Iom Shelter Needs Assessment in Return Areas: Adamawa State

International Organization for Migration IOM SHELTER NEEDS ASSESSMENT IN RETURN AREAS: ADAMAWA STATE October 2017 Shelter Needs Assessment Report IOM Shelter Needs Assessment in Return Areas: Adamawa State Table of Content BACKGROUND ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 OBJECTIVE ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 COVERAGE ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 METHODOLOGY ……………………………………………………………………………….. 5 FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS Demographic Profile …………………………………………………………………………. 6 Housing, Land and Property ………………………………………………………………… 13 Housing Condition ……………………………………………………………………………18 Damage Assessment …………………………………………………………………………22 Access to Other Services …………………………………………………………………….29 RECOMMENDATIONS …………………………………………………………………………. 35 Page 1 IOM Shelter Needs Assessment in Return Areas: Adamawa State BACKGROUND In North-Eastern Nigeria, attacks and counter attacks have resulted in prolonged insecurity and endemic violations of human rights, triggering waves of forced displacement. Almost two million people remain displaced in Nigeria, and displacement continues to be a significant factor in 2017. Since late 2016, IOM and other humanitarian partners have been able to scale up on its activities. However, despite the will and hope of the humanitarian community and the Government of Nigeria and the dedication of teams and humanitarian partners in supporting them, humanitarian needs have drastically increased and the humanitarian response needs to keep scaling up to reach all the affected population in need. While the current humanitarian response covers all four states, the humanitarian access to large territories in Borno and Yobe States remains very limited. However, in Adamawa, many people have returned to their homes of origin in different LGAs which are accessible to the humanitarian community. While some people have started living in their damaged houses, some are renting or are sharing with relatives and neighbours, while some IDPs are being hosted by the host community. In order to support the voluntary return of the displaced population, as well as support non-displaced people who are affected, it is necessary to provide shelter assistance to the affected population to facilitate the self- help and more sustainable solutions. For this reason, it is of utmost importance to have a better understanding of the varying degrees of damages experienced by different segments of the affected population so that assistance can be targeted and tailored. With this purpose in mind, IOM conducted a household assessment in the worst affected LGAs of Adamawa district in August 2017 to gather more in-depth data regarding the shelter situation in those areas. This report captures the process and the findings form the assessment in order to provide better guidance as to the nature of shelter needs and to come collectively to a better solution. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this assessment is to find out the following: - The nature of shelter needs in the areas of return - The types of accommodation / housing used traditionally in the targeted areas - The varying level of damage sustained by the houses of the affected population - The demographic profile of the affected population along with the socio-economic condition - The access to water and sanitation facilities - The condition of the markets and access to construction materials, skilled labor and financial agents - The capacity of the affected population for self-help and recovery Through analysis and evaluation of information obtained from the assessment, the report aims to provide programmatic insights for internal and external use. The findings from the assessment will be used to feed back into ongoing projects as to the selection of areas of intervention as well as contribute to the design and implementation of future shelter assistance targeted at the covered population. Page 2 IOM Shelter Needs Assessment in Return Areas: Adamawa State COVERAGE The assessment covered 7 of the worst affected Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Adamawa State in North-East Nigeria, namely Gombi, Hong, Michika, Madagali, Maiha, Mubi North and Mubi South. For the 1,000 households assessed, the pie-chart on the right shows the distribution per LGA. The majority was assessed from Hong (210 HHs), followed by Michika (214 HHs), Mubi South GOMBI, 73 (161 HHs), Mubi North (144 HHs), Madagali (98 HHs), Maiha (96 HHs) and MAIHA, lastly Gombi (73 HHs). 