DOCSLIB.ORG

Saudi Arabia. REPORT NO ISBN-0-93366-90-4 PUB DATE 90 NOTE 177P

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Saudi Arabia. REPORT NO ISBN-0-93366-90-4 PUB DATE 90 NOTE 177P DOCUMENT RESUME ED 336 289 SO 021 184 AUTHOR McGregor, Joy; Nydell, Margaret TITLE Update: Saudi Arabia. REPORT NO ISBN-0-93366-90-4 PUB DATE 90 NOTE 177p. AVAILABLE FROM Intercultural Press, Inc., P.O. Box 700, Yarmouth, ME 04096 ($19.95, plus $2.00). PUB TYPE Reports - Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Cultural Differences; Cultural Opportunities; *Foreign Countries; *Foreign Culture; Intercultural Communication; International Relations; Overseas Employment; Tourism; Travel IDENTIFIERS *Saudi Arabia ABSTRACT A guide for persons planning on living in or relocating to Saudi Arabia for extended periods of time, this book features information on such topics as entry requirements, transportation, money matters, housing, schools, and insurance. The guide's contents include the following sections: (1) an overview; (2) before leaving; (3) on arrival; (4) doing business; (5) customs and courtesies; (6) household pointers; (7) schools; (6) health and medical care; (9) leisure; (10) cities in profile; (11) sources of information; and (12) recommended readings. Three appendices are also included: (1) chambers of commerce and industry in Saudi Arabia; (2) average celsius temperatures of selected near eastern cities; and (3) prior to departure: recommended supplies. (DB) ***********************************************1!*********************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OP EDUCATION Office of Educitional Research Ind Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) ty,thls document has been reproduced Se Keived from the person or worn/aeon I (Quieting it O Minor changes Aare been made to improve reproduction Quality Points of view or opinions stated in this docu . ment do not necessarily represent officiel OERI Position or policy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL INMICROFICHE ONLY GRANTED BY 1,4 tatiVszN TLtY4S Other titles in this series: Update Belgium (1989) Update France (1989) Update Germany(1990) 3 Update Saudi Arabia Joy McGregor Margaret Nydell Ahson R. Lanier was the originator of the Update series and is currently editor of The International American, a monthly newsletter for Americans living and working abroad. Intercultural Press, Inc. Yarmouth, Maine 4 For information, contact Intercultural Press, Inc. P.O. Box 700 armouth, ME 04096 USA Library of Congress Catalog No. 90-083788 ISBN 0-93366-90-4 Copyright ©1975by Overseas Briefing Associates ©1977by Overseas Briefing Associates ©1978by Overseas Briefing Associates ©1981 by Alison Lanier ©1990by Alison Lanier All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. Printed in the United States of America t's" (A. "A: Juba' "1/4S:, Datil 6 Dhahran Thal molt, HoluIS label 'Poo Ova 0,,o KAaphlr 00 Quwayidn4, 0 N.50 Hats es, 0 Contents 1.An Overview 1 The Country 2 The People 7 The Present GovernmentThe House of Saud 11 The Religion of Islam 14 The Economy 23 2.Before Waving 27 Entry Papers and Requirements 27 Customs Regulations 31 Furnishings and Goods to Take 34 Clothing 40 3. On Arrival 45 Arrival Information 45 Living Conditions 46 Important Warnings 48 Health Requirements 50 Transportation 51 Banking and Financial Matters 57 Language 58 S ix X SAUDI ARABIA 4.Doing Business 61 Foreign Business VenturesSuccess or Failure? 61 Key Business Organizations 65 Joint Ventures 66 Government Financing 67 Time 68 Communications 71 Business Mechanics 73 Business Etiquette 77 5.Customs and Courtesies 85 Values 86 Social Occasions 93 6.Household Pointers 97 Housing 97 Household Help 100 Bargaining and Shopping 105 Kitchen Advice 108 How Hard IsIt Really? Replies from Women 110 7.Schools 113 Jiddah 114 Riyadh 115 Eastern Province: Al Khobar, Dhahran, Dammam 116 8.Health and Mwdical Care 119 Medical Facilities 119 General Health for Foreigners 121 Adjusting to the Heat 124 Food Precautions 126 9 CONTENTS XI 9.Leisure 129 Media Entertainment 129 Sports 131 Activities 132 Activities for Women 137 Activities for Children 140 10.Cities in Profile 141 Riyadh 141 Jiddah 146 Yanbu 150 Eastern Province: Al Khobar, Dhahran, Dammam 150 Jubail 154 11.Sources of Information 155 12. Recommended Readings 159 Appendixes: Appendix 1 Chambers of Commerce and Industry in Saudi Arabia 167 Appendix 2 Average Celsius Temperatures of Selected Near Eastern Cities 169 Appendix 3 Prior to Departure: Recommended Supplies 171 Update Saudi Arabia 1 Rn Overview The ultramodern and the ancient greet the newcomer in Saudi Arabia. In Jiddah and Riyadh (and soon in the Eastern Province) one arrives at superb modern airports. Freeways connect the airports with the cities, where modern glass and steel high-rises flank boulevards choked with traffic. Gone are the huge flares above the eastern oilfields, the gas now tapped off and shipped overseas. Gone too are most of the shuttered houses of Jiddah and Many of the mud buildings of the Najd. The desert, it seems, has been tamed. The Fourth Five-Year Plan, which is well under