HUMANITARIAN HUMANITARIAN PROGRAMME CYCLE 2020 NEEDS OVERVIEW ISSUED DECEMBER 2019 NIGERIA 1 HUMANITARIAN NEEDS OVERVIEW 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS About Get the latest updates Table of Contents This document is consolidated by OCHA on behalf of the Humanitarian Country OCHA coordinates humanitarian action to ensure Team and partners. It provides a shared understanding of the crisis, including the crisis-affected people receive the assistance and protection they need. It works to overcome obstacles most pressing humanitarian need and the estimated number of people who need that impede humanitarian assistance from reaching 04 Summary of Humanitarian Needs 54 Part 3: Annexes assistance. It represents a consolidated evidence base and helps inform joint people affected by crises, and provides leadership in strategic response planning. mobilizing assistance and resources on behalf of the Data Sources The designations employed and the presentation of material in the report do not humanitarian system. Methodology imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the www.unocha.org/nigeria 12 Part 1: Impact of the Crisis and Humanitarian Information Gaps and Limitations United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of twitter.com/ochanigeria Consequences Acronyms its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Context of the Crisis End Notes Impact of the Crisis PHOTO ON COVER Scope of Analysis Women and children in the reception centre in Arabic Humanitarian Consequences Village Camp are staying outside on mats or staying Severity of Needs in makeshift shelters put together with bamboo sticks, plastic sheets, and cloth. Approximately 2,500 People in Needs Humanitarian Response aims to be the central people are currently living in the reception centre, a website for Information Management tools and majority of them new arrivals from Rann in Kala/Balge Local Government Area. Photo: OCHA/Leni Kinzli services, enabling information exchange between clusters and IASC members operating within a 41 Part 2: Risk Analysis and Monitoring of Situation and protracted or sudden onset crisis. Needs www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/ Risk Analysis operations/nigeria Timleine of Events Projected Evolution of Needs Mointoring of Situation and Needs Humanitarian InSight supports decision-makers by giving them access to key humanitarian data. It provides the latest verified information on needs and delivery of the humanitarian response as well as financial contributions. www.hum-insight.com The Financial Tracking Service (FTS) is the primary provider of continuously updated data on global humanitarian funding, and is a major contributor to strategic decision making by highlighting gaps and priorities, thus contributing to effective, efficient and principled humanitarian assistance. fts.unocha.org 02 03 HUMANITARIAN NEEDS OVERVIEW 2020 SUMMARY OF Summary of Humanitarian Needs Severity of Needs TOTAL POPULATION PEOPLE AFFECTED PEOPLE IN NEED MINIMAL STRESS SEVERE EXTREME CATASTROPHIC 13.0M 13.0M 7.9M 9% 24% 29% 36% 0% BAMA/BORNO STATE, NIGERIA Web story new arrivals and malnutrition and forced displacement remain a major concern for the physical will be essential for the sustainability of returns[10]. Photo: OCHA/Eve Sabbagh and mental wellbeing of IDPs, returnees and host communities in the The food security situation in northeastern Nigeria significantly BAY states. Since the start of the conflict in 2009, over 36,000 people deteriorated in the course of 2019. Findings from the October 2019 have been killed in the BAY states – almost half of them civilians[ Cadre Harmonise analysis indicate that 2.9 million people are food 2]. In 2019 alone, more than 473 civilians were killed and 327 were insecure (CH/IPC Phase 3 to 5) across the BAY States. This marks injured as a result of the ongoing military and hostile activities by a 72 percent increase from October to December 2018 post-harvest NSAGs. The majority of those victims are males. Most of the killed/ period findings. In addition, around 3.8 million people in the BAY injured civilians were due to attacks without distinction or by collateral states are projected to be food insecure in June- August 2020 and damage. Some 22,000 people are still missing, which is the highest considered to be facing crisis or emergency situations (CH Phase 3 or number of missing persons globally,[ 3] and 60 per cent of them are 4). The marked deterioration in food security is linked to the upsurge minors[4]. A total of 1,947 cases of recruitment and use of children in insecurity as evident in renewed attacks by NSAGs, which have led by armed groups were reported in 2018. Sexual and gender-based to a new wave of displacements, and limited access to farming and violence is pervasive, with 99 per cent of reported cases being against grazing land essential for livelihood opportunities. This situation has women and girls[6]. stretched communal