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TAXON:Dendrobium Crumenatum Sw. SCORE:1.0 RATING:Low Risk

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TAXON: Dendrobium crumenatum SCORE: 1.0 RATING: Low Risk Sw. Taxon: Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. Family: Orchidaceae Common Name(s): dove orchid Synonym(s): Aporum crumenatum (Sw.) Brieger pigeon orchid Callista crumenata (Sw.) Kuntze Ceraia ephemera (J.J.Sm.) M.A.Clem. Dendrobium ephemerum (J.J.Sm.) EpidendrumJ.J.Sm. caninum Burm.f. Onychium crumenatum (Sw.) Blume Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 26 Jul 2018 WRA Score: 1.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Epiphytic Herb, Naturalized, Shade-Tolerant, Self-Incompatible, Wind-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed 305 Congeneric weed 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens Creation Date: 26 Jul 2018 (Dendrobium crumenatum Page 1 of 16 Sw.) TAXON: Dendrobium crumenatum SCORE: 1.0 RATING: Low Risk Sw. Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 n 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 >3 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 n growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 y 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 n 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 y Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 26 Jul 2018 (Dendrobium crumenatum Page 2 of 16 Sw.) TAXON: Dendrobium crumenatum SCORE: 1.0 RATING: Low Risk Sw. Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes [No evidence of domestication] "History: This plant was first formally described in Journal für die Botanik by Olof Peter Swartz in 1799. Wiart, C. (2012). Medicinal Plants of China, Korea, and Swartz ;ϭϳϲϬʹϭϴϭϴͿwas a Swedish botanist." ͙"Medicinal uses: In Japan: Bioresources for Tomorrow's Drugs and Cosmetics. Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, this plant is used to remove CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL impurities from the blood. In Malaysia, the plant is used to heal boils and the juice extracted from the pseudobulbs is used to assuage earache." Wu, Z. Y., Raven, P. H. & Hong, D. Y. eds. 2009. Flora of China. Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and No evidence of domestication Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2018. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2018. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes "Native Asia-Temperate USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. EASTERN ASIA: Taiwan 2018. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Asia-Tropical Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Sri Lanka [Accessed 25 Jul 2018] INDO-CHINA: Cambodia, India, [Andaman and Nicobar] Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines" 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. 2018. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. [Accessed 25 Jul 2018] 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) n Creation Date: 26 Jul 2018 (Dendrobium crumenatum Page 3 of 16 Sw.) TAXON: Dendrobium crumenatum SCORE: 1.0 RATING: Low Risk Sw. Qsn # Question Answer Source(s) Notes "Additionally two other species will be characterized as generalist species - Dendrobium crumenatum (orchid) and Pyrrosia pilloselloides (fern), both species showed relative wide vertical distributions, with Pyrrosia pilloselloides tending to the upper and Beeretz, L. (2015). Diversity of Vascular Epiphytes in Jungle Dendrobium crumenatum tending to the lower JZ zones" ͙ Rubber Along a Distance Gradient to Bukit Duabelas "Dendrobium crumenatum is known to grow from coastal areas to National Park in Sumatra (Indonesia). Master Thesis. forests and even in urban habitats (Leong & Wee, 2013). From University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Hawaii this orchid is even reported to be neophytic (Ackerman, 2012) and it was one of the first orchids recolonizing Krakatau after its eruption in 1883 (Partomihardjo, 1992). It can be assumed that Dendrobium crumenatum and Pyrrosia pilloselloides both have wide ecological amplitudes." Ram, A. T., Shamina, M., & Pradeep, A. K. (2015). "Growing in shady places on tree trunks in evergreen forest at an Dendrobium crumenatum (Orchidaceae): A new record elevation of 1250 m" for mainland India. Rheedea, 25(1), 69-71 "This lowland orchid (growing at ϬʹϱϬϬm) enjoys a large distribution Teoh, E. S. (2016). Medicinal Orchids of Asia. Springer, extending from India and southern China through the Malay Switzerland Archipelago to the Philippines." Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes "Dendrobium crumenatum ͙This species, which is native to Sri Frohlich, D. & Lau, A. 2010. New plant records from O͚ahu Lanka, Burma, Indochina, throughout Malesia and the Philippines to for 2008. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 107: 3-18 Taiwan, was found spreading in the notches of Plumeria and other trees on surveys of Nu͚ƵĂŶƵĂŶĚDĈŶŽĂsĂůůĞLJƐ͘Η "Native Asia-Temperate USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. EASTERN ASIA: Taiwan 2018. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Asia-Tropical Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Sri Lanka [Accessed 25 Jul 2018] INDO-CHINA: Cambodia, India, [Andaman and Nicobar] Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines" Does the species have a history of repeated 205 y introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes Wiart, C. (2012). Medicinal Plants of China, Korea, and Japan: Bioresources for Tomorrow's Drugs and Cosmetics. "It is grown as an ornamental plant." CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL Imada, C.T., Staples, G.W. & Herbst, D.R. 2005. Annotated Checklist of Cultivated Plants of Hawai͚i. "Locations: Foster Botanical Garden" http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/HBS/botany/cultivatedp lants/. [Accessed 26 Jul 2018] Creation Date: 26 Jul 2018 (Dendrobium crumenatum Page 4 of 16 Sw.) TAXON: Dendrobium crumenatum SCORE: 1.0 RATING: Low Risk Sw. Qsn # Question Answer PlantUse contributors. (2018). Dendrobium (PROSEA). PlantUse. http://uses.plantnet- "Of the Dendrobium species treated here, D. crumenatum , D. nobile project.org/en/Dendrobium_(PROSEA). [Accessed 26 Jul and D. purpureum are also cultivated as ornamentals in Europe." 2018] Ackerman, J. D. 2007. Invasive orchids: weeds we hate to "TABLE 1. Orchid species naturalized in Puerto Rico." [Dendrobium love. Lankesteriana, 7(1-2): 19-21 crumenatum naturalized] "This species, which is native to Sri Lanka, Burma, Indochina, Frohlich, D. & Lau, A. 2010. New plant records from O͚ahu throughout Malesia and the Philippines to Taiwan, was found for 2008. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 107: 3-18 spreading in the notches of Plumeria and other trees on surveys of Nu͚ƵĂŶƵĂŶĚDĈŶŽĂsĂůůĞLJƐ͘Η 301 Naturalized beyond native range y Source(s) Notes "Dendrobium crumenatum ͙This species, which is native to Sri Frohlich, D. & Lau, A. 2010. New plant records from O͚ahu Lanka, Burma, Indochina, throughout Malesia and the Philippines to for 2008. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 107: 3-18 Taiwan, was found spreading in the notches of Plumeria and other trees on surveys of Nu͚ƵĂŶƵĂŶĚDĈŶŽĂsĂůůĞLJƐ͘Η "Dendrobiums are perhaps the most commonly cultivated genus in Hawaii and have been for a long time.
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    biology Article Molecular Identification and Evaluation of the Genetic Diversity of Dendrobium Species Collected in Southern Vietnam 1, , 2, 2 2 Nhu-Hoa Nguyen * y, Huyen-Trang Vu y, Ngoc-Diep Le , Thanh-Diem Nguyen , Hoa-Xo Duong 3 and Hoang-Dung Tran 2,* 1 Faculty of Biology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 280 An Duong Vuong Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh 72711, Vietnam 2 Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh 72820, Vietnam; [email protected] (H.-T.V.); [email protected] (N.-D.L.); [email protected] (T.-D.N.) 3 Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City, 2374 Highway 1, Quarter 2, Ward Trung My Tay, District 12, Ho Chi Minh 71507, Vietnam; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (N.-H.N.); [email protected] (H.-D.T.) These authors contributed equally to the works. y Received: 15 March 2020; Accepted: 9 April 2020; Published: 10 April 2020 Abstract: Dendrobium has been widely used not only as ornamental plants but also as food and medicines. The identification and evaluation of the genetic diversity of Dendrobium species support the conservation of genetic resources of endemic Dendrobium species. Uniquely identifying Dendrobium species used as medicines helps avoid misuse of medicinal herbs. However, it is challenging to identify Dendrobium species morphologically during their immature stage. Based on the DNA barcoding method, it is now possible to efficiently identify species in a shorter time. In this study, the genetic diversity of 76 Dendrobium samples from Southern Vietnam was investigated based on the ITS (Internal transcribed spacer), ITS2, matK (Maturase_K), rbcL (ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit) and trnH-psbA (the internal space of the gene coding histidine transfer RNA (trnH) and gene coding protein D1, a polypeptide of the photosystem I reaction center (psaB)) regions.
  • Malaysian Limestone Orchids Status: Diversity, Threat and Conservation

