DOCSLIB.ORG

Final Compiled Body of Work in Field Epidemiology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Final Compiled Body of Work in Field Epidemiology Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology By Serawit Elias Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment for the degree of Master of Public Health in Field Epidemiology June/2017 Addis Ababa Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology By Serawit Elias Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment for the degree of Master of Public Health in Field Epidemiology Mentors: Professor, Alemayehu Werku (PhD) Yeshitila Mogessie (BSc, Mph) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology [email protected] Page ii Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology By Serawit Elias Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment for the degree of Master of Public Health in Field Epidemiology Approved by Examining Board ______________________________________ ___________________________ Chairman, School Graduate Committee ______________________________________ ___________________________ Mentors ______________________________________ __________________________ Examiner1 _______________________________________ __________________________ Examiner2 Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology [email protected] Page iii Acknowledgements I am very grateful for Professor Alemayehu Werku, Lecturer, Addis Ababa university, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health and M/r Yeshitila Mogessie, Public Health Emergency Management (PHEM) officer, Southern Nation, Nationalities and People’s Region (SNNPR) Health Bureau for their invaluable support in the development of this document and they have played a good mentorship role. Secondly, my gratitude goes to M/r Endashaw Shibiru, Regional Health Bureau Public health emergency management core process owner for his supervisory role and facilitation of field activities by availing logistics including financial resources. Thirdly, I would like to thank my colleagues, cohort 7 field epidemiology training program residents who were assigned with me in Hawassa field base for their suggestions throughout residency. Specially, Degu Belachew and Abriham Lere need appreciation for their hard work in the field as coinvestigators of outbreaks. Finally, I would like to thank wholeheartedly the following individuals and institutions that have directly or indirectly involved in the process. Without them this body of work won’t be meaningful. Zonal and Woreda level PHEM officers, IDSR focal persons, data collectors, health centers, primary hospitals, health offices, SNNPR Health Bureau, Addis Ababa university school of public health, Ethiopian Public Health Association, CDC and Ministry of Health. Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology [email protected] Page iv Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... v List of tables .................................................................................................................................................. 1 List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... 2 List of Annexes ............................................................................................................................................. 4 List of abbreviations and acronyms .............................................................................................................. 5 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 1: Outbreak/Epidemic Investigations ............................................................................................ 10 1.1 Investigation of scabies outbreak in Halaba special woreda, SNNPR, October/2016 ...................... 11 1.1.1 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 11 1.1.2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 12 1.1.3 Objectives .................................................................................................................................. 14 1.1.4 Material and Methods ................................................................................................................ 15 1.1.5 Results ........................................................................................................................................ 19 1.1.6 Discussion .................................................................................................................................. 25 1.1.7 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................ 27 1.1.8 Recommendations ...................................................................................................................... 27 1.1.9 References .................................................................................................................................. 28 1.2 Rubella outbreak investigation Chena district, Keffa zone, SNNPR, March/2016 .......................... 29 1.2.1 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 29 1.2.2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 30 1.2.3 Objectives .................................................................................................................................. 32 1.2.4 Methods ...................................................................................................................................... 32 1.2.5 Result ......................................................................................................................................... 35 1.2.6 Discussion .................................................................................................................................. 38 1.2.6 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 39 1.2.7 Recommendation ....................................................................................................................... 39 1.2.8 References .................................................................................................................................. 40 Chapter 2: Surveillance Data Analysis Report ........................................................................................... 41 2.1 Report of 5 year’s (2011-2015) Surveillance Data Analysis on Malnutrition, SNNPR, Nov/2016 . 42 2.1.1 Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... 42 2.1.2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 43 2.1.3 Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 45 Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology [email protected] Page v 2.1.4 Methods and materials ................................................................................................................... 45 2.1.5 Result ............................................................................................................................................. 46 2.1.6 Discussion ...................................................................................................................................... 54 2.1.7 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 55 2.1.8 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................... 56 2.1.9 References ...................................................................................................................................... 57 Chapter 3: Evaluation of Surveillance System............................................................................................ 58 3.1 Report of Typhoid Fever Surveillance System Evaluation, Gedeo Zone, SNNPR, March/2017 ..... 59 3.1.1 Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 59 3.1.2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 60 3.1.3 Description of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Districts of Ethiopia
