DOCSLIB.ORG

E2504 V2 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
E2504 V2 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized E2504 v2 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Submitted to: The Ministry of Public Health and Population, Yemen Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) EcoConServ Environmental Solutions JET for Engineering and Trading Health and Population Project Public Disclosure Authorized 10 El Kamel Mohamed St., Zamalek, Riyad (Hayil) Street, Al-Ghail Building 1st Cairo, Egypt 11211 Floor, Suite no. 1, Sana’a, Tel: + 20 2 27359078 – 2736 4818 Republic of Yemen, P.O. Box 2379 Final Report Fax: + 20 2 2736 5397 Tel.: + 967 1 212 567 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: + 967 1 211 097 URL: http://www.ecoconserv.com E-mail: [email protected] July 2010 URL: http://www.geocities.com/jetyemen Health and Population Project (HPP), Yemen Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA)-Final TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. 5 LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................................. 5 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 8 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................... 12 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 14 −˜ł− Background ............................................................................................................... 14 1.2 Health and Population Project˜(HPP).......................................................................... 14 1.2.1 Project Objective...................................................................................................... 14 1.2.2 Objectives of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) ............... 14 1.3 ESIA Methodology ..................................................................................................... 15 1.3.1 Phase One: Description of the Current Situation ..................................................... 15 1.3.2 Phase Two: Analyzing Results and Preparing the draft ESIA................................. 16 1.3.3 Phase Three: Presenting Results and Consultation with Stakeholders .................... 16 1.3.4 Phase Four: Preparing the Final ESIA and Disclose the Report.............................. 16 1.4 The ESIA Challenges and Methodology Strengths..................................................... 17 2 Legislative Framework................................................................................................... 19 2.1 Laws Related to the Environmental Impact Assessment ............................................ 19 2.1.1 Environmental Protection Law No. 26 of 1995 ....................................................... 19 2.1.2 Law 40/1999, the Law of Hygiene........................................................................... 19 2.1.3 Law 60/1999 for Medical and Health Facilities....................................................... 20 2.1.4 Law 39/1999 about Public Hygiene......................................................................... 22 2.1.4.1 Article (19) Concerning Healthcare Waste ........................................................... 22 2.2 Laws Related to Social Impact Assessment................................................................ 24 2.2.1 Yemeni Constitution ................................................................................................ 24 2.2.2 Local Administration Law (number 4/2002) ........................................................... 24 2.2.3 Public Health Law (number 4/2009)........................................................................ 24 2.2.4 Presidential Decree (number 76/2004)..................................................................... 25 2.3 International Regulations Related to the Project......................................................... 25 2.3.1 The Convention on the Rights of Children (CRC)................................................... 25 2.4 World Bank Safeguard Policies .................................................................................. 26 2.4.1 Environmental Assessment Policy (OP 4.1) ............................................................ 26 2.4.2˜Disclosure Policy (OP 17.50)................................................................................... 26 3. Health and Population Project (HPP)............................................................................ 27 3.1 Project Objective......................................................................................................... 27 3.2. Project Description..................................................................................................... 27 4. Description of the Environment and Socio-economic Conditions................................ 33 4.1. Description of the Environment ................................................................................. 33 Health and Population Project (HPP), Yemen Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA)-Final 4.1.1 Location.................................................................................................................... 33 4.1.2 Geological and Hydrological Characteristics of Yemen.......................................... 34 4.1.2.1 Terrain ................................................................................................................... 34 4.1.2.2 Soil ........................................................................................................................ 