Environmental Monitoring Report
Project Number: 36352-013 April 2015
VIE: Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project
Prepared by Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project Management Board (SB4HPMB) for the Vietnam Electricity and the Asian Development Bank.
This environmental monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Monitoring and Assessment of Environmental Quality
FINAL REPORT – CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Prepared by SOCIALCONSULT April 2015
Monitoring and Assessment of Environmental Quality
FINAL REPORT – CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project
Prepared by SOCIALCONSULT
Hanoi, April 2015
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
ABBREVIATIONS
ADB Asian Development Bank BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD Chemical Oxygen Demand DARD Division of Agriculture and Rural Development DONRE Division of Natural Resources and Environment EMC Environmental Monitoring Consultant EMP Environmental Management Plan EVN Electricity of Vietnam HPP Hydropower Project MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment NRMB Nature Reserve Management Board QCVN National Technical Regulation of Vietnam RCC Roller-compacted concrete SB4 Song Bung 4 SB4 HPMB Song Bung 4 Hydropower Management Board TSP Total Suspended Particles TSS Total Suspended Solids
FINAL REPORT ii SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
TABLES OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 10 I. INTRODUCTION ...... 12 1.1. Introduction ...... 12 1.2. Objectives of the final report ...... 12 II. PROJECT BACKGROUND AND CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS ...... 13 2.1. Project background ...... 13 2.2. Summary of the project progress from the pre-construction phase to the end construction phase...... 16 2.2.1. Construction progress of project components ...... 16 2.2.2. Progress of compensation, assistance and resettlement ...... 21 III. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS ...... 24 3.1. Environmental monitoring visits in the pre-construction phase and the construction phase ...... 24 3.2. Legal and technical bases for implementation of environmental monitoring and management of the Project ...... 24 3.2.1. Legal bases ...... 24 3.2.2. Technical documents ...... 26 3.3. Monitoring objectives and activities ...... 26 3.3.1. Objectives ...... 26 3.3.2. Monitoring activities ...... 26 3.4. Methodology ...... 27 3.4.1. Field survey and observation ...... 30 3.4.2. Measurement, sampling and comparison with National Technical Regulations 30 3.4.3. Consultations with relevant agencies and stakeholders ...... 30 IV. RESULTS OF MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN THE PROJECT AREA ...... 32 4.1. Results of monitoring and assessment of air and water ...... 32 4.1.1. Monitoring and assessment of air quality ...... 32 4.1.2. Monitoring and assessment of surface water quality ...... 50 4.1.3. Monitoring and assessment of underground water ...... 64 4.1.4. Monitoring and assessment of domestic water quality ...... 73 4.1.5. Monitoring and assessment of domestic wastewater quality ...... 81 4.2. The results of preliminary monitoring and assessment of ecological environment and biodiversity ...... 89 4.2.1. Positions and parameters for ecological environment monitoring ...... 89
FINAL REPORT iii SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
4.2.2. Wildlife ...... 90 4.2.3. Aquatic life ...... 95 4.2.4. Change in vegetation ...... 97 4.2.5. Replacement afforestation ...... 101 4.3. Health of local people and workers in the project area ...... 102 4.3.1. Health of local people in the project area ...... 102 4.3.2. Health of project workers in the construction phase ...... 102 V. AGENCIES INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 104 5.1. Agencies involved in the project environmental management ...... 104 5.2. The cooperation of relevant agencies in the environmental management of the Project 106 VI. RESULTS OF THE MONITORING OF CONTRACTORS’ COMPLIANCE WITH IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES ...... 108 6.1. Implementation of mitigation measures for impacts on air quality ...... 108 6.1.1. Mitigation measures envisaged in the EMP and contractors’ compliance ...... 108 6.1.2. Assessment of effectiveness of implementation of mitigation measures for impacts on air quality and improvement of compliance of contractors ...... 113 6.2. Implementation of mitigation measures for impacts on water quality ...... 114 6.2.1. Mitigation measures specified in the EMP and compliance of contractors ..... 114 6.2.2. Assessment of effectiveness of implementation of mitigation measures for impacts on water quality and improvement of compliance of contractors ...... 118 6.3. Implementation of solid waste management and treatment measures ...... 119 6.3.1. Mitigation measures specified in the EMP and compliance of contractors ..... 119 6.3.2. Assessment of effectiveness of implementation of solid waste management and treatment measures and improvement of compliance of contractors ...... 124 6.4. Implementation of hazardous waste management and treatment measures ...... 125 6.4.1. Mitigation measures specified in the EMP and compliance of contractors ..... 125 6.4.2. Assessment of effectiveness of implementation of hazardous waste management and treatment measures and improvement of compliance of contractors ...... 130 6.5. Implementation of mitigation measures for erosion and landslides ...... 130 6.5.1. Mitigation measures specified in the EMP and compliance of contractors ..... 130 6.5.2. Assessment of effectiveness of implementation of mitigation measures for erosion and landslides and improvement of compliance of contractors ...... 133 6.6. Implementation of mitigation measures for fire and explosion hazards ...... 133 6.6.1. Mitigation measures specified in the EMP and compliance of contractors ..... 133
FINAL REPORT iv SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
6.6.2. Assessment of effectiveness of implementation of mitigation measures for fire and explosion hazards and improvement of compliance of contractors ...... 137 6.7. Implementation of measures for the health and occupational safety of workers ...... 137 6.7.1. Measures specified in the EMP and compliance of contractors ...... 137 6.7.2. Assessment of effectiveness of implementation of measures for the health and occupational safety of workers and improvement of compliance of contractors ...... 142 6.8. Cleaning of reservoir bed and dismantlement of worker camps, auxiliary facilities prior to the project completion...... 143 6.8.1. Cleaning of reservoir bed ...... 143 6.8.2. Dismantlement of worker camps and auxiliary facilities ...... 146 VII. PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING IN THE OPERATION PHASE 148 VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 153 Conclusions ...... 153 Recommendations ...... 156 APPENDICES ...... 157 Appendix 1: Terms of Reference ...... 157 Appendix 2: Results of environmental monitoring...... 163 Appendix 3: Pictures of Project implementation process ...... 191 Appendix 3.1: Development of project through stages ...... 191 Appendix 3.2: Pictures of sampling and monitoring ...... 195
FINAL REPORT v SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Construction progress of civil work components ...... 17 Table 2: Progress of compensation, assistance and resettlement ...... 21 Table 3: Implemented environmental monitoring visits ...... 24 Table 4: Methodology for the environmental monitoring during the construction phase... 28 Table 5: Participants and Contents of Consultations ...... 30 Table 6: Sampling positions for air in the monitoring visits ...... 33 Table 7: Analysis results of baseline air quality in the project area ...... 37 Table 8: Analysis results of air quality ...... 37 Table 9: Air quality in the dam site in the monitoring visits ...... 38 Table 10: Air quality in the construction area of the tunnels ...... 41 Table 11: Air quality in the quarry and crushing plant in the monitoring visits ...... 44 Table 12: Air quality in the powerhouse in the monitoring visits ...... 47 Table 13: Noise and vibration in the residential areas nearby the project area ...... 48 Table 14: Noise and vibration in the RCC mixing plant ...... 49 Table 15: Sampling positions for surface water in the monitoring visits ...... 50 Table 16: Quality of surface water in the project area during the prepration of the EIA report ...... 52 Table 17: Results of the surface water analysis in the pre-construction phase ...... 54 Table 18: Quality of surface water in upstream of the construction site in the monitoring visits ...... 55 Table 19: Quality of the surface water in the downstream of the construction site in the monitoring visits ...... 60 Table 20: Sampling positions for underground water in the monitoring visits ...... 66 Table 21: Quality of underground water in the project area ...... 69 Table 22: Quality of underground water in the project area in the monitoring visits ...... 70 Table 23: Sampling positions for domestic water in the monitoring visits ...... 74 Table 24: Quality of domestic water in worker camps in the monitoring visits ...... 77 Table 25: Sampling positions for domestic wastewater in the monitoring visits ...... 82 Table 26: Quality of domestic water in the camp of SinoHydro ...... 84 Table 27: Quality of domestic wastewater in camp 45 and in camp 13 ...... 87 Table 28: Monitoring positions and parameters for ecological environment ...... 89 Table 29: Regional fauna in the project area ...... 90 Table 30: Number of terrestrial vertebrate fauna species in different habitats ...... 90 Table 31: Orders in the proposed construction area of Song Bung 4 Hydropower Plant .. 91 Table 32: Rare animals in the project area ...... 92
FINAL REPORT vi SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 33: Bird species composition in the project area ...... 92 Table 34: Rare bird species in the project area ...... 93 Table 35: Structure of amphibians and reptiles ...... 93 Table 36: Rare species of reptiles in the project area ...... 93 Table 37: Rare species of amphibians in the project area ...... 93 Table 38: Presence of fish species in Bung River and Vu Gia River...... 95 Table 39: Flora in the surveyed area as outlined in the EIA report ...... 97 Table 40: rare and precious plant species in the surveyed area ...... 97 Table 41: Implementation of mitigation measures for impacts on air quality ...... 109 Table 42: Implementation of mitigation measures for impacts on water ...... 115 Table 43: Implementation of solid waste management and treatment measures ...... 120 Table 44: Implementation of hazardous waste management and treatment measures ..... 126 Table 45: Implementation of mitigation measures for erosion and landslides ...... 131 Table 46: Implementation of mitigation measures for fire and explosion hazards ...... 134 Table 47: Implementation of measures for worker’s health and occupational safety ...... 138 Table 48: Implementation of the reservoir bed cleaning ...... 144 Table 49: Plan for environmental monitoring visits in the operation phase in compliance with the approved EMP ...... 149
FINAL REPORT vii SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Location map of Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project ...... 13 Figure 2: Sampling positions for air in the monitoring visits ...... 36 Figure 3: Air quality during the construction phase in the dam site ...... 40 Figure 4: Air quality in the construction sites of the tunnels during the construction phase ...... 43 Figure 5: Air quality in the quarry and the crushing plant during the construction phase 45 Figure 6: Map of sampling positions in the monitoring visits ...... 50 Figure 7: Quality of surface water in the upstream of the construction site ...... 58 Figure 8: Quality of the surface water in the downstream of the construction site ...... 63 Figure 9: Sampling positions for underground water in the monitoring visits ...... 68 Figure 10: Sampling positions for domestic water in the monitoring visits ...... 77 Figure 11: Quality of domestic water in worker camps in the monitoring visits ...... 80 Figure 12: Sampling positions for domestic wastewater in the monitoring visits...... 84 Figure 13: Quality of domestic water in the camp of SinoHydro ...... 86 Figure 14: Quality of domestic wastewater in camp 45 and in camp 13 ...... 88 Figure 15: Severely affected tropical broadleaf evergreen forest in the reservoir bed ...... 98 Figure 16: Vegetation in the quarry ...... 99 Figure 17: Vegetation in the dam site before and in construction phase ...... 100 Figure 18: Closed evergreen forest surrounding the construction sites ...... 100 Figure 19: Shrub layer surrounding the construction sites ...... 101 Figure 20: Diagram of Environmental management of SB4 HPP ...... 104 Figure 21: Construction materials were not covered during transportation ...... 109 Figure 22: Water tank trucks of the contractor ...... 110 Figure 23: Water sprays and covering were applied in the crushing and screening plant ...... 111 Figure 24: Repair and improvement of transporting routes ...... 112 Figure 25: Rock crushing plant nearby sub-tunnel 1 before and after water spray system was turned on in the 11th environmental monitoring (April 2013) ...... 113 Figure 26: Transporting vehicles emitting black smoke ...... 114 Figure 27: Some construction wastewater sedimentation tanks ...... 116 Figure 28: Sedimentation tank and septic tank ...... 117 Figure 29: Sedimentation tanks were not frequently dredged ...... 118 Figure 30: Kitchen wastewater sedimentation tanks in main camps ...... 119 Figure 31: Waste disposal sites in construction sites ...... 120 Figure 32: Waste containers in worker camps ...... 121
FINAL REPORT viii SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Figure 33: Waste classification in worker camps ...... 122 Figure 34: Waste pits in disposal site 1 ...... 123 Figure 35: Littering in worker camps...... 124 Figure 36: Waste pit in camp 45 in different monitoring visits ...... 125 Figure 37: Treatment of hazardous waste incompliant with regulations ...... 127 Figure 38: Vehicle repair area of contractor Song Da 5 ...... 127 Figure 39: Lubricant and waste lubricant storages ...... 128 Figure 40: Ending section of a trench for waste lubricant collection ...... 128 Figure 41: Sedimentation tank in fuelling station in the quarry ...... 129 Figure 42: Retaining wall in landslide-prone area and drainage along access road ..... 131 Figure 43: Mitigation measures for landslides ...... 132 Figure 44: Repair of landslides ...... 133 Figure 45: Warning signs were placed in blasting areas ...... 134 Figure 46: “No smoking” and “No fire” signs in a petrol storage area ...... 135 Figure 47: Illustrations of regulations on occupational safety in the powerhouse ...... 138 Figure 48: First aid training for workers (June 2012) ...... 139 Figure 49: Using personal protective equipment by workers ...... 142 Figure 50: Salvage logging in reservoir bed area ...... 145 Figure 51: Site restoration in camps and auxiliary works ...... 147
FINAL REPORT ix SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project is located in the Vu Gia – Thu Bon hydropower cascade. The project was commenced in Q2/2010 and completed in Q1/2015. The hydropower plant has a capacity of 156MW and average annual energy of 586.25 million Kwh. In the preparation and construction phases of the Project Environmental Monitoring Consultant conducted 17 environmental monitoring visits from May 2010 to November 2014. The monitoring process recorded the following results: (i) Air quality: Air quality in the construction phase was affected by construction activities showing by the noise level and content of dust measured in the monitoring visits in these phases that exceed the allowable limits of national environmental regulations in some peak construction periods. However, level of noise and dust pollution in construction sites is low, local and temporary. (ii) Surface water quality: There is no significant difference in the content of suspended solids, organic substances and Coliforms in the downstream and upstream of construction sites. The key matter for surface water in the project area is suspended solid. However, the construction of Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project is one of the factors that impact surface water. Other factors include erosion and landslide in the project area and the upstream area. (iii) Quality of underground water and domestic water: quality of domestic water in the project area was qualified for domestic use; however, domestic water should be filtered and boiled before drinking. Turbidity and content of Coliforms in domestic water in worker camps measured in several monitoring visits did not meet regulated limits; however, contractors made improvements in processing this issue. (iv) Quality of domestic waste: Magnitude of impact on the environment by domestic waste generated by workers during the construction phase was considered medium. Although contractors applied mitigation measures for the impact, domestic waste in worker camps after being treated had some parameters that did not meet the regulated limits of the QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT. (v) Occupational safety and the health of workers: Contractors applied measures for occupational safety meaningfully; however, due to poor awareness of a number of construction workers, some traffic accidents and occupational accidents still occurred on construction sites.
Executive Summary 10 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
(vi) Ecological environment and biodiversity: the main impact of the Project is loss of vegetation in the reservoir and head works construction sites. During the project implementation process, illegal hunting still happened in the project area; however, construction workers of the Project caused no case of illegal hunting. (vii) Replacement afforestation: Completion of afforestation for an area of 141.5ha of protective and 65.057ha of special-use forest. (viii) Site restoration: For the camps that have been no longer used, contractors conducted dismantlement and returning to their original state in order to avoid impact on landscape and the environment. Planting trees on restored waste disposal sites was carried out in Q1/2015.
