead May 2012 _____________________ Daniel Newcomer, Chair Brian Maxson Steven Nash Keywords: Liberalism, Juárez, Díaz ABSTRACT Party of the Century: Juárez, Díaz, and the End of the "Unifying Liberal Myth" in 1906 Oaxaca by John Radley Milstead I will analyze the posthumous one-hundredth birthday celebration of former Mexican president and national hero, Benito Juárez, in 1906 Oaxaca City, Mexico.
  • Celestino Gasca and the Federacionistas Leaks Insurrection of 1961

    Celestino Gasca and the Federacionistas Leaks Insurrection of 1961

    THE AMERICAS 66:4/April 2010/527-557 COPYRIGHT BY THE ACADEMY OF AMERICAN FRANCISCAN HISTORY RECLAIMING REVOLUTION IN LIGHT OF THE "MEXICAN MIRACLE": Celestino Gasca and the Federacionistas Leaks Insurrection of 1961 "If they want me to give my life in order to get their attention, I'll give it to them."1 n die hours before dawn on September 15, 1961, various groups of men armed with machetes, pistols and rifles attempted to take over military posts, Ipolice stations and municipal offices throughout Mexico, proclaiming "justice for the poor." The uprising of the so-called Federacionistas Leaks was part of a strategy coordinated by an old revolutionary general, Celestino Gasca Villasenor, who planned to take power in order to carry out a new agrarian program to ben­ efit the campesinos of Mexico. The Federacionista movement was founded at die end of 1958 when Celestino Gasca broke with General Miguel Henriquez Guzman. The latter had kept alive the hope of insurrection in order to defend his alleged victory in the presidential election of 1952.2 During the first half of the 1950s, many Henriquistas remained in high alert awaiting the order, which never came, to initiate the uprising. In an open and clear reclaiming of the armed mobilization tliat ushered in the revolu­ tion of 1910, the Henriquistas maintained dieir struggle around three funda­ mental demands: in die first place, ascension to power by General Henriquez and his supporters at die local level, as tliis was die only way to guarantee tliat the odier demands be fulfilled; second, die redistribution of land, legalization of tides, I wish to thank Liliana Paola Avila Melendez for her enthusiastic support as research assistant, and Holly Yasui for her translation from Spanish.
  • @ Copyrighted by Ward Sloan Albro, Iii 1967

    @ Copyrighted by Ward Sloan Albro, Iii 1967

    Ricardo Flores Magón and the Liberal Party: an inquiry into the origins of the Mexican revolution of 1910 Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Albro, Ward S. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 11:00:40 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565157 @ COPYRIGHTED BY WARD SLOAN ALBRO, III 1967 RICARDO FLORES MAGON AND THE LIBERAL PARTY: AN INQUIRY INTO THE ORIGINS OF THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION OF 1910 by Ward Sloan Albro, III A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 6 7 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by Ward Sloan Albro. Ill____________________________ entitled ftir.ardo Flores Maron and the Liberal Party: An Inquiry into the Origins of the Mexican Revolution of 1910 be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy_________________________________ After inspection of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:* f + 6 7 Q/Aa. 1/ / 9&7 /?& .V, pa z Z *This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination.
  • Identity and Diversity: What Shaped Polish Narratives Under Communism and Capitalism Witold Morawski1

    Identity and Diversity: What Shaped Polish Narratives Under Communism and Capitalism Witold Morawski1

    „Journal of Management and Business Administration. Central Europe” Vol. 25, No. 4/2017, p. 209–243, ISSN 2450-7814; e-ISSN 2450-8829 © 2017 Author. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Identity and Diversity: What Shaped Polish Narratives Under Communism and Capitalism Witold Morawski1 at first, the motherland is close at your fingertips later it bleeds hurts – Tadeusz Różewicz (1999, p. 273) Aims I shall refer to concepts of identity and difference on the border between culture and society not only to better understand and explain waves of social anger experienced by individuals or communities but also to reflect on ways in which to address the challenges that emerge within the social environment. One is angry when struggling with financial insecurity due to unemployment or low income; economists analyse this phenomenon. Another one is angry because of the mediocrity of those in power; political scientists explore this matter. The media, whose task is to bring the above to public attention, also become instruments that shape events and they aspire or even engage in exercising power. Thus, I shift the focus to society and its culture as sources of anger and, at the same time, areas where we may appease anger (Mishra, 2017; Sloterdijk, 2011). People often tap into the power of identity and difference as a resource. I do not assume that culture prevails, but society needs to take it into account if it is to understand itself and change any distressing aspects of reality.
  • 2019 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections in Tunisia Final Report

    2019 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections in Tunisia Final Report

    ELECTION REPORT ✩ 2019 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections in Tunisia Final Report ELECTION REPORT ✩ 2019 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections in Tunisia Final Report One Copenhill 453 Freedom Parkway Atlanta, GA 30307 (404) 420-5100 www.cartercenter.org Contents Map of Tunisia................................. 4 The Independent High Authority Executive Summary ............................ 5 for Audiovisual Communications .............. 40 Background ................................. 6 Conclusion ................................ 41 Legal Framework ............................ 7 Candidates, Parties, and Campaigns ........... 42 Election Management ........................ 7 Campaigning in the First Round Voter Registration ........................... 8 of the Presidential Election .................. 42 Voter Education ............................. 8 Conclusion ................................ 44 Citizen Observation .......................... 8 Campaigning in the Parliamentary Election .... 44 Candidate Registration ....................... 8 Campaigning in the Second Round of the Campaign .................................. 9 Presidential Election ........................ 46 Voting and Counting ........................ 11 Campaign Finance ............................ 47 Tabulation ................................. 12 Social Media Monitoring ...................... 49 Electoral Dispute Resolution ................. 12 Legal Framework ........................... 49 Results .................................... 13 Methodology .............................
  • Economic Solutions for Mexico

    Economic Solutions for Mexico

    Mexico Colby Preface I originally decided I would do my case study on Mexico for the simple fact I could not fathom the fact that it was considered a part of the undeveloped world. I always recognized Mexico to be a vast economic power in the world, and with its massive population and relatively large size compared to the other countries around the world. This observation left me needing to figure out why they were considered underdeveloped. When I thought more about how Mexico could have ended up in this economic downfall, it did not surprise me seem to consider what countries Mexico borders. The United States (U.S.) has historically to this day used their military strength and their economic prosperity to abuse much smaller nations. I originally was going to conduct my research on how stronger and larger nations take advantage of weaker nation which has led to Mexico’s economic struggles. However, I quickly learned that the U.S. was not the sole cause of their underdevelopment; Mexico has struggled with political unrest, and economic turmoil since the birth of the young nation. I chose Mexico as my country to research not for family ties or even future personal vacations, but because I felt America was too overbearing. My original ideas were verified by the information I found but also by the new information I found which expanded from other possible sources of the economic turmoil. I have become increasingly engaged and interested in this case study and more broadly Mexico’s economic and political systems. This case study has really grabbed my attention and intrigued me unlike I believed it would.