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Turismo E Geoconservação: Uma Comparação Do Modelo De Gestão Do Turismo No Bosque De Pedras Marcahuasi/Peru, E No Parque Estadual De Vila Velha/Brasil

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Turismo E Geoconservação: Uma Comparação Do Modelo De Gestão Do Turismo No Bosque De Pedras Marcahuasi/Peru, E No Parque Estadual De Vila Velha/Brasil PEDRO GONZALO GONZÁLES MANTILLA TURISMO E GEOCONSERVAÇÃO: UMA COMPARAÇÃO DO MODELO DE GESTÃO DO TURISMO NO BOSQUE DE PEDRAS MARCAHUASI/PERU, E NO PARQUE ESTADUAL DE VILA VELHA/BRASIL Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Turismo, curso de Mestrado, Setor de Ciências Humanas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, como requisito para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Turismo. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Marcos Aurelio Tarlombani da Silveira. CURITIBA 2016 MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ PRÓ-REITORIA DE PESQUISA E PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Setor CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS UFPR Programa de Pós Graduação em TURISMO UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DÓ PARANÁ Código CAPES: 40001016079p9 TERMO DE APROVAÇÃO Os membros da Banca Examinadora designada pelo Colegiado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em TURISMO da Universidade Federal do Paraná foram convocados para realizar a arguição da Dissertação de Mestrado de PEDRO GONZALO GONZALES MANTILLA, intitulada: "Turismo e Geoconservação: uma comparação do modelo de gestão do turismo no Bosque de Pedras Marcahuasi/Peru, e no Parque Estadual de Vila Velha/Brasil", apósjterem inquirido o aluno e realizado a avaliação do trabalho, são de parecer pela sua 1 . Curitiba, 12 de Setembro de 2016. Programa de Pós Graduação em TURISMO | UFPR Rua Dr. Faivre, 405 - Curitiba - Paraná - Brasil" CEP 80060-140 - Tel: (41) 3360-5109 - Fax: - E-mail: [email protected] Dedico este trabajo a mis padres, por darme el apoyo y el ejemplo para seguir creciendo profesionalmente. En memoria de mi fiel compañera, Babita, y de mi colega de maestria, Thaisa Emanuelli. “¡Deja ya de estar rezando y dándote golpes en el pecho! Lo que quiero que hagas es que salgas al mundo a disfrutar de tu vida. Quiero que goces, que cantes, que te diviertas y que disfrutes de todo lo que he hecho para ti. [...] ¡Deja ya de ir a esos templos lúgubres, obscuros y fríos que tú mismo construiste y que dices que son mi casa. Mi casa está en las montañas, en los bosques, los ríos, los lagos, las playas. Ahí es en donde vivo y ahí expreso mi amor por ti. [...] Deja de complicarte las cosas y de repetir como perico lo que te han enseñado acerca de mí. Lo único seguro es que estás aquí, que estás vivo, que este mundo está lleno de maravillas”. Anand Dilvar AGRADECIMENTOS Há um grande número de pessoas que foram fundamentais para realizar esse trabalho, tanto no Peru quanto no Brasil, desde a parte acadêmica, logística, sentimental e inspirativa. Em primeiro lugar, agradeço profundamente ao meu orientador, Prof. Dr. Marcos Aurelio Tarlombani da Silveira, pelo assessoramento acadêmico, parceria, confiança e inspiração para ser um grande pesquisador. Aos professores membros da banca, Dr. Miguel Bahl, e Dra. Luciane Neri, pelas contribuições e recomendações realizadas para a elaboração desse trabalho, pelo apoio recebido durante todo o mestrado e parceria para publicar em revistas cientificas. E à professora Dra. Valeria Albach, pelas correções e sugestões realizadas na defesa da dissertação. À professora Dra. Letizia Bartoszeck, pelo apoio e orientação acadêmica desde o primeiro momento que entrei em contato, pelos conhecimentos recebidos e parceria durante todo o mestrado. Aos professores Dr. Marcos Leite do Nascimento, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN); Virginio Mantesso-Neto, da Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Dr. Alan Ripoll, da University of the Sunshine Coast (USC); Dr. Carlos Sampaio, da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC-PR); Dra. Jasmine Moreira, da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG); Dra. Ana Valéria Endres, da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFP); Dr. Luiz Brambatti, Dr. Bruno Gomes e Dra. Margarete Teles, da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Agradeço a todos eles pelas contribuições realizadas para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho e orientação acadêmica. Aos colaboradores M. Sc. Gabriel Coutinho, ex-gerente de Equipamentos de turismo do Parque Estadual de Vila Velha; M. Sc. Ana Cláudia Folmann, pesquisadora no Laboratório Turismo em Áreas Naturais da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG); Adm. Sandro Miguel Mendes, técnico da Incubadora Tecnológica de Cooperativas Populares (ITCP-UFPR), e Eng. Juliana Kobylanski, tradutora oficial do espanhol-português. Agradeço a todos eles pelo apoio logístico para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho e amizade. Aos atores entrevistados no Peru do Ministério do Comércio Exterior e Turismo (MINCETUR), Instituto Geológico