Executive Summary 11 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
I. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Introduction
Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project (SB4 HPP) is located in the Vu Gia – Thu Bon hydropower cascade. The Project is approved by the Minister of Industry by the Decision No. 875/QĐ-KHDT dated 2 May, 2003. The Project is implemented by Electricity of Vietnam (EVN) and financed by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project Management Broad (SB4HPMB) is assigned to manage the construction of the Project. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) of the Project was approved in the borrowing process and updated in consistence with the Loan Agreement No. 2429 – VIE signed October 6, 2008 between the Government and ADB. Environmental monitoring will be implemented by an Environmental Monitoring Consultant (EMC) in order to mitigation measures for environmental impacts are tailored to the requirements envisaged in the approved EMP. 1.2. Objectives of the final report According to the requirements outlined in the Terms of Reference, EMC will be responsible for monitoring and submitting inception report, quarterly monitoring reports, annual monitoring reports and final report to the SB4 HPMB. The final report will be prepared and submitted when the construction process accomplishes.
Objectives of the final report – prepared for construction phase are to: (i) Report on implemented periodic monitoring activities; (ii) Report on results of environmental quality monitoring during the preparation and construction phases of the Project: summarize the variation in environmental quality by time and impacts of the Project on the environment in the project are; (iii) Report on results of the monitoring of compliance with environmental protection measures by contractors during the preparation and construction phases of the Project: assess the level of compliance and effectiveness of the implementation of mitigation measures for environmental impacts by contractors; (iv) Propose recommendations for outstanding environmental issues and prepare environmental monitoring plan for operation phase;
Project Introduction 12 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
II. PROJECT BACKGROUND AND CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS 2.1. Project background
SB4 Hydropower Plant is located on Bung River – a branch of Vu Gia River in Nam Giang District of Quang Nam Province. The basin area to the dam of SB4 HPP is 1,477 km2; the length of the main river is about 106.6km. The project is located in Ta Poo and Zuoih Communes of Nam Giang District, Quang Nam Province. The powerhouse is located in Ta Poo Commune of Nam Giang District, Quang Nam Province.
Figure 1: Location map of Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project The main duty of the project is power generation for the national grid with the capacity of 156MW and average annual energy of 514.1 million Kwh. Along with other hydropower projects in the area, the project will also be effective in flood control and water supply for the downstream area. During the construction phase, the project will create jobs for local inhabitants and develop service types in construction site. When the project is completed, the project area will become a focused residential location with a relatively adequate infrastructure. The operation of the powerhouse and traffic system that is used for construction before will provide opportunities for economic and social exchange for the project area with local economic and social centers; it is also to improve the exploitation of potential inherence of the left bank of Bung River.
Project background and Construction progress 13 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
According to the engineering design of the construction under the SB4 HPP that is approved by Board of Directors (BOD) by the Decision 352/QĐ-EVN-HĐQT dated 03 July, 2009, the plant consists of the following salient figures: Basin features: 2 - Area of basin (FLV): 1448km 3 - Mean annual flow (Qo): 63.5m /s 6 3 - Total annual flow (Wo): 2002.10 m /s Reservoir: - Fully supply level (MNDBT): 222.5m - Minimum operating level (MNC): 205m - Gross storage: 510.8 million m3 - Active storage: 233.99 million m3 - Reservoir area at FSL: 15.65km2 Water level in downstream of the plant: -Maximum downstream water level: 123,4m - Minimum downstream water level: 97.4m (= 60% Qmax of 1 generator under operation) - Downstream water level when 2 generators under operation: 99.3m - Qmax through the plant: 166m3/s Head: - Maximum head (Hmax): 121.3m - Minimum head (Hmin): 101.6m - Medium head (Htb): 112.73m Energy parameters: - Installed capacity (NLm): 156MW - Firm capacity (Nđb): 35.93MW - Mean annual energy (Eo): 586.25 million kWh
Weir: - Type: Gravity RCC - Dam crest level : 229m - Length of dam peak : 345m - Max height of dam : 114m
Project background and Construction progress 14 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Spillway: - Type: WES - Crest elevation: 229m - Overfall gap: 6 gaps, size 12x12m/gap - Design flood discharge: 8602m3/s - Check flood frequency: 10798m3/s - Elevation of scour hole bottom: 110m - Width of scour hole: 40m Other works: - Concrete-lined headrace tunnel: length: 3.2km, inside diameter: 7.2m - Intake gate: Tower-type, threshold elevation 188.6m - Surge tank: Reinforced concrete well-type, diameter 16m - Powerhouse: Reinforced concrete open-type, size (65.5mx20.8mx8.29m) - Distribution station: Outdoor, size 90mx49m, connected with the grid system by 220kVdouble-circuit line - Turbine: Vertical Francis turbine, diameter of turbine runner 2.95m - Generator: Vertical three-phase, capacity of 78MW, f=50hz - Gross investment (approved): 4,981.97billion VND Civil work components of the project include dam, spillway, diversion intake, intake gate, headrace tunnel, surge tank, powerhouse and tailrace canal, 220kV distribution station and connection to the power system, site office, access roads to resettlement sites and to the national traffic routes. In addition to the main works, the project also has auxiliary works to serve the construction such as waste disposal sites, steel processing shop, rock exploitation areas.
Project background and Construction progress 15 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
2.2. Summary of the project progress from the pre-construction phase to the end construction phase 2.2.1. Construction progress of project components Key progress milestones: - Commencement: June 2010 - Impoundment: January 2012 - Diversion intake closure: August 2014 - Operation of generator 1: September 2014 - Operation of generator 2: October 2014 - Completion of construction: Q1/2015 Construction progress of civil work components is given in the Table 1:
Project background and Construction progress 16 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 1: Construction progress of civil work components
Construction progress Components 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Worker camps Under construction Being used Being used Being used Camps were dismantled before the project is handed over Waste disposal sites 1, Leveling Being used Being used Being used Waste disposal sites 2, 3, 4 were handled before the project is handed over Auxiliary works Under construction Laboratory, explosive Being used Being used Auxiliary works storage and lubricant were dismantled and gasoline storage before the project is were constructed. handed over; the Construction of quarry was handed access road to rock over to the local quarry and authorities. overburden stripping were started; Access road Construction of 12km Being used Being used Being used Being used of road portion from National Road 14D to
Project Introduction 17 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Construction progress Components 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 the powerhouse was completed. Site office Site office was Being used Being used Being used Being used substantially completed and put into operation. Main tunnel, sub- Construction started Construction of the Concreting for the Concreting for tunnel Headrace tunnel was tunnels sub-tunnel 1 was tunnels was lining was 100% completed, checked completed and conducted. completed and and taken over. construction of the concreting to fill in main tunnel was access tunnel was not started; the sub-tunnel completed. 2 was being constructed; Surge tank Soil excavation was Under construction Excavation and Concreting for the Completed, checked conducted. reinforcement for the surge tank was 100% and taken over. foundation were completed. completed. Concreting was about carried out. Main dam and Soil excavation was Concreting for dam Placing of RCC was 844,565m3/850,000m3 Placing RCC for the spillway conducted in the right was conducted. conducted in both the of RCC was placed main dam and the
Project Introduction 18 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Construction progress Components 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 abutment. right and the left for the main dam and spillway was abutments. 17,510m3/35,867m3 completed on April for the spillway. 1, 2004.
Diversion intake Construction of Construction was Construction was - Diversion intake was diversion intake basically completed; fully completed. closed. On August 1 started valve of diversion 2014, diversion intake was being intake was closed to installed; retain water in the reservoir. Intake gate Not yet constructed Foundation was Concreting for intake Concreting and Construction of reinforced before gate was completed; installation of intake gate, headrace concreting. Contractor was equipment were tunnel and penstock constructing access conducted. was completed and bridge. these works were checked and taken over. Powerhouse Not yet constructed Not yet constructed Deep excavation for Activity of concreting Completed, checked foundation in the powerhouse and taken over. reinforcement was was substantially completed; 9,700 m3 completed; the of foundation were concreting phase 2 for
Project Introduction 19 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Construction progress Components 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 concreted. fixed parts was not accomplished. Roof was completed. Distribution station Not yet constructed Not yet constructed Not yet constructed Excavation of Construction and foundation pit of the installation of station was equipment were completed. completed. Concreting for pier foundation of the substation was conducted. Installation of electro- Not yet conducted Not yet conducted Not yet conducted Installation of electro- Installation of mechanical equipment mechanical equipment electro-mechanical and hydro-mechanical and hydro-mechanical equipment and equipment equipment was hydro-mechanical conducted. equipment were completed.
Project Introduction 20 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
2.2.2. Progress of compensation, assistance and resettlement Progress of compensation, assistance and resettlement by project components is given in the Table 2: Table 2: Progress of compensation, assistance and resettlement
Implementation progress Resettlement 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Compensation, Completion of Completion of Completion of Support for claiming - Site clearance, assistance and site compensation and compensation and compensation and terraced land, building compensation and clearance assistance plan for assistance plan for assistance plan for community house assistance for the access roads to access road to PaDhi affected households in (Guol house) and for main works and construction sites, Resettlement Site and Pa Rum A and cost of ceremonies in reservoir bed were access roads to completion of power PaRum B, Taul accordance with completed. resettlement sites and supply system for the Villages – Cha Val customs of their place office site; main dam, resettlement site Commune and host community auxiliary works, Pa in Parum A, Parum B, Pang Resettlement PaDhi Villages. Site, waste disposal sites; and flood-proof road National Highway 14D Access road to Not yet conducted Construction was Completed, handed Being used Being used PaRum B resettlement completed; Dossiers over and put into site (combination with were being prepared operation the construction road to hand over the
Project background and Construction progress 21 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Implementation progress Resettlement 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 of Song Bung 2 HPP) access road. Access road to Pa Not yet conducted 13.4/15.4km of road Two-thirds (2/3) of Completed, handed Being used Pang Site resettlement was covered with the package was over and put into site graded aggregates and completed. operation asphalted. Access to PaDhi Not yet conducted Soil excavation for Construction of the Handed over and put Being used resettlement site road bed was being section from Cong into operation. conducted and Don Village to Zuoih drainage and Commune was macadam layer 1 were completed; being constructed. Construction of macadam layer 1 was being implemented. Pa Pang Resettlement Not yet conducted Construction of public Handed over and put Being used Being used site infrastructures and into operation. facilities was 80% completed. Households completed 90% of construction of their houses. Parum A, Parum B Not yet conducted The SB4 HPMB Public infrastructures Construction was Completed, handed
Project background and Construction progress 22 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Implementation progress Resettlement 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 and PaDhi approved the design were being 100% complete. over and put into resettlement sites and of the resettlement constructed. operation. administrative Center sites made on Construction of PaDhi of Zuoih Commune November 25, 2011 resettlement site was and issued bidding finished. documents for the component. Po wer supply for Not yet conducted Under construction Under construction 35kV transmission Electricity was resettlement sites line supplying power provided in PaPang, for the resettlement Parum A, Parum B sites was handed over and PaDhi and put into resettlement sites operation.
Project background and Construction progress 23 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
III. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS 3.1. Environmental monitoring visits in the pre-construction phase and the construction phase The SB4 HPMB engaged and contracted with the EMC in August 2009. The first field survey was conducted in the project area in November 2009 in order to plan for the monitoring visits. The environmental monitoring visits carried out from the pre- construction phase to the construction phase are presented in the Table 3: Table 3: Implemented environmental monitoring visits
Order Environmental monitoring visits Time Phase 1 The 1st environmental monitoring May 2010 Pre-construction phase 2 The 2nd environmental monitoring August 2010 Construction phase 3 The 3rd environmental monitoring December 2010 Construction phase 4 The 4th environmental monitoring April 2011 Construction phase 5 The 5th environmental monitoring August 2011 Construction phase 6 The 6th environmental monitoring January 2012 Construction phase 7 The 7th environmental monitoring April 2012 Construction phase 8 The 8th environmental monitoring July 2012 Construction phase 9 The 9th environmental monitoring October 2012 Construction phase 10 The 10th environmental monitoring January 2013 Construction phase 11 The 11th environmental monitoring April 2013 Construction phase 12 The 12th environmental monitoring July 2013 Construction phase 13 The 13th environmental monitoring October 2013 Construction phase 14 The 14th environmental monitoring January 2014 Construction phase 15 The 15th environmental monitoring April 2014 Construction phase 16 The 16th environmental monitoring July 2014 Construction phase 17 The 17th environmental monitoring November 2014 Construction phase
3.2. Legal and technical bases for implementation of environmental monitoring and management of the Project
3.2.1. Legal bases - Law on Environmental Protection No. 52/2005/QH11 dated November 29, 2005, taken effect from July 1, 2006 to January 1, 2015 (and replaced by the Vietnam Environmental Protection Law No 55/2014/QH13 dated June 23, 2014, entered into force as from January 1, 2015)
Summary of Environmental Monitoring Implementation Process 24 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
- Law on Land No. 13/2003/QH11 dated November 26, 2003, entered into force from July 1, 2004 to July 1, 2014 (replaced by Law on Land No. 45/2013/QH13 dated November 29, 2013, come into force as from July 1, 2014); - Law on Water Resources No. 08/1998/QH10 dated May 20, 1998, taken effect from January 1, 1999 to January 1, 2013 (replaced by Law on Water Resources No.17/2012/QH13 dated June 21, 2012, entered into force from January 1, 2013); - Law on Forest Protection and Development No.29/2004/QH11 passed by the Xth National Assembly of Vietnam on 14 December 2004, taken effect as from April 1, 2005;
- Decree No.59/2007/NĐ-CP on Solid Waste Management dated April 9, 2007 - Decree No.81/2006/NĐ-CP on the sanction of administrative violations in the domain of environmental protection, dated August 9, 2006 (replaced by Decree No.179/2013/NĐ-CP on the sanction of administrative violations in the domain of environmental protection, dated November 14, 2013, taken effect as from December 12, 2013)
- Decree No.81/2007/NĐ-CP dated May 23, 2007, regulating professional organizations and departments on environmental protection in state authorities and state enterprises;
- Decree No.120/2008/NĐ-CP on River Basin Management, dated December 1, 2008;
- Decree No. 23/2006/NĐ-CP dated March 3, 2006 of the Government on the Implementation of the Law on Forest Protection and Development - Circular No. 13/2007/TT-BXD of the Ministry of Construction, guiding a number of articles of Decree No. 59/2007/NĐ-CP on Solid Waste Management, dated April 9, 2007 - Circular No. 12/2011/TT-BTNMT dated April 14, 2011, stipulating Hazardous Waste Management, entered into force as from June 1, 2011. - Loan Agreement 2429-VIE duly signed between Asia Development Bank (ADB) and the Government of Vietnam on June 10, 2008; - National Environmental Technical Standards and Regulations; power industry standards and references to standards of other countries
- ADB’s Environmental Policy and Guidelines for implementation.
Summary of Environmental Monitoring Implementation Process 25 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
3.2.2. Technical documents
- Environmental Impact Assessment (ĐTM) Report of SB4 HPP, produced by Power Engineering Consulting Joint Stock Company 3 (PECC3) in 2007, approved under the Decision No. 1470/QĐ-BTNMT of MONRE, dated September 29, 2009; - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project, prepared by SWECO in January 2007; - Report on Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Quang Nam Province Hydropower Plan for the Vu Gia-Thu Bon River Basin, prepared by ADB in March 2008;
- Technical design report for Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project, prepared by Power Engineering Consulting Joint Stock Company 1 (PECC1)on July 3, 2009 ; - Updated Environmental Management Plan for Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project, prepared by Vietnam Social Development Consulting Limited Company (SocialConsult) in March 2010. 3.3. Monitoring objectives and activities
3.3.1. Objectives The objectives of the environmental monitoring activities are:
- To monitor Environmental Management Plan, monitor environmental quality and the implementation of mitigation measures for environmental impacts during the construction phase in accordance with the EMP approved by ADB, requirements of Vietnam Law on Environmental Protection and ADB’s Environmental Policy. - To provide assessments in line with the objectives of the implementation of the approved EMP and mitigation measures for environmental impacts.
