DOCSLIB.ORG

Synthetic Seeds of Endangered Medicinal Orchid Species, Dendrobium Crumenatum Sw

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Synthetic Seeds of Endangered Medicinal Orchid Species, Dendrobium Crumenatum Sw Volume 6 Number 1, January 2018 Synthetic Seeds of Endangered Medicinal Orchid Species, Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. Sutha Klaocheed1and Suphat Rittirat2 1Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani campus, 2Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University, Thailand. ABSTRACT exchanges among countries in the floriculture trade. In this study, this Climate change and anthropogenic pressure severely method was used to study the bead threaten plant genetic diversity formations and the conversion worldwide. Numerous species are capabilities of D. crumenatum Sw. For synthetic seed, the superior gel matrix described as rare or endangered, and integrated programs are required to for encapsulation of D. crumenatum protect and preserve current Sw. was obtained using 3 % (w/v) biodiversity. Ex situ conservation sodium-alginate and 100 mM calcium methods played an important role in chloride for 30 minutes. Successful storage of capsules, until 105 days, the conservation of threatened plants. o The main methods used in ex situ was achieved at 8 ± 2 C with conservation are maintenance of conversion frequency of 50.0 % when living plants through cultivation, in culture on MS medium supplemented vitro conservation and encapsulation. with 0.2 % (w/v) activated charcoal An in vitro plant regeneration protocol (AC). Well-rooted plantlets derived was successfully established for from capsules were acclimatized in threatened medicinal species, the greenhouse with 95 % survival Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. by rate. The regeneration protocol culturing axillary buds. Protocorm- developed in this study provides a like bodies (PLBs) of D. crumenatum basis for ex-situ germplasm Sw. can be induced from callus conservation of medicinal importance segments cultured on MS (Murashige present in D. crumenatum Sw. and Skoog, 1962) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l Thidiazuron (TDZ). The synthetic seed technology is becoming popular due to its wide application in germplasm conservation and for 127 Volume 6 Number 1, January 2018 KEYWORDS Dixon, 2008; Swarts and Dixon, Dendrobium Crumenatum, Germ- 2009). Although many commercial plasm Conservation, Micro- propagation, PLB, Synthetic Seed, Dendrobium hybrids are propagated Orchid using clonal procedures, asymbiotic seed propagation in Dendrobium has major importance for the conservation and propagation of wild species INTRODUCTION because of loss of habitats and The genus Dendrobium s.l. overexploitation due to agriculture, (Epidendroideae) has in excess of urbanization, over collection and 1,100 species of epiphytic orchids medicinal uses. Dendrobium orchids with a wide distribution from Central are commonly used in traditional Asia throughout Australasia medicine and many wild populations, (Kamemoto et al., 1999; Kumar et al., for example, of Dendrobium 2011). This genus is one of the largest crumenatum Sw., has become among the Orchidaceae, the largest drastically reduced due to over- family of angiosperms (Dressler, exploitation. 2005; Fay and Chase, 2009). Species D. crumenatum Sw., com- within the Dendrobium genus are monly called pigeon orchid, is a highly prized ornamental assets, member of the family Orchidaceae. It primarily as potted plants with showy is native to India, Indochina, Taiwan, flowers that tend to have a long vase Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, life (Vendrame et al., 2008). But the New Guinea, and Christmas Island. It most important aspect of many orchid is reportedly naturalized in Fiji, species, including Dendrobium Hawaii, the West Indies and the species, is their medicinal and Seychelles. It grows in many localities pharmaceutical value, particularly from full sun to deep shade. D. Dendrobium crumenatum Sw., which crumenatum Sw. produces upright, is abundantly used in traditional sympodial, pseudobulbs that are medicine. swollen at the first 3 or 4 bottom To counter exploitation from nodes. The middle portion carries the wild resources, and to bolster leaves of 7 cm long and 2 cm wide that production of clonal material, are very leathery. Top portion of the biotechnology-specifically micro- pseudobulbs carries the flowers of propagation (Teixeira da Silva et al., about 2.5 cm and of pure white, with 2015), cryopreservation and low- yellow markings on the labellum temperature preservation (Teixeira da (Figure 1). The bloom cycle is Silva et al., 2014)-serves as an triggered 9 days after a sudden drop in important tool for propagation and temperature (at least 5.5°C or 10°F), preservation purposes (Roberts and usually as a result of rain, although the same effect can be artificially created. 