DOCSLIB.ORG

Deploying a Low-Cost Data Service in Rural Areas Using Wimax Over GSM/GPRS by Nicolas Chauville, Damien Chatelain and Prof

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Deploying a Low-Cost Data Service in Rural Areas Using Wimax Over GSM/GPRS by Nicolas Chauville, Damien Chatelain and Prof Deploying a low-cost data service in rural areas using WiMax over GSM/GPRS by Nicolas Chauville, Damien Chatelain and Prof. Barend van Wyk, Tshwane University of Technology In some South African rural areas, GSM networks have spare capacity. The available capacity is usually not fully utilized and other services can be developed to use capacity more effectively. One possibility is to try to use this spare capacity to provide a low speed data service to rural areas. When we speak about data access through a mobile switching centre (MSC). The PC is Modifications to the Linux kernel public land mobile network (PLMN), general equipped with a Linux kernel modified and To communicate with the IWU, a new protocol packet radio service (GPRS) comes to mind, adapted to the new protocol in order to offer was developed. Its function is to establish a but GPRS access is not well adapted to our a classical network interface to the application connection to the IWU and to organise IP problem. One of the reasons is that we do not layer. Classical quality of service or load data in order to make it understandable to need to cover an entire area. In many rural areas, sharing applications can therefore be used the IWU. As shown in Fig. 3, this protocol is requests to access a data network are extremely transparently. localised between IP and Ethernet on the OSI localized (town hall, administration center, layer scheme, where Ethernet is the hospital, backpacker hotel, internet data link protocol. Our interface is café, etc. [1]). A point-to-point access connected to the DXX using a single to the PLMN is therefore more suitable Ethernet card. than GPRS. Since subscribers needing data access in these areas are not only The implementation of this new extremely localized, but can also be protocol, called the IWU protocol distances of up than fifty kilometers in the sequel, is divided into several apart from each other, WiMax can be parts. First, main functions of this used to extend services and increase protocol have to be implemented in range. It is therefore interesting to the kernel domain. Then, in the user investigate a way to access the PLMN domain, a daemon called iwud is over the GSM classical core network implemented in order to take care of Fig. 1: A WiMax network interfaced with GSM. using WiMax technology. signaling to establish or to terminate a connection. Finally, this protocol In the first part of the paper ideas to build a Modifying GSM network should be transparent to applications such as WiMax network interfaced with a GSM network To interface the PC with the GSM network, quality of service or load sharing software. are introduced (refer to Fig. 1). This solution, several modifications were implemented. We introduced in section II, is certainly an option, interface with the DXX, therefore the base On a Linux system, the only way applications but a 64 kbps link is permanently used. Since station transceiver (BTS) configuration does can communicate with the kernel is by using the provision of a permanent 64 kbps link is not need to be modified. Minimal changes the system call socketcall. Although this not a perfect solution, a best-effort service over have been made on the BSC and on the system call is almost never used directly by a classical GPRS core network is introduced in MSC. As shown in Fig. 2, a semi-permanent programmers, libraries using this call were the second part of the paper. connection is established through the BSC developed. and through the MSC. The idea is to establish Wimax over GSM So, the point is not that applications reach the a direct connection between our interface and IWU protocol (because user applications only This section is divided into two parts. First we the interworking unit (IWU) in the MSC. The access a upper layer) but that the IWU is called discuss some ideas about interfacing WiMax IWU can be connected to the net through the by layer 3 (IP in this case). The classical way to with GSM and then the reasons for building PSTN or through ISDN. Its job is to convert do this is to use a structure called net_device. a network based on WiMax point-to-point data from PLNM to analogue data, for instance, connections are presented. In section II.B if the IWU is connected to the net through The Linux kernel provides an interface to the the interface between WiMax and GSM is the PSTN [2]. Finally, the WiMax interface is middle of OSI layer 2 (see Fig. 4) and since presented. This interface consists of a PC directly connected to the IWU by reserved programming under this layer depends on (configured as a router) connected to the time slots to establish a connection to the net. the hardware used, kernel developers have digital cross connecter (DXX) using a LAN Instead of having to respect GSM protocols to defined a software interface in order to allow module. Minimal modifications have to be communicate with BTS, the interface has just designers to easily create kernel drivers. This made to the base station controller (BSC) and to communicate with the IWU. interface is a C structure called net_device. 