3.3.2. Monitoring activities The activities implemented in the environmental monitoring visits include: - To monitor the implementation of the mitigation measures for environmental impacts by the contractors - To carry out measurement and sampling air, noise, surface water, domestic water, underground water, and domestic wastewater - To monitor the changes in the ecosystems in the project area - To monitor waste management and treatment (including solid waste and hazardous waste)
Summary of Environmental Monitoring Implementation Process 26 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
- To monitor the compliance in the EMP implementation - To implement consultations with affected communities and relevant stakeholders on the project-related environmental issues
- To identify arisen environmental issues and record local people’s concerns on environmental issues
3.4. Methodology In the monitoring visits implemented in the construction phase, the EMC used the methods in Table 4:
Summary of Environmental Monitoring Implementation Process 27 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 4: Methodology for the environmental monitoring during the construction phase Methodology Relevant agencies Monitoring issues - Division of Environment and - Construction progress; 1. Information updating Resettlement of the SB4 HPMB - Monitoring schedule; - EMC - Updating the information on arisen environmental issues; - The compliance and non-compliance issues in the implementation of the mitigation measures for the - SB4 HPMB environmental impacts by contractors; 2. Monitoring in construction sites - Contractors - Occupational hygiene and safety, occupational accidents - EMC - Environmental conditions in worker camps; - Erosion and landslide; 3. Measuring, sampling and analyzing - Quality of air and noise; - EMC of parameters of the quality of air, - Quality of water; - SB4 HPMB water, forest, fauna and flora - Ecosystem, fauna and flora; - Impacts of the project on the environment; - Contractors and workers 4. Consultations with the contractors, - Compliance in the implementation of the mitigation - Local people construction workers and local people measures by the contractors and the SB4 HPMB; - EMC - Recommendations on environmental issues; - Nam Giang District Health Center - Situation of some diseases in Zuoih, TaBhing, Cha Val, - Nam Giang District Forest Protection and Ta Poo Communes. Situation of infectious diseases 5. Data collecting and reporting Unit surveillance and healthcare for workers in the monitoring - Nam Giang Division of Natural time. Resources and Environment - Illegal logging and animal hunting in Nam Giang
Summary of Environmental Monitoring Implementation Process 28 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Methodology Relevant agencies Monitoring issues - Nam Giang Division of Agriculture and District; propaganda and strengthening of the capacity of Rural Development environmental management and protection in the - Song Thanh NRMB monitoring time. - Environmental monitoring consultant - Environmental issues arisen in the project communes and (Mott MacDonald) impacts of the project on the local environment. - Contractor SinoHydro and contractor - Progress of replacement afforestation Song Da 5 - The cooperation of SB4 HPMB and local authorities and - EMC agencies. - The implementation of environmental protection measures by contractors
6. Data analysis EMC - Updating environmental information in the project area 7. Analysis of available data EMC - Reference to additional documents
8. Data processing EMC Data processing, analyzing and extracting Discussing on environmental issues in the project area Environmental specialists, ecologists, 9. Consultations with specialists Providing recommendations on mitigation measures for social specialists and gender specialists the project-related environmental impacts
Summary of Environmental Monitoring Implementation Process 29 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
3.4.1. Field survey and observation Field survey and observation aimed to assess environmental conditions and implementation of mitigation measures for environmental impacts, then to provide proper adjustment and response to environmental emergencies.
3.4.2. Measurement, sampling and comparison with National Technical Regulations The EMC conducted monitoring of air quality, noise, vibration, water quality (surface water, domestic water, underground water, and wastewater) and biodiversity. Results of the monitoring would be considered as a basis for the assessment of quality of the environment by impacts of the project during the construction phase. Sampling positions were changed based on the progress of the project implementation and the field survey (detailed in Section IV). 3.4.3. Consultations with relevant agencies and stakeholders In the monitoring visits, the EMC conducted consultations with representatives of relevant stakeholders. Participants and contents of the consultations are given in the table below: Table 5: Participants and Contents of Consultations
Order Participants Contents
1 Officers of the Nam Giang Environmental issues happened in four project DONRE communes as well as the project impacts on the local natural and social environment.
2 Officers of the Nam Giang Progress of replacement afforestation DARD
3 Officers of Nam Giang Situation of infectious diseases in the four project District Health Center communes and of diseases surveillance and of healthcare for workers
4 Officers of Nam Giang Information on the fauna and flora in the project District Forest Protection area as well as on the situation of illegal forestry Office, Nam Song Bung exploitation in Nam Giang District in general and Forest Protection Office in project area in particularly. and Song Thanh Natural Reserve Management Board
5 Department of Compliance with mitigation measures for the
Summary of Environmental Monitoring Implementation Process 30 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Order Participants Contents Occupational Safety of impacts on the environment, worker management SinoHydro and healthcare and safety for workers
6 Construction workers Workers’ living conditions, healthcare and occupational safety conditions.
7 Local people Community health and the project impacts on local natural and social environment as well assessment of local people on the implementation of the mitigation measures for negative impacts by the contractors.
Summary of Environmental Monitoring Implementation Process 31 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
IV. RESULTS OF MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN THE PROJECT AREA 4.1. Results of monitoring and assessment of air and water 4.1.1. Monitoring and assessment of air quality a. Sampling positions and parameters for air monitoring: In the monitoring visits, air samples were taken in 5 positions. Based on the construction progress and the results of the monitoring visits, sampling positions were changed among monitoring times. Sampling positions and reasons for the changes of the positions are given in the Table 6:
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 32 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 6: Sampling positions for air in the monitoring visits
The 1st, 2nd and 3rd The 5th monitoring The 6th and 7th The 8th and 9th The 10th and 11th The 12th and 13th The 14th, 15th The 4th monitoring The 17th monitoring monitoring visits visit monitoring visits monitoring visits monitoring visits monitoring visits and 16th monitoring visit (2011) (2014) (2010) ( 2011) (2012) (2012) (2013) (2013) visits (2014)
KK1: Sample KK1: Sample KK1: Sample KK1a: Sample KK1a: Sample KK1: Sample KK1: Sample KK1: Sample KK1: b Sample taken in the taken in the taken in the taken in the taken in the taken in the taken in the taken in the taken in the construction site construction construction construction construction construction construction construction site exterior finish site of the dam site of the dam site of diversion site of diversion site of the dam site of the dam of the dam area in the intake – the intake – the powerhouse (8) right abutment right abutment (2)
KK2: Sample KK2: Sample KK2: Sample KK2: Sample KK2: Sample KK2: Sample KK2: Sample KK2: Sample KK2: a Sample taken in the rock taken in the taken in the taken in taken in taken in taken in taken in crushing taken in repair quarry rock quarry rock quarry crushing plant- crushing plant- crushing plant- crushing plant- plant-rock quarry area on the rock quarry rock quarry rock quarry rock quarry internal access road, near the intake gate (8) KK3: Sample KK3: Sample KK3: Sample KK3a: Sample KK3a: Sample KK3a: Sample KK3b: Sample KK3c: Sample KK3c: Sample taken in camp taken in camp taken in the taken in the taken in the taken in the taken in the taken in the taken in the area and area and sub-tunnel 1 (1) sub-tunnel 2 (3) sub-tunnel 2 sub-tunnel 2 main tunnel (6) powerhouse (7) powerhouse auxiliary areas auxiliary areas
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 33 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
The 1st, 2nd and 3rd The 5th monitoring The 6th and 7th The 8th and 9th The 10th and 11th The 12th and 13th The 14th, 15th The 4th monitoring The 17th monitoring monitoring visits visit monitoring visits monitoring visits monitoring visits monitoring visits and 16th monitoring visit (2011) (2014) (2010) ( 2011) (2012) (2012) (2013) (2013) visits (2014)
KK4: Noise and KK4: Noise KK4: Noise KK4: Noise KK4: Noise KK4: Noise KK4: Noise KK4: Noise and KK4: Noise and vibration and vibration and vibration and vibration and vibration and vibration and vibration vibration vibration measured in the measured in the measured in the measured in the measured in the measured in the measured in the measured in the measured in the residential area - residential area residential area residential area residential area residential area residential area residential area - residential area - TaBhing - Vinh Village, - Vinh Village, - Vinh Village, - Vinh Village, - Vinh Village, - Vinh Village, Vinh Village, Vinh Village, Commune (now TaPoo TaPoo TaPoo TaPoo TaPoo TaPoo TaPoo TaPoo TaPoo Commune Commune Commune Commune Commune Commune Commune Commune Commune) KK5: Noise and KK5: Noise KK5: Noise KK5a: Noise KK5b: Noise KK5b: Noise KK5b: Noise KK5b: Noise KK5: c Sample vibration and vibration and vibration and vibration and vibration and vibration and vibration and vibration taken in section measured in the measured in the measured in the measured in measured in measured in measured in measured in of access road, center of ChaVal center of center of crushing plant concrete mixing concrete mixing concrete mixing concrete mixing near explosive Commune ChaVal ChaVal (4) plant (5) plant plant plant storage that was Commune Commune being repaired (8)
Notes: (1) – (7): Some sampling positions were changed in the monitoring visits because of the following reasons: 1) In the 5th monitoring, the sampling position was changed from auxiliary camp (KK3) into construction site of the sub-tunnel 1 because: all monitoring parameters for air quality in auxiliary camp in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th monitoring visits was within the allowable limits of the QCVN and there was no arisen issue while construction site of the sub-tunnel 1 was the source of dust, exhaust gases and noise generation and should be monitored. 2) In the 6th monitoring, air sampling position was changed from the construction site of the dam (KK1) into the construction site of diversion intake (the right abutment) KK1a since the earth-working in the dam site was about completed whereas, at the 6th monitoring
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 34 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
time, many construction activities were implemented in the diversion intake site; as a result, there appeared a lot of issues related to air quality in this site. 3) In the 6th monitoring, air sampling position was changed from the sub-tunnel 1 (KK3) into the sub-tunnel 2 (KK3a) since the construction in area of the sub-tunnel 1 was completed meanwhile at the monitoring time, many construction activities happened in the construction area of the sub-tunnel 2 and there were a lot of air- related issues. 4) In the 6th monitoring, sampling position for noise and vibration was changed from the center of Cha Val Commune (KK5) into the crushing plant (KK5a) since the quality of air in the center of Cha Val Commune in previous monitoring visits was qualified; as a result, noise and vibration were mainly measured in the construction sites. 5) In the 8th monitoring, sampling position for noise and vibration was changed from the crushing plant (KK5a) into the concrete mixing plant (KK5b) since the air quality in the crushing plant was hardly changed meanwhile the operation of the RCC mixing plant was the source of noise and vibration generation. 6) In the 12th monitoring, sampling position was changed from the sub-tunnel 2 (KK3a) into the main tunnel (KK3b) since construction activities in the site of the sub-tunnel 2 were completed while at the monitoring time, many construction activities in the main tunnel site were being conducted and there arisen several air quality-related issues. 7) Based on the construction progress in the 14th monitoring, construction activities of the tunnel were completed; therefore, instead of taking air sample in the tunnel, the EMC took air sample in the area of welding and equipment assembly inside the powerhouse (KK3c). 8) Based on the construction progress in the 17th monitoring, sampling positions in the sites where construction was completed were replaced with other positions in which repair and construction activities were being carried out.
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 35 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Map of sampling positions for air are presented in the Figure 2:
Figure 2: Sampling positions for air in the monitoring visits
Monitoring parameters for air quality include CO, NO2, SO2, TSP, noise (Leq, L90, L50) and vibration. These parameters were compared with the National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality (QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT and QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT*); the National Technical Regulation on Noise (QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT); the National Technical Regulation on Vibration (QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT). Notes *: QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT was applied from the 1st monitoring to the 13th monitoring;
QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT entered into force on January 1, 2014 and applied from the 14th monitoring to the 17th monitoring b. Baseline air quality in the project area:
Results of the air quality measurements in the project area during the preparation of the EIA report show that the air quality was relatively good. The traffic density was low so the quality of air in the project area was not affected. The analysis results of the air quality are given in the Table 7:
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 36 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 7: Analysis results of baseline air quality in the project area Noise Dust CO SO NO Position 2 2 (dBA) (mg/m 3) (mg/m 3) (mg/m 3) (mg/m 3) Area near the dam 1 36-40 0.12 0 0.005 0.002 Area of the dam 1 38-40 0.10 0 Trace 0 The Powerhouse 40-42 0.12 0 Trace 0 Area of the dam 2 38-40 0.15 0 0.005 0.005 Zuoih Commune 38-40 0.10 0 Trace 0 Pring River 40-42 0.10 0 Trace 0
Source : The EIA report – Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project - 2007 c. Air quality in the pre-construction phase:
In the pre-construction phase, air quality was measured in three different positions in the project area. The measurement was conducted on May 12, 2010. The results of the air quality analysis in the pre-construction phase are presented in the Table 8: Table 8: Analysis results of air quality Results QCVN Order Parameters Unit 05:2009/BTNMT KK1 KK2 KK3 (1 hour average) 1 Vibration m/s ND ND ND - (2) 2 Lamax 68.7 65.4 66.7 75
Lamin dBA 55.5 52.8 54.6
Laeq 62.1 59.1 60.6 3 Total suspended mg/m3 0.1225 97.6 113.2 300 particles (TSP) 4 Suspended Particulates mg/m3 0.0547 38.3 42.4 - (PM10) 5 CO mg/m3 4.550 4200 4150 30000 3 6 NO2 mg/m 0.0754 ND ND 200 3 7 SO2 mg/m ND ND ND 350 Notes : ND: Not detected KK1: Air quality in the construction site KK2: Air quality in the rock exploitation site in the quarry KK3: Air quality in the waste disposal sites and auxiliary areas
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 37 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Although it is not the construction phase, some construction items were prepared for the construction phase. Therefore, noise level, content of dust and gas emissions in the Project area was increased compared with those in pre-project period (Table 7). These were the first impacts of the Project on environmental quality. However, in the pre-construction
phase, parameters of vibration, noise, CO, SO2 and dust were within the allowable limits of the National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality - QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT. As a result, the conclusion is that the air in the project area was not pollutted and the impacts of the Project on air quality in this phase was relatively slight. d. Air quality in the construction phase
Air quality in the dam site: The air quality in the dam site was monitored from the 1st monitoring to the 17th monitoring. The values of the parameters measured in the monitoring visits are presented in the Table 9: Table 9: Air quality in the dam site in the monitoring visits
Noise Noise Noise Vibration TSP CO NOx SO2 Monitoring visits L50 L90 Leq dBA dBA dBA dBA mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 The 1st monitoring 55.5 68.7 62.1 ND 0.1225 4.55 0.0754 ND The 2nd monitoring 43.8 39.6 57.9 0.0054 0.17 1.00 0.06 0.004 The 3rd monitoring 43.7 38.4 59.4 0.0061 0.39 6.00 0.06 0.023 The 4th monitoring 44 39.2 60.1 0.0062 0.06 3.00 0.025 0.016 The 5th monitoring 48.2 45.5 58.5 0.0066 0.3 3.00 0.034 0.026 The 6th monitoring 59 41.6 60-69 0.0051 0.15 1.00 0.017 0.007 The 7th monitoring 71.5 67.2 75.8 0.0128 0.6 3.00 0.07 0.008 The 8th monitoring 70.2 66.7 74.5 0.0216 0.15 2.00 0.08 0.017 The 9th monitoring 69.5 67.3 76.7 0.0194 0.06 2.00 0.026 0.016 The 10th monitoring 68.3 66.8 75.2 0.0152 0.19 3.00 0.031 0.023 The 11th monitoring 69.7 66.5 81.5 0.0187 0.34 3.00 0.036 0.024 The 12th monitoring 69.1 65.2 79.8 0.0159 0.53 1.00 < 0.01 <0.007 The 13th monitoring 67.5 63.2 78.1 0.0116 0.38 2.00 0.02 0.009 The 14th monitoring 74.6 69.2 85.7 0.0118 0.14 2.00 0.03 0.007 The 15th monitoring 65.4 64.2 75.6 0.0106 0.05 1.00 0.18 0.038 The 16th monitoring 65.3 62.8 73.4 0.0082 0.04 2.00 0.06 0.022 QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT ≤ 70 - - - - - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT - ≤ 0.055 - - - - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - - ≤ 0.3 ≤ 30 ≤ 0.2 ≤ 0.35
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 38 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Notes : ND: Not detected - : Not regulated The comparison between the analysis results of the air quality in the dam site and those of the National Technical Regulations on Noise, Vibration and Ambient Air Quality shows that the major issues relating to air quality in the project area were noise and dust since values of monitoring parameters for noise and dust measured in some monitoring visits exceeded the allowable limits of the National Technical Regulations. Noise was 1.04 – 1.22 times higher than that of the allowable limit and TSP was 1.0 – 1.76 times higher than that of the allowable limit. Concentration of dust in the dam site in the 3rd, 5th, 11th, 12th and 13th monitoring visits was higher than that of the allowable limit while noise level measured from the 7th to the 16th monitoring visits was higher than that of the allowable limit. Parameters of CO, NOx, SO2 and vibration were within the allowable limits in the monitoring visits. The change in air quality during the construction phase in the dam site is demonstrated in Figure 3:
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 39 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Figure 3: Air quality during the construction phase in the dam site
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 40 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
In comparison with the air quality measured at the dam site prior to the project implementation, air quality in the construction phase was adversely affected by construction activities. The impact was shown through the noise level and dust emission measured in monitoring visits in the construction phase which was increased and even exceeded the allowable limits of national technical regulations in some peak construction periods. Noise level measured at the dam site was stable during the early period of construction phase (from the 1st monitoring to the 5th monitoring) then increased steadily during the next period (from the 6th to the 14th monitoring), which was directly proportional to the intensity of the operation of vehicles and construction machines in this area.