    Region District or Woredas Zone Remarks Afar Region Argobba Special Woreda -- Independent district/woredas Afar Region Afambo Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Asayita Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Chifra Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Dubti Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Elidar Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Kori Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Mille Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Abala Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Afdera Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Berhale Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Dallol Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Erebti Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Koneba Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Megale Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Amibara Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Awash Fentale Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Bure Mudaytu Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Dulecha Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Gewane Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Aura Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Ewa Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Gulina Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Teru Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Yalo Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Dalifage (formerly known as Artuma) Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Dewe Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Hadele Ele (formerly known as Fursi) Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Simurobi Gele'alo Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Telalak Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Amhara Region Achefer -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Angolalla Terana Asagirt -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Artuma Fursina Jile -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Banja -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Belessa --
    [Show full text]
  • New Intestinal Schistosomiasis Transmission Foci and Soil
    New Intestinal Schistosomiasis Transmission Foci and Soil-transmitted Helminths Infection After Five Years of Preventive Chemotherapy and Associated Risk Factors Among School-aged Children in Two Districts in Southern Ethiopia Zerihun Zerdo ( [email protected] ) Arba Minch University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6509-4672 Hilde Bastiaens University of Antwerp Drie Eiken Campus: Universiteit Antwerpen Campus Drie Eiken Sibyl Anthierens University of Antwerp Drie Eiken Campus: Universiteit Antwerpen Campus Drie Eiken Fekadu Massebo Arba Minch University Matewos Masne Arba Minch University Gelila Biresaw Arba Minch University Misgun Shewangizaw Arba Minch University Abayneh Tunje Arba Minch University Yilma Chisha Arba Minch University Tsegaye Yohannes Arba Minch University Jean-Pierre Van geertruyden University of Antwerp Drie Eiken Campus: Universiteit Antwerpen Campus Drie Eiken Research Article Keywords: new foci, Intestinal Schistosomiasis, Soil-Transmitted Helmenthiasis, factors, SAC, Southern Ethiopia Page 1/27 Posted Date: December 3rd, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-118298/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 2/27 Abstract Background: Preventive chemotherapy (PC), is the main elimination strategy against Soil-Tansmitted Helmenthiasis (STH) and Schistosomiasis (SCH) recommended by the world health organization (WHO), should be strengthened through identication of the remaining SCH transmission foci and evaluating its impact to get lesson. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of STH/SCH infections, intensity of infections and associated factors among School Age Children (SAC) in two districts, previously not known to be endemic for SCH in Southern Ethiopia, October to December 2019. Methods: Structured interview questionnaire was used to collect data, the record of treatment coverage against STH was reviewed and stool samples collected from 2114 children were diagnosed using Kato- Katz technique.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Impact of Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene
    Hindawi Advances in Public Health Volume 2020, Article ID 8237101, 12 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8237101 Research Article Impact of Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene on Prevalence of Diarrheal Disease and Associated Factors among Under-Five Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Selected Woredas of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia Agune Ashole Alto , Wanzahun Godana , and Genet Gedamu Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia Correspondence should be addressed to Agune Ashole Alto; [email protected] Received 1 May 2019; Revised 10 December 2019; Accepted 31 January 2020; Published 24 February 2020 Academic Editor: Carol J. Burns Copyright © 2020 Agune Ashole Alto et al. 'is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. Diarrheal diseases are still one of the major causes of morbidity in under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, diarrhea is responsible for 9% of all deaths and is the major cause of under-five mortality. Objective. To assess the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of diarrheal disease and factors associated among under-five children in Gamo Gofa Zone. Methods. Community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was used to compare the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene intervention on under-five diarrheal disease. Multistage sampling method was employed. 'e data were collected by using pretested structured questionnaires. Data quality was ensured by daily supervision completeness and consistency.
