Literature Culture Linguistics Muriel Spark
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2018.NEXUS 02 edita: Cristina Alsina Rísquez FREDERICK DOUGLASS &MARTIN LUTHER LITERATURE KING & CULTURE MURIEL SPARK WILLFRED OWEN LINGUISTICS MATTI RISSANEN DEBORAH SCHIFFRIN M.A.K. HALLIDAY Presidente ALBERTO LÁZARO LAFUENTE Universidad de Alcalá Secretario ANTONIO BALLESTEROS GONZÁLEZ 2018.NEXUS 02 UNED Vocal 1a CRISTINA ALSINA RÍSQUEZ Copyright De los textos, sus autores. Universitat de Barcelona Editor CRISTINA ALSINA RÍSQUEZ Vocal 2a ROSARIO ARIAS DOBLAS Universidad de Málaga Graphic TONI CAMPS design useixantaquatre.com Tesorera CRISTINA SUÁREZ GÓMEZ Universitat de les Illes Balears ISSN 1697-4646 http://www.aedean.org nexus 2018-02 ÍNDICE LITERATURE AND CULTURE AND LITERATURE TRIBUTES MAR GALLEGO Universidad de Huelva 7 Frederick Douglass & Martin Luther King Commemorating Frederick Douglass and Martin Luther King: African American Rhetoric and Black Masculinity BERTA CANO ECHEVARRÍA Universidad de Valladolid 19 Wilfred Owen Wilfred Owen’s Search for Words TOMÁS MONTERREY Universidad de La Laguna FRANCISCO GARCÍA LORENZANA Y PEPA LINARES 25 Traductores de Muriel Spark Esplendida´ Spark In Memoriam. 1918-2006 LINGUISTICS TRIBUTES MARÍA JOSÉ LÓPEZ-COUSO & BELÉN MÉNDEZ-NAYA University of Santiago de Compostela 32 Matti Rissanen In Memoriam: Matti Rissanen, the linguist, the friend BEGOÑA BELLÉS FORTUÑO Universitat Jaume I 38 Deborah Schiffrin In Memoriam 3 nexus 2018-02 ÍNDICE LINGUISTICS TRIBUTES DANIEL GARCÍA VELASCO Universidad de Oviedo M.A.K. Halliday 41 El lenguaje segun M.A.K. Halliday ´ LITERATURE AND CULTURE AND LITERATURE RESEARCH PAPERS RESEARCH CLARA ESCODA Universitat de Barcelona 45 “Much Deeper than That”: Hegemonic Emotional Experiences and Affective Dissidences in Martin Crimp’s In the Republic of Happiness (2012) Research Project: British Theatre in the Twenty-First Century: Crisis, Affect, Community LINGUISTICS RESEARCH PAPERS RESEARCH MARÍA F. GARCÍA-BERMEJO GINER Universidad de Salamanca 57 Sources for the Lexical Study of the Southern Dialects, 1500-1900 ´ ´ 4 nexus 2018-02 ÍNDICE BOOK REVIEWS ALFONSO CEBALLOS Universidad de Cádiz The History of the Performance 68 of American Drama in Spain 1912- 1977. Theatre as a Weapon Against Political Authoritarianism Espejo, Ramon,´ 2017 AMANDA ROIG-MARÍN University of Cambridge The Routledge Research Companion 71 to John Gower Saez-Hidalgo, Ana, Brian Gastle & R.F. Yeager, eds., 2017 MACARENA GARCÍA-AVELLO Universidad de Cantabria Reporting the First World War in the 75 Liminal Zone. British and American Eyewitness Accounts from the Western Front ´ SERGIO MARÍN CONEJO Y MARÍA BURGUILLOS CAPEL Universidad de Sevilla Women's Prophetic Writings in 77 Seventeenth-Century Britain. Carme Font. 2017 JESSICA ALIAGA-LAVRIJSEN Centro Universitario de la Defensa Zaragoza Traumatic Memory and the Ethical, 81 Political and Transhistorical Functions of Literature ´ 5 nexus 2018-02 ÍNDICE BOOK REVIEWS PETRA FILIPOVÁ P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Slovakia Rethinking Gender in Popular 84 Culture in the 21st Century: Marlboro Men and California Gurls Astrid M. Fellner, Marta Fernandez-Morales´ and Martina Martausova,´ eds REBECA GUALBERTO VALVERDE 86 ´ Valls Oyarzun, Eduardo, 2017 REVIEW EXHIBITION PATRICIA ÁLVAREZ SÁNCHEZ Universidad de Málaga 90 Coetzee’s Universe in Black and White: ‘Photographs from Boyhood’ ‘Photograps from Boyhood’ INTERVIEW PATRICIA ÁLVAREZ SÁNCHEZ Universidad de Málaga Hermann Wittenberg 96 An Interview 6 nexus 2018-02 TRIBUTE | LITERATURE AND CULTURE MAR GALLEGO Universidad de Huelva Commemorating Frederick Douglass and Martin Luther King: African American Rhetoric and Black Masculinity 1 1 The author wishes to acknowledge the funding provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Research Project “Bodies in Transit 2”, ref. FFI2017-84555-C2-1-P), the European Regional Development Fund, and the Spanish Research Agency for the writing of this essay. 7 nexus 2018-02 You have seen how a man was made a slave [. .] you shall see how a slave was made a man Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave (1845) Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive hate; only love can do that Martin Luther King, Strength to Love (1963) s we commemorate the two hundredth anni- al speeches. Drawing from abolitionist and civil rights versary of Frederick Douglass’s birth and the discourses, they were able to advance a pathbreaking fiftieth anniversary of Martin Luther King’s critique of the racist past and present of the nation that A assassination in 20182, issues of violence and continues to resonate today. In so doing, they helped racism continue to cast a shadow over our to forge a distinct African American public voice, not understanding of what these two important celebrations exempt from contradictions and controversies. These may mean in contemporary US3. The two were preem- celebrated figures invite an exploration of the difficul- inent figures that became powerful voices in their rep- ties and complexities confronting them as public Af- resentation of the African American