38 Elektron February 2006 Fig. 2: Modifying the GSM network. Fig. 3: Adding a new protocol. that this kind of packet must be forwarded to the iwu interface - more information can be By definition, best effort traffic should not found in [3]). At this layer, routing facilities of have any influence on classical GPRS traffic. Linux and classical applications can be used. On the GPRS core network this implies that Although IWU is transparent, the iwu interface GPRS equipment supporting GPRS support is not the final destination. The iwu interface is node (SGSN), gateway GPRS support node implemented as a tunnel interface, since it is (GGSN) and other network resources have to not linked to specific hardware. After a packet treat WiMax data as a second priority. has been processed by the IWU protocol it is In section III.A a way is described to create a forwarded using the classical dev_queue_xmit best effort service within an SGSN. In section call of the Ethernet interface. III.B it is explained how to configure the Gb interface on the SGSN and BSC to have best Fig. 4: OSI layer and Linux kernel. Creating a best effort service using GPRS core network effort traffic in the network even if the GPRS When a packet (the skb structure in Linux operator uses a frame relay provider for the The GSM core network is circuit switched and is associated with a packet and contains all interface. so it can not be easily used for the purpose of packet data including headers and functions) is providing a best effort service to the WiMax Using GPRS to create a quasi best-effort service processed by the IP layer, the IP protocol calls sub-network. The GPRS core network is more within SGSN skb->dev->dev_queue_xmit where dev is the suited since it is packet switched. The question net_device structure. This means that, if a new A software solution (which is possible since of using the GPRS core network as a backbone, interface (called iwu) is set up, the IP protocol some GPRS platforms use open source system is therefore worth investigating. will call it (obviously if a routing table shows like Open Telecom Platform [4], [5]) allows 39 Elektron February 2006 Fig. 5: Using SNDCP NSAPI to create a best effort service. Fig. 6: Operators reserve bandwidth on classical GSM trunks for frame relay traffic. for a real best effort treatment, but will require relay equipment used for tests should allow for and for his time and the Centre of Excellence extensive testing before deployment. It is powerful QoS mechanisms (priority queuing in Modeling and Planning (Alcatel, Telkom, possible to have an easier less costly solution for instance) and can be used as routers for Molapo and the National Research Fundation) which provides a quasi best-effort treatment our purposes [11]. With such equipment and for its support. by using available QoS mechanisms. The with the proposed architecture, the network References GPRS standard provides different classes can provide priority to classical GPRS traffic [1] M.L. Best, C.M. Maclay, “Community Internet Access of service by defining some QoS attributes on the Gb interface. such as precedence class [6], delay class [7], in Rural Areas Solving the economic sustainability puzzle”, 2002, available at http://www.inta.gatech. reliability class [7], etc. SNDCP protocol [8] Best effort GPRS access edu/michael_best/vita.pdf provides different classes of services to the In order to use the architecture described in [2] Ericsson Telecom, Telia and Studentlitteratur, upper layer. the previous sections, GPRS protocols have to “Understanding Telecommunications”, 1998, ISBN 9144002149, Best effort traffic on Gb interface be strictly adhered to for access provided by WiMax equipment. As shown in Fig. 6, a WI- [3] K. Wehrle, F. Pahlke, H. Ritter, D. Muller, M. Bechler, Sometimes layer 2 of the Gb interface is MAX interface emulates a simple GPRS call “Linux Network Architecture”, 2001, Chapter 14 provided by a frame relay operator. This is to the BSC and to the GPRS core network. This (p263-314), ISBN: 0131777203; the reason why acting on the traffic has to be interface simulates a mobile station requesting [4] Seved Torstendahl, “Open Telecom Platform, Ericsson Review No. 1”, 1997, available at http:// done just after SGSN or BSC. To do this very a GPRS call, creating a PDP context.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lecture #9 3G & 4G Mobile Systems E-716-A
    Integrated Technical Education Cluster Banna - At AlAmeeria ‎ © Ahmad El E-716-A Mobile Communications Systems Lecture #9 3G & 4G Mobile Systems Instructor: Dr. Ahmad El-Banna December 2014 1 Ok, let’s change ! change Ok, let’s 2 E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna Banna Agenda - Evolution from 2G to 3G © Ahmad El 3G Systems Objectives Alternative Interfaces UMTS , Lec#9 , Dec 2014 Dec Lec#9 , , A - 716 3.5G (HSPA) - E 4G (LTE) 3 Evolution from 2G Banna - 2G IS-95 GSM- IS-136 & PDC © Ahmad El GPRS IS-95B 2.5G HSCSD EDGE , Lec#9 , Dec 2014 Dec Lec#9 , , A - 716 - E Cdma2000-1xRTT W-CDMA 3G EDGE Cdma2000-1xEV,DV,DO 4 TD-SCDMA Cdma2000-3xRTT 3GPP2 3GPP Banna GSM to 3G - High Speed Circuit Switched Data Dedicate up to 4 timeslots for data connection ~ 50 kbps Good for real-time applications c.w. GPRS Inefficient -> ties up resources, even when nothing sent © Ahmad El Not as popular as GPRS (many skipping HSCSD) Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution GSM HSCSD Uses 8PSK modulation 9.6kbps (one timeslot) 3x improvement in data rate on short distances GSM Data Can fall back to GMSK for greater distances Also called CSD Combine with GPRS (EGPRS) ~ 384 kbps , Lec#9 , Dec 2014 Dec Lec#9 , , A Can also be combined with HSCSD - GSM GPRS 716 WCDMA - E General Packet Radio Services Data rates up to ~ 115 kbps EDGE Max: 8 timeslots used as any one time Packet switched; resources not tied up all the time 5 Contention based.