way, has concentrated on building the country's infrastructure: roads, hospitals, airports, communications systems, and schools. School enrollment at all levels has increased more than fourfold In fifteen years. There are now 18,630 miles (30,000 kilometers) of paved roads, many of which are engineering marvels like the Mecca to Taif highway, with 174 twisting mountain curves in fifty-four miles. Nearly twenty- eight thousand miles (45,000 kilometers) of farm roads now link dozens of villages and remote areas. The country's ports process more than fifty million tons of freight per year, and the three main airports handle twenty-four million passengers per year. New industrial parks are under construction all over the country on the theory that development should reach beyond urban centers (for more information about the Five-Year Plan, see page 23). 12 1 2SAUDI ARABIA This country of superhighways, jets, and Italian fashions still hears, five times a day, the call to prayer from the delicate minarets of ancient and modern mosques. Nowadays the muezzins do not climb the rickety stairs to the top of the minaret but call the faithful to prayer over a microphone or with a recorded message. The glass and concrete skyscrapers are surrounded by open-fronted shops where copper, brass, and carpets are sold, as they have been for hundreds of years, by merchants puffing water pipes and sitting cross-legged on the floor. Camels don't saunter down city streets as they onne did; they are now in racing stables or far away in the desert beside the long black tents of the Bedouin. The Saudis place a high value on preserving their culture and traditions. They are restoring old buildings and retaining wind towers, not because they are needed for office space or air-conditioning but because they are part of the local scene. They intend to maintain their identity as a people, a nation, and the Keeper of the Faith. They are unhappy with encroaching foreign moral and cultural attitudes that threaten their beliefs even though they actively seek infusions of foreign technology to launch them into the twenty-first century. They are determined to use this new knowledge without diluting the old faith and treasured traditions. THE COUNTRY Saudi Arabia, often called simply "the Kingdom," occupies four- fifths of the Arabian Peninsula, covering roughly 800,000 square miles (about the area of the United States east of the Missisbippi or all of Western Europe). In our mind's eye we see a vast, trackless "Lawrence of Arabia" desert, a land of wide open spaces and barren mountains. Saudi Arabia is that, but it is also much more: a land of new roads, villages, and towns; huge farms irrigated by giant pivots; ancient oases, antiquities, and nomads; cities and univer- sities; oil wells and industry.It is a complex land which can no longer be labeled undeveloped. 13 AN OVERVIEW 3 The major cities on the west coast are Jiddah and Tait as well as the holy citis:of Mecca and Medina, forbidden to non- Muslims. Riyadh, the capital, is near the center of the country. The major cities in the oil-rich Eastern Province are Dhahran, Dammam, and Al Khobar (see chapter 10 for descriptions). The villages of Arabia are fascinating. Not long ago most were tightly packed clusters of buildings surrounded by a mud wall (for protection against raiders), small fields, and date groves. Now the old village has been abandoned and given over to the goats and sheep. Nearby is a new village of concrete villas, each walled for privacy, with new schools, mosques, and marketplaces. With the advent of deep wells and pumping systems, orchards, fields, and pasture extend around many villages. Regions Popular belief has it that Arabia is one giant sand pit. In fact it is no such thing. Wide plains, rugged mountains with wild river valleys, and volcanic areas make up two-thirds of the country. The other third comprises the incredible sand dunes of the deserts in the north and south. The Arabian Peninsula, known as the Arabian shelf, is a separate tectonic plate formed by volcanic activity and sedimentation. Eons ago the Arabian plate broke free from the African continent, forming the Red Sea in between. The western edge of the plate was slowly tilted up several degrees onto its side, which accounts for the many escarpments running north and south in various parts of the peninsula. The two most spectacular of these are the Hijaz Mountains in the Western Province and the Tuwaiq Escarpment in the Nejd or Central Distrk;t. The Western Region. The Tihama Plain extends along the coast from Jiddah past Jizan and on into Yemen.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • + CPI PROFILE Al Baha