resources due to increased dependency from The past year has been characterized by waves of displacements IDPs and returnees. The nutrition situation is also worrying, with 1.1 caused by insecurity, increased attacks by non-state armed groups million children and women in need of immediate nutrition services. (NSAGs) and military operations carried out in response. Over 160,000 Global acute malnutrition (GAM) in children aged 6-59 months people have fled violent attacks or pre-emptively[7], resulting in remains highly concerning. GAM rates increased from 6.7 per cent in a significant increase in humanitarian needs and protection risks 2017 to 11 per cent in 2019, exceeding the WHO threshold of 10 per throughout 2019. Internally displaced persons face serious risks to cent. This is further exacerbated by weak health infrastructures, poor their safety, well-being and basic rights. UNDSS data indicates that infant and young child feeding practices, limited access to safe water in 2019, there was a total of 23 attacks on IDP camps, all in Borno and sanitation services, poor hygiene conditions and food insecurity. state. This resulted in 12 deaths, 23 injuries and 26 abductions as well Two-thirds of health facilities in the BAY states been damaged by the as looting of property. The civilian character of the camps is being conflict – a clear indication of the impact of the crisis on the health significantly compromised with military presence in a number of IDP system. camps, leading to increased reports of sexual exploitation and abuse In 2019, access to people in need became even more difficult Context and Impact of the Crisis people in the three crisis-affected states are in need of humanitarian and gender based violence. Meanwhile, IDP flight especially for those and constricted humanitarian space has meant the presence of Nigeria faces multiple crises, with a protracted conflict in Borno, assistance in 2020. The majority of the people in need are in who flee inaccessible areas report being held for years in hostage-like humanitarian actors and provision of aid are now largely confined to Adamawa, and Yobe (BAY) states, which has spread to neighbouring Borno State, the epicenter of the crisis. One in four of the affected situations by NSAGs with no access to basic services and suffering major cities and towns. Four local government areas (LGAs) in Borno Cameroon, Chad and Niger, intercommunal clashes in the northwest population is under 5 years of age. Women and children are the abuse. Once they are able to escape these conditions, they are are completely inaccessible to the humanitarian community. Access that have led to over 40,000 people crossing the border with Niger for face of the crisis. Women and children constitute 81% of the overall often treated with suspicion and stigma, undermining their ability to to seven other LGAs is limited to the perimeters of one or two towns, safety, and climate shocks such as drought and floods. Nigeria also crisis population and 87% of the new displacements. The gendered reintegrate into society. reachable only by helicopter. Access to rural populations in Borno hosts about 50,000 Cameroonian refugees in the west and faces a dimensions of displacement is having a significant impact on the Over 1.8 million people are still internally displaced and in need of is limited to a few areas around Maiduguri, along some main roads, widespread farmers/herders crisis in its middle belt region. status of women and girls especially within the context of mobility, urgent assistance in BAY states[8]. Some 244,000 Nigerians have and LGAs to the south of the state. Across the three states, a total According to the Global Risk Index INFORM,[1 ] Nigeria today is fragmentation of households, demoralization and trauma. found refuge in neighbouring Chad, Cameroon and Niger[9]. Available of 1.2 million people are inaccessible to humanitarian actors and cut amongst the countries with the highest overall projected conflict risk The crisis is predominantly a protection crisis characterized by grave information indicates 1.6 million people have returned to their areas of off from much needed humanitarian assistance. Despite the access index and increased risk in socio-economic vulnerability, inequality, violations of human rights and dignity. Protection concerns including origin or nearby camps since August 2015, indicating that conditions constraints, in 2019 humanitarian actors were able to reach 5.2 and food insecurity in 2019. After more than ten years of conflict, the killings and maiming, sexual violence and abuse,arbitrary arrests in some locations have improved. However, in 2019, over 20,000 million people with lifesaving humanitarian assistance, an average of humanitarian crisis in the BAY states remains one of the most severe and detention without access to justice and legal services, physical returnees moved back to camps or camp-like situations indicating 4.4 million in the past five years.