96 MUBI MICHIKA, Within the LGAs, the different wards were NORTH, 144 selected according to their level of 214 damage, keeping in mind the level of MUBI accessibility. A total of 38 wards were SOUTH, 161 covered by the assessment, out of which 3 MADAGALI, are urban, 7 are peri-urban and the rest HONG, 210 98 are rural, as is demonstrated in the following table. Page 3 IOM Shelter Needs Assessment in Return Areas: Adamawa State LGA WARD VILLAGE GOMBI Gombi South Kwarwa Gombi North Labarge, Barkin Kasuwa Guyaku Dzangula, Guyaku, Sabon Kaura, Sabon Gari, Tela Bala, Kwakwara MICHIKA Futudou Karaphka, Ghunci Garta / Ghunchi Garta Jigalambu Jiddel Madzi Kube Kuko, Kuburshosho Michika I Michika Town, Central Michika II Michika Town, Kwabapale, Sangare11, Fulbere, Muni, Lughu, Mutsi Minkisi/ Wuro Ngiki Jiddel, Futuless, Vi Bokka Moda / Dlaka/ Ghenjuwa Dlaka, Barki Munkaviciata Muni Tumbara/Ngabili Kwabapale Vi /Boka Vi Bokka MADAGALI Duhu/ Shuwa Pedukwo, Yelwa, Duhu, Shuwa Gulak Gar, Kubu, Mararaba Jatau, Gulak, Lumore, Gwram, Bakin Duse Hyambula Sabon Gari, Shabana, Njillang Madagali Burha A, Humsi, Yelwa, Kaigamma, Vizik, Hurgo, Cheleke, Dissa HONG Garaha Kwapre, Garaha Mojili, Dabna, Mojili, Anguran Gada Hong Kukurpu, Anguwan Hausawa B, Filin Idi, Angura Kwarhi Sabon Layi, Sabon Gari, Marraraban Mubi, Maraba, Lumba, Kwarhi, Kwapre, Jauro Mahmudu, Jauro Yuguda, Dabna, Barkin Kasuwa, Anguwan Kargama Mayo Lope Bakin Rigiya, Marraraban Mubi Thilbang Anguran Gada, Thabu, Garaha Mojili, Anguran Jauro Gudu Uba Uba, Dumde MUBI NORTH Betso Betso, Husera Tumbal, Kaya, Muvur, Tumbal, Wamu / Wumu Lokuwa Lokuwa Mayo Bani Muva Muchalla Muvur, Daka Vimtim Making Taya, Muvur, Vimtim Yelwa Yelwa MUBI SOUTH Gude Gidan Madara, Monduva, Chandal, Mujara, Wuro Pataje, Sabon Pegi, Gashiga, Bukula, Tudun Wada Kwaja Gima Lamorde Ashigashya, Garta, Nkpor, Damagun, Lumurde, Madagali, Kabang, Buhali, Wurodibir, Gima, Sabon Pegi, Arahaukunu, Tudun Wada, Shangak Nassarawo Gashiga, Sebore, Wale MAIHA Humbutudi Humbutudi, Madeda, Lumore Manjekin Paiwawol, Malsmin, Hubare, Matumai Mayonguli Hulmare, Hamdalla Pakka Ngenge, Madeda Urban Peri - urban Rural Page 4 IOM Shelter Needs Assessment in Return Areas: Adamawa State METHODOLOGY With the affected population dispersed over a wide geographic area and residing in a variety of accommodation types, it was vital to choose a methodology and sampling strategy that could provide a baseline of useful information at both an operational and a programmatic level. The sample to be representative of 116,440 households would have been too large to cover and collecting a useful and representative sample in each of these LGAs would have required an immense logistical and financial operation which raised practical concern. In response, the sample size of 1,000 households was determined based on the human resource available for conducting the assessment as well as the time available for the purpose. The 7 LGAs in Adamawa were selected based on the severity of damage that households have experienced to their houses and property. The total population of the 7 LGAs were gathered from the most updated Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM Round XVI) of the time. The combined population of IDPs and Returnees was considered for calculating the sample size per LGA and the households numbers to be assessed were spread out proportionately, meaning the sample size was proportionate to the number of returnees and IDPs . The following table gives the breakdown: No LGA RETURNEE IDP TOTAL Percentage No of HH assessed 1 Gombi 52,616 2,251 54,867 7.32 73 2 Hong 166,567 3,714 170,281 22.72 227 3 Madagali 59,957 18,355 78,312 10.45 105 4 Maiha 56,252 14,887 71,139 9.49 95 5 Michika 124,280 26,152 150,432 20.07 201 6 Mubi 97,080 10,889 107,969 14.41 144 (North) 7 Mubi 110,554 5,886 116,440 15.54 155 (South) TOTAL = 749,440 100.00 1,000 The assessment questionnaire was designed to collect quantitative data, with a few open-ended questions and observational questions to complement with qualitative information. The questionnaire was developed based on the draft questionnaire shared by the Shelter/CCCM/DMS Working Group and adding questions to collect more information as well as making some changes to contextualize the tool. A total of 14 IOM Staff took part in the data collection. The staff was deployed in 7 teams each consisting two members to cover the 7 LGAs. Their selection was done based on communication skills, familiarity with the locations, language compatibility and ensuring gender balance. The assessment was conducted through door-to-door visits and the respondents were selected randomly from the worst affected Wards. Strict adherence to IOM’s Data Protection Principles was applied. IDPs were informed about the purpose of the survey, its voluntary nature, confidentially and their willing consent was taken to participate. Page 5 IOM Shelter Needs Assessment in Return Areas: Adamawa State FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS : DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE Page 6 IOM Shelter Needs Assessment in Return Areas: Adamawa State HEAD OF HOUSEHOLDS Out of the 1,000 HHs surveyed, only 19% were female-headed households,

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