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ADAMA Science and TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL of HUMANITIES and Law DEPARTMENT of GEOGRAPHY and ENVIRONMENTAL Studies SPATIAL

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ADAMA Science and TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL of HUMANITIES and Law DEPARTMENT of GEOGRAPHY and ENVIRONMENTAL Studies SPATIAL ADAMA Science AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND LAw DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIEs SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF ROAD NETWORK IN GAMO GOFA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA By: DAGIMIHRET PETROS AYZA AUGUST 2017 ADAMA, ETHIOPIA 0 ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND LAW DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF ROAD NETWORK IN GAMO GOFA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA By: DAGIMIHRET PETROS AYZA ADVISOR: HURGESA HUNDERA A THESIS submitted to department of geography and environmental studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in geography and environmental studies AUGUST 2017 ADAMA, Ethiopia 1 DECLARATION I, Dagimihret Petros Ayza, hereby declare to Adama Science and Technology University that this thesis, except where duly acknowledged, is my original endeavor. I have not previously published or submitted this work to any university for a degree, diploma or certificate. _____________________ _______________ ________________ Dagimihret Petros Ayza Signature Date 2 APPROVAL BY ADVISOR As thesis research advisor, I hereby certify that I have read and evaluated this thesis prepared, under my guidance, by Dagimihret Petros Ayza, entitled “Spatial Analysis of Road Network in Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia” I recommend that it be submitted as fulfillment of the thesis requirement. Hurgesa Hundera _________________ ___________ Advisor Signature Date 3 APPROVAL BY BOARD OF EXAMINERS As member of the Board of Examiners of the MA Thesis Open Defense Examination, we certify that we have read, evaluated the Thesis prepared by Dagimihret Petros Ayza and examined the candidate. We recommended that the Thesis be accepted, as fulfilling the Thesis requirement for the Degree of Master of Art in Geography and Environmental Studies. ______________________ _________________ __________________ Chairperson Signature Date ______________________ _________________ __________________ Internal Examiner Signature Date ______________________ _________________ ___________________ External Examiner Signature Date _____________________ __________________ ___________________ DGC Chairman Signature Date 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank the Almighty God since everything is done through His help. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor Mr. Hurgesa Hundra for his unreserved professional advice and guidance by giving constructive comments and useful suggestions. Indeed, without his great dedication, the development and completion of this study would have been impossible. I am grateful to instructors of the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies at ASTU for nurturing throughout my tertiary level education. I am grateful for the time and information given to me by staff members of Gamo Gofa Zone Transport and Road Development Department; Gamo Gofa Zone Finance and Economic Development Department; and Gamo Gofa Zone Urban and Housing Development Department. My exceptional gratitude goes to my key informants in Aribaminch and Sawla town. They have wholeheartedly shown their collaborations during interview process. It would be unfair not to mention the invaluable contribution of Akililu Assefa (from EMA) who helped me in producing necessary information during my research work. Last but not least, I express my heartfelt gratitude with affection to my parents W/ro Aberash Mela, W/rt Birukitawit Petros, Ato Aregahegn Petros and Henok Petros for their moral support and encouragement: also to my friends for their valuable suggestions. I TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................... I TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................ II LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................. V LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................. VI ACRONYM ........................................................................................................................................... VII ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................... VIII CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background of the Study ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................... 3 1.3. Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................................ 4 1.3.1 General Objective ........................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 Specific Objectives ......................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Research Questions ............................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Scope of the Study................................................................................................................. 5 1.6 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................................... 6 1.7 Limitation of the Study ......................................................................................................... 6 1.8 Organization of the Thesis .................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ........................................................ 8 2.1. The Concept of Spatial Analysis and Networks................................................................... 8 2.1.1 The Concept of Spatial Analysis .................................................................................... 8 2.1.2 Road Network Analysis .................................................................................................. 9 2.2 Road Network Function in Developing Regions .................................................................. 9 2.3 Network Evaluation Indicators ............................................................................................ 10 2.3.1 Road Accessibility ........................................................................................................ 10 2.3.2 Road Density ................................................................................................................ 12 II 2.3.3 Indexes of Connectivity ................................................................................................ 12 2.4 Road Transportation in Ethiopia ......................................................................................... 14 2.4.1 History of the Road Network........................................................................................ 14 2.4.2 Road Sector Policies in Ethiopia .................................................................................. 16 2.4.3 Preliminary Selection of Road Upgrading Projects ...................................................... 20 CHAPTER THREE: DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA AND METHODOLOGY ....... 22 3.1 Description of the Study Area ............................................................................................. 22 3.1.1 Location of the Study Area ........................................................................................... 22 3.1.3 Administration .............................................................................................................. 23 3.1.4 Demographic Characteristics ........................................................................................ 24 3.1.5 Topography and Climate .............................................................................................. 24 3.1.6 Drainage and Wildlife .................................................................................................. 24 3.2 Research Methods and Materials ........................................................................................ 25 3.2.1 Research Design ........................................................................................................... 25 3.2.2 Data Types and Source ................................................................................................. 25 3.2.3 Tools of Data Collection............................................................................................... 25 3.2.4 Techniques of Data Analysis ........................................................................................ 26 3.2.5 Data Validity and Reliability ........................................................................................ 27 3.2.6 Ethical Consideration ................................................................................................... 28 CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS .............................................. 29 4.1 Road Connectivity Analysis ................................................................................................ 29 4.1.1 Road Connectivity
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