After the 15th monitoring, noise level was gradually decreased because construction of the dam was almost completed. The results of the 6th to the 16th monitoring show that the air in the dam site had noise pollution, but the level of noise pollution is considered minor (maximum noise level measured was 1.22 times higher than that of the allowable limit - 2 times higher than that of the environment baseline in the same area). Dust emission at the dam site was changed dramatically through monitoring visits as dust generating activities such as earthwork and transportation was not arise constantly. Dust pollution signs only appeared in a number of monitoring visits (5 out of 16 monitoring visits) with medium pollution level (highest content of dust measured was 2 times higher than that of the allowable limit – 6 times higher than that of the environment baseline in the same area). The change in gas emission level that was not distinctly and within the regulated limit of QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT and QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT shows that the Project did not cause exhaust pollution in the dam site.
Air quality in the tunnel sites: Air quality in the construction sites of the tunnels (headrace tunnel, sub-tunnel 1 and sub- tunnel 2) was monitored from the 5th to the 13th monitoring. Values of parameters are presented in the Table 10: Table 10: Air quality in the construction area of the tunnels
Noise Noise Noise Vibration TSP CO NOx SO2 Monitoring visits L50 L90 Leq dBA dBA dBA dBA mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 The 5th monitoring 70 68.2 72.4 0.0096 0.1 2.00 0.031 0.023 The 6th monitoring 70 46 79-88 0.0063 0.22 1.00 0.021 0.011 The 7th monitoring 70.6 68.7 73.2 0.0099 0.7 4.00 0.11 0.016
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 41 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Noise Noise Noise Vibration TSP CO NOx SO2 Monitoring visits L50 L90 Leq dBA dBA dBA dBA mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 The 8th monitoring 91.2 86.6 95.5 0.2123 0.29 3.00 0.08 0.02 The 9th monitoring 87.2 86.3 88.5 0.0446 3.62 7.00 0.153 0.076 The 10th monitoring 78.7 76.4 79.6 0.0246 0.25 3.00 0.037 0.029 The 11th monitoring 43.4 39.6 49 0.0021 0.16 2.00 0.039 0.02 The 12th monitoring 54.1 50.8 60.4 0.0031 0.08 1.00 < 0.01 <0 .007 The 13th monitoring 51.6 49.2 60.1 0.0016 0.07 2.00 0.02 0.01 QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT ≤ 70 - - - - - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT - ≤ 0.055 - - - - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - - ≤ 0.3 ≤ 30 ≤ 0.2 ≤ 0.35 Notes : - : Not regulated The change in air quality in the construction sites of the tunnels during the construction phase is demonstrated in the Figure 4:
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 42 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Figure 4: Air quality in the construction sites of the tunnels during the construction phase
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 43 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Similar to the results of the air quality in the dam site, there were only parameters of dust (was 2.3-12 times higher than that of the allowable limits in the 7th and 9th monitoring visits) and noise (was 1.03 and 1.36 times higher than that of the allowable limit in the 5th and 10th monitoring visits) exceeded the allowable limits. Based on the monitoring results, th max values of parameters of dust, noise, NOx, CO and SO2 were found in the 8 monitoring (July 2012) and in the 9th monitoring (October 2012). However, amount of exhaust gases and level of vibration were within the allowable limits.
Air quality in the quarry and crushing plant: Quality of air in the quarry and crushing plant were monitored from the 1st monitoring to the 16th monitoring, values of monitoring parameters are presented in the Table 11: Table 11: Air quality in the quarry and crushing plant in the monitoring visits
Noise Noise Noise Vibration TSP CO NOx SO2 Monitoring visits L50 L90 Leq dBA dBA dBA dBA mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 The 1st monitoring 52.8 65.4 59.1 - 0.0976 4.20 - - The 2nd monitoring 45.9 43.8 60.8 0.0052 0.1 1.00 0.04 0.003 The 3rd monitoring 41.16 36.7 53.4 0.0051 0.14 2.00 0.04 0.018 The 4th monitoring 45.7 38.6 56.5 0.0054 0.11 3.00 0.031 0.029 The 5th monitoring 43.4 34.6 51.7 0.0051 0.1 1.00 0.02 0.016 The 6th monitoring 69.5 45.2 71-75 0.0061 0.18 1.00 0.018 0.008 The 7th monitoring 79.5 75.9 82.4 0.0173 0.7 3.00 0.05 0.007 The 8th monitoring 76.3 71.5 80.2 0.1691 0.42 4.00 0.1 0.021 The 9th monitoring 67.5 64.8 71.2 0.0224 0.13 3.00 0.038 0.023 The 10th monitoring 63.2 59.6 69.5 0.0074 0.24 2.00 0.028 0.019 The 11th monitoring 76 74 95 0.0162 2.2 3.00 0.042 0.026 The 12th monitoring 79.3 76.4 88.2 0.0177 0.32 2.00 < 0.01 0.011 The 13th monitoring 75.2 71.6 81.1 0.012 0.41 1.00 0.03 0.014 The 14th monitoring 69.1 65.4 79.8 0.0107 0.72 1.00 0.03 0.007 The 15th monitoring 43.2 40.5 51 0.0001 0.04 1.00 0.12 0.02 The 16th monitoring 68.6 64.6 76.7 0.009 0.08 4.00 0.09 0.047 QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT ≤ 70 - - - - - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT - ≤ 0.055 - - - - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - - ≤ 0.3 ≤ 30 ≤ 0.2 ≤ 0.35 The change in air quality in the quarry and the crushing plant is demonstrated in Figure 5:
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 44 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Figure 5: Air quality in the quarry and the crushing plant during the construction phase
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 45 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
There was no sign of air pollution in the quarry and the crushing plant. Parameters of CO,
NOx and SO2 were all within the allowable limits as per the QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT and that was replaced with QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality. Noise level measured from the 6th to 16th monitoring was higher than that of the allowable limit of the QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT (except for noise levels measured in the 10th monitoring and the 15th monitoring). However, noise level was just 1.01-1.34 times higher than that of the allowable limit. Concentration of dust was just higher than that of the allowable limit of the National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality from the 11th monitoring to 14th monitoring. The highest concentration of dust measured in the 11th monitoring was 2.2mg/m3 and it was 7.3 times higher than that of the allowable limit. Although the amount of dust generated in the quarry was higher than that in the tunnel sites, amount of dust locally dispersed was insignificant thanks to large and spacious space. Compared with the air quality measured at the quarry prior to the project implementation, air quality in the construction phase was declined. The noise level and dust emission measured during the monitoring visits of this phase were increased compared to pre-project and pre-construction phase and higher than those of the regulated limits according to the technical regulations in some peak construction and exploitation periods. Similar to the dam site, the level of noise and dust emission measured at the quarry area is relatively stable during the first period of the construction phase (from the 1st to the 5th monitoring). From the 6th to the 14th monitoring, the noise level in the area that was increased and higher than the allowable limits showed the signs of noise and air pollutions as a result of rock exploitation and crushing. However, when the construction intensity was reduced the signs of pollution were also terminated, demonstrating through low noise level and dust emission measured in the final period of the construction phase.
Air quality in the equipment assembly area inside the powerhouse: Air samples in the equipment assembly area inside the powerhouse were taken from the 14th monitoring to the 16th monitoring, instead of being taken in the tunnels which were completed. Values of parameters measured in the monitoring visits were presented in Table 12:
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 46 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 12: Air quality in the powerhouse in the monitoring visits
Noise Noise Noise Vibration TSP CO NOx SO2 Monitoring visits L50 L90 Leq dBA dBA dBA dBA mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 The 14th monitoring 71.2 64.7 87.8 0.0012 0.08 2.00 0.01 0.007 The 15th monitoring 68.4 66.5 77.4 0.0009 0.04 1.00 0.09 0.016 The 16th monitoring 75.6 74.2 79.8 0.0047 0.04 4.00 0.08 0.044 The 17th monitoring 76.4 75.1 78.7 0.0086 < 0.04 2.00 0.07 0.048 QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT ≤ 70 - - - - - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT - ≤ 0.055 - - - - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - - ≤ 0.3 ≤ 30 ≤ 0.2 ≤ 0.35 There was no sign of air pollution in the equipment assembly area inside the powerhouse.
Parameters of dust, CO, NOx and SO2 were within the allowable limits of the QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality. Noise level measured in all four monitoring visits exceeded the allowable limit of the QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on Noise. However, noise level was just 1.14 – 1.25 times higher than that of the allowable limit. Noise sample was taken in the turbine operation area inside the powerhouse in the 17th monitoring; however, noise level in this area was just 1.12 times higher than that of the allowable limit. In short, in comparison with air quality in pre-project period, noise level measured at the powerhouse site was increased by 1.9-2.2 times and magnitude of impact was considered medium. Impact of dust and gas emissions was insignificant as there were installation of plant and equipment happened in this area.
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 47 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Noise and vibration in the residential areas (Vinh Village – Ta Poo Commune and A Bat Village – Cha Val Commune) Noise and vibration in the residential areas measured in the monitoring visits were shown in Table 13: Table 13: Noise and vibration in the residential areas nearby the project area Vinh Village ChaVal Commune Monitoring visits Noise L50 Noise L90 Noise Leq Vibration Noise L50 Noise L90 Noise Leq Vibration (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) The 2nd monitoring 53.7 43.8 61.2 0.0054 57.8 50.5 66.9 0.0066 The 3rd monitoring 49.0 40.0 53.0 0.0063 58.0 50.0 61.0 0.006 The 4th monitoring 53.0 42.0 56.0 0.006 56.0 49.0 59.0 0.0061 The 5th monitoring 53.5 43.0 56.5 0.006 56.5 49.0 59.9 0.0063 The 6th monitoring 50.6 42.1 50-62 0.0065 NM NM NM NM The 7th monitoring 61.7 59.2 64.4 0.0061 NM NM NM NM The 8th monitoring 61.5 57.1 66.0 0.0101 NM NM NM NM The 9th monitoring 60.8 56.2 65.7 0.0072 NM NM NM NM The 10th monitoring 60.6 56.9 63.7 0.0067 NM NM NM NM The 11th monitoring 60.0 54.0 62.0 0.0052 NM NM NM NM The 12thmonitoring 59.8 52.8 62.4 0.0056 NM NM NM NM The 13th monitoring 56.2 48.6 59.7 0.0012 NM NM NM NM The 14th monitoring 58.7 51.5 61.4 0.0014 NM NM NM NM The 15th monitoring 46.2 53.6 64.5 0.0016 NM NM NM NM The 16th monitoring 53.8 48.7 62.8 0.0008 NM NM NM NM The 17th monitoring 62.1 59.5 67.9 0.0009 NM NM NM NM QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT ≤ 70 - ≤ 70 - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT - ≤ 0.055 - ≤ 0.055 Notes : - : Not regulated NM: Not measured
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 48 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Noise and vibration measured in the residential area in Vinh Village from the 2nd monitoring to the 17th monitoring and noise and vibration measured in residential areas in A Bat Village, Cha Val Commune (herein after “the residential areas”) from the 2nd monitoring to 5th monitoring were increased compared to those of the environmental baseline that showed impacts in the construction phase. However, the magnitude of impacts was minor as construction activities occurred far from the residential areas. This was proved through the level of noise and vibration measured in residential areas during the construction phase that were all within the allowable limits as per the QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on Noise and the QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on Vibration – this means there was no sign of noise pollution in the residential areas during the construction phase of the Project.
Noise and vibration in the RCC mixing plant Noise and vibration in the residential areas measured in the monitoring visits were shown in Table 14: Table 14: Noise and vibration in the RCC mixing plant
Noise L Noise n L Noise L Vibration Monitoring visits 50 90 eq dBA dBA dBA dBA The 8th monitoring 65.8 62.4 69.2 0.0214 The 9th monitoring 80.6 76.8 83.5 0.0238 The 10th monitoring 81.2 78.7 83.4 0.0206 The 11th monitoring 83 79 86 0.0196 The 12th monitoring 72.4 69.8 77.5 0.0128 The 13th monitoring 71.2 68.1 75.9 0.0136 The 14th monitoring 59.1 49.7 70.4 0.0119 The 15th monitoring 49.5 48.6 56.4 0.0086 The 16th monitoring 61.4 59.2 67.2 0.0074 QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT ≤ 70 - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT - ≤ 0.055 Vibration measured in the RCC mixing plant in the monitoring visits was within the allowable limit as per the QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT. Noise level measured in the RCC mixing plant from the 8th monitoring to the 14th monitoring (when the plant was operating) was just 1.00 – 1.22 times higher than that of the allowable limit according to the QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT. In the 15th and 16th monitoring visits when the plant was being dismantled, noise level was satisfied the allowable limit. In general, level of noise generated from RCC mixing plant was relatively low.