Mineiro e Metalúrgico (INGEMMET), Direção do Comércio Exterior e Turismo (DIRCETUR) do Governo Regional de Lima, Municipalidade Provincial de Huarochirí, Comitê comunal do Turismo de San Pedro de Casta, Municipalidade Distrital de San Pedro de Casta, e o autônomo. No Brasil, aos atores entrevistados da Prefeitura de Ponta Grossa, Paraná Projetos, Instituto Ambiental do Paraná (IAP), Serviço Geológico do Paraná (MINEROPAR), Paraná Turismo e Núcleo setorial de guias de Ponta Grossa. Agradeço a todos eles pela predisposição e contribuição essencial para essa investigação. Ao Ministério de Educação do Brasil pelo apoio econômico através do programa de Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e pela educação superior gratuita. Aos professores e administrativos do Programa de Pós-graduação em Turismo da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) pela cálida recepção, os conhecimentos recebidos e boa atenção. À Incubadora Tecnológica de Cooperativas Populares (ITCP-UFPR) pela acolhida, experiências compartilhadas e parceria da equipe. E especialmente à Curitiba, cidade ecológica, artística e de pessoas maravilhosas, por ser o melhor lugar para estudar e se inspirar durante toda minha estadia no Brasil. RESUMO O presente trabalho mostra um estudo de caso sobre os modelos de gestão aplicados em dois espaços naturais sul-americanos de elevado valor geológico, no que se refere ao uso turístico: o Bosque de Pedras Marcahuasi (BPM), nos Andes Centrais do Peru, e o Parque Estadual de Vila Velha (PEVV), nos Campos Gerais do Paraná, no Brasil. As duas áreas naturais apresentam características geomorfológicas, histórico-culturais, arqueológicas e biológicas de importância internacional, que têm desenvolvido diferentes formas de gestão do turismo. Problematiza-se se os modelos de gestão do turismo aplicados em cada área favorecem o desenvolvimento socioeconômico da população local e a conservação do patrimônio geológico. Nesse estudo se analisaram os modelos de gestão do turismo, entorno a sua estrutura de gestão, as ações públicas e as relações entre os atores, utilizando técnicas de coleta de dados tais como levantamentos bibliográficos, análise documental, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação simples. Os resultados foram processados e analisados aplicando a Análise SWOT - Strenghts, Weaknesses, Opportunities e Threats (Forças, Fraquezas, Oportunidades e Ameaças) para cada modelo de gestão, e a Análise comparativa de ambos modelos, a fim de discutir a influência da gestão do turismo no desenvolvimento socioeconômico local e a geoconservação nessas duas áreas de potencial geoturístico. Os resultados evidenciaram os aspectos positivos e negativos de cada modelo de gestão. Por um lado, o modelo de gestão do turismo no BPM, administrado pela comunidade local do entorno, não desenvolve o turismo de forma sustentável pela falta de qualificação profissional dos gestores e a carência de planejamento da atividade. Por outro lado, o modelo de gestão do turismo no PEVV, administrado pelo governo estadual, apesar de ter um plano de manejo e uma equipe preparada profissionalmente, não desenvolve o turismo como uma atividade geradora de benefícios econômicos no PEVV e seu entorno. Constatou-se que ambas formas de gestão turística, em geral, não favorecem ao desenvolvimento socioeconômico local tampouco a geoconservação desses espaços naturais. Palavras-chave: Modelo de gestão do turismo. Geoconservação. Bosque de Pedras Marcahuasi/Peru. Parque Estadual de Vila Velha/Brasil ABSTRACT This research shows a case study on management models in two South American natural areas of high geological value, as regards its tourist use: Marcahuasi Stone Forest (BPM), in the Central Andes of Peru, and Vila Velha State Park (PEVV), in Paraná Campos Gerais, Brazil. The two natural areas present geomorphological, historical, cultural, archaeological and biological features of international importance, which have developed different forms of tourism management. This research discusses if the tourism management models applied in each area, promote the socioeconomic development of the local population and conservation of geological heritage. In this study we analyzed the tourism management models, surrounding its management structure, public actions and the relationships between the actors, using data collection techniques such as literature surveys, document analysis, semi- structured interviews and simple observation. The results were processed and analyzed by applying the SWOT analysis - Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats, for each management model, and comparative analysis of both models in order to discuss the influence of management tourism in the local socio-economic development and geoconservation in these two geotouristic potential areas. The results showed the positive and negative aspects of each management model. On the one hand, tourism management model in the BPM, run by the local community of the environment, does not have the conditions to properly develop tourism by the lack of professional skills of the managers and
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