37 4.1.2.3 Climate .................................................................................................................. 38 4.1.3 Ecological Classification of the Study Area ............................................................ 39 4.1.3.1 Environmental Characteristics of the Study Area................................................. 39 4.1.3.2 Elements of Biodiversity in the Region ................................................................ 41 4.1.3.3 Risks and Threats Facing the Region.................................................................... 43 4.1.4 Environmental Background based on the Findings of the Field Study.................... 44 4.2 Socio-economic Background ...................................................................................... 50 4.2.1 General Background Information on the Socio-economic Conditions in Yemen ... 50 4.2.2 Economic Characteristics......................................................................................... 53 4.2.2.1 Poverty Level in Targeted Governorates: ............................................................. 54 4.2.3 Education.................................................................................................................. 55 4.2.4 Gender Issues ........................................................................................................... 57 4.2.4.1 Economic Participation among Women................................................................ 58 4.2.4.2 Women and Education .......................................................................................... 59 4.2.5 Health Indicators Related to the Project................................................................... 60 4.2.6 The Main Causes of MNCH Problems .................................................................... 65 4.2.7 Organizational Backgrounds Related to the Project ................................................ 72 4.2.7.1 Governmental Sector............................................................................................. 72 4.2.7.2 Other Bodies Concerned with MNCH in the Targeted Governorates .................. 79 5. Analysis of the Project Environmental and Social Impacts .......................................... 84 5.1 Expected Environmental Impacts................................................................................ 85 5.1.1 Expected Environmental Impacts during Preparation/Pre-implementation Phase .. 85 5.1.2 Expected Environmental Impacts during Operation Phase...................................... 85 5.1.2.1 Impacts Related to Improper Handling and Storage of Chemicals and Drugs ..... 85 5.1. 2.2 Inappropriate Disposal of HCW Generated during Outreach Activities ............. 87 5.1.2.3 Mismanagement of Increased Quantities of Municipal Solid Waste Generated by Healthcare Facilities.......................................................................................................... 87 5.1.2.4 Use of Poorly Maintained Electric Generators ..................................................... 88 5.2 Expected Social Impacts ............................................................................................. 91 5.2.1 Expected Social Impacts during Preparation/Pre-implementation Phase ................ 91 5.2.1.1 Creating Temporary Economic Opportunities ...................................................... 91 5.2. Expected Social Impacts during Operation Phase.................................................... 91 5.2.2.1 Job Opportunities for Women in the Field of Community Health........................ 91 5.2.2.2 Improving Women’s Access to Pregnant Women’s Health Services .................... 93 5.2.2.3 Improving Child Health and Safety at Remote and Disadvantaged Areas ........... 93 5.2.2.4 Enhanced Level of Trust between Beneficiaries and Government
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cholera Outbreak Weekly AWD/Cholera Situation Report 10 – 17 November 2016
    YEMEN: Cholera Outbreak Weekly AWD/Cholera Situation Report 10 – 17 November 2016 This official joint-report is based on information Yemen Cholera Taskforce, which is led by the Ministry of Health, WHO/Health Cluster, UNICEF/WASH Cluster and is supported by OCHA. Key Figures As of 17 November 2016, 90 Al Jawf Aflah Ash Shawm Khamir Kuhlan Ash Sharaf Abs Amran cases of cholera were confirmed Hajjah Al Miftah Hadramaut Ash Shahil Az Zuhr Arhab Nihm A ah Sharas in 29 districts with 8 cases of lluh ey ah Bani Qa'is HamdanBani Al Harith Marib deaths from cholera. Amanat Al AsimahBani Hushaysh Al Mahwit Ma'ain Sana'a Az Zaydiyah As Sabain n Khwlan As Salif a h n a S WHO/ MoPHP estimates that Bajil As Salif ra Al Marawi'ah Bu Al Mina Shabwah 7.6M people are at risk in 15 Al HaliAl Hudaydah Al Hawak Al MansuriyahRaymah Ad Durayhimi Dhamar governorates. iah aq l F h t A a ay y B r Y a a r h im S Al Bayda bid Za h s A total of 4,825 suspected cases A Hazm Al Udayn HubayshAl Makhadir Ibb Ash Sha'ir ZabidJabal Ra's s Ibb Ba'dan ra Qa'atabah Al Bayda City ay Hays Al Udayn uk are reported in 64 districts. JiblahAl Mashannah M Far Al Udayn Al Dhale'e M Dhi As SufalAs Sayyani a Ash Shu'ayb Al Khawkhah h a As Sabrah s Ad Dhale'e q u Al Hussein b H Al Khawkhah a Jahaf n l Abyan a A Cholera case fatality rate (CFR) h Al Azariq a h k u Mawza M TaizzJabal Habashy l A is 1.5 % Al Milah Al Wazi'iyah Lahj T u Al Hawtah Tur A b Incidence rate is 4 cases per l Bah a a h n Dar Sad Khur Maksar Al Madaribah Wa Al Arah Aden Al Mansura 10,000.