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 49 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
4.1.2. Monitoring and assessment of surface water quality a. Sampling positions and parameters for surface water monitoring
Samples of surface water were taken in the two positions in Table 15: Table 15: Sampling positions for surface water in the monitoring visits
Sampling positions from Sampling position from Reasons for changes in sampling positions the 1st to 5th monitoring 6 th to 17th monitoring
NM1: Upstream of the NM1a: The upstream Sampling position NM1 in (Vinh stream) construction site (Vinh area of construction site was replaced with NM1a position (it is about stream – about10km far (it is about 50m from 50m from Vinh stream toward the from dam construction Vinh stream toward the downstream area – about 50m far from old site) downstream area) position) because in this position water of Bung River was merged into water of Vinh
stream so impacts of the project would be NM2: Downstream of NM2: The downstream assessed based on this sample. the construction site of the construction site
Sampling positions for surface water are presented in the Figure 6:
Figure 6: Map of sampling positions in the monitoring visits
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 50 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Monitoring parameters for the surface water quality include pH; DO; Temperature; EC; - + Turbidity; TSS; BOD5; COD; Total Nitrogen; NO3 - N; NH4 - N; Total Phosphorus; 3- PO4 - P; Total lubricant and Coliforms. Analysis results of the monitoring parameters were compared with those specified in the allowable limits of the National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality – the QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT – Column A2: Use for domestic water supply but apply to the suitable water treatment technology; preserve aquatic fauna and flora, or use purposes such as type B1 and B2. (B1- Use for irrigation or other purposes that requires the same quality of water or purposes like type B2; B2 – Use for waterway and other purposes that requires low quality of water). b. Baseline environmental quality in the project area:
The measurement results of surface water quality in the project area during the preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment show that parameters of surface water met standard type A and type B; however, concentration of dissolved oxygen, BOD and COD of some samples only met standard of type B. As a result, surface water in these positions was suitable for domestic purposes and other purposes. Dissolved oxygen reached saturation in all sampling positions in Bung River and trib utaries. Parameter of pH was slightly alkaline (7.3-7.8). Turbidity level in all positions at the time of sampling was low. Turbidity level ranged from 3 to 7 NTU in Bung River and tributaries. Content of nitrogen and Phosphorus was low while total lubricant was not found. Moreover, sampling positions were located far from mining site (mainly placer gold exploitation); as a result, heavy metals were not found in water. Content of BOD and COD was high since sampling positions were located near residential area and camp of geological officers of the project. Detailed results of surface water quality measurement in EIA process is shown in Table 16:
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 51 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 16: Quality of surface water in the project area during the prepration of the EIA report
Results TCVN 5942:1995 Parameters Unit M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 Type A Type B pH 7.36 7.65 7.77 7.79 7.97 7.58 7.96 7.65 7.86 7.63 6 – 8.5 5.5-9 Hardness mg/l 7.5 8.5 7 7 10 7.9 8.2 7.5 7.5 8.0 - - Turbidity NTU 6 5 7 7 3 4 4 5 6 6 - - SS mg/l 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 2 3 20 80 Cl- mg/l 7.1 8.6 8.6 9.3 5.6 5.3 6.7 7.6 9.8 9.6 - - DO mg/l 4.33 4.45 4.63 3.91 4.85 4.83 4.15 4.76 4.68 4.85 6 2 COD mg/l 9.4 22.6 12.7 15.2 8.2 6.3 7.26 7.64 18.6 16.4 <10 < 35
BOD5 mg/l 6.2 17.5 8.5 9.5 5 7.8 8.2 6.8 8.4 7.6 <4 < 25 - NO3 mg/l 1.3 1.9 1.3 1.6 0.8 1.5 0.8 1.6 1.8 1.8 10 15 -3 PO4 mg/l 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.6 1.4 0.9 1.4 - - Fe mg/l 0.30 0.25 0.27 0.70 0.12 0.08 0.20 0.26 0.12 0.66 1 2 Lubricant mg/l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 Pb mg/l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.05 0.1 Cu mg/l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 1 As mg/l 0 0.085 0.009 0.005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.05 0.1 Cr mg/l 0.005 0.02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.05 0.05 Cd mg/l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0.02 Zn mg/l 0 0 0.08 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 Total E.coli MPN/100ml 15 125 40 55 30 20 25 148 98 84 5,000 10,000
Source: EIA report – Song Bung 4 HPP – 2007
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 52 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Note: Positions : - Sample (M4): surface water of Bung River – The Powerhouse. - Sample (M5): surface water of Bung River – Vinh stream. - Sample (M6): surface water of Bung River – area of the dam site 1. - Sample (M7): surface water of Bung River – area of the dam site 2. - Sample (M8) : surface water of Pring River - Sample (M9) : surface water of Bung River –50m behind from the confluence between Bung River and Lo Nang stream - Sample (M10): surface water of Pa Nau stream –area behind PaRum A - Sample (M11): surface water of Bung River – 20m behind from confluence between Bung River and Zouih stream. - Sample (M12): surface water of Bung River –50m behind from confluence between Bung River and Tra stream - Sample (M13): surface water of Bung River - 2900m far from the dam towards the upstream area.
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 53 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
c. Surface water quality in the pre-construction phase: Samples of surface water were taken in three different positions in the project area including: (i) upstream of the construction site (NM1); downstream of the construction site (NM2); stream near the site office (NM3). The results of the surface water analysis are presented in the Table 17: Table 17: Results of the surface water analysis in the pre-construction phase Results QCVN Order Parameter Unit 08:2008/BTNMT NM1 NM2 NM3 (B1) 1 pH - 6.92 7.31 6.72 5.5 - 9.0 2 TSS mg/l 195.7 251.7 32.7 50 3 DO mg/l 5.47 5.28 5.64 ≥ 4
4 BOD5 mg/l 4.72 4.21 5.72 15 5 COD mg/ l 5.81 5.55 7.41 30 Total 6 mg/ l 0.13 0.21 0.11 0.3 Phosphorus 7 Total Nitrogen mg/ l 4.52 5.72 6.12 10 8 Total lubricant mg/ l ND ND ND 0.1 MPN/ 9 Coliform 26 34 52 7500 100ml
Notes: - ND: Not detected - B1: Use for irrigation or other purposes that requires the same quality of water or purposes like type B2.
Quality of surface water in the project area in the pre-construction phase was not polluted: most of parameters of samples were within the allowable limits (as per the QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT – B1). Only parameter of TSS was higher than the allowable limit due to illegal gold mining in upstream of the construction site and rains that washed soil into water, increasing turbidity in surface water. d. The change in quality of surface water in the construction phase
Quality of surface water in upstream of the construction site The analysis results of the surface water quality in upstream of the construction in the monitoring visits were given in the Table 18:
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 54 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 18: Quality of surface water in upstream of the construction site in the monitoring visits
Monitoring Turbidi Total - + Total 3- Total pH DO TSS BOD5 COD NO 3 - N NH 4 - N PO4 - P Coliforms visits ty Nitrogen Phosphorus lubricant The 1st 6.92 5.47 - 195.7 4.72 5.81 4.52 - - 0,13 - NA 26 monitoring nd The 2 7.56 5.01 2300 1697 10 18 201 193.8 0.09 0.12 0.06 0.3 0.0023 monitoring rd The 3 7.57 9.7 2848 660 12 25 25.6 19.1 2.25 1.21 0.4 NA 0.93 monitoring th The 4 7.89 6.26 2336 40 3 5 15.3 8.2 4.13 0.28 0.06 NA 90 monitoring th The 5 7.8 6.15 168 22 < 3 4 2.8 1.3 0.1 0.09 0.06 NA 430 monitoring th The 6 8.1 8.92 470 70 < 3 6 5.8 4 0.75 0.1 0.07 0.2 1200 monitoring th The 7 7.67 7.64 2428 1271 7 16 4.6 3.8 0.57 0.18 0.06 0.3 4300 monitoring th The 8 7.1 5.9 2513 1733 3 8 4.2 2.4 1.5 0.09 0.06 NA 1200 monitoring th The 9 6.9 6.2 2668 373 7 16 6.2 3.8 1.01 0.18 0.14 NA 270 monitoring th The 10 6.9 7.1 2218 89 7 16 3.6 1.8 0.96 0.09 0.06 < 0.3 9300 monitoring th The 11 6.8 7.4 926 53 6 13 1 3.6 0.72 0.08 0.04 NA 1500 monitoring th The 12 7.1 7.59 1412 1392 7 53 3.2 7 1 0.08 0.4 NA 110000 monitoring th The 13 7.4 7.6 71 84 5 16 1.5 0.5 0.09 0.03 0.03 NA 210 monitoring
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 55 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Monitoring Turbidi Total - + Total 3- Total pH DO TSS BOD5 COD NO 3 - N NH 4 - N PO4 - P Coliforms visits ty Nitrogen Phosphorus lubricant th The 14 7.6 6.8 74 96 0.76 6 1.6 0.3 0.45 0.08 0.09 NA 90 monitoring th The 15 7.5 7.2 196 207 < 3 < 4 2 0.6 0.29 0.08 0.07 NA 430 monitoring th The 16 7.1 6.05 1310 1130 7 17 3.4 1.2 0.63 0.08 0.06 NA 210 monitoring th The 17 5.9 6.24 7 16 < 3 4 1.4 0.1 0.07 0.02 0.02 NA 430 monitoring QCVN 08:2008/ 6-8.5 ≥ 5 - ≤ 30 ≤ 6 ≤ 15 - ≤ 5 ≤ 0.2 - ≤ 0.2 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 5000 BTNMT
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 56 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
The change in quality of surface water in the upstream of the construction site in the construction time is demonstrated in Figure 7:
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 57 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Figure 7: Quality of surface water in the upstream of the construction site
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 58 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Parameters of pH and DO in the monitoring visits were hardly changed and within the allowable limits of the QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT. Parameters that exceeded the allowable + - 3- limits included BOD5, COD, NH4 - N, NO3 - N, PO4 - P, TSS, Coliforms and total lubricant. In most of the monitoring visits, parameter of COD was 1.06 – 3.52 higher than + the allowable limit and parameter of NH4 - N was 1.2-11.25 times higher than allowable - limit. In some monitoring visits, parameter of NO3 - N was 1.4-38.76 times higher than 3- allowable limit, PO4 - P was 2 times higher than the allowable limit and Coliforms was 1.86 – 22 times higher than that of the allowable limit. Parameter of TSS measured in surface water in the upstream of the construction site from the 2nd to the 16th monitoring was relatively high due to illegal gold mining, construction activities of the other projects in the upstream area. Content of TSS changed with each season. TSS increased in rain season and was stable in the dry season. The 17th environmental monitoring was the last monitoring visit (November 2014) after water retaining was conducted in the reservoir. In this monitoring visit, parameter of TSS in the upstream area met the allowable limit according to the QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT –
National Technical Regulation on Surface Water. Parameters of pH, DO, BOD5, COD, - + 3 TSS, NO3 -N, NH4 - N, PO4 -P, total lubricant and Coliforms were within the allowable limits of the QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT.
Quality of surface water in the downstream of the construction site The analysis results of the surface water quality in the downstream of the construction site in the monitoring visits are presented in Table 19:
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 59 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 19: Quality of the surface water in the downstream of the construction site in the monitoring visits
Total Total Monitoring Turbidi - + 3- Total pH DO TSS BOD5 COD Nitroge NO 3 - N NH 4 - N phosphor PO4 - P Coliforms visits ty lubricant n us The 1st 7.31 5.28 - 251.7 4.21 5.55 5.72 - - 0.21 - NA 34 monitoring nd The 2 7.83 3.95 172.7 150 < 3 < 2 192 188.8 0.07 0.1 0.05 0.3 0.009 monitoring rd The 3 6.84 10.29 61.5 34 9 19 3.8 1.7 0.28 2.2 1 NA 0.093 monitoring th The 4 7.92 6.6 1308 52 3 8 6.4 3.8 1.25 0.12 0.03 NA 930 monitoring th The 5 7.4 6.45 1664 1205 10 22 6.7 5.8 0.66 0.18 0.1 NA 930 monitoring th The 6 8.02 8.51 460 127 < 3 7 6.2 3.4 0.65 0.14 0.09 0.2 230 monitoring th The 7 7.84 8.05 2156 1120 6 14 5.2 3.2 0.51 0.16 0.09 0.3 9300 monitoring th The 8 7.6 5.6 2641 1087 4 10 5.8 3.2 1.8 0.12 0.08 NA 2300 monitoring th The 9 6.8 6.3 2456 568 10 22 7.4 4.2 1.41 0.16 0.12 NA 340 monitoring th The 10 7.2 6.8 2132 122 6 14 4.8 2.4 0.85 0.18 0.14 < 0.3 4300 monitoring th The 11 7.5 7.8 1976 29 5 11 0.8 2.5 0.85 0.12 0.08 NA 930 monitoring th The 12 7.2 6.9 996 850 4 29 1.2 9.5 1 0.11 0.3 NA 9300 monitoring
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 60 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Total Total Monitoring Turbidi - + 3- Total pH DO TSS BOD5 COD Nitroge NO 3 - N NH 4 - N phosphor PO4 - P Coliforms visits ty lubricant n us th The 13 7.6 7.7 96 87 4 14 1.8 0.7 0.09 0.03 0.02 NA 430 monitoring th The 14 7.4 6.8 87 125 0.6 < 4 1.7 0.2 0.55 0.08 0.08 NA 70 monitoring th The 15 7.6 7.2 227 226 < 3 < 4 1.9 0.5 0.43 0.12 0.12 NA 280 monitoring th The 16 6.55 6.44 1290 1850 8 20 4.6 1.5 0.91 0.09 0.06 NA 430 monitoring th The 17 3.6 6.22 37 15 < 3 6 2.1 0.4 0.18 0.04 0.03 NA 750 monitoring QCVN 08:2008/ 6-8.5 ≥ 5 - ≤ 30 ≤ 6 ≤ 15 - ≤ 5 ≤ 0.2 - ≤ 0.2 ≤ 0.02 ≤ 5000 BTNMT
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 61 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
The change in quality of the surface water in the downstream of the construction site in the construction phase is demonstrated in Figure 8:
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 62 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Figure 8: Quality of the surface water in the downstream of the construction site