    [Show full text]
  • F5 and the Growing Role of GTP for Traffic Shaping, Network Slicing, Iot, and Security
    OVERVIEW F5 and the Growing Role of GTP for Traffic Shaping, Network Slicing, IoT, and Security For years, F5 BIG-IP solutions have managed GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) traffic. Now, in part due to EU regulations, GTP traffic growth is much higher than ever before. International trends show that mobile data is increasing, as is the demand for smart and secure GTP traffic handling. In this document, we will explain GTP, where it is typically used, and where BIG-IP solutions provide significant value. What is GTP? GTP is a group of IP-based communication protocols used to carry General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) within GSM, UMTS, and LTE networks. In 3GPP architectures, GTP and Proxy Mobile IPv6-based interfaces are specified on various interface points. GTP in GPRS (2.5G and 3G) Networks GTP is a set of three separate protocols: GTP Control (GTP-C), GTP User (GTP-U), and GTP Prime (GTP’). GTP-C is used within the GPRS core network for signaling between gateway GPRS support nodes (GGSN) and serving GPRS support nodes (SGSN), as demonstrated by the Gn interface on the diagram below. GTP-C allows the SGSN to activate and deactivate a user’s session, adjust quality- of-service parameters, or update sessions when subscribers arrive from another SGSN. HLR MSC Gr Gs luPS Internet Gi Gn SGSN RNC UMTS Radio Network (RAN) GGSN Gb Corporate SGSN PCU GSM Radio Network Network (BSS) Figure 1: GTP in GPRS (2.5G and 3G networks). OVERVIEW | F5 and the Growing Role of GTP 2 GTP-U carries user data within the GPRS core network, and between the radio access network and core network.
    [Show full text]
  • UMTS Core Network
    UMTS Core Network V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello GSM/GPRS Network Architecture Radio access network GSM/GPRS core network BSS PSTN, ISDN PSTN, MSC GMSC BTS VLR MS BSC HLR PCU AuC SGSN EIR BTS IP Backbone GGSN database Internet V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello 3GPP Rel.’99 Network Architecture Radio access network Core network (GSM/GPRS-based) UTRAN PSTN Iub RNC MSC GMSC Iu CS BS VLR UE HLR Uu Iur AuC Iub RNC SGSN Iu PS EIR BS Gn IP Backbone GGSN database Internet V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello 3GPP RelRel.’99.’99 Network Architecture Radio access network 2G => 3G MS => UE UTRAN (User Equipment), often also called (user) terminal Iub RNC New air (radio) interface BS based on WCDMA access UE technology Uu Iur New RAN architecture Iub RNC (Iur interface is available for BS soft handover, BSC => RNC) V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello 3GPP Rel.’99 Network Architecture Changes in the core Core network (GSM/GPRS-based) network: PSTN MSC is upgraded to 3G MSC GMSC Iu CS MSC VLR SGSN is upgraded to 3G HLR SGSN AuC SGSN GMSC and GGSN remain Iu PS EIR the same Gn GGSN AuC is upgraded (more IP Backbone security features in 3G) Internet V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello 3GPP Rel.4 Network Architecture UTRAN Circuit Switched (CS) core network (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) MSC GMSC Server Server SGW SGW PSTN MGW MGW New option in Rel.4: GERAN (GSM and EDGE Radio Access Network) PS core as in Rel.’99 V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello 3GPP Rel.4 Network Architecture MSC Server takes care Circuit Switched (CS) core of call control signalling network The user connections MSC GMSC are set up via MGW Server Server (Media GateWay) SGW SGW PSTN “Lower layer” protocol conversion in SGW MGW MGW (Signalling GateWay) RANAP / ISUP PS core as in Rel.’99 SS7 MTP IP Sigtran V.