128 Volume 6 Number 1, January 2018 D. crumenatum Sw. flowers are THE RESEARCH OBJECTIVES fragrant, but the scent lasts only for one day. The goal of this study was to The encapsulation technique evaluate the effects of different for creating synthetic seeds is an storage temperatures and time on important application for in vitro conversion of encapsulated culture. Synthetic seeds have been protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of defined as artificially encapsulated Dendrobium crumenatum Sw., a somatic embryos or non-embryogenic highly commercially important and in vitro-derived propagules and are threatened medicinal orchid. used for sowing under in vitro or ex vitro condition (Murashige, 1977; Aitkens-Christie et al., 1995; RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Standardi and Piccioni, 1998). Plant materials and surface Synthetic seed technology combines sterilization the advantages of clonal propagation Main shoots of Dendrobium with those of seed propagation (i.e., crumenatum Sw. (15-25 cm long) storability, easy to handle and were harvested from plants grown in transport, protection against diseases greenhouse at Faculty of Science and and pests). The most recent Technology, Nakhon Si Thammarat application foresees the use of Rajabhat University. The stalks were synthetic seeds in medium and long- cut into the nodal segments each term storage. To date, there are only a holding one axillary bud. These nodal few reports on micropropagation of D. segments (about 3-4 cm in length) crumenatum Sw. No investigation has were first washed with tap water and a so far been conducted on synthetic few drop of detergent (Teepol), and seed production in this plant. then rinsed with water 2-3 times. After Therefore, the current study is meant removing their sheaths, they were to optimize protocol for synthetic seed surface sterilized with 20 % Clorox® production from D. crumenatum Sw. (5.25 % sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl) containing 1-2 drops of Tween-20 for Problem 20 minutes. The series of Clorox® Climate change and anthro- (5.25 % sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl) pogenic pressure severely threaten percentage were used as 10 %, 5 % for plant genetic diversity worldwide. 10 and 5 minutes, respectively. Finally Numerous species are described as the excised buds were washed with rare or endangered, and integrated sterile distilled water 2-3 times and programs are required to protect and cultured on MS (Murashige and preserve current biodiversity. Ex situ Skoog, 1962) medium supplemented conservation methods played an with 3 % (w/v) sucrose to promote bud important role in the conservation of growth. The 4-week-old buds growing threatened plants. 129 Volume 6 Number 1, January 2018 on MS medium were transferred to Pasteur pipette into 100 mM calcium MS medium supplemented with 3 % chloride (CaCl2.2H2O) solution. The (w/v) sucrose, combination of 1.0 droplets containing a PLB were then mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA, 0.2 % allowed to polymerize for 30 minutes (w/v) peptone and 0.2 % (w/v) to harden the alginate beads. The activated charcoal (AC) at pH 5.7 to resulting beads (7 - 8 mm in diameter) initiate callus. The callus proliferation were washed in sterile distilled water was observed after one month of for 3 times to remove the traces of culture. These calli were then CaCl2.2H2O and transferred to sterile transferred to the same medium. The filter paper in Petri dishes for 5 subculture monthly was recom- minutes under a laminar air-flow mended to produce more totipotent cabinet to eliminate the excess of calli than the subsequent experiment. water. For protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) The encapsulated PLBs were formation, shoot buds-derived calli at then placed in sterile Petri dishes (ten 1 month of culture from previous step beads/plate), sealed with parafilm and (MS medium supplemented with 3 % in different shelves of a refrigerator at (w/v) sucrose, combination of 1.0 temperature of 4 ± 2°C, mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA, 0.2 % 8 ± 2°C and 25 ± 2°C to be stored for (w/v) peptone and 0.2 % (w/v) AC) 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 were transferred to MS medium days. The Petri dishes were incubated supplemented with 0.5 mg/l under dark conditions. About 30 beads Thidiazuron (TDZ) for 60 days of from each set stored in each culture. temperature regime were taken out and cultured on MS medium Effects of different storage supplemented with 3 % (w/v) sucrose conditions and intervals on their with 0.2 % (w/v) activated charcoal conversion ability of Dendrobium (AC) every 15 days. The encapsulated crumenatum Sw. PLBs grew out in the medium Individual protocorm-like rupturing the beads and were bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium maintained there for a development crumenatum Sw. derived from MS into complete plantlets. The frequency medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of conversion (%) was recorded every TDZ for 60 days of culture was dipped 15 days of culture. and drenched in 3 % (w/v) sodium- The culture