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 63 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Similar to the analysis results of the surface water quality in the upstream of the construction site, parameters of pH and DO in samples of surface water were within the allowable limits of the QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT. Some parameters measured from the 2nd monitoring to the 16th monitoring exceeded the allowable limits; especially parameter of TSS was 1.13 – 61.6 times higher than that of the allowable limit. In some monitoring visits, the remaining parameters were slightly higher than the allowable limits. In the 17th monitoring (November 2014) was conducted after water retaining was implemented in the reservoir, content of TSS in the downstream area met the allowable limit as per the QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality. Values of parameters measured in the downstream of construction site during the construction phase reveal the level of impact on surface water quality by construction activities of the Project. These values were significant changed depending on weather condition, type and intensity of construction activities. The comparison between the quality of water in Bung River in construction site and in upstream area of Bung River shows that: There was insignificant difference between the content of TSS, organic substances and Coliforms in upstream area and that in the downstream area. Parameters of turbidity and TSS in both 02 samples of surface water in the upstream and downstream areas were all high. In general, in the construction phase, turbidity of Bung River water was affected by several different factors including: (i) Construction of Song Bung 2 HPP above SB4 HPP, (ii) soil erosion and landslide and (iii) Illegal gold mining in upstream area of Bung River and upstream area of Vinh stream. Among the factors, the construction of SB4 HPP caused a minor impact on the quality of surface water. After water retaining (August 2014), quality of surface water in the downstream and upstream of the construction site met the allowable limit as per the QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality. 4.1.3. Monitoring and assessment of underground water a. Sampling positions and parameters for underground water monitoring In the project area, local people and workers mainly used water from streams for domestic purposes. Some households used water in dug well in 5-10m depth for domestic purposes. The EMC monitored underground water quality in the project since the 8th monitoring (July 2012). In 2012, there are two times of monitoring and assessment of underground water (the 8th monitoring and the 9th monitoring). Underground water was taken in 3 positions in the 8th monitoring and in 6 positions in the 9th monitoring. Sampling positions in the 10th and the 11th monitoring visits were not changed compared to those in 2012. Since the 12th monitoring, the EMC proposed that 6 sampling positions for which underground water quality met the allowable limits should be replaced with
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 64 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
other sampling positions to monitor the quality of underground water in different positions in the project area. Sampling positions in the monitoring visits are presented in Table 20:
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 65 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 20: Sampling positions for underground water in the monitoring visits
Sampling positions in the 8th Sampling positions in the 9th Sampling positions in the 10th and Sampling positions from the 12th to monitoring monitoring 11 th monitoring visits the 17th monitoring
NG1: Water taken from well of Mr. NG1: Water taken from well of Mr. NG1: Water taken from well of Mr. NG1a: Water taken from well of Mr. Coor Nhing, Vinh Village, Ta Poo Coor Nhing, Vinh Village, Ta Poo Coor Nhing, Vinh Village, Ta Poo Nguyen Xuan Thieu, Vinh Village, Commune Commune Commune Ta Poo Commune
NG2: Water taken from well of Mr. NG2: Water taken from well of Mr. NG2: Water taken from well of Mr. NG2: Water taken from well of Mr. Nguyen Van Hoa, Vinh Village, Ta Nguyen Van Hoa, Vinh Village, Ta Nguyen Van Hoa, Vinh Village, Ta Nguyen Van Hoa, Vinh Village, Ta Poo Commune Poo Commune Poo Commune Poo Commune
NG3: Water taken from well of Mrs. NG3: Water taken from well of Mrs. NG3: Water taken from well of Mrs. NG3a: Water taken from well of Mr. Dinh Thi Hong Yen, Vinh Village, Dinh Thi Hong Yen, Vinh Village, Dinh Thi Hong Yen, Vinh Village, Phan Tan, Vinh Village, Ta Poo Ta Poo Commune Ta Poo Commune Ta Poo Commune Commune;
NA NG4: Water taken from well of Mrs. NG4: Water taken from well of Mrs. NG4a: Water taken from well in Le Thi Hoa, A Bat Village, Cha Val Le Thi Hoa, A Bat Village, Cha Val Staff Area of Civil and Military
Commune Commune Health Clinic (Economic and National Defense Division 207);
NA NG5: Water taken from well in the NG5: Water taken from well in the NG5a: Water taken from well in teachers’ boarding houses of Nguyen teachers’ boarding houses of Nguyen forest protection station in ChaVal Van Troi secondary school, A Bat Van Troi secondary school - Cha Val Commune Village, Cha Val Commune Commune
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 66 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Sampling positions in the 8th Sampling positions in the 9th Sampling positions in the 10th and Sampling positions from the 12th to monitoring monitoring 11 th monitoring visits the 17th monitoring
NA NG6: Water from well of Mr. NG6: Water from well of Mr. NG6a: Water taken from well of Mr. Nguyen Ba Khanh, A Bat Village, Nguyen Ba Khanh, A Bat Village, Le Trong Tuyen, A Bat village, Cha Val Commune Cha Val Commune ChaVal Commune
Map of sampling positions for underground water in the monitoring visits is shown in Figure 9:
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 67 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Figure 9: Sampling positions for underground water in the monitoring visits b. Baseline underground water quality in the project area
The analysis results of the underground water quality in the positions in the project area during the preparation of the EIA report are presented in Table 21:
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 68 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 21: Quality of underground water in the project area
Results Results Results TCVN Parameter Units (N1) (N2) (N3) 5944:1995 pH - 7.15 6.3 5.5 6.5-8.5 Turbidity NTU 5 6 5 - SS mg/l 0 0 0 - Hardness mg/l 5 5 5 300-500 TDS mg/l 64 42 49 750-1500 Cl- mg/l 5.6 7.4 10.4 200-600 3- PO4 mg/l 0.6 0.6 0.8 - + NH4 mg/l 0 0 0 - 2- SO4 mg/l 0.98 0.54 0.48 200-400 - NO2 mg/l 0 0.01 0.01 - Fe mg/l 0.1 0.08 0.05 1-5 Oxidation mg/l 1.6 0.7 0.7 - (KMnO4) Total coliforms MPN/100ml 5 5 7 3
Source : The EIA report – Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project - 2007 Notes: • Sample (N1): Water taken from well in the teachers’ boarding houses primary school and secondary school in Cha Val Commune. • Sample (N2): Water taken from well of Mrs. Bong – Zouih Commune • Sample (N3): Water taken from well of TaBhing CPC In general, quality of underground water in the project area was relatively good and qualified for domestic purposes. c. Quality of underground water in the construction phase The analysis results of underground water quality in the monitoring visits are presented in Table 22:
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 69 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 22: Quality of underground water in the project area in the monitoring visits
Turbid Hardn NH + - NO - - PO 3- - Coliforms Monitorin Cl- TDS TSS COD 4 2 4 Fe SO 2- Code pH ity ess N N P 4 (MPN/10 g visits (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (NTU) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) 0ml) NG1 6.5 6 - 40 12.5 < 2 < 4 0.26 0.004 0.04 0.28 < 7 0 NG2 6.9 8 - 46 16.2 < 2 < 4 0.1 0.008 0.05 0.14 < 7 0 The 9th NG3 6 7 - 30 14.8 < 2 < 4 0.07 0.005 0.04 0.04 < 7 0 monitoring NG4 5.9 10 < 5 52 20.6 < 2 < 4 <0.06 0.002 0.03 0.09 < 7 9 NG5 5.7 11 < 5 68 30 < 2 < 4 <0.06 0.002 0.03 0.04 < 7 7 NG6 6 8 < 5 60 30.5 < 2 < 4 0.14 0.001 0.04 2.1 < 7 15 NG1 6.4 5 100 90 117.8 < 2 < 4 0.06 <0.001 0.05 0.08 5 9 NG2 6.8 6 100 105 110.7 < 2 < 4 <0.06 <0.001 0.04 0.09 3 43 The 10th NG3 6.8 8 100 33 49.3 < 2 < 4 0.06 <0.001 0.05 0.11 3 21 monitoring NG4 5.8 7 100 44 65.7 < 2 < 4 0.06 <0.001 0.03 0.14 3 0 NG5 5.9 9 100 31 56.5 < 2 < 4 0.07 <0.001 0.03 0.12 3 23 NG6 6.2 10 100 128 139.4 6 < 4 0.06 <0.001 0.03 0.18 6 93 NG1 6.5 7 7 46 76.6 < 2 < 4 < 0.06 0.001 0.06 0.02 < 7 7 NG2 6.7 6 8 40 102.8 12 < 4 <0.06 0.001 0.03 0.06 < 7 11 The 11th NG3 6.7 6 < 5 14 45.2 2 6 0.31 0.002 0.09 0.04 < 7 4 monitoring NG4 6.3 8 < 5 120 79.6 3 8 < 0.06 0.002 0.33 0.12 13 7 NG5 6.2 7 < 5 68 48.1 7 4 < 0.06 0.001 0.1 0.04 < 7 9 NG6 6.4 9 10 8 0.1 24 9 0.17 0.002 0.1 0.58 < 7 11 th The 12 NG1a 6.84 6 41 128 167.3 27 14 0.3 <0.003 0.25 0.58 21 9
monitoring NG2 6.95 5 18 100 102.2 4 3 0.01 <0.003 0.22 0.08 4 15
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 70 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Turbid Hardn NH + - NO - - PO 3- - Coliforms Monitorin Cl- TDS TSS COD 4 2 4 Fe SO 2- Code pH ity ess N N P 4 (MPN/10 g visits (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (NTU) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) 0ml)
NG3a 7.05 6 21 85 94.1 < 2 4 0.01 <0.003 0.11 0.09 < 2.2 0
NG4a 6.68 5 54 110 194.7 2 2 0.03 0.004 0.23 0.11 43 8
NG5a 6.63 4 44 75 153.7 3 3 0.01 <0.003 0.12 0.18 20 7
NG6a 6.82 6 65 60 103.6 2 1 0.01 <0.003 0.23 0.04 2 21
NG1a 6.9 5 50 125 141 4 5 < 0.06 0.004 0.23 0.06 10 9
NG2 6.82 7 22 115 129 2 4 < 0.06 0.009 0.05 0.05 7 4 th The 13 NG3a 6.8 4 27 100 80 3 < 4 < 0.06 0.003 0.02 0.04 3 0
monitoring NG4a 6.7 6 51 185 178 4 9 0.08 <0.003 0.15 0.04 17 15
NG5b 6.9 5 46 60 60 < 2 < 4 < 0.06 0.009 0.02 0.22 3 21
NG6a 6.8 4 72 115 145 < 2 4 < 0.06 0.004 0.35 0.09 4 0 NG1a 7.1 4.9 48 135 313 7 4 < 0.06 0.004 0.17 0.04 11 23 NG2 6.7 5.8 24 95 139 5 < 4 < 0.06 0.003 0.1 0.07 < 2.2 0 The 14th NG3a 7.3 4.4 26 92 221 5 < 4 < 0.06 0.002 0.1 0.06 < 2.2 43
monitoring NG4a 7.1 5.6 52 85 189 6 4 < 0.06 0.003 0.1 0.1 5 40
NG5b 6.7 4.6 45 65 160 3 4 0.1 0.002 0.08 0.18 < 2.2 0
NG6a 7 4.3 70 77 141 5 < 4 < 0.06 0.002 0.17 0.06 < 2.2 0 NG1a 6.9 3 42 133 153.4 < 2 < 4 < 0.06 0.005 0.26 0.06 13 15 NG2 6.8 4 26 70 85.5 6 < 4 < 0.06 <0.003 0.16 0.06 < 2.2 9 The 15th NG3a 7 5 20 26 43 < 2 < 4 < 0.06 <0.003 0.13 0.05 < 2.2 4
monitoring NG4a 6.9 6 37 122 141 3 < 4 0.09 0.003 0.25 0.26 7 9
NG5b 7 7 22 57 79.8 < 2 < 4 0.1 0.025 0.24 0.12 < 2.2 15
NG6a 6.8 1 21 75 75.9 < 2 < 4 < 0.06 <0.003 0.24 0.09 < 2.2 0
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 71 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Turbid Hardn NH + - NO - - PO 3- - Coliforms Monitorin Cl- TDS TSS COD 4 2 4 Fe SO 2- Code pH ity ess N N P 4 (MPN/10 g visits (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (NTU) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) 0ml)
NG1a 6.9 2 42 68 181 4 < 4 < 0.06 0.003 0.12 0.08 6.5 40
NG2 7 3 36 60 122 9 < 4 < 0.06 0.003 0.03 0.04 < 1.6 0 th The 16 NG3a 6.9 2 27 43 47 < 2 < 4 0.07 <0.003 0.02 0.07 < 1.6 0
monitoring NG4a 6.8 3 40 63 175 < 2 5 0.09 0.004 0.13 0.05 5.1 0
NG5b 7.1 6 32 51 81 7 4 0.12 0.003 0.02 0.04 2.4 230
NG6a 6.9 1 33 58 91 8 6 0.06 <0.003 0.12 0.04 1.6 110
NG1a 6.8 3 145 68 268 < 2 4 <0.06 0.003 0.02 0.03 5.0 23 NG2 6.9 3 95 51 140 < 2 < 4 <0.06 <0.003 <0.02 0.04 < 1.6 36 th The 17 NG3a 6.9 3 35 46 66 3 < 4 <0.06 <0.003 <0.02 0.03 < 1.6 0 monitoring NG4a 6.7 5 135 66 242 3 4 < 0.06 <0.003 0.03 0.03 6.1 43 NG5b 6.9 6 66 50 114 4 < 4 0.10 <0.003 0.02 0.04 < 1.6 120 NG6a 6.7 2 75 57 98 < 2 < 4 0.09 <0.003 <0.02 0.05 2.0 93 QCVN 5.5- - - ≤500 - ≤1500 ≤4 ≤0.1 ≤1.0 - ≤5 ≤400 ≤3 09:2008/BTNMT 8.5 QCVN 6.5- 02:2009/BTY ≤5 - - - - - ≤3 - - ≤0.5 - ≤150 8.5 (Column II) Note: - : Not regulated
QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT –National Technical Regulation on Underground Water Quality; QCVN 02:2009/BYT – National Technical Regulation on Domestic Water Quality. Column II – QCVN 02:2009/BYT: applicable to water exploitation of individual, household (piped water supply through simple treatment e.g. drilled wells, dug wells, rain-tank, and gravity pipeline).
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 72 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
The analysis results of the underground water samples taken from wells of households in Vinh Village of Ta Poo Commune and A Bat Village of Cha Val Commune in the monitoring visits there was no significant change in quality of underground water taken in the positions and during the construction phase. Most of parameters of underground water were within the allowable limits according to the QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT and Column II of the QCVN 02:2009/BYT. Only parameters of turbidity and COD in some samples were higher than the allowable limits in some monitoring visits. In general, quality of underground water was suitable for domestic purposes; however, water should be filtered and boiled before being used for cooking and drinking. 4.1.4. Monitoring and assessment of domestic water quality a. Sampling positions and parameters for domestic water monitoring Domestic water quality was monitored periodically in three positions. The sampling positions of domestic water were adjusted based on the results of the monitoring and the field survey process. Since there were many camps in the project area and for the positions in which, the quality of domestic water was stable, the EMC recommended to change the sampling positions in order to ensure accurate assessment of quality of domestic water supplied for workers. Sampling positions for domestic water are given in Table 23:
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 73 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 23: Sampling positions for domestic water in the monitoring visits
Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling positions from positions in the positions in 6th positions in 8th positions in 10th positions in 12th, positions in 15th positions in 17th the 1st to 4th 5 th monitoring and 7th 13th and 14th and 16th monitoring and 9th and 11th monitoring monitoring visits monitoring visits monitoring visits monitoring visits monitoring visits SH1: Sample SH1: Sample SH1: Sample SH1: Sample SH1a: Sample SH1b: Sample SH1c: Sample SH1c: Sample taken in area of taken in the camp taken in the camp taken in the camp taken in the camp taken in worker taken in the camp taken in the site office in the left in the left in the left in the left camp in surge in the left camp in the left abutment (1) abutment abutment abutment (near tank site (7) abutment (10) abutment Pa Pang road) (5) SH2: Sample SH2: Sample SH2a: Sample SH2b: Sample SH2b: Sample SH2c: Sample SH2c: Sample SH2d: Sample taken in public taken in public taken in the main taken in the camp taken in the taken in the camp taken in the camp taken in main (2) water tank – water tank – camp area in the rock camp in the of contractor of contractor camp in upper (4) (11) Vinh Village, Vinh Village, quarry rock quarry Song Da 5 - rock Song Da 5 – rock main camp (8) Tabhing Tabhing quarry quarry Commune Commune
SH3: Sample SH3: Sample SH3a: Sample SH3a: Sample SH3b: Sample SH3c: Sample SH3c: Sample SH3c: Sample taken in taken in taken in camp 45 taken in camp 45 taken in camp 13 taken in camp 45 taken in camp 45 taken in camp 45 residential area residential area (3) (6) (camp of (camp of (camp of in Cha Val in Cha Val contractor contractor contractor Commune Commune Huadong) (9) Huadong) Huadong)
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 74 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Notes: (1) In the 5th monitoring: Sample SH1 was taken in the camp in the left abutment instead of being taken in the area of site office because of the following reasons: Domestic water the site office area substantially met the requirements for domestic purposes; (ii) In early August, about 80 workers staying in the camp in the left abutment experienced diarrhea, therefore, quality of domestic water in this area should be monitored.