    [Show full text]
  • Security for the Core Network of Third Generation Mobile Systems
    Security for the core network of third generation mobile systems GUNTER HORN, DIRK KROSELBERG Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, D-81730 Muenchen, Germany STEFANPUTZ T-Mobil, P.O. Box 300463, D-53184 Bonn, Germany ROLAND SCHMITZ T-Nova Technology Centre, D-64307 Darmstadt, Germany Keywords: UMTS, MAP Security, Multimedia domain, SIP, IPSec, IKE, Key Management Abstract: This contribution gives a survey of the present standardisation activities by 3GPP (3'd Generation Partnership Project1) in the area of security for signalling in the core network of third generation mobile systems. We give an overview of the protocols that need to be secured, present the basic principles behind the overall security architecture and describe the key management and format of secured messages, as far as they have already been finalised. In particular, we address core network security aspects of the 3GPP multimedia domain. 1 3GPP was formed by regional standards organisations from Europe, Asia and North America to produce specifications for a third generation mobile system named UMTS which is designed to evolve from GSM core network. There is a competing effort known as 3GPP2 with partners from North America and Asia. The original version of this chapter was revised: The copyright line was incorrect. This has been corrected. The Erratum to this chapter is available at DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-35413-2_36 R. Steinmetz et al. (eds.), Communications and Multimedia Security Issues of the New Century © IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2001 298 1. THREATS TO CORE NETWORK SECURITY FOR MOBILE RADIO NETWORKS The core network of mobile radio systems is the part of the network which is independent of the radio interface technology of the mobile terminal.
    [Show full text]
  • TR 101 865 V1.1.1 (2001-07) Technical Report
    ETSI TR 101 865 V1.1.1 (2001-07) Technical Report Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite component of UMTS/IMT-2000; General aspects and principles 2 ETSI TR 101 865 V1.1.1 (2001-07) Reference DTR/SES-00054 Keywords satellite, UMTS, IMT-2000, 3GPP ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.:+33492944200 Fax:+33493654716 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://www.etsi.org/tb/status/ If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to: [email protected] Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. © European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2001. All rights reserved. ETSI 3 ETSI TR 101
    [Show full text]
  • Mobile Computing
    10/21/12 Mobile Computing CSE 40814/60814 Fall 2012 Public Switched Telephone Network - PSTN! Transit switch Transit Transit switch Long distance network switch Local Local switch switch Outgoing Incoming call call - Transfer mode: circuit switching! - All the network (except part of the access network) is digital! - Each voice channel is usually 64kb/s! 1 Basic Call! Calling terminal Network Called terminal Off-hook Resource allocation Dial tone Dialing Translation + routing Ring indication Alert signal Remove ring indication Off hook Bi-directional channel Conversation On hook On hook signal Billing 2 1 10/21/12 Cellular Network Basics •" Cellular network/telephony is a radio-based technology; radio waves are electromagneFc waves that antennas propagate •" Most signals are in the 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 1900 MHz frequency bands Cell phones operate in this frequency range (note the logarithmic scale) Cellular Network •" Base staons transmit to and receive from mobiles at the assigned spectrum –" MulFple base staons use the same spectrum (spectral reuse) •" The service area of each base staon is called a cell •" Each mobile terminal is typically served by the ‘closest’ base staons –" Handoff when terminals move Architecture of Cellular Networks! Server (e.g., Home Location Register) External Mobile Network Station Base Mobile Station Switching Center Cellular Network 5 2 10/21/12 6 Registration! Nr: 079/4154678 Tune on the strongest signal 7 Service Request! 079/4154678 079/8132627 079/4154678 079/8132627 8 3 10/21/12 Paging Broadcast! 079/8132627? 079/8132627? 079/8132627? 079/8132627? Note: paging makes sense only over a small area 9 Response! 079/8132627 079/8132627 10 Channel Assignment! Channel Channel 47 Channel 47 68 Channel 68 11 4 10/21/12 Conversation! 12 Handoff (or Handover)! 13 Message Sequence Chart! Base Base Caller Switch Callee Station Station Periodic registration Periodic registration Service request Service request Page request Page request Paging broadcast Paging broadcast Paging response Paging response Assign Ch.