    [Show full text]
  • Stand Alone End of Year Report Final
    Shelter Cluster Yemen ShelterCluster.org 2019 Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter SHELTER CLUSTER End Year Report Shelter Cluster Yemen Foreword Yemeni people continue to show incredible aspirations and the local real estate market and resilience after ve years of conict, recurrent ood- environmental conditions: from rental subsidies ing, constant threats of famine and cholera, through cash in particular to prevent evictions extreme hardship to access basic services like threats to emergency shelter kits at the onset of a education or health and dwindling livelihoods displacement, or winterization upgrading of opportunities– and now, COVID-19. Nearly four shelters of those living in mountainous areas of million people have now been displaced through- Yemen or in sites prone to ooding. Both displaced out the country and have thus lost their home. and host communities contributed to the design Shelter is a vital survival mechanism for those who and building of shelters adapted to the Yemeni have been directly impacted by the conict and context, resorting to locally produced material and had their houses destroyed or have had to ee to oering a much-needed cash-for-work opportuni- protect their lives. Often overlooked, shelter inter- ties. As a result, more than 2.1 million people bene- ventions provide a safe space where families can tted from shelter and non-food items interven- pause and start rebuilding their lives – protected tions in 2019. from the elements and with the privacy they are This report provides an overview of 2019 key entitled to. Shelters are a rst step towards achievements through a series of maps and displaced families regaining their dignity and build- infographics disaggregated by types of interven- ing their self-reliance.
    [Show full text]
  • YEMEN: Health Cluster Bulletin. 2016
    YEMEN: HEALTH CLUSTER BULLETIN DECEMBER 2016 Photo credit: Qatar Red Crescent 414 health facilities Highlights operationally supported in 145 districts o From the onset of the AWD/cholera outbreak on 6 October until 20 December 406 surgical, nutrition and 2016, a cumulative number of 11,664 mobile teams in 266 districts AWD/Cholera cases and 96 deaths were reported in 152 districts. Of these, 5,739 97 general clinical and (49%) are women, while 3,947 (34%) are trauma interventions in 73 children below 5 years.* districts o The total number of confirmed measles cases in Yemen from 1 Jan to 19 December 541 child health and nutrition 2016 is 144, with 1,965 cases pending lab interventions in 323 districts confirmation.** o A number of hospitals are reporting shortages in fuel and medicines/supplies, 341 communicable disease particularly drugs for chronic illnesses interventions in 229 districts including renal dialysis solutions, medicines for kidney transplant surgeries, diabetes 607 gender and reproductive and blood pressure. health interventions in 319 o The Health Cluster and partners are working districts to adopt the Cash and Voucher program on 96 water, sanitation and a wider scale into its interventions under hygiene interventions in 77 the YHRP 2017, based on field experience districts by partners who had previously successfully implemented reproductive health services. 254 mass immunization interventions in 224 districts *WHO cholera/AWD weekly update in Yemen, 20 Dec 2016 ** Measles/Rubella Surveillance report – Week 50, 2016, WHO/MoPHP PAGE 1 Situation Overview The ongoing conflict in Yemen continues to undermine the availability of basic social services, including health services.
    [Show full text]
  • Eiectronic Integrated Disease Early Warning and Response System Volume 07,Lssue47,Epi Week 47,(18-24 November,2019)
    Ministary Of Public Health Papulation Epidemiological Bulletin Primary Heath Care Sector Weekly DG for Diseases Control & Surveillance Eiectronic Integrated Disease Early Warning and Response System Volume 07,lssue47,Epi week 47,(18-24 November,2019) Highlights eDEWS Reporting Rates vs Consultations in Govemorates,Epi Weeks 1-47,2019 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 95 97 97 % 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 % 96 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 100% % 450000 93 92 96 93 90% 93 400000 •During week no.47,2019, %95(1991/1883) health facilites from 23 80% 350000 70% 300000 Governorates provided valid surveillance data. 60% 250000 50% 200000 Percentage 40% 150000 Consulttaions 30% 20% 100000 10% 50000 •The total number of consultation reported during the week in 23 0% 0 Wk 1 Wk 4 Wk 7 Wk Wk Wk 2 Wk 3 Wk 5 Wk 6 Wk 8 Wk 9 Wk 20 Wk 23 Wk 26 Wk 29 Wk 32 Wk 35 Wk 38 Wk 41 Wk 44 Wk 11 Wk 12 Wk 13 Wk 14 Wk 15 Wk 16 Wk 17 Wk 18 Wk 19 Wk 21 Wk 22 Wk 24 Wk 25 Wk 27 Wk 28 Wk 30 Wk 31 Wk 33 Wk 34 Wk 36 Wk 37 Wk 39 Wk 40 Wk 42 Wk 43 Wk 45 Wk 46 Wk 47 Governorates was 397352 compared to 387266 the previous reporting week Wk 10 47. Acute respiratory tract infections lower Respiratory Infections (LRTI), Upper Reporting Rate Consultations Respiratory Infections (URTI), Other acute diarrhea (OAD) and Malaria (Mal) Distribution of Reporting Rates by Governoraes (Epi-Week 47,2019) % % % % % % % % were the leading cause of morbidity this week.