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Diversity of Wild Orchids in the Southern Slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Eight Years After the 2010 Eruption
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 21, Number 9, September 2020 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 4457-4465 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210964 The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption FEBRI YUDA KURNIAWAN1,2,♥, FAUZANA PUTRI2,3, AHMAD SUYOKO2,3, HIMAWAN MASYHURI2,3, MAYA PURQI SULISTIANINGRUM2,3, ENDANG SEMIARTI3,♥♥ 1Postgraduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Tel./fax. +62-274-544975, email: [email protected] 2Biology Orchid Study Club (BiOSC), Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 3Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Tel./fax.: +62-274-580839, email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 21 August 2020. Revision accepted: 31 August 2020. Abstract. Kurniawan FY, Putri F, Suyoko A, Masyhuri H, Sulistianingrum MP, Semiarti E. 2020. The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption. Biodiversitas 21: 4457-4465. The ecosystem of the slopes of Mount Merapi is mountain tropical forest which is frequently affected by volcanic activities. The dynamics of the volcano affect the diversity and abundance of orchids in the ecosystem. Tritis is an area included in the Turgo Hill of the southern slope of Mount Merapi and is under the management of Mount Merapi National Park. The ecosystem in Tritis area classified as lower mountain forest and it has been affected by Mount Merapi eruption. This study aimed to do an inventory of orchid species in Tritis to know the diversity and abundance of orchids that exist in this area.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Epiphytic Medicinal Plants As Sources of Therapeutic Agents: Their Ethnopharmacological Uses, Chemical Composition, and Biological Activities
    biomolecules Review Vascular Epiphytic Medicinal Plants as Sources of Therapeutic Agents: Their Ethnopharmacological Uses, Chemical Composition, and Biological Activities Ari Satia Nugraha 1,* , Bawon Triatmoko 1 , Phurpa Wangchuk 2 and Paul A. Keller 3,* 1 Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember, Jember, Jawa Timur 68121, Indonesia; [email protected] 2 Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia; [email protected] 3 School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.S.N.); [email protected] (P.A.K.); Tel.: +62-3-3132-4736 (A.S.N.); +61-2-4221-4692 (P.A.K.) Received: 17 December 2019; Accepted: 21 January 2020; Published: 24 January 2020 Abstract: This is an extensive review on epiphytic plants that have been used traditionally as medicines. It provides information on 185 epiphytes and their traditional medicinal uses, regions where Indigenous people use the plants, parts of the plants used as medicines and their preparation, and their reported phytochemical properties and pharmacological properties aligned with their traditional uses. These epiphytic medicinal plants are able to produce a range of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, and a total of 842 phytochemicals have been identified to date. As many as 71 epiphytic medicinal plants were studied for their biological activities, showing promising pharmacological activities, including as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents. There are several species that were not investigated for their activities and are worthy of exploration.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of CITES Appendices I and II Plant Species from Lao PDR