    Malaysian Limestone Orchids Status: Diversity, Threat and Conservation

    Blumea 54, 2009: 109–116 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE doi:10.3767/000651909X474168 Malaysian limestone orchids status: diversity, threat and conservation G. Rusea1, M.Y.L. Lim1, S.N. Phoon2, W.S.Y. Yong2, C.H. Tang1, H.E. Khor1, J.O. Abdullah1, J. Abdullah3 Key words Abstract To date, a total of 288 species from 96 genera were identified from the limestone areas in Perlis and Padawan-Bau, Sarawak, of which many of these are restricted to limestone habitat and either endemic to Perlis or conservation to Sarawak. Knowledge and data obtained from the field observation over the past 8 years leads us to report that diversity at least 15 species endemic to limestone has become rare in the wild in Perlis, Bau and Padawan Sarawak. This limestone orchids was mainly attributed by: i) lack of emphasis by the government on understanding and protecting biodiversity in Malaysian this kind of habitat; ii) lack of scientists willing to do research in dangerous and disaster prone limestone habitat; threat and iii) lack of knowledge and awareness among local communities on the importance of conserving and utilizing their natural resources in a sustainable manner. Published on 30 October 2009 INTRODUCTION Material AND METHODS Orchids are the largest flowering plant family in Malaysia In both areas limestone hills and some adjacent landscape (including Sabah and Sarawak) with about 2 000 species, of features were selected for this survey (Table 1). In Sarawak, two which 700 are recorded from limestone. Threats to orchids on rivers were included that flow through the limestone hills and limestone include small-scale logging (extracting timber by valleys.