    [Show full text]
  • Yemen Six Month Economic Analysis Economic Warfare & The
    HUMANITARIAN AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME Yemen Six Month Economic Analysis Economic Warfare & the Humanitarian Context January 2017 HUMANITARIAN FORESIGHT THINK TANK HUMANITARIAN FORESIGHT THINK TANK Yemen Six Month Economic Analysis / January 2017 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY An inclusive political solution to the conflict is unlikely in the next six months, despite the high possibility of state economic collapse and a metastasizing humanitarian crisis across the country. President Hadi’s refusal to accept the terms of a recent UN peace plan is likely stalling Saudi financial relief and threatens to fracture his support base in the south. Meanwhile, the crippled state economy is supporting a thriving shadow economy, which will fragment power structures on both sides of the conflict as stakeholders engage in war profiteering. Not only will this diminish the chances for unity in the long run, it also increases food insecurity and poverty for the most vulnerable, while benefiting those in power who already dominate the parallel market. Amidst this turmoil, AQAP and IS influence will increase. This report will examine the economic context affecting humanitarian needs in Yemen, and present scenarios offering potential trajectories of the conflict to assist in humanitarian preparedness. Source: Ali Zifan (6 December 2016), Insurgency in Yemen detailed map, Wikipedia INTRODUCTION The slow progress in the war between the internationally-recognized Yemeni government of Abd Rabbu Mansour Hadi and the Zaidi Shia Houthi-Ali Abdallah Saleh alliance has caused the Saudi- backed Hadi coalition to instrumentalise the Yemeni economy, conducting a war of attrition. As Sanaa’s Central Bank of Yemen (CBY) hemorrhaged through its reserves in the previous two years of war, growing criticism of the governor’s alleged complicity in Houthi embezzlement culminated in the 18 September decision by the Hadi government to move the CBY from the Houthi-controlled capital to Aden and position a new governor to run the institution.
    [Show full text]
  • Whether Civil War Happened During the Arab
    國立政治大學外交學系 Department of Diplomacy, National Chengchi University 碩士論文 Master Thesis 治 政 大 立 學 論阿拉伯之春期間內戰是否發生：以阿爾及利亞 國 和利比亞為例 ‧ ‧ N a y Whether Civil War Happened Duringt the Arab t i i s o r Spring: Exemplifiedn by Algeria eand Libya a i v l C n heng chi U 指導教授：劉長政 Advisor: Liu, Chang-Cheng 作者：楊邵帆 Author: Yang, Shao-Fan 日期：民國 103 年 6 月 16 日 Date: June 16, 2014 Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... iv Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................... vi Abstracts ............................................................................................................................ viii 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Research Goals .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Literature Review ............................................................................................................ 3 1.2.1. Arab Spring in General ......................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2. Situation in Different Country before or During the Arab Spring ...................... 7 1.2.3. Theories for the Onset of Civil War............................治 .................................................. 19 政 大 1.3. Research Design
    [Show full text]
  • Yemen Country Office
    Yemen Country Office Humanitarian Situation Report ©UNICEF Yemen/2020 Reporting Period: 1 – 31 March 2021 © UNICEF/2021/Yemen Situation in Numbers (OCHA, 2021 Humanitarian Needs Overview) Highlights 11.3 million • The humanitarian situation in Ma’rib continued to be of concern, and with various children in need of waves of violence during the reporting period, the situation showed no signs of humanitarian assistance improvement. People’s lives remained to be impacted every day by fighting, and thousands were being displaced from their homes and displacement sites. Conflict continued as well as in Al Hodeidah, Taizz, and Al Jawf. 20.7 million • In March, 30,317 IDPs were displaced, with the majority of displacement waves people in need coming from Ma’rib, Al Hodeidah, Taizz and Al-Jawf, as internal displacement within governorates towards safer districts increased. • The Rapid Response Mechanism (RRM) reached an additional 3,500 newly displaced 1.58 million families, 2,200 families of which were in Ma’rib (24,500 individuals). Beneficiaries children internally displaced received RRM kits that included food, family basic hygiene kits, and female dignity kits. (IDPs) • As of 5 April 2021, there were 4,798 COVID-19 officially confirmed cases in Yemen, with 946 associated deaths and 1,738 recovered cases (resulting in a 19.7 per cent confirmed fatality rate). 382 suspected cases were health workers, or 4.78 per cent of the total cases. Funding Status UNICEF’s Response and Funding Status 2021 Appeal: $576.9M SAM Admission 15% n Funding status
