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November 2, 2005 (Download PDF) Volume 50 – Number 7 Wednesday – November 2, 2005 TechTalk S ERVING T HE M I T C OMMUNITY Researchers map genetic variation Researchers at the Broad Institute of MIT and Har- vard and colleagues published new papers last week that bring scientists closer to their ultimate goal — to grasp the core mechanisms of human biology and disease — by developing a comprehensive catalog of the genetic diversity in the human genome sequence across human populations. The first step toward grasping those core mechanisms was realized in 2001, with the completion of the human genome sequence. The new Broad papers describe both the content PHOTOS / DONNA COVENEY and uses of a comprehensive genomic catalog, known Toast of New Orleans as HapMap, that maps common human The music of New Orleans was heard around campus DNA sequence variations, enabling as Donald Harrison (at left on sax) and Marva Wright systematic testing of genetic variants put their soul into song at the Bayou Bash on Sunday for their association with disease and night, Oct. 30. Below, members of the Wild Magnolias their place in human evolutionary (in costume) parade across campus, Mardi-Gras style, history. with members of the Stooges Brass Band. Both groups HapMap gets its name from also performed Sunday at Kresge Auditorium. “haplotypes” — collectively inherited groups of human genet- ic variants that are located physi- cally close to one another in the genome. “Built upon the foundation laid by the human genome sequence, the HapMap is a powerful new tool for exploring the root causes of com- mon diseases. We absolutely require such a resource so that we can develop new and much-needed approaches to understand these diseases, such as diabetes, bipolar disorder, [and] cancer,” said David Altshuler, direc- tor of the Broad’s Program in Medical and Population Genetics and an associate professor at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Altshul- er and Peter Donnelly, of the University of Oxford in England, are two of the authors of an Oct. 27 paper in Nature. Diseases run in families, and perhaps half the risk of any given common disease can be explained by genetic differences inherited from one’s parents. Inheritance also plays a role in the different responses people can have to a drug or to an environmental factor. A “map” to discern the range of genetic contributions to common diseases and responses to therapies was proposed 10 years ago. With HapMap, technology has caught up to biomedical research needs. “The data from the HapMap project allows scientists to select the particular DNA variants that provide the greatest information in the most efficient manner, lower- See HAPMAP Page 6 McGovern celebrates opening its new home Friday The McGovern Institute for Brain in the third-floor atrium of the new com- development of new technologies and humans’ ability to acquire knowledge and Research at MIT will celebrate the formal plex between 9:30 a.m. and 12:30 p.m. The industries. use it effectively. opening of its new home in the brain and community is invited to tune in via a live The theme of the gala celebration is “The McGovern Institute was created cognitive sciences complex this Friday, webcast, at http://web.mit.edu/mcgov- neuroscience and society, a topic of par- at the start of this new century, with a Nov. 4. ern/html/Events_and_Seminars/mcgov- ticular significance to donors Lore Harp mandate to lead the world into a new era As part of the event, Massachusetts ern_opening_webcast.shtml. McGovern and Patrick J. McGovern Jr., of systems neuroscience, the study of Sen. John Kerry, television host and As leaders in their own fields, each MIT Class of 1959. The McGoverns found- brain systems and behavior,” said Profes- author Jane Pauley, Nobel laureate Dr. speaker will bring a unique perspective ed the institute with the largest donation sor Robert Desimone, McGovern’s direc- Eric Kandel and Robert M. Metcalfe (S.B. to the future impact of neuroscience on ever made to MIT in the hopes that neuro- 1968), the inventor of the Ethernet, are all society — ranging from treatments for science research could play a leading role See McGOVERN scheduled to speak to a capacity crowd brain disorders, to education, to the in improving the quality of human life and Page 5 NEWS RESEARCH ARTS FULLY WIRELESS GETTING CONNECTED GET INVOLVED A new exhibition at the MIT Museum shows MIT’s MIT and Nokia team up to make new advances in A karaoke installation is the centerpiece of an wireless campus in living color. mobile technology. exhibition of Christian Jankowski’s work at the List Page 4 Page 3 Visual Arts Center. EARTHQUAKE VIGIL CHICKEN ENGINEERING Page 7 Students gather to raise funds for the millions left Researchers at Picower explore ways to create N.Y. STORY homeless after the Oct. 8 earthquake in South Asia. transgenic birds — which might help fight avian flu. The work of Media Lab graduate