    The Future Saudi Cities Programme 2 CPI PROFILE – Al Baha ©Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs , 2019 King Fahd National Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs CPI PROFILE Al Baha. / Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs .- Riyadh , 2019 ..p ; ..cm ISBN: 978-603-8279-34-2 1- City planning - Al Baha I-Title 309.2625314 dc 1440/8345 L.D. no. 1440/8345 ISBN: 978-603-8279-34-2 © 2018. Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs and United Nations Human Settlements Programme. All rights reserved Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs P.O. Box : 935 - King Fahd, Riyadh, 11136 Tel: 00966114569999 https://www.momra.gov.sa/ United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) P.O. Box 30030, 00100 Nairobi GPO KENYA Tel: 254-020-7623120 (Central Office) www.unhabitat.org Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs, the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, the United Nations or its Member States. Excerpts may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Authors: UN-Habitat (Riyadh) Un-Habitat (Nairob) Mr. John Obure Mr. Robert Ndugwa Mr. Mohammed Al Ahmed Mr. Antony Abilla Mr. Bader Al Dawsari Ms.
    [Show full text]
  • Saudi Arabia.Pdf
    A saudi man with his horse Performance of Al Ardha, the Saudi national dance in Riyadh Flickr / Charles Roffey Flickr / Abraham Puthoor SAUDI ARABIA Dec. 2019 Table of Contents Chapter 1 | Geography . 6 Introduction . 6 Geographical Divisions . 7 Asir, the Southern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �7 Rub al-Khali and the Southern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Hejaz, the Western Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Nejd, the Central Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 The Eastern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Topographical Divisions . .. 9 Deserts and Mountains � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Climate . .. 10 Bodies of Water . 11 Red Sea � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Persian Gulf � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Wadis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Major Cities . 12 Riyadh � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �12 Jeddah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �13 Mecca � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
    [Show full text]
  • Saudi Arabia 2019
    Saudi Arabia 2019 Saudi Arabia 2019 1 Table of Contents Doing Business in Saudi Arabia ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Market Overview ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 Market Challenges ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 Market Opportunities ................................................................................................................................................ 8 Market Entry Strategy ............................................................................................................................................... 9 Political Environment................................................................................................................................................... 10 Selling US Products & Services .................................................................................................................................... 11 Agents and Distributors ........................................................................................................................................... 11 Establishing an Office .............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Wide Range Linear Alpha Olefin Processes
    IHS Chemical Process Economics Program Consolidated Report CR001 Wide Range Linear Alpha Olefin Processes By Marianna Asaro July 2014 ihs.com/chemical IHS Chemical Process Economics Program Consolidated Report | CR001 IHS Chemical agrees to assign professionally qualified personnel to the preparation of the Process Economics Program’s reports and will perform the work in conformance with generally accepted professional standards. No other warranties expressed or implied are made. Because the reports are of an advisory nature, neither IHS Chemical nor its employees will assume any liability for the special or consequential damages arising from the Client’s use of the results contained in the reports. The Client agrees to indemnify, defend, and hold IHS Chemical, its officers, and employees harmless from any liability to any third party resulting directly or indirectly from the Client’s use of the reports or other deliverables produced by IHS Chemical pursuant to this agreement. For detailed marketing data and information, the reader is referred to one of the IHS Chemical programs specializing in marketing research. The IHS CHEMICAL ECONOMICS HANDBOOK Program covers most major chemicals and chemical products produced throughout the world. In addition the IHS DIRECTORY OF CHEMICAL PRODUCERS services provide detailed lists of chemical producers by company, product, and plant for the United States, Europe, East Asia, China, India, South & Central America, the Middle East & Africa, Canada, and Mexico. July 2014 ii © 2014 IHS IHS Chemical Process Economics Program Consolidated Report | CR001 PEP Report CR001 Wide Range Linear Alpha Olefin Processes By Marianna Asaro July 2014 Abstract This report consolidates and updates the Process Economics Program’s technical and economic analyses of wide-range linear alpha olefins (LAO) manufacturing technologies since PEP first reported on the subject in the 1960s.