    [Show full text]
  • Request for Comments on the Draft Outline for The
    International Telecommunication Union QUESTION 18/2 Strategy for migration of mobile networks to IMT-2000 and beyond ITU-D STUDY GROUP 2 RAPPORTEUR FOR QUESTION 18/2 IMT-2000 for developing countries” IMT-2000 “Mid-Term Guidelines (MTG) on the smooth transition of existing mobile networks to IMT-2000 for developing countries” “Mid-Term Guidelines (MTG) on the smooth transition of existing mobile networks to Guidelines (MTG) on the smooth transition of existing “Mid-Term QUESTION 18/2 International Telecommunication Printed in Switzerland Union Geneva, 2005 Photo credits: ITU Photo Library ITU-D THE STUDY GROUPS OF ITU-D The ITU-D Study Groups were set up in accordance with Resolutions 2 of the World Telecommunication Development Conference (WTDC) held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1994). For the period 2002-2006, Study Group 1 is entrusted with the study of seven Questions in the field of telecommunication development strategies and policies. Study Group 2 is entrusted with the study of eleven Questions in the field of development and management of telecommunication services and networks. For this period, in order to respond as quickly as possible to the concerns of developing countries, instead of being approved during the WTDC, the output of each Question is published as and when it is ready. For further information Please contact: Ms Fidélia AKPO Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) ITU Place des Nations CH-1211 GENEVA 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 5439 Fax: +41 22 730 5484 E-mail: [email protected] Placing orders for ITU publications Please note that orders cannot be taken over the telephone.
    [Show full text]
  • Transition to 4G. 3GPP Broadband Evolution to IMT-Advanced
    TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 4 BROADBAND TRENDS ................................................................................................ 6 Transition to 4G ...................................................................................................... 7 Wireless versus Wireline Advances ............................................................................. 9 Bandwidth Management Trends ............................................................................... 10 Mobile Broadband Cost and Capacity Trends .............................................................. 11 WIRELESS DATA MARKET ........................................................................................ 12 Market Trends ....................................................................................................... 12 EDGE/HSPA/HSPA+/LTE Deployment ........................................................................ 14 Statistics .............................................................................................................. 15 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION ..................................................................... 16 3GPP Evolutionary Approach ................................................................................... 16 Spectrum ............................................................................................................. 20 Core-Network Evolution .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • UMTS Vs LTE Coverage by Signal Level and Overlapping Zone A
    ISSN-4567-7860 JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONINS ENGINEERING UMTS vs LTE Coverage by signal level and overlapping zone A Comparative Study 1Marola Yousri Yousif Masood , 1(Communication Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Neelain University, Sudan) 3Dr. Ahmed Salah Abdallah 3(Sudan Open University ,Khartoum) 2Dr. Amin Babiker A/Nabi Mustafa 2(Communication Department, Faculty of Engineering Dean, Al-Neelain University, Sudan) pseudorandom code. The receiver undoes the randomization to collect the bits together and produce Abstract-- The purpose of this research is to compare the original data. As the codes are pseudorandom and between UMTS and LTE especially in coverage by selected in such a way as to cause minimal interferenceto signal level and overlapping zones . Mobile one another, multiple users can talk at the same time and communication technologies are aiming at responding to multiple cells can share the same frequency. This the growing demand for higher connectivity . In causes an added signal noise forcing all users to use telecommunication LTE (4G) is the fourth generation of more power, which in exchange decreases cell range mobile communication technology standards, it is a and battery life. successor of UMTS (3G), third generation standards. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Standards specify how airwaves must be used for Access (OFDMA) uses bundling of multiple small transmitting information (voice and data). All radio frequency bands that are orthogonal to one another to access technologies have to solve the same problems: to provide for separation of users. The users are divide the finite RF spectrum among multiple users as multiplexed in the frequency domain by allocating efficiently as possible.