(2) and (3) in the 6th monitoring: Sampling position (SH2) in the public water tank in Vinh Village (SH2) was replaced with other position in the main camp (SH2a) and sampling position (SH3) in residential area in Cha Val Commune was replaced with other position (SH3a) in the camp 45. The results of different monitoring visits in 2010 and 2011 indicate that quality of water in the public water tank in Vinh village and residential area in Cha Val Village was qualified, meanwhile there were many camps in the construction area; for this reason, quality of water in these camps should be monitored to assess whether the water quality was qualified for domestic purposes. (4) In the 8th monitoring: Sampling position was changed from the main camp (SH2a) into the camp in the rock quarry (SH2b) because of the following reasons: in the 7th monitoring, quality of domestic water in the camp in the rock quarry was not qualified. Although some parameters of water quality in the main camp in the several monitoring visit did not meet the allowable limits, the contractors could improve domestic water quality if they applied the proposed mitigation measures. (5) and (6) in the 10th monitoring: Sampling position for domestic water was changed compared to the 9th monitoring since quality of domestic water in camp 45 and the camp in the left abutment was stable and qualified; samples of domestic water were taken in the other camps in the 10th monitoring to ensure that water in different positions in the construction sites was monitored. (7) , (8) and (9) In the 12th monitoring: Based on the results of the domestic water analysis in the 11th monitoring, the EMC proposed that 03 monitoring positions (SH1a, SH2b and SH3b) in which domestic water met the requirements should be replaced with other 03 monitoring positions (SH1b, SH2c, SH3c) so that quality of domestic water in different positions in the construction site was monitored. (10) In the 15th monitoring: At the monitoring time, worker camp in surge tank site was dismantled; as a result, sampling position was changed from the worker camp in the surge tank area into the camp in the left abutment.
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 75 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
(11) In the 17th monitoring: At the monitoring time, most of workers staying in the camp of contractor Song Da 5 – in the rock quarry had moved, there were about 4 or 5 officers left in the camp; therefore, domestic water sample was taken in the main camp of SinoHydro where a large number of workers were staying.
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 76 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Map of sampling positions for domestic water in the monitoring visits is presented in Figure 10:
Figure 10: Sampling positions for domestic water in the monitoring visits Monitoring parameters consist of colour, odor, turbidity, pH, NH4+ - N, total Coliforms, Ecoli. Quality of domestic water was assessed and compared with the National Environmental Technical Regulation: Column II of the QCVN 02:2009/BYT – National Technical Regulation on Domestic Water Quality. b. Domestic water quality in the construction phase
The analysis results of domestic water quality in worker camps in the monitoring visits are presented in Table 24: Table 24: Quality of domestic water in worker camps in the monitoring visits
Turbid Color Monitoring Positi NH + - pH ity (Pt- Odor 4 Coliforms E.coli visits on N (mg/l) (NTU) CoAPHA) SH1 7.36 2.2 30 NO 0.15 43 ND The 2nd 7.56 7.8 25 NO 0.46 240 23 monitoring SH2 SH3 6.8 97.5 26 NO 6.65 93 ND The 3rd SH1 7.23 12.6 12 NO < 0.06 15000 430 monitoring SH2 7.1 12 8 NO < 0.06 6400 < 3
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 77 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Turbid Color Monitoring Positi NH + - pH ity (Pt- Odor 4 Coliforms E.coli visits on N (mg/l) (NTU) CoAPHA) SH3 6.6 11 9 NO 1.21 7500 < 3 SH1 6.12 10.2 14 NO 0.42 430 < 3 The 4th 7.2 21 16 NO 0.31 2100 23 monitoring SH2 SH3 7.38 11.5 64 NO 2.18 4600 430 SH1 7.5 12.4 10 NO < 0.06 930 230 The 5th 7.3 16.2 12 NO < 0.06 430 90 monitoring SH2 SH3 6.5 15.8 15 NO 4.2 < 3 < 3 SH1 6.95 10.2 10 NO 0.17 430 ND The 6th 7.1 9.56 7 NO 0.06 240 ND monitoring SH2a SH3a 7.16 10.6 12 NO 0.08 430 ND SH1 7.85 9 4 NO 0.1 230 ND The 7th 6.84 10.6 6 NO 0.08 230 ND monitoring SH2a SH3a 7.46 9.6 5 NO 0.06 530 ND SH1 7.7 8 14 NO 0.12 930 43 The 8th 7.3 11.5 49 NO 0.18 930 23 monitoring SH2a SH3a 7.8 7.2 18 NO 0.1 440 ND SH1 6.6 7 45 NO 0.31 430 0 The 9th 6.7 8 109 NO 0.51 240 0 monitoring SH2b SH3a 6.7 7 94 NO 0.24 210 0 SH1a 6.8 6 0 NO 0.25 2300 0 The 10th SH2b 7.3 8 18 NO 0.34 1500 0 monitoring SH3b 7.2 6 2 NO 0.28 2100 15 SH1a 7.1 5 26 NO 0.32 9 0 The 11th SH2b 7.42 4 14 NO 0.24 7 0 monitoring SH3b 7.3 5 2 NO 0.06 15 0 SH1b 7.15 4 26 NO 0.04 280 4 The 12th SH2c 7.18 5 8 NO 0.06 90 0 monitoring SH3c 7.22 3 38 NO 0.05 140 0 SH1b 7.2 3 31 NO < 0.06 210 0 The 13th SH2c 6.9 4 5 NO < 0.06 230 0 monitoring SH3c 7.16 3 35 NO < 0.06 90 0 SH1b 7.1 2 14 NO 0.07 0 0 The 14th SH2c 7 2.6 2 NO < 0.06 90 0 monitoring SH3c 7.2 2 10 NO 0.06 43 0 SH1c 7.1 2 16 NO < 0.06 90 0 The 15th SH2c 6.5 1 7 NO < 0.06 150 0 monitoring SH3c 6.9 2 42 NO 0.29 210 0 The 16th SH1c 6.9 3 35 NO 0.06 90 0 monitoring SH2c 6.7 1 2 NO < 0.06 40 0
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 78 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Turbid Color Monitoring Positi NH + - pH ity (Pt- Odor 4 Coliforms E.coli visits on N (mg/l) (NTU) CoAPHA) SH3c 6.8 2 63 NO < 0.06 430 0 SH1c 6.8 3 20 NO < 0.06 53 0 The 17th SH2d 6.7 2 24 NO 0.06 53 0 monitoring SH3c 6.7 4 9 NO 0.08 120 0 6.0 NO QCVN 02:2009/BYT 15 3 150 20 Column II – ≤ 5 ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ 8.5 Notes: QCVN 02:2009/BYT: applicable to water exploitation of individual, household (piped water supply through simple treatment e.g. drilled wells, dug wells, rain-tank, and gravity pipeline). NO: No odor ND: Not detected
Most of parameters of domestic water were within the allowable limits, except for turbidity and Coliforms. The change of parameter values is presented in Figure 11:
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 79 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Figure 11: Quality of domestic water in worker camps in the monitoring visits
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 80 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
+ Parameters of pH, odor, NH4 - N and Ecoli of samples taken in the camps were within the allowable limits of the QCVN 02:2009/BYT – National Technical Regulation on Domestic Water Quality. Turbidity of domestic water samples taken in from the 2nd to the 10th monitoring was 1.2-19.5 times higher than the allowable limit and it decreased with each visit. Turbidity measured from the 11th monitoring to the 17th monitoring was mostly within the allowable limit that shows an obvious improvement. The amount of Coliforms found in the two-thirds of monitoring visits was higher than that of the allowable limit. The highest amount of Coliforms was found in the 3rd, 4th and 10th monitoring visits; however, there was an improvement in treatment of coliforms content in domestic water recorded in the final monitoring visits.
4.1.5. Monitoring and assessment of domestic wastewater quality a. Sampling positions and parameters for domestic wastewater quality
Domestic wastewater was monitored since the 4th monitoring. In the previous monitoring visits, the EMC could not take samples of domestic wastewater because of the following reasons: (i) there were not many workers in the construction site at that time; (ii) domestic wastewater in worker camps was directly discharged into the environment and penetrate into the soil; (iii) In some positions at which domestic wastewater could not be sampled, domestic wastewater in the site office for example since these positions were covered by sand, soil and rock. Sampling positions for domestic wastewater are given in Table 25:
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 81 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 25: Sampling positions for domestic wastewater in the monitoring visits
Sampling positions for Sampling positions for Sampling positions for Sampling position for Sampling position for Sampling positions for domestic wastewater in domestic wastewater in domestic wastewater in domestic wastewater in domestic wastewater from domestic wastewater in the 4th and 5th monitoring the 6th and 7th monitoring the 8th and 9th monitoring the 10th monitoring the 11th monitoring to 16th the 17th monitoring visits visits visits monitoring NT1: Domestic NT1: Domestic NT1: Domestic NT1a: Domestic NT1a: Domestic NT1a: Domestic wastewater in camp of wastewater in camp of wastewater in camp of wastewater in the upper wastewater in the upper wastewater in the upper Contractor SinoHydro Contractor SinoHydro Contractor SinoHydro camp of Contractor camp of Contractor camp of Contractor SinoHydro (3) SinoHydro SinoHydro NT2: Domestic NT2: Domestic NT2: Domestic NT2a: Domestic NT2a: Domestic NT2a: Domestic wastewater in camp 45 wastewater in camp 45 wastewater in camp 45 wastewater in camp 13 wastewater in camp 13 wastewater in the camp (4) of Chinese workers in the rock quarry area (6) NT3: Domestic NT3a: Domestic NT3b: Domestic NT3b: Domestic NT3: c wastewater in NT3d: Domestic wastewater in camp in wastewater in camp 13 wastewater in camp in wastewater in camp in camp of contractor wastewater in camp 45 the left abutment (1) the left abutment the left abutment Song Da 5 – rock (6) (below Pa Pang road) (2) (below Pa Pang road) quarry (5)
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 82 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Sampling positions were changed because of the following reasons: (1) In the 6th monitoring, sampling position was changed from the camp in the left abutment (NT3) into camp 13 (NT3a) since there was no wastewater in the treatment tank and consequently, the EMC could not take any domestic wastewater sample from the camp in the left abutment. (2) In the 8th monitoring, sampling position was changed from camp 13 (NT3a) into the camp in the left abutment (below PaPang) (NT3b) because of the following reasons: At the monitoring time (July 2012), wastewater collection and treatment system of camp 13 was broken and was being repaired. (3) and (4): In the 10th monitoring, samples were not taken in the camp of Contractor SinoHydro (NT1) and camp 45 (NT2) since quality of domestic wastewater was hardly changed through several monitoring visits meanwhile wastewater should be monitored and assessed in many different positions in the construction site. Therefore, the EMC took samples in the upper camp of Contractor SinoHydro (NT1a) and in camp 13 (NT2a). (5) In the 11th monitoring, the EMC could not take any domestic wastewater sample in the camp area in the left abutment (below Pa Pang road); therefore, sample NT3b was replaced with sample NT3c taken in the camp of contractor Song Da 5 – rock quarry. (6) In the 17th monitoring, camp 13 was dismantled; moreover, most of workers in the camp of Contractor Song Da 5 in the rock quarry had moved and this camp was being dismantled. Therefore, samples of domestic wastewater were taken in camp 45 and the camp of Chinese workers in the rock quarry instead of being taken in camp 13 and in the camp of contractor Song Da 5 in the rock quarry. Map of sampling positions for domestic wastewater in the monitoring visits is shown in Figure 12:
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 83 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Figure 12: Sampling positions for domestic wastewater in the monitoring visits
3- Monitoring parameters include pH, TSS, BOD5, NO3, NH4, PO4 , Total lubricant, Coliforms. Quality of domestic wastewater was assessed and compared with the National Technical Regulation on Domestic Wastewater Quality: Column B of QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT. b. Quality of domestic wastewater in construction phase Quality of domestic wastewater in main camp of contractor Sinohydro The analysis results of the domestic wastewater samples taken in the camp of SinoHydro from the 3rd monitoring to the 17th monitoring are given in Table 26: Table 26: Quality of domestic water in the camp of SinoHydro
Monitoring - + 3- Total pH TSS BOD5 NO 3 - N NH 4 - N PO4 - P Coliforms visits lubricant The 3rd 8.04 69 272 6.7 135 5.2 0.8 430000 monitoring th The 4 7.5 212 576 19.2 187 8.1 0.4 9300 monitoring th The 5 6.8 35 97 7.6 67.5 3.35 ND 110000 monitoring th The 6 6.52 104 28 3.1 1.5 0.18 0.3 93000 monitoring
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 84 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Monitoring - + 3- Total pH TSS BOD5 NO 3 - N NH 4 - N PO4 - P Coliforms visits lubricant th The 7 7.24 87 52 3.8 24.5 0.88 0.4 93000 monitoring th The 8 7.3 40 26 2.8 6.5 0.12 0.2 9300 monitoring th The 9 6.6 35 40 5.4 2 0.12 0.4 150 monitoring th The 10 6.7 10 49 2.2 3 0.32 0.4 430000 monitoring th The 11 6.6 94 116 4.8 14.5 1.26 0.3 750 monitoring th The 12 7.23 38 16 5.4 0.45 0.23 2 2400000 monitoring th The 13 7.3 60 20 2 1.3 0.05 3.4 930000 monitoring th The 14 7.4 21 23 0.6 0.53 0.08 1.6 90 monitoring th The 15 7.3 110 21 0.4 4 0.6 1.2 2100 monitoring th The 16 7.4 110 45 0.7 2.6 0.86 0.4 23000 monitoring th The 17 7.3 61 24 0.4 4.4 0.4 0.4 3600 monitoring QCVN 14/ BTNMT 5-9 ≤ 100 ≤ 50 ≤ 50 ≤ 10 ≤ 10 ≤ 20 ≤ 5000 Column B Notes: QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT – column B: National Technical Regulation on Domestic Wastewater – Column B specifies C value of pollution parameters as a basis for calculating the permissible maximum value in domestic wastewater as being discharged into water resources not used for the purpose of domestic water supply ND: Not detected
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 85 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
The change in quality of domestic wastewater taken in the main camp in the monitoring visits is shown in Figure 13:
Figure 13: Quality of domestic water in the camp of SinoHydro
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 86 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Quality of domestic wastewater in camp 45 and camp 13 The analysis results of domestic wastewater samples taken in camp 45 from the 4th monitoring to the 9th monitoring and in camp 13 from the 10th monitoring to the 16th monitoring are given in Table 27: Table 27: Quality of domestic wastewater in camp 45 and in camp 13
- + 3- Total Monitoring NO 3 - NH 4 - PO4 - pH TSS BOD5 lubri Coliforms visits N N P cant The 4th 8.2 26 84 6.2 50 2.8 0.1 21000 monitoring th The 5 7.2 69 98 13.6 60 3 NA 1600000 monitoring th The 6 6.46 79 54 8.2 60.5 0.2 0.8 430000 monitoring th The 7 6.81 230 60 4.6 29.5 1.24 0.2 93000 monitoring th The 8 7.5 36 65 2.6 29 0.87 0.2 12000 monitoring th The 9 6.8 50 156 7.6 89 0.92 0.6 290 monitoring th The 10 6.3 18 70 4.6 4 0.18 < 0.3 230000 monitoring th The 11 6.7 48 52 2 3.4 0.2 - 430 monitoring th The 12 7.31 43 71 5.6 3.6 0.4 3.6 930000 monitoring th The 13 7.3 64 51 3.8 22.4 3.16 4.2 930000 monitoring th The 14 7.1 17 26 0.8 0.9 0.08 1.2 93000 monitoring th The 15 7.4 27 29 0.2 7.5 0.84 0.4 43000 monitoring th The 16 7.4 28 20 0.5 7.5 0.86 0.2 23000 monitoring th The 17 7.2 38 10 0.9 1.1 0.04 0.2 2300 monitoring QCVN 14/ BTNMT 5-9 ≤ 100 ≤ 50 ≤ 50 ≤ 10 ≤ 10 ≤ 20 ≤ 5000 Column B
The change in quality of domestic wastewater in these camps in the monitoring visits is presented in Figure 14:
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 87 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Figure 14: Quality of domestic wastewater in camp 45 and in camp 13
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 88 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
- The analysis results of domestic wastewater quality show that parameters of pH, NO3 - N, 3- PO4 -P and total lubricant were within the allowable limits of the QCVN + 14:2008/BTNMT – column B. The remaining parameters including TSS, BOD5 and NH4 - N and Coliforms measured from the 4th monitoring to the 10th monitoring were all higher than that of the allowable limits. However, in the 9th monitoring and the 11th monitoring visits, these parameters were lower than that of the allowable limits. The EMC recommended that the contractors should improve the domestic wastewater treatment system to ensure quality of domestic water after treatment. Impact on the environment by wastewater generated by construction workers during the construction phase was considered medium.