    [Show full text]
  • Us Military Assistance to Saudi Arabia, 1942-1964
    DANCE OF SWORDS: U.S. MILITARY ASSISTANCE TO SAUDI ARABIA, 1942-1964 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Bruce R. Nardulli, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2002 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Allan R. Millett, Adviser Professor Peter L. Hahn _______________________ Adviser Professor David Stebenne History Graduate Program UMI Number: 3081949 ________________________________________________________ UMI Microform 3081949 Copyright 2003 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ____________________________________________________________ ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road PO Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 ABSTRACT The United States and Saudi Arabia have a long and complex history of security relations. These relations evolved under conditions in which both countries understood and valued the need for cooperation, but also were aware of its limits and the dangers of too close a partnership. U.S. security dealings with Saudi Arabia are an extreme, perhaps unique, case of how security ties unfolded under conditions in which sensitivities to those ties were always a central —oftentimes dominating—consideration. This was especially true in the most delicate area of military assistance. Distinct patterns of behavior by the two countries emerged as a result, patterns that continue to this day. This dissertation examines the first twenty years of the U.S.-Saudi military assistance relationship. It seeks to identify the principal factors responsible for how and why the military assistance process evolved as it did, focusing on the objectives and constraints of both U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • READ Middle East Brief 101 (PDF)
    Judith and Sidney Swartz Director and Professor of Politics Repression and Protest in Saudi Arabia Shai Feldman Associate Director Kristina Cherniahivsky Pascal Menoret Charles (Corky) Goodman Professor of Middle East History and Associate Director for Research few months after 9/11, a Saudi prince working in Naghmeh Sohrabi A government declared during an interview: “We, who Senior Fellow studied in the West, are of course in favor of democracy. As a Abdel Monem Said Aly, PhD matter of fact, we are the only true democrats in this country. Goldman Senior Fellow Khalil Shikaki, PhD But if we give people the right to vote, who do you think they’ll elect? The Islamists. It is not that we don’t want to Myra and Robert Kraft Professor 1 of Arab Politics introduce democracy in Arabia—but would it be reasonable?” Eva Bellin Underlying this position is the assumption that Islamists Henry J. Leir Professor of the Economics of the Middle East are enemies of democracy, even if they use democratic Nader Habibi means to come to power. Perhaps unwittingly, however, the Sylvia K. Hassenfeld Professor prince was also acknowledging the Islamists’ legitimacy, of Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies Kanan Makiya as well as the unpopularity of the royal family. The fear of Islamists disrupting Saudi politics has prompted very high Renée and Lester Crown Professor of Modern Middle East Studies levels of repression since the 1979 Iranian revolution and the Pascal Menoret occupation of the Mecca Grand Mosque by an armed Salafi Neubauer Junior Research Fellow group.2 In the past decades, dozens of thousands have been Richard A.
    [Show full text]
  • Archons (Commanders) [NOTICE: They Are NOT Anlien Parasites], and Then, in a Mirror Image of the Great Emanations of the Pleroma, Hundreds of Lesser Angels
    A R C H O N S HIDDEN RULERS THROUGH THE AGES A R C H O N S HIDDEN RULERS THROUGH THE AGES WATCH THIS IMPORTANT VIDEO UFOs, Aliens, and the Question of Contact MUST-SEE THE OCCULT REASON FOR PSYCHOPATHY Organic Portals: Aliens and Psychopaths KNOWLEDGE THROUGH GNOSIS Boris Mouravieff - GNOSIS IN THE BEGINNING ...1 The Gnostic core belief was a strong dualism: that the world of matter was deadening and inferior to a remote nonphysical home, to which an interior divine spark in most humans aspired to return after death. This led them to an absorption with the Jewish creation myths in Genesis, which they obsessively reinterpreted to formulate allegorical explanations of how humans ended up trapped in the world of matter. The basic Gnostic story, which varied in details from teacher to teacher, was this: In the beginning there was an unknowable, immaterial, and invisible God, sometimes called the Father of All and sometimes by other names. “He” was neither male nor female, and was composed of an implicitly finite amount of a living nonphysical substance. Surrounding this God was a great empty region called the Pleroma (the fullness). Beyond the Pleroma lay empty space. The God acted to fill the Pleroma through a series of emanations, a squeezing off of small portions of his/its nonphysical energetic divine material. In most accounts there are thirty emanations in fifteen complementary pairs, each getting slightly less of the divine material and therefore being slightly weaker. The emanations are called Aeons (eternities) and are mostly named personifications in Greek of abstract ideas.