    [Show full text]
  • Alive and Thrive Ethiopia Baseline Report 2011.Pdf
    Alive & Thrive is a six-year (2009-2014) initiative to improve infant and young child feeding practices by increasing rates of exclusive breastfeeding and improving complementary feeding practices. The first two years provide a window of opportunity to prevent child deaths and ensure healthy growth and brain development. Alive & Thrive (A&T) aims to reach more than 16 million children under two years old in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam through various delivery models. Learning will be shared widely to inform policies and programs throughout the world. Alive & Thrive is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and managed by FHI 360. Other members of the A&T consortium include BRAC, GMMB, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Save the Children, University of California-Davis, and World Vision. Suggested citation: Ali D, Tedla M, Subandoro A, Bamezai A, Rawat R, Menon P. Alive & Thrive Baseline Survey Report: Ethiopia. Washington, D.C.: Alive & Thrive, 2011. Alive & Thrive FHI 360 1825 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite S680 Washington, DC 20009-5721 Tel: (202) 884-8000 Fax: (202) 464-3966 [email protected] www.aliveandthrive.org Table of Contents List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ vi List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. viii List of Annex Tables ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sero-Prevalence of Pesti Des Petitis Ruminants (PPR) in Selected Districts of Hawassa Zuriya, Konso Special and Zala Using Competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) Technique
    Sero-Prevalence of Pesti Des Petitis Ruminants (PPR) in Selected Districts of Hawassa Zuriya, Konso Special and Zala using Competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) Technique Misganaw Mulugeta Chufamo, Shimelis Dejene Hayle, Desalegn Dosa Mengesha and Samson Abebe Boyza Sodo Regional Veterinary Laboratory, P.O. Box 82, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia Key words: PPR, sero-prevalence, shoats, samples, goats Abstract: A cross-sectional study to investigate the sero-prevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) was conducted between January and May, 2017 in selected districts of Hawassa Zuriya, Konso and Zala in the working areas of Sodo Regional Veterinary Laboratory. A total of 644 serum samples were collected from both the species of sheep and goats. Competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA) was used to detect the presence of antibodies in the sera of shoats as indicator of exposure to the PPR virus. The results showed an overall individual animal sero-prevalence of 35.86% (231/644). The sero prevalence of the disease in the different districts of Konso, Hawassa Zuriya and Zala was 59.9% (182/304), 15.3% (34/314) and 12.7% (15/118), respectively where there is statistical significance difference in the different sites (p<0.05). The prevalence in sheep and goat was 35.6% (37/104) and 35.92% (194/540) where there is statistical significance difference in the different sites (p<0.05). At the same time the sero-prevalence in the young and adult goats was 32.3% (140/434) and 43.3% (91/210/1) respectively and there was statistically significant (p<0.05).
    [Show full text]
  • Breeding Practice and Phenotypic Characteristics of Indigenous Woyito
    International Journal of Animal Science ISSN: 2575-7806 Research Article © Nichelatti M. 2020 Breeding practice and phenotypic characteristics of indigenous Woyito-Guji goat breeds reared in Nyangatom and Malle pastoral and agro-pastoral districts of SNNPR, Ethiopia Mekete Girma1*, Sandip Banerjee2, and Tekleyohannes Birhanu1 1Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Jinka Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia 2School of Animal Range Sciences, Hawassa University, Ethiopia Abstract The study was carried to characterize the Woyto-Guji goats reared in two districts (Nyangatom and Malle) of South Omo and also to assess the traits used to select the bucks and does traditionally. The respondents were selected using stepwise purposive followed by random sampling method. The collected data were analyzed using statistical procedures. The qualitative traits were evaluated using non parametric tests. The results indicated that the bucks and does are selected by the community members using traditional descriptors. The traits preferred for selection were those related with adaptation and disease tolerance. The bucks were selected for traits which correlated with their abilities to fend off predators while the does were selected for their mothering and nursing abilities. Coat colors were also considered as important attributes towards selecting the does and bucks, the preferred coat colors were those with white with patchy, red and red with patchy. The selection criteria of breeding doe’s were more concerned on their maternal instincts and nursing abilities while body conformation and coat color were the traits preferred for selection of the bucks. Pastoral and agro pastoral preference of coat color patterns were white with patchy, red and red with patchy which were helpful for the goats of the area for the adaptation on the existing hot environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Addis Ababa University College of Natural and Computational Sciences
    ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY Determination of some Selected Metals in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seed samples collected from three different areas of Ethiopia using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS) By: Mekdes Abebe Advisor: Dr. Merid Tessema July 2020 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY Determination of some Selected Metals in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seed samples collected from three different areas in Ethiopia using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS) By: Mekdes Abebe Advisor: Dr. Merid Tessema A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Chemistry in Partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Chemistry July, 2020 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia I ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY DECLARATION I, declare that this thesis work entitled as ―Determination of selected metals in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seed samples collected from three different areas in Ethiopia using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS)‖ is original report of my research, prepared under the guidance of Dr. Merid Tessema and the thesis has been written by me and has not been submitted in part or fully for any previous degree. All sources of materials used for the thesis were recognized accordingly. Name: Mekdes Abebe Signature:------------------------------------------------ This research work has been submitted for the examination with my approval as university advisor. Advisor: Dr. Merid Tessema Signature----------------------------------------------- II DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my beloved mother Ejigayehu Abebe. III ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY APPROVAL OF THE THESIS Approved by the examining committee Signature Date Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Cattle Husbandry Practice in Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Western Ethiopia
    ISSN 2394-966X International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences Vol. 4, Issue 5, pp: (1-7), Month: September - October 2017, Available at: www.noveltyjournals.com Traditional Cattle Husbandry Practice in Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Western Ethiopia Belay Zeleke1, Minale Getachew (Dr.)2 1, 2Arba Minch University College of Agricultural Sciences, P.O.Box 21, Arba Minch Ethiopia Abstract: Study was conducted to assess traditional management practice and constraints of cattle production in Gamo Gofa Zone, south western Ethiopia. Multi-stage purpose sampling technique was employed to select the districts and kebeles for the study. Focus group discussion and structured questionnaire were used to collect data from 352 households. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Result indicated majority of the respondents were household heads and house wives in terms of position in the household. In the area cattle was the most important specious followed by goat and sheep. Cattle production in the study area had significant role in socio economic condition of the farmers being source of draft power, food, manure and income and/or had role in diversifying the income of the farmers. Seasonal fluctuations in the availability and quality of feed have been a common phenomenon, inflecting serious changes in livestock production. River was the major water source and good veterinary access was also observed. Natural mating was the dominant breeding method and selection of the animal was based on physical appearance. Scarcity of land and quality and quantity of feeds, lack of awareness on feed conservation methods, breeding technologies and lack of market information were the major challenges mentioned.