    A Review of CITES Appendices I and II Plant Species From Lao PDR A report for IUCN Lao PDR by Philip Thomas, Mark Newman Bouakhaykhone Svengsuksa & Sounthone Ketphanh June 2006 A Review of CITES Appendices I and II Plant Species From Lao PDR A report for IUCN Lao PDR by Philip Thomas1 Dr Mark Newman1 Dr Bouakhaykhone Svengsuksa2 Mr Sounthone Ketphanh3 1 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 2 National University of Lao PDR 3 Forest Research Center, National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute, Lao PDR Supported by Darwin Initiative for the Survival of the Species Project 163-13-007 Cover illustration: Orchids and Cycads for sale near Gnommalat, Khammouane Province, Lao PDR, May 2006 (photo courtesy of Darwin Initiative) CONTENTS Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations used in this report Acknowledgements Summary _________________________________________________________________________ 1 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) - background ____________________________________________________________________ 1 Lao PDR and CITES ____________________________________________________________ 1 Review of Plant Species Listed Under CITES Appendix I and II ____________ 1 Results of the Review_______________________________________________________ 1 Comments _____________________________________________________________________ 3 1. CITES Listed Plants in Lao PDR ______________________________________________ 5 1.1 An Introduction to CITES and Appendices I, II and III_________________ 5 1.2 Current State of Knowledge of the
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysian Limestone Orchids Status: Diversity, Threat and Conservation
    Blumea 54, 2009: 109–116 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE doi:10.3767/000651909X474168 Malaysian limestone orchids status: diversity, threat and conservation G. Rusea1, M.Y.L. Lim1, S.N. Phoon2, W.S.Y. Yong2, C.H. Tang1, H.E. Khor1, J.O. Abdullah1, J. Abdullah3 Key words Abstract To date, a total of 288 species from 96 genera were identified from the limestone areas in Perlis and Padawan-Bau, Sarawak, of which many of these are restricted to limestone habitat and either endemic to Perlis or conservation to Sarawak. Knowledge and data obtained from the field observation over the past 8 years leads us to report that diversity at least 15 species endemic to limestone has become rare in the wild in Perlis, Bau and Padawan Sarawak. This limestone orchids was mainly attributed by: i) lack of emphasis by the government on understanding and protecting biodiversity in Malaysian this kind of habitat; ii) lack of scientists willing to do research in dangerous and disaster prone limestone habitat; threat and iii) lack of knowledge and awareness among local communities on the importance of conserving and utilizing their natural resources in a sustainable manner. Published on 30 October 2009 INTRODUCTION Material AND METHODS Orchids are the largest flowering plant family in Malaysia In both areas limestone hills and some adjacent landscape (including Sabah and Sarawak) with about 2 000 species, of features were selected for this survey (Table 1). In Sarawak, two which 700 are recorded from limestone. Threats to orchids on rivers were included that flow through the limestone hills and limestone include small-scale logging (extracting timber by valleys.
    [Show full text]
  • PHES12 343-403.Pdf
    343 Insects Associated with Orchids By O. H. SWEZEY Consulting Entomologist Experiment Station, H.S.P.A., Honolulu CONTENTS PAGE PAGE Introduction --- ••— 344 Heteroptera " - ----- 367 Coleoptera apparently attached Miridae (Plant bugs attached- . to orchids) 367 to orchids Curculionidae :: 345 Miscellaneous bugs intercepted Orchid weevils in Hawaii.... 345 on orchids 368 Orchid weevils known else Cydnidae 368 where than in Hawaii 349 Pentatomidae 3t>9 Scolytidae 352 Coreidae 369 Mordellistenidae 3W Lygaeidae - --- 370 Cerambycidae 354 Pyrrhocondae o/i Hispidae 354 Tingitidae 371 Chrysomelidae 355 - Aradidae : 3J2 List of Intercepted beetles 355 Miridae - -372 Chrysomelidae 355 Homoptera *. *'* Tenebrionidae 356 Aphididae - 372 Aleurodidae' .: * 3/6 Cucujidae - - - 357 Psyllidae 374 Trixagidae - M ' Lampyridae &» Membracidae - ^ Elateridae - - ^/ Coccidae r -;—- 3/4 List of scale insects for which Dermestidae 358 Lyctidae 358 orchids are the sole or Colidiidae 358 chief food plant 374 Anthribidae 358 List of scale insects having diverse food plants, in Hydrophilidae —• 358 cluding orchids -- 382 Scaphydiidae 358 Ptinidae 358 Orthoptera - -- 390 Melandryidae ^° Tettigoniidae ^ Coccinellidae - 358 Locustidae 392 Scarabaeidae ......— - 359 Gryllidae '- : 392 Endomychidae -• 359 Phasmidae I - 392 Scolytidae 359 Dermaptera - 392 Hymenoptera • 359 Roaches - —- 393 Eurytomidae - 6^/ Thysanoptera 393 Xylocopidae 360 Thrips described from orchids.. 393 Formicidae - ^ Thrips incidentally on orchids Lepidoptera - 362 or intercepted on imported Lycaenidae &£ orchids - 395 Castniidae • 362 Embioptera - - 396 Geometridae 364 Limacodidae ^4 Isoptera 397 Lithosiadae 364 Collembola - - 397 Liparidae 365 Insects which pollinate orchids.. 397 Plusiadae ; 365 Butterflies 398 Psychidae - 3o5 Moths 398 Pyralidae - 365 Bees 399 Tortricidae ^ Stinging ants y\ Cosmopterygidae 366 Wasps - ■■■■■ 401 Acrolophidae Flies ■ ■ 401 366 Diptera Diptera (undetermined) 402 Cecidomyiidae 366 Beetles - - 402 Tephritidae - 367 Thrips 402 Anthomyiidae 60/ Proc.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of Orchids' Diversity in Penang Hill, Penang, Malaysia After