    [Show full text]
  • YHF Annual Monitoring Report 2020
    ©: Mahmoud Fadel-YPN for UN/OCHA 2020 ANNUAL MONITORING YEMEN HUMANITARIAN REPORT FUND THE YHF THANKS ITS DONORS FOR THEIR GENEROUS SUPPORT IN 2020 CREDITS This document was produced by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Yemen. OCHA Yemen wishes to acknowledge the contributions of its committed staff in preparing this document. For additional information, please contact: [email protected] Twitter: @YHF_Yemen The designations employed and the presentation of material on this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. KEY MESSAGES Despite access constraints and COVID-19 restrictions, the Yemen Humanitarian Fund (YHF) conducted 65 field monitoring missions to 119 projects in 2020 thus fulfilling all its 2020 monitoring requirements. 56 per cent of monitoring missions assessed The YHF Beneficiary Feedback and Complaints YHF-funded projects as performing well and 35 per Mechanism was launched in February 2020 and 1,775 cent as underperforming but for reasons beyond the people provided feedback. partners’ control. The YHF made 914 recommendations from The YHF provided timely updates to cluster monitoring missions, shared them with implementing coordinators and hub managers with key monitoring partners, and followed up on the actions taken by findings upon review of monitoring reports to ensure partners to address them. that the findings of YHF monitoring can be used by the broader humanitarian community. 96 per cent of 12,302 people interviewed via Key challenges to monitoring of YHF-funded projects Beneficiary Verification Surveys indicated that they included travel restrictions, bureaucratic impediments were satisfied with services they received through and the poor quality of some monitoring reports.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gold-Mines of Midian and the Ruined Midianite Cities. a Fortnight's
    \ McKEW PARR COLLECTION MAGELLAN and the AGE of DISCOVERY PRESENTED TO BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY • 1961 r^ Y^, ,-^^ctusJ-c^-- If! Ufa- THE GOLD-MINES OF MIDIAN THE RUINED MIDIANITE CITIES. — — — THE INNER LIFE OF SYRIA, PALESTINE, AND THE HOLY LAND. By Mrs. Richard Burton. IVitk Photographic Portraits of Captain Burton and the Author, and with Coloured Ilhcstratiotis and Map. Second Edition, 2 vols, demy 8vo. Price 243-, "Vivid pictures of the outer as well as the Inner Life of Syria." Pall Mall Gazette. " Her account of harem life is one of the best and most truthful that has yet appeared." Academy. "Vivid, clever, and brilliant sketches of Damascus and the Mahom- medan and Christian races of Syria." Edinburgh Review. C. Kegan Paul & Co., i. Paternoster Square, London. : THE GOLD-MINES OF MIDIAN AND THE RUINED MIDIANITE CITIES. A FORTNIGHTS TOUR IN NORTH-WESTERN ARABIA. BY RICHARD F. BURTON, MEMBRE DE l'iNSTITUT EGYPTIEN. LONDON C. KEGAN PAUL & CO., i, PATERNOSTER SQUARE. 1878. — .1^ I5-O VAj / L ji\ ^C^ * ' We have the authority of Niebuhr, that the precious metals are not found or known to exist in Arabia, which has no mines either of gold or silver."— Crichton's Histojy of Arabia, ii. 403. " Namentlich sind es die Arabir, welche den grossten Theil des in Alterthum vorhandenen Goldes unter die menschen geschlendert haben."—Sprenger, Alte Geographic, etc., p. 299. " Peregrinatio notitiam dabit gentium, novas tibi montium formas ostendit, inusitata spatia camporum et ii-riguas perennibus aquis valles, et alicujus fluminis sub observatione naturam. " L. Anncei SenectE, Epist. civ. HIS HIGHNESS ISMAIL I., KHEDIV OF EGYPT, A RULER WHOSE LOVE OF PROGRESS AND WHOSE PRINCELY HOSPITALITY HAVE MADE THE NILE-VALLEY, ONCE MORE, THE RESORT OF SCIENCE • AND THE DELIGHT OF TRAVELLERS, Cfjese ^agfs ARE RESPECTFULLY AND GRATEFULLY INSCRIBED.