community at crit- rican American men. Such an exploration should aim ical junctures of American history: Douglass as the most to reach beyond congratulatory gestures and offer new eloquent nineteenth-century abolitionist activist and, insights into their complicated role in the struggle for after the Civil War, politician and diplomat; and King black equality in the US. In light of all this, it is fitting as the most iconic leader of the Civil Rights movement. to continue the investigation of what their contribu- Both of them were powerful and cogent voices against tions can provide as valuable lessons of the past for the racial discrimination, demanding equality and dignity present and the future. for the African American community. Their remarkable contributions instigated crucial changes that profound- ly transformed American society and history, and their 1. Contextualizing Douglass’s legacy is justly respected and cherished not only in the United States, but also throughout the world. Legacy Two Hundred Years Later Beyond their different backgrounds and historical peri- ods, it is my contention that they were strikingly simi- Lord, how come me here... lar. Douglass and King’s fight against racial injustice and There ain’t no freedom here, Lord... prejudice paved the way for a new conceptualization of They treat me so mean here, Lord... race and race relations, as well as a rethinking of relat- They sol’ my chillen away, Lord... ed categories such as humanity, dignity and manhood. Lord, how come me here... My purpose in this essay is twofold: on the one hand, to contextualize their legacy and historical significance Excerpted from a Traditional African American Spiritual as public figures from a contemporary perspective; and on the other, to place them in dialogue with ongoing scholarship on African American rhetoric and black Frederick Douglass became the leading African Ameri- masculinity by analyzing two of their most inspiration- can voice in the struggle over the abolition of slavery. A 2 I would like to express my deep gratitude to my colleagues and leading scholars Justine Tally and Isabel Soto for their insightful suggestions and comments on earlier drafts of this article. 3 In the adverse sociopolitical landscape in which the US is immersed nowadays, topics such as violence and the importance of life, especially whose lives matter, are essential. In the aftermath of the Charlottesville events on August 12 2017, the emergence of the alt-right and the increasing visibility of white supremacist groups, violence spreading on social media, and the rising threat of racism, the US is an increasingly acrimonious and unjust society. 8 nexus 2018-02 former slave, his significant contributions as an aboli- Congress to place his statue in the Capitol. Ironically tionist lecturer and spokesperson for the slave commu- enough, over recent years he has been considered the nity have been repeatedly acknowledged. His writings representation of the American self-made man, as Al- and lectures comprise an immense legacy which is based bert Murray points out: on his first-hand experiences as a slave, but also on his intimate knowledge of the workings of race and race re- lations in his country. Douglass was a pioneering voice Not even such justly canonized Founding Fathers as that forcefully articulated the myriad ways in which Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson [. .] represent race and racism shaped everyday life for both blacks a more splendid image and pattern for the contemporary and whites not only during slavery, but also during Re- American citizen. On balance, not even Abraham Lincoln construction. Arguably, his work was instrumental in was a more heroic embodiment of the American as self-made ending slavery, and in denouncing the continuation of man. After all, Lincoln, like Franklin and Jefferson, was born racist practices thereafter. Douglass was inspirational for free. (qtd. in Lowry 2013, 1). later movements, especially the Civil Rights movement, and remains a crucial referent for any critical race schol- ar to date. He definitively embodies the triumph over circum- stances, as he was able to raise his voice to denounce the As Robert McDonald states, he was a “hero, a voice horrors of slavery, and relentlessly fought against racial for liberty—one that should echo, resound, and in- and gender injustices till the very day of his death5. The spire others in the lingering struggle to bring equal- many events celebrating the freedom fighter and civil ity of treatment to men and women throughout the rights advocate on this 200th anniversary are thus a just United States” (2011, 5; emphasis in the original). tribute to what this fierce abolitionist, activist and au- Indeed, his message was empowering and inspiring in thor stood for, as Douglass has been an inspiration for his lifetime, as it undoubtedly contributed to bring the Civil rights movement and beyond6. For instance, about the abolition of slavery and to clear the way for in the city of Rochester where he lived longer than any universal suffrage4. His was the voice of many power- other place, mayor Lovely A.