    Biodivers Conserv (2011) 20:2263–2272 DOI 10.1007/s10531-011-0087-z ORIGINAL PAPER An assessment of orchids’ diversity in Penang Hill, Penang, Malaysia after 115 years Rusea Go • Khor Hong Eng • Muskhazli Mustafa • Janna Ong Abdullah • Ahmad Ainuddin Naruddin • Nam Sook Lee • Chang Shook Lee • Sang Mi Eum • Kwang-Woo Park • Kyung Choi Received: 22 September 2010 / Accepted: 3 June 2011 / Published online: 12 June 2011 Ó The Author(s) 2011. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract A comprehensive study on the orchid diversity in Penang Hill, Penang, Malaysia was conducted from 2004 to 2008 with the objective to evaluate the presence of orchid species listed by Curtis (J Strait Br R Asiat Soc 25:67–173, 1894) after more than 100 years. A total of 85 species were identified during this study, of which 52 are epiphytic or lithophytic and 33 are terrestrial orchids. This study identified 57 species or 64.8% were the same as those recorded by Curtis (1894), and 78 species or 66.1% of Turner’s (Gar- dens’ Bull Singap 47(2):599–620, 1995) checklist of 118 species for the state of Penang including 18 species which were not recorded by Curtis (1894) and the current study but are actually collected from Penang Hill. A comparison table of the current findings against Curtis (1894) and Turner (1995) is provided which shows only 56 species were the same in all three studies. The preferred account for comparison was Curtis’ (1894) list as his report was specifically for the areas around Penang Island especially Penang Hill, Georgetown and Ayer Itam areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships of Selected Sri Lankan Orchids Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Sequence Analysis
    ISSN (Online): 2349 -1183; ISSN (Print): 2349 -9265 TROPICAL PLANT RESEARCH 7(1): 76–85, 2020 The Journal of the Society for Tropical Plant Research DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i1.011 Research article Phylogenetic relationships of selected Sri Lankan Orchids based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequence analysis P. M. H. Sandamali1, 4, S. P. Senanayake2* and Sanath Rajapakse3, 4 1Floriculture Research Center, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka 2Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka 3Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka 4 Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka *Corresponding Author: [email protected] [Accepted: 07 March 2020] Abstract: Orchidaceae is a widespread plant family and Sri Lankan orchid flora represents 188 species belonging to 78 genera, including 01 endemic genus (Adrorhizon) and 55 endemic species. The main aim of the present research was to characterize selected species of genera Dendrobium and Bulbophyllum in Sri Lanka with respect to their ITS sequence data and to derive phylogenetic relationships. Modified CTAB protocol was followed for DNA extractions and ITS region was amplified using the primer sets of 17SE and 26SE and phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the available ITS sequences of the Asian species of Dendrobium and Bulbophyllum by MEGA7 software package. Genetic variation and relationships of six Sri Lankan orchid species; Dendrobium aphyllum, D. crumenatum, D. nutantiflorum endemic species of Bulbophyllum elliae, B. trimenii and Eria bicolor were determined using ITS sequencing. Findings of the analysis conclude, suitability of ITS sequencing as a molecular marker for deriving phylogenetic relationships of genera Dendrobium and Bulbophyllum with Eria as the out group.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancestral State Reconstruction of the Mycorrhizal Association for the Last Common Ancestor of Embryophyta, Given the Different Phylogenetic Constraints