    [Show full text]
  • ADAMA Science and TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL of HUMANITIES and Law DEPARTMENT of GEOGRAPHY and ENVIRONMENTAL Studies SPATIAL
    ADAMA Science AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND LAw DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIEs SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF ROAD NETWORK IN GAMO GOFA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA By: DAGIMIHRET PETROS AYZA AUGUST 2017 ADAMA, ETHIOPIA 0 ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND LAW DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF ROAD NETWORK IN GAMO GOFA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA By: DAGIMIHRET PETROS AYZA ADVISOR: HURGESA HUNDERA A THESIS submitted to department of geography and environmental studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in geography and environmental studies AUGUST 2017 ADAMA, Ethiopia 1 DECLARATION I, Dagimihret Petros Ayza, hereby declare to Adama Science and Technology University that this thesis, except where duly acknowledged, is my original endeavor. I have not previously published or submitted this work to any university for a degree, diploma or certificate. _____________________ _______________ ________________ Dagimihret Petros Ayza Signature Date 2 APPROVAL BY ADVISOR As thesis research advisor, I hereby certify that I have read and evaluated this thesis prepared, under my guidance, by Dagimihret Petros Ayza, entitled “Spatial Analysis of Road Network in Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia” I recommend that it be submitted as fulfillment of the thesis requirement. Hurgesa Hundera _________________ ___________ Advisor Signature Date 3 APPROVAL BY BOARD OF EXAMINERS As member of the Board of Examiners of the MA Thesis Open Defense Examination, we certify that we have read, evaluated the Thesis prepared by Dagimihret Petros Ayza and examined the candidate. We recommended that the Thesis be accepted, as fulfilling the Thesis requirement for the Degree of Master of Art in Geography and Environmental Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Linking Crop Yield to Seasonal Climate Variations in Gamo Highlands, Ethiopia
    Linking crop yield to seasonal climate variations in Gamo Highlands, Ethiopia Analysis using an Ecophysiological (GECROS) and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Models WAGENINGEN UR August 27, 2014 Thomas Torora Minda i Thesis Supervisors Dr. J (Jordi) Vilà-Guerau de Arellano Associate professor of boundary layer meteorology Meteorology and Air Quality Group E-mail: [email protected] Wageningen University and Research Center The Netherlands Dr. Ir. MK (Michiel) van der Molen Assistant professor of land-use change and mesoscale meteorology Meteorology and Air Quality Group E-mail: [email protected] Wageningen University and Research Center The Netherlands Linking Seasonal Climate Variations to Crop Yield in Gamo Highlands, Ethiopia Analysis using an Ecophysiological (GECROS) and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Models TT Minda Thesis, Wageningen University and Research center E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] ii WAGENINGEN UR Linking crop yield to seasonal climate variations in Gamo Highlands, Ethiopia Analysis using an Ecophysiological (GECROS) and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Models A Minor-thesis for the partial fulfillment of the degree of master in Climate Studies (MCL), specialization: Atmospheric Chemistry and Air Quality August 27, 2014 Thomas Torora Minda Thesis Supervisors Dr. J (Jordi) Vilà-Guerau de Arellano Dr. Ir. MK (Michiel) van der Molen Meteorology and Air Quality (MAQ) Wageningen, the Netherlands iii Dedication May God Bless the Dutch and its land iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I have always impressed with perfect supervision of professors of the meteorology and air quality (MAQ) chair group, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR). As usual, I express my heartfelt thanks to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • REPUBLIC of SOUTH SUDAN SOMALIA UGANDA DJIBOUTI KENYA YEMEN ETHIOPIA ERITREA SUDAN Djibouti Asmara Addis Ababa