    [Show full text]
  • 2.5G/3G Core Network Testing with G35: the Foundation of Packet Switched Connectivity and Reliable IMS Services
    2.5G/3G Core Network Testing with G35: The Foundation of Packet Switched Connectivity and Reliable IMS Services Abstract With the advent of broadband mobile networks like UMTS This whitepaper introduces some of the key procedures and service platforms like IMS, the interaction between needed to establish sessions in the packet-switched them both is leading to entirely new test challenges. 2.5G/3G core network, as well as at the service layer. Ensuring superior end-user Quality of Experience (QoE) is In this document, we will use IMS sessions as specific adequately supported by the underlying UMTS core and example. Related test challenges and how they can be access network infrastructure is just one of these new test addressed by using Tektronix’ G35 protocol test platform challenges being faced by Network Equipment are then highlighted. Finally, the impact of new services Manufacturers and service providers alike. such as Push-to-Talk over Cellular (PoC) and Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Services (MBMS) on the 2.5G/3G core network infrastructure are explained. White Paper I www.tektronix.com/G35 White Paper | 2.5G / 3G Core Network Testing with G35 Introduction The adoption of recently standardized UMTS R5 and R6 features like HSDPA and HSUPA is transforming mobile networks into real broadband communication systems. Declining voice revenues require carriers to seek out alternative sources of revenues by developing new services for their customers. The advent of IEEE 802.16e, commonly known as “Mobile WiMAX”, as alternative mobile broadband technology will reinforce this trend. With this new technology, competing service providers appear on the horizon, thereby enabling more and more end users to adopt and incorporate IP-based services into their daily lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Communication Using Satellites A* B Banita Chadha , Ankit Chadha
    Banita Chadha et al. /IJESM Vol.2, No.2 (2012) ISSN 2249 - 7366 International Journal of Engineering, Science and Metallurgy ijesm www.ijesm.com (General article) Global Communication using Satellites a* b Banita Chadha , Ankit Chadha aDepartment of Information and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala (Haryana) bDepartment of Management and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Management College, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala (Haryana) Received 19 April 2012; accepted 2 May 2012, Available online 1June 2012 Abstract Today the world is dominated by the two Mobile System (1) GSM (2)WLL .The architecture of both the system provides limited mobility. To overcome this and other such problems, Mobile communication-using satellite is being invented Global mobile satellite communications (GMSC) are specific satellite communication systems for maritime, land and aeronautical applications. It enables connections between moving objects such as ships, vehicles and aircrafts, and telecommunications subscribers through the medium of communications satellites, ground earth stations, PTT or other landline telecommunications providers. The basic architecture consist of satellite phone which directly transmits to the satellite orbiting above it .This satellite connect the user to the nearest Earth station also known as Hub. This hub is connected to the local network exchange mobile communication can also be done using GPS networks. Keywords: Protocols , Services , Multiple access schemes , GPRS core network 1. Introduction General packet radio service (GPRS) is a packet oriented mobile data service on the 2G and 3G cellular 1GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) is a packet based communication system's global system for mobile upgrade to the GSM networks.
    [Show full text]
  • IP Subnet Mobility Over General Packet Radio Service
    IP Subnet Mobility over General Packet Radio Service Mika Mizutani Christian Bonnet Hitachi Systems Development Laboratory Institut EURECOM 292 Yoshida-cho, Totsuka-ku 2229, route des Cretes BP 193 Yokohama 244-0817 Japan 06904 Sophia Antipolis Tel: (+81) 45 860 3078, Tel: (+33) 4 93 00 26 26 Fax: (+81) 45 860 1675 Fax: (+33) 4 93 00 26 27 [email protected] [email protected] Abstract: The growth of the mobile network system of which the cellular systems like Global System Mobile Communications (GSM) and Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) are representative and the IP network attracts worldwide attention. The IP network access through the mobile data network system is required strongly to use the useful IP services anytime and anywhere. Therefore on the mobile data network system such like General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), there has been the necessity for realizing the mobility over IP level. This paper focuses to combine the proprietary mobility management of GPRS and Mobile IP. In our proposal the mobile terminal only treats the GPRS mobility management and doesn’t recognize the location of IP level. The GPRS core network manages the movement between IP subnets using the information of the GPRS mobility management. One of the advantages is no additional control message on the radio I/F necessitated by the IP mobility. Keywords: GPRS, Mobile IP, Mobile data network 1. Introduction data network system is required and anticipated. As the infrastructures of the data service on the Currently, gathering information from the current mobile network system that provides the Internet and selecting the useful and necessary circuit-switched service has the following limitation.
    [Show full text]