    Supplementary information Supplementary Figures Figure S1 | Ancestral state reconstruction of the mycorrhizal association for the last common ancestor of Embryophyta, given the different phylogenetic constraints. Pie charts show the likelihood of the ancestral states for the MRCA of Embryophyta for each phylogenetic hypothesis shown below. Letters represent mycorrhizal associations: (A) Ascomycota; (B) Basidiomycota; (G) Glomeromycotina; (M) Mucoromycotina; (-) Non-mycorrhizal. Combinations of letters represent a combination of mycorrhizal associations. Austrocedrus chilensis Chamaecyparis obtusa Sequoiadendron giganteum Prumnopitys taxifolia Prumnopitys Prumnopitys montana Prumnopitys Prumnopitys ferruginea Prumnopitys Araucaria angustifolia Araucaria Dacrycarpus dacrydioides Dacrycarpus Taxus baccata Podocarpus oleifolius Podocarpus Afrocarpus falcatus Afrocarpus Ephedra fragilis Nymphaea alba Nymphaea Gnetum gnemon Abies alba Abies balsamea Austrobaileya scandens Austrobaileya Abies nordmanniana Thalictrum minus Thalictrum Abies homolepis Caltha palustris Caltha Abies magnifica ia repens Ranunculus Abies religiosa Ranunculus montanus Ranunculus Clematis vitalba Clematis Keteleeria davidiana Anemone patens Anemone Tsuga canadensis Vitis vinifera Vitis Tsuga mertensiana Saxifraga oppositifolia Saxifraga Larix decidua Hypericum maculatum Hypericum Larix gmelinii Phyllanthus calycinus Phyllanthus Larix kaempferi Hieronyma oblonga Hieronyma Pseudotsuga menziesii Salix reinii Salix Picea abies Salix polaris Salix Picea crassifolia Salix herbacea
    [Show full text]
  • IDENTIFICATION and MODE of SYMBIOSIS for MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI and EPIPHYTIC ORCHID, Dendrobium Crumenatum
    IDENTIFICATION AND MODE OF SYMBIOSIS FOR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND EPIPHYTIC ORCHID, Dendrobium crumenatum JALILAH BINTI RAPIE UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA 2016 IDENTIFICATION AND MODE OF SYMBIOSIS FOR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND EPIPHYTIC ORCHID, Dendrobium crumenatum by JALILAH BINTI RAPIE Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Sciences March 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of Allah S.W.T, The Most Gracious, The Most Merciful Assalamualaikum W.B.T, Alhamdulillah, On behalf of myself, Jalilah binti Rapie, I want to express my thanks to Allah S.W.T in the first place for giving me the will and the strength to face the hardship upon the completion of this Master’s project. There are numbers of people that I would like to thank for their contributions to the completion of this final year project. First expression of my gratitude’s and my highest appreciation is to my supervisor Assc. Prof. Dr. Hideyuki Dhaakirullah Nagao for his constructive criticisms, suggestions, guidance and opinions in doing and finishing this Master’s project. Throughout conducting this project, he gave me a lot of new knowledge and experience. Special thanks are owed to my friends, whom are under the same supervisor and did their Master’s project in the same laboratory. Without their co-operation and help, I would not have been able to do Master’s project completely. To all staffs of School of Biological Sciences, I sincerely thank all of you for showing the chores and other things that related to my project. Last but not least, my greatest appreciation is owed to my parents Encik Rapie bin Famri and Puan Fatimah binti Abas for giving me the encouragement and support during doing and finishing this Master’s project.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 21, Number 5, May 2020 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 2244-2250 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210554 Orchid exploration in Tanjung Peropa Wildlife Reserves for Kendari Botanic Gardens collection, Indonesia SRI HARTINI, POPI APRILIANTI Research Center for Plant Conservation and Botanic Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Jl. Ir. H. Juanda 13, Bogor 16122, West Java, Indonesia. Tel./fax.: +62-251-8322187, email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 14 January 2019. Revision accepted: 27 April 2020. Abstract. Hartini S, Aprilianti P. 2020. Orchid exploration in Tanjung Peropa Wildlife Reserves for Kendari Botanic Gardens collection, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2244-2250. Tanjung Peropa Wildlife Reserve (Tanjung Peropa WR) is one of the conservation area in Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The inventory of orchid in this area is still limited and Kendari Botanic Garden (Kendari BG) need to collect the orchids from this location. Orchid diversity inventory and exploration had been carried out on March 26- April 12, 2019, in Tanjung Peropa WR and collecting them as an ex-situ conservation effort in order to enrich Kendari BG plant collection. The specimen was collected by using explorative method at 5 locations in Tanjung Peropa WR. The result showed that there were 10 epiphytic orchids found of Aerides, Cymbidium, Dendrobium, Grammatophyllum, Liparis, Pomatocalpa, and Thrixspermum. Also, there were 5 terrestrial orchids of Corymborkis, Eulophia, Nervilia, Phaius, and Tropidia. The orchid species were found in the area between 25-110 m above sea level (asl), with temperature 27-31°C, humidity 75-80%, soil acidity 5.0-6.0, soil humidity 80-90%, and canopy dense between 60-80%.