    [Show full text]
  • Arte, Ciudad, Sociedad Improving
    MÁSTER EN DISEÑO URBANO: ARTE, CIUDAD, SOCIEDAD IMPROVING THE CITY IMAGE OF RIYADH THROUGH STOREFRONT AND STREET SIGNAGE REDESIGN Tutor Dr. A. Remesar Author Sama AlMalik 1 IMPROVING THE CITY IMAGE OF RIYADH S. AlMalik THROUGH STOREFRONT AND STREET SIGNAGE REDESIGN 2 IMPROVING THE CITY IMAGE OF RIYADH S. AlMalik THROUGH STOREFRONT AND STREET SIGNAGE REDESIGN MÁSTER EN DISEÑO URBANO: ARTE, CIUDAD, SOCIEDAD IMPROVING THE CITY IMAGE OF RIYADH THROUGH STOREFRONT AND STREET SIGNAGE REDESIGN Tutor Dr. Antoni Remesar Author Sama AlMalik NUIB 15847882 Academic Year 2016-2017 Submitted in the support of the degree of Masters in Urban Design 3 IMPROVING THE CITY IMAGE OF RIYADH S. AlMalik THROUGH STOREFRONT AND STREET SIGNAGE REDESIGN 4 IMPROVING THE CITY IMAGE OF RIYADH S. AlMalik THROUGH STOREFRONT AND STREET SIGNAGE REDESIGN RESUMEN Las calles, barrios y ciudades de Arabia Saudita se encuentran en un estado de construcción permanente desde hace varias décadas, incentivando a la población de a adaptarse al cambio y la transformación, a estar abiertos a cambios constantes, a anticipar la magnitud de desarrollos futuros y a anhelar que el futuro se convierta en presente. El futuro, como se describe en la Visión 2030 del Príncipe Heredero Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud, promete tres objetivos principales: una economía próspera, una sociedad vibrante y una nación ambiciosa. Afortunadamente, para la capital, Riad, varios proyectos se están acercando a su finalización, haciendo cambios significativos en las calles, imagen y perfil de la ciudad. Esto configura cómo los ciudadanos interactúan con toda la ciudad, cómo se integran y reconocen nuevas calles, edificios y distritos.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Study of Temperature-Based
    COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-BASED POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION MODELS IN KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA Saiful Islam1,Mohd Danish2,Farhat Ali3 1Department of Civil Engineering, KKU,Abha, (KSA) 2Department of Chemical Engineering, KKU,Abha,(KSA) 3Department of Architecture Engineering, KKU,Abha, (KSA) ABSTRACT In this paper Potential evapotranspiration (PET) have been computed using two temperature-based empirical models ie., Hargreaves method (HM)and Thornthwaite method(TM ) for three different cities Riyadh abha and Jeddah representing Arid, Moderate and Humid climate respectively in kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Climatic data from the weather stations, Riyadh,Abha, Jeddah respectively, were used to compute daily PET in accordance with the two temperature-based models.The result byHargreaves method shows that Riyadh has highest evapotranspiration rate per followed by Jeddah and the least value is found for Abha city.While the result obtained from Thornthwaite methodshows that Jeddah has highest evapotranspiration rate per year followed by Riyadh and the least value is found for Abha city . Keywords: Evapotranspiration, Hargreaves method, Thornthwaite method, Mean Temperature, Heat Index I. INTRODUCTION The concept of Potential Evapo-Transpiration PET provides a convenient index to estimate the maximum water loss to the atmosphere. Estimates of PET are necessary in many of the rainfall-runoff and ecosystem models that are used in global change studies [2,6]. There are various models for estimating Potential Evapotranspiration PET. PET models are classified depend upon the weather parameters that play the dominant role in the model. The generally classification include: the temperature-based models [2,17]; Hargreaves and Samani[9]; the mass-transfer models (based of vapour pressure or relative humidity,[8,16]; the radiation models (based on solar radiation, [13,15], and the combination models (based on the energy balance and mass transfer principles, [1,5,14].