student James Page 5 Page 4 Patten is now on view at the Museum of Modern Art. Page 7 PAGE 2 November 2, 2005 PEOPLE MIT Tech Talk Eric Grimson named head of EECS Professor emeritus Elizabeth A. Thomson ics and physics from the Uni- Alvin Drake dies at 70 News Office versity of Regina and earned a Sarah H. Wright Ph.D. in mathematics from MIT News Office in 1980. Professor Eric Grimson, a leading expert in computer Grimson succeeds Professor vision, has been named the new head of the Department Rafael Reif, who was named MIT of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. provost earlier this year. Alvin W. Drake, a professor emeritus of electrical engi- “Based upon the recommendation of the Faculty Advi- Boning has been associate neering and computer science who was respected among sory Committee, I am delighted to appoint Eric Grimson director of the MIT Microsys- colleagues and students alike for the vitality of his teach- as the new Department Head,” said Dean of Engineering tems Technology Laborato- ing and the vigor of his research, died of cancer at a hos- Thomas Magnanti in a letter to EECS faculty and admin- ries since 1998. He holds S.B. pice near his Falmouth home on Sunday, Oct. 30. He was istrators Oct. 21. Professors Duane Boning and Srini degrees in both computer sci- 70. Devadas will serve as associate department heads. ence and electrical engineering, Drake, a native of Bayonne, N.J., specialized in decision “With these appointments, we have in place an out- and earned his Ph.D. degree in analysis, applied probability, applications of operations standing leadership team. I very much look forward to electrical engineering and com- Eric Grimson research to public systems and blood and organ banking. working with the team to ensure the continuing vitality puter science in 1991, all from Drake’s best-known MIT course, Probabilistic Systems and strength of the Department,” Magnanti said. MIT. Analysis (6.041), was “legendary,” said Richard Larson, Grimson, the Bernard Gordon Professor of Medical His research focuses on interconnect technology, varia- Mitsui Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Engineering, is currently head of the computer vision tion modeling, control, and environmental issues in semi- and of Engineering Systems. “He taught students to think group of MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intel- conductor and MEMS manufacturing. in terms of basic principles, in the MIT way.” ligence Laboratory (CSAIL). His research ranges from Devadas’ research interests include computer-aided Ethernet inventor Robert Metcalfe (S.B. 1968), who image-guided surgery to the construction of an interactive design, computer architecture, hardware validation, net- was a student of Drake’s, called him the “epitome of the anatomy browser. work router hardware, computer security and computa- MIT professor.” With Boning, he has been an associate head of EECS tional biology. He serves as the research director for archi- Drake’s own enthusiasm for the Institute and his devo- since 2004. A Fellow of the American Association for Arti- tecture, systems and networking at CSAIL. tion to the “MIT way” were leavened by his awareness of ficial Intelligence and of the Institute of Electrical and Elec- He received the B.Tech. from the Indian Institute of the toll of competitiveness on self-esteem. tronics Engineers, he has also received the School of Engi- Technology in 1985 and the M.S.E.E. and Ph.D. from the In a 1993 essay, “Notes on Being at a Great, but Greatly neering’s Bose Award for excellence in teaching. University of California at Berkeley in 1986 and 1988, Intimidating Place,” Drake encouraged students and facul- Grimson received a B.Sc. (high honors) in mathemat- respectively. ty not to let others’ brilliance make them feel “less special, less bright or less alive.” Drake himself was willing to take risks, such as launch- ing MIT and the then-fledgling Operations Research Cen- Faculty named ter (ORC) into the analysis of public systems. “This pioneering work led to major research in blood banking, airport operations and urban public safety. It put to professorships MIT ORC on the map of public sector operations research,” Lar- A number of faculty members have been appointed to son said. named professorships. All appointments are for three-year Drake’s particular interests terms and became effective July 1 unless otherwise noted. in operations research included Assistant Professor Nittai Bergman of the Sloan School blood banking systems and of Management has been selected to hold the Class of 1957 public attitudes and decision Career Development Professorship. processes with regard to blood Erik Demaine, associate professor of electrical engi- donation. He served as a direc- neering and computer science, and Kimberly Hamad- tor of the Red Cross Northeast Schifferli, assistant professor of mechanical engineering, Regional Blood Program.
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