    ! ACT Alliance Ethiopia Operational Map January 2018 ! ! Asmara Sanaa ERITREA R Tahitay Adiyabo v® Zalambesa Dawuhan Gerihu Sernay ! ! E Laelay ! Erop Shiraro Rama v® Gulo ! Adiabo ! !( Meheda Erop D v® v® Mereb Leha Ê Ahiferom Dalol HumeÊ®ra North Westernv® Humer!va Town v® Chasa ! Bazev®t!Adi Gir!at Town Adwa Adkuwa Tigray !( ! Dalol Adwa Town Ganta Afeshum! EDEGA HAMUS Tahitay Qoraro ! ! v®! v® Saesi Tsadamba S v®! Akisuvm Town Nebelat ! n Selekileha Ê Berehale Qafta Humera Shire Atsbi Enida We!(reilehi H!(awzen TIGRAY Asegede Tahitay ! Wonberta! YEMEN n E Silase Western Tsimbila Maychew Hawzen KonÊaba Central Atsbi Endasilasie ! Not Covered Medebay Nader ñ ! Berahile Tigray Mezega Tigray !( Ê Konaba by Field Work A ! Zana Adet ! Wekero Welqayet v® Klite n Kola Temben Hagere Sñelam Awlalo ! ! Ê Tselemt Abiyi adi Degua Tsegede ! May Tsebri d ÊDebuvb® & Abrha jara Temben SÊe!men MIrab ! Adi Arikay v® v®v® ! Abala Armacho Tselemet Tanqua !Mekele Ê Zone 02 Adiarikay Tselemt Sehart$i SUDAN Abeñrgele Samre Enderta ! Ê Not Covered Adiarikay Beyeda ! Ê Tegede Gijet Abala Lakora v® Adiarikay $ ! Afdera by Field Work ! ® d Afdera ! Dvebark $ Hintalo ! Debarq Jan Dil Yibza Abergele South ! Wajirat Erebti Amora Ê Ê Assab Tach Armacho Tigray ! Dabat ! Mekane Berhan Aden Metema Sanja ! ! v® Dabat $ ! Ambalage v® Gedebge Sehale Seyemt Abergele Ê Megale Chilga Alibuko ! Sehal$e ! Metema Ê Seyemt $ ! Lay ! Wag Himra ! Lile Chlga ! Wv®egera Tsitsika Maychew Town ² Chilga ® Armvachew ZIKWALA Sekota v® $ Ofla Rya ®Gondar Sek!ota Endamehone Teru Gondvar
    [Show full text]
  • Low-Tech Sustainable Sanitation Options for Ghana and Ethiopia – Economic, Social and Technical Aspects
    LOW-TECH SUSTAINABLE SANITATION OPTIONS FOR GHANA AND ETHIOPIA – ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS Vom Promotionsausschuss der Technischen Universität Hamburg-Harburg zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktorin der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften (Dr. rer. pol.) genehmigte Dissertation von Aleksandra Drewko aus Gdańsk (Polen) 2013 Gutachter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Otterpohl, Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg Prof. Dr. habil. Matthias Meyer, Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg Vorsitzender des Prüfungsausschusses: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stephan Köster Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 07.11.2012 Sanitation is more important than political independence Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) Herausgeber /Editor: Gesellschaft zur Förderung und Entwicklung der Umwelttechnologien an der Technischen Universität Hamburg-Harburg e.V. (GFEU) GFEU e.V. c/o Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg (TUHH) Institut für Abwasserwirtschaft und Gewässerschutz Eissendorfer Str. 42 21071 Hamburg Tel.: +49 – (0)40 – 42878 3207 Fax: +49 – (0)40 – 42878 2684 http://www.gfeu.org ISBN: 978-3-942768-08-5 © 2013 Aleksandra Drewko Hamburger Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft Band 83 Acknowledgments Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Otterpohl, whose help in designing the framework of my research, the decision to supervise it and support made my dissertation possible. I would also like to thank Prof. Dr. habil. Matthias Meyer for acting as the second supervisor of this thesis and Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stephan Köster in his capacity as the chairman of the examining board. I would also like to thank Kifle Gutema and Addis Ababa Lisanework from the project Ecological Sanitation Ethiopia in Addis Ababa, as well as Wudneh Ayele, Eoyb Esatu, Bogale Gelaye, Kinfe Kassa, Simon Shibru, Dr.
    [Show full text]