    [Show full text]
  • Developing Linear-Alpha-Olefins Technology – from Laboratory to a Commercial Plant A
    Catalysis – Innovative Applications in Petrochemistry and Refining DGMK Conference October 4-6, 2011, Dresden, Germany Developing Linear-alpha-Olefins Technology – From Laboratory to a Commercial Plant A. Meiswinkel, A. Wöhl, W. Müller, H. Bölt Linde AG, Pullach, Germany Abstract Linear α-Olefins (LAOs) are used in several applications in chemical industry. Together with SABIC (Saudi Basic Industries Corporation) Linde jointly developed the α-SABLIN technology for a full range LAO plant as well as a 1-Hexene selective "On Purpose" technology (LAO OP) to cover the rapidly increasing demand for this specific comonomer. The α-SABLIN as well as the OP technology are both homogenously catalyzed systems. This is raising special challenges concerning process and reactor design compared to much more established heterogeneous systems in chemical industry. E.g., the reactor concept is a bubble-column which allows efficient mixing as well as cooling of the reaction mixture. The development of the process was based on laboratory experiments which – based on an initial conceptual design for a large scale technical process - were first transformed into a pilot device before the commercial plant was designed, engineered and successfully started up and declared as commercialized. Today the α-SABLIN technology is the only LAO technology with a commercial reference which is free for licensing. A lot of experience and knowledge from the α-SABLIN development and commercial operation was gained. Although newly developed OP technology is based on a different catalytic system, this experience is now utilized and transformed within the commercialization of this new technological development. Introduction Linear α-Olefins (LAO) are used in several applications in chemical industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Slavery, Agriculture, and Malaria in the Arabian Peninsula
    Slavery, Agriculture, and Malaria in the Arabian Peninsula Benjamin Reilly OHIO UNIVERSITY PRESS ATHENS Contents List of Illustrations vii Preface and Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Traditional Arabian Agriculture 22 Chapter 2 Diggers and Delvers 49 African Servile Agriculture in the Arabian Peninsula Chapter 3 Case Study 82 Khaybar Chapter 4 Oasis Fever 102 Malaria as a Factor in Arabian Agricultural Slavery Chapter 5 Arabian Agricultural Slavery in the Longue Durée 123 Chapter 6 Conclusions 153 Notes 157 Glossary 181 Bibliography 185 Index 207 Introduction THE GOAL of this book is to describe, in as much detail as the sources permit, a system of slave and servile agricultural labor, employing mainly sub-Saharan Africans, which prevailed in the traditional Arabian Penin- sula. Previous studies of slavery in the Arabic world have focused almost exclusively on non-agricultural employments of slaves, most notably domestic labor, military servitude, or concubinage. The use of slaves in pro- ductive sectors of the economy such as agriculture has rarely been noticed in the literature, much less studied systematically. This book therefore is intended to address a quite considerable lacuna in our understanding of the institution of slavery, particularly African slavery, in the Arab world. As with most books about slavery, this book will deal heavily with the traditional concerns of social history: hierarchy, social mobility, demo- graphic processes, and the daily lives of subalterns. Nonetheless, this book belongs as much to the field of environmental history as it does to social history. As an academic subfield, the environmental history of the Middle East is only now beginning to be written.
    [Show full text]
  • |||GET||| Doom Patrol: the Silver Age Omnibus 1St Edition
    DOOM PATROL: THE SILVER AGE OMNIBUS 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Arnold Drake | 9781401273552 | | | | | Doom Patrol: The Silver Age Omnibus Letters Joe Letterese? February 3, Part 2 Master of the Killer Birds. Max Worrall rated it it was amazing May 13, August 16, The Chief learns Madame Rouge's origin, of how the Brain's experiments turned her evil, and he believes that he can find a way to in-do the Brain's influence. January 11, Batman and Robin by Peter J. Dec 02, Celsius Arani Desai Caulder rated it it was amazing. Jul 29, Dan'l Danehy-oakes rated it really liked it. Issues from the New 52 series: Action Comics And let's not even talk about the horribly generic costumes that Larsen came up with when he came aboard. Preview — Doom Patrol by Arnold Drake. The Secret Origins is much more interesting because it presents all of the origins of both Patrols in one place for the first time ever. Michael Faun marked it as to-read Jul 07, Showcase 22—24; Green Lantern 1— Spectre : The Wrath of the Spectre. Batman by Scott Snyder and Greg Capullo. April 23, Title pages Doom Patrol: The Silver Age Omnibus 1st edition creator credits, includes illustrations from The Doom Patrol 89, 88 Cover, 96 Cover,and Amelia rated it it was amazing Sep 21, However, an accidental encounter with a radio transmitter severs the bond between Larry and his Negative Man projection, endangering his life and causing the Negative Man to run amok. Selby rated it liked it Jul 09, Robotman doesn't remember the incident that way, however, and the Chief sends the Doom Patrol to investigate.
    [Show full text]