    [Show full text]
  • Present and Future Distribution of Two Non-Indigenous Orchids and Their Acquired Enemy in Puerto Rico
    Present and Future Distribution of Two Non-Indigenous Orchids and Their Acquired Enemy in Puerto Rico Evan A. Foster ( [email protected] ) Colorado College https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1311-378X James Ackerman University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras: Universidad de Puerto Rico Recinto de Rio Piedras Research Article Keywords: Maxent, Orchidaceae, herbivory, climate change, biotic resistance, island invasion Posted Date: February 23rd, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-220086/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published at Biological Invasions on July 12th, 2021. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02596-3. Page 1/18 Abstract Establishment of new populations is contingent on overcoming abiotic and biotic barriers. While this applies to all species, these hurdles are at the forefront of invasion biology where prediction, prevention, eradication, and control strategies depend on an understanding of these processes. Arundina graminifolia and Dendrobium crumenatum are two non-indigenous orchids spreading throughout Puerto Rico. The two species have acquired a native herbivore & seed predator, the orchid-specialist weevil, Stethobaris polita. With recently acquired presence records of the three species, land cover data and BioClim variables, we modeled their potential distributions under current conditions and also those projected under the least and most extreme climate scenarios for 2050 and 2070. We show that D. crumenatum ourishes in urban environments which also provide refugia from S. polita, whereas there is currently limited refugia for A.
    [Show full text]
  • ORCHIDACEAE 2 Glossary of Botanical Terms Used in The
    2 ORCHIDACEAE Glossary of botanical terms used in the Orchidaceae Within the definitions, italics indicate terms that are defined in this glossary. Adapted from the glossary in Pridgeon, A. M. et al. (eds.). 1999–. Genera Orchidacearum, 1–. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. adventitious – applied to roots that do not rise from the radicle but from epigeal, epigeous – see terrestrial. the stem, etc.; also applied to embryolike structures in a seed that epilithic – see lithophytic. arise from outside the true embryo and often abort. epiphyte (adjective epiphytic) – a plant growing on another plant as its androclinium – see clinandrium. substrate, but not parasitic. anther bed – see clinandrium. equitant – 2-ranked conduplicate leaves or bracts with overlapping, anther canal – narrow basal part of anther enclosing the caudicle. clasping bases. anther cap – a lid formed from the dry outer wall of an anther. foliage leaf – an ordinary, fully developed, and functioning leaf. aseptate – without a septum. gynandrium, gynostemium – see column. auricle – a small lobe or ear, applied to the lip; also a small lateral out- gullet – interior of a conical orchid flower, which the pollinator enters, growth on the anther. as in most species of Dendrobium. autotroph (adjective autotrophic) – a plant that produces its own hamulus – a type of stipe representing the recurved apex of the ros- nutrition by means of photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll and tellum. hence green. heteranthous – flowering from special shoots that do not produce pseu- bract – a frequently leaflike organ (often very reduced or absent) sub- dobulbs or foliage leaves. tending a flower, inflorescence, or partial inflorescence in its axil, heteromycotroph (adjective heteromycotrophic) – a plant that is a sometimes brightly colored.
    [Show full text]