    [Show full text]
  • Saudi Arabia. REPORT NO ISBN-0-93366-90-4 PUB DATE 90 NOTE 177P
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 336 289 SO 021 184 AUTHOR McGregor, Joy; Nydell, Margaret TITLE Update: Saudi Arabia. REPORT NO ISBN-0-93366-90-4 PUB DATE 90 NOTE 177p. AVAILABLE FROM Intercultural Press, Inc., P.O. Box 700, Yarmouth, ME 04096 ($19.95, plus $2.00). PUB TYPE Reports - Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Cultural Differences; Cultural Opportunities; *Foreign Countries; *Foreign Culture; Intercultural Communication; International Relations; Overseas Employment; Tourism; Travel IDENTIFIERS *Saudi Arabia ABSTRACT A guide for persons planning on living in or relocating to Saudi Arabia for extended periods of time, this book features information on such topics as entry requirements, transportation, money matters, housing, schools, and insurance. The guide's contents include the following sections: (1) an overview; (2) before leaving; (3) on arrival; (4) doing business; (5) customs and courtesies; (6) household pointers; (7) schools; (6) health and medical care; (9) leisure; (10) cities in profile; (11) sources of information; and (12) recommended readings. Three appendices are also included: (1) chambers of commerce and industry in Saudi Arabia; (2) average celsius temperatures of selected near eastern cities; and (3) prior to departure: recommended supplies. (DB) ***********************************************1!*********************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OP EDUCATION Office of Educitional Research Ind Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) ty,thls document has been reproduced Se Keived from the person or worn/aeon I (Quieting it O Minor changes Aare been made to improve reproduction Quality Points of view or opinions stated in this docu .
    [Show full text]
  • 7.1 Introduction Our Study of Islam Begins with the Arabian Peninsula
    Name and Date: _________________________ Text: HISTORY ALIVE! The Medieval World 7.1 Introduction Our study of Islam begins with the Arabian Peninsula, where Islam was first preached. The founder of Islam, Muhammad, was born on the peninsula in about 570 C.E. In this chapter, you’ll learn about the peninsula’s geography and the ways of life of its people in the sixth century. The Arabian Peninsula is in southwest Asia, between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. It is often called Arabia. Along with North Africa, the eastern Mediterranean shore, and present day Turkey, Iraq, and Iran, it is part of the modern Middle East. Most of the people living in Arabia in the sixth century were Arabs. Some Arabs call their home al-Jazeera, or “the Island.” But it is surrounded by water on only three sides. The Persian Gulf lies to the east, the Red Sea to the west, and the Indian Ocean to the south. To the north are lands bordering the Mediterranean Sea. These lands serve as a land bridge between Africa, Asia, and Europe. Imagine that you are flying over the Arabian Peninsula. As you look down, you see vast deserts dotted by oases. Coastal plains line the southern and western coasts. Mountain ranges divide these coastal plains from the desert. The hot, dry Arabian Peninsula is a challenging place to live. In this chapter, you will study the geography of Arabia and its different environments. You’ll see how people made adaptations in order to thrive there. 7.2 The Importance of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Lands Arabia lies at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Militarized Childhood a Report on the Houthis’ Recruitment of Yemeni Children During War
    Militarized Childhood A report on the Houthis’ recruitment of Yemeni children during war Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor SAM for Rights and Liberties February 2021 Contents Introduction 4 Child soldiers recruited by the Houthi group: statistics 7 Strategies used in recruiting children 10 Geographical distribution of children recruited by the Houthis 12 Tasks, punishments, and impacts related to child recruitment 13 Houthis’ child training camps 14 Testimonies of child soldiers recruited by the Houthis 23 Child victims recruited by the Houthis 31 Legal background 32 Recommendations 33 Introduction Child recruitment and use by armed forces is one of the gravest violations that Yemeni children fall victim to as Yemen has been witnessing wars and armed conflicts for several years. This phenomenon emerged in Yemen since the era of former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, when the Ministry of Defense started to accept children under the age of 15 years old into their ranks. Tribal sheikhs also sent their children to war to secure their monthly salaries the government paid at the time. However, this phenomenon significantly diminished after pressures imposed on the Saleh regime, especially after Yemen had signed several international child rights agreements. On the other hand, armed groups in Yemen, especially the Houthis, sought Militarizing Childhood 4 to recruit children to reinforce their capabilities. The Houthis have been exploiting child soldiers since they waged a war against the Hajour al-Sham tribes in Hajjah Governorate in early 2012; their war on the Dammaj area in Saada governorate in 2013; and at a greater pace, in 2014, after they seized power in Yemen and the battles expanded.
    [Show full text]