th + 3- Up to the 17 monitoring time, parameters of pH, TSS, BOD5, NO3- N, NH4 - N, PO4 - P, Coliforms and total lubricant of 3 domestic wastewater samples taken in the main camp, camp 45 and the camp in the quarry (auxiliary camp 1 – camp of Chinese workers) met discharge standards stipulated in QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT thanks to dramatic decrease in the number of workers as well as the improved treatment capacity of septic tanks. 4.2. The results of preliminary monitoring and assessment of ecological environment and biodiversity 4.2.1. Positions and parameters for ecological environment monitoring Monitoring of bio-diversity and ecological environment was conducted by ecological environmental specialists through field survey, interviews with the local people and analysis of available data. Monitoring positions and parameters for ecological environment were shown in Table 28: Table 28: Monitoring positions and parameters for ecological environment Order Contents Positions Parameters Methodology 1 Terrestrial - Construction - Quantity of terrestrial - Using data available fauna and sites fauna and flora in the local flora - Song Thanh - Change in vegetation - Interviews with local Natural - Illegal hunting, logging, people and workers Reserve forestry exploitation, about wild animal - Downstream illegal wildlife trade, etc. hunting area from the back of the dam to the powerhouse 2 Aquatic In Bung River - Quantity of fish and Collecting data and life weed and diversity of interviewing local
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 89 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Order Contents Positions Parameters Methodology their species villagers - Illegal fishing. 3 Changes - Construction - Area of logging trees - Using data available in area -Changes in vegetation in the local vegetation - Song Thanh - Interviews with local Natural people and workers Reserve about deforestation - Downstream - Field survey area from the observation back of the dam to the powerhouse
4.2.2. Wildlife a. Prior to the project implementation (baseline conditions according to the EIA report)
As per the EIA report, composition of terrestrial vertebrate fauna species in the project area before the project implementation is presented in Table 29: Table 29: Regional fauna in the project area
Classes Orders Families Species Mammals 9 20 36 Birds 9 26 57 Reptiles 2 6 21 Amphibians 1 4 19
Source : The EIA report - Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project - 2007 The comparison between regional fauna in the project area and that in the proximity of the project area reveals the diversity of species composition is presented in Table 30: Table 30: Number of terrestrial vertebrate fauna species in different habitats
Habitat Mammals Birds Reptiles Amphibians Vietnam 276 826 180 80 Ba Na Nature Reserve 29 106 20 6 Prong Chu Prong Nature 40 171 36 11 Reserve Kon Ka King Nature 42 160 51 - Reserve
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 90 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Habitat Mammals Birds Reptiles Amphibians Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve 52 190 41 23 Song Thanh Nature Reserve 53 183 44 21 Project area 36 57 21 19
Source: The EIA report - Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project – 2007 According to the EIA report, regional fauna in the dam area of Song Bung Hydropower Plant is diverse in species composition. Rare species are mainly distributed in marginally affected evergreen forests while some species are found in high density in vacant land or grassland.
Mammal fauna As per studies of Forest Inventory and Planning Institute (FIPI) and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), 1997 that were used in the EIA report, there are 58 species of mammals belonging to orders in the West of Quang Nam Province (excluding small species such as Bat, Rat) As per the results of the survey conducted in the project area, survey team repairing the EIA report recorded 46 species of mammals belonging 20 families and 9 orders, of which there are 5 species listed in Vietnam Red Data Book and 3 species listed in IUCN Red List, 1994. Details are shown in Table 31 and Table 32: Table 31: Orders in the proposed construction area of Song Bung 4 Hydropower Plant
No. Orders No. of Family No. of species 1. Insectivora 1 1 2. Carnivora 4 8 3. Earwig 1 1 4. Rodentia 4 6 5. Artiodactyla 4 8 6. Primates 3 7 7. Sc andentia 1 2 8. Pholidota 1 2 9. Lagomorpha 1 1 Total 20 36
Source: The EIA report - Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project – 2007
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 91 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 32: Rare animals in the project area
No. of Description Status Names species Endangered E 1 Pygathrix nemaeus Nycticebus coucang Vu lnerable V 3 Nycticebus pygmaeus Capricornis sumatraensis Rare R 1 Petaurista philippensis Threatened T - IUCN Red List, 1994 Nycticebus pygmaeus
(IUCN ) Nycticebus coucang
Pygathrix nemaeus Source: The EIA report - Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project – 2007 Avifauna As per studies of Forest Inventory and Planning Institute (FIPI) and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), 1997 that were used in the EIA report, about 176 bird species of 46 families and 15 orders, accounting for 21% of total birds in Vietnam are present in the basin of Bung River – Vu Gia in the West of Quang Nam Province. As per the results of the survey conducted in the project area, survey team repairing the EIA report recorded 57 species belonging to 26 families and 9 orders. There is one rare species listed in the Vietnam Red Data Book. Details are shown in Table 33 and Table 34: Table 33: Bird species composition in the project area Order Orders Families Species 1. Galliformes (chicken) 2 6 2. Columbiformes (Pigeons) 2 5 3. Psittaciformes (parrots) 1 2 4. Cuculiformes (common cuckoo) 1 6 5. Strigiformes (owl) 1 3 6. Caprimulgiformes (Nightjars) 1 2 7. Apodiformes (swiftlet) 1 2 8. Piciformes (Woodpecker) 2 3 9. Passeriformes (sparrow) 15 28 Total 26 57 Source: The EIA report - Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project – 2007
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 92 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 34: Rare bird species in the project area
Order. Scientific name Vietnamese name Status 1. Lophura nycthemera Gà lôi vằn T
Source: The EIA report - Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project – 2007 Amphibians and Reptiles As per studies of Forest Inventory and Planning Institute (FIPI) and World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF), 1997 that were used in the EIA report, about 64 species of amphibians and reptiles of 17 families and 3 orders, accounting for 19% of amphibians and reptiles in Vietnam are present in the basin of Bung River. As per the results of the survey conducted in the project area, survey team repairing the EIA report recorded 21 species of reptiles belonging to 6 families of 2 orders; 19 species of amphibians belonging to 4 families of 1 order. Details are shown in Table 35: Table 35: Structure of amphibians and reptiles
Classes Orders Families Species Reptiles 2 6 21 Amphibians 1 4 19
Source: The EIA report - Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project – 2007 Of which the following species are listed in the Red Data Book of Vietnam: Table 36: Rare species of reptiles in the project area
Order Scientific names Status 1 Gekko gecko (Linnaeus, 1758) – (gecko) T 2 Varanus nebulosus (Gray, 1831) – (clouded monitor) V 3 Python molurus (Linnaeus, 1758) – (Burmese python) V 4 Ptyas korros (Schlegel, 1837) – (Indochinese rat snake) T 5 Bungarus fasciatus (Schneider, 1801) – (Banded krait) T 6 Indotestudo elongata (Blyth, 1853) V
Source: The EIA report - Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project – 2007 Table 37: Rare species of amphibians in the project area
Order Scientific name Status 1. Bufo galcatus (Gunther, 1864) R
Source: The EIA report - Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project – 2007
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 93 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
b. Change in wildlife in the construction phase For wildlife, risks caused by the project implementation include: (i) hunting wild animals for selling due to the demand for food of non-resident workers or illegal trade outside the project area; (ii) hunting wild animals for food by local people (not many); (iii) wild animals’ habitat lost due to the construction of the Project or degradation due to illegal logging. Hunting wild animals for selling: The increase in number of people in the project area (mainly project officers, workers and some people who do other services in the construction site) is one of the reasons for the increase in demand for forest product consumption. Meanwhile, local people had easier access the areas in which wild animals live thanks to the establishment of access roads to the construction site and resettlement sites. EMC conducted interviews with some restaurant owners and local people in the project area on wildlife trade. The results of the interviews indicate that wild animals such as wild boar, weasel, muntjac and porcupine were hunted and sold to restaurants in the project area. This activity is partially resulted from the need of non-resident people such as workers, officers and survey team of various projects carried out in the project area including Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project. According to the judgment of the local people and restaurant owners, the quantity of hunted animals decreased dramatically compared to that in the past. Hunting wild animals for food: According to the interviews with local people, hunting some species of wild animals for food did occurred but it was not often. As these products have a high commercial value, local hunters often sold them to traders and restaurant owners to earn extra income. Degradation of wildlife habitat: Habitat loss and fragmentation were direct impacts caused by the construction of dam and reservoir. One significant impact in the construction phase is the impact of noise and vibration generated from construction activities and rock exploitation that caused disorder to lives of some wild animal species live in the project area. Clearance of reservoir bed and water retaining caused loss of aquatic habitats at fully supply level (222.5meters) and increase pressure on other habitats above the water level. The results of the consultation with Nam Song Bung Forest Protection Office and Song Thanh NRMB on illegal hunting in the project area indicate that illegal hunting occurred in the construction phase of the project; however, the number of illegal hunting cases was stable and under control. Despite the controlled situation of illegal hunting, the agencies were concerned that illegal hunting cases would be increased after the water retaining in reservoir is completed. Illegal hunters would increase approach to the forest by waterway while the equipment of water transports of the competent agencies was limited.
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 94 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
According to the results of the consultations with relevant agencies, since the project was commenced, the project workers did not directly cause any illegal hunting case.
4.2.3. Aquatic life a. Aquatic life before the project implementation (baseline data specified in the approved EIA report of the Project) According to the results of the survey carried out in the preparation of the EIA report of the Project, when the Project was not commenced there were 107 fish species belonging to 31 families and 9 orders, of which, order Cypriniformes that has 59 species, amounting to 55.1 % of total fish species). Brackish fish species only found in river section no 5 including Clupanodon thrissa, Liza seheli, Gerres filamentosus, Chanda gymnocephala, Sillago sihama, Pisodonophis boro, Strongylura strongylura, Mystus gulio, Eleuthronema tetradactylum, Nibea soldado. Of the fish species found in Vu Gia river system, there are 4 species are listed in Vietnam Red Data Book (2000) as “threatened” species, including Clupanodon thrissa, Anguilla marmorata, Bangana lemassoni, and Tor tambroides Bleeker. Composition of fish species indicate that 7 non-native fish species were imported from China, India, Africa and America, 3 other fish species were introduced from the Red River and Mekong River Delta. Details are shown in Table 38: Table 38: Presence of fish species in Bung River and Vu Gia River
Nu mber specified in No. of No. of No. Order % % the Vietnam families species Red Data Book 1 Clupeiformes 1 3. 2 1 1 1 2 Osteoglossiformes 1 3. 2 1 1 3 Anguilliformes 2 6. 4 2 1. 8 1 4 Characiformes 1 3. 2 1 1 - 5 Cypriniformes 3 9. 7 59 55.1 2 6 Siluriformes 6 19. 4 14 13.1 7 Synbranchiformes 2 6.5 3 2. 8 - 8 Beloniformes 2 6. 5 2 1. 9 - 9 Perciformes 13 41. 9 24 22.4 - Total 31 100 107 100 4 Source: EIA report of Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project -2007
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 95 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
According to the experience of local people, fish species in Vu Gia River basin could be divided into two types: black fish and white fish. Black fish: Black fish species often appear in the dry season between wet mud and vegetation layers. These fish species commonly found in wet rice field as well as standing water area of river and stream branches. Most of the fish species eat meat and debris. Black fish group consists of the following families: Channidae, Clariidae and Anabantidae. Almost all of these species are dark. White fish: This group of fish species includes family Cyprinidae and species of order Siluriformes and families Pangansiidae, Siluridae, v.v... b. Aquatic life in the construction phase:
According to the monitoring of surface water quality in environmental monitoring visits, water turbidity measured in upstream and downstream of the construction site was relatively high. River flow has high turbidity due to the construction activities of the project and those of Song Bung 2 HPP in the upstream area as well as illegal gold mining in the reservoir area. Turbid river water reduces the primary biological productivity of the water body due to the amount of sunlight through the water decreases and the intensity of photosynthesis of aquatic plants was limited. River water quality has a significant impact on the lives and activities of aquatic plants and animals According to the interviews with local people, fishing on Bung River has been no longer happened since there were hardly any fish species in this area because of high turbidity in river water.
“Recent years there is no one fishing in this river because fishes cannot survive by the impacts of the construction of the hydropower plant and gold mining. In previous years, there were still Hemibagrus and Eel but now no one catches these kinds of fish.
Said Mr. Phan Van Thinh – Vinh Village – Ta Poo Commune (July 2014) When the reservoir was established, some fish species adjusted to habitat in the reservoir have been increased and developed after. The interviews with local people indicate that after the water retention in the reservoir commenced (August 2014), fishing in the project area started again. Quantity of fish species and productivity was not large; however, fishing provides extra income and food for local households.
“Level of water in the reservoir raised, local people starts their fishing again. The past few days, I saw that people were very happy because they caught a lot of anabas and snaked-head fishes”.
Said Mr. Phan Tan – Ta Poo Commune, Nam Giang District (November 2014)
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 96 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
4.2.4. Change in vegetation a. Vegetation before the project implementation (baseline data specified in the approved EIA report of the Project) According to the research results of the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute (FIPI) and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) in 1997 quoted in the EIA report, regional flora in the West of Quang Nam Province, there are 32 tracheophyta species belonging to 20 genera of 13 families, 6 species of Gymnospermae belonging to 5 genera of 3 families, and 504 species of Magiospermae belonging to 344 genera of 90 families. During the preparation of the EIA report, the results of the ecological survey in the area surrounding the reservoir of SB4 HPP show that the flora in the surveyed area consists of 415 plant species of 99 families. The number of plant species found in the surveyed area represents 3.8% of total plant species in Vietnam (according to WWF, 1997). Details are shown in Table 39: Table 39: Flora in the surveyed area as outlined in the EIA report Divisions Family Species Posilophyta 13 26 Gymnospermae 02 02 Magiospermae
Dicotyledonae 12 313
Monocotyledon 72 74 Total 99 415 Source: EIA report of Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project -2007
In the regional flora in the surveyed area, the survey team recorded the following rare and precious plant species that are listed in the Vietnam Red Data Book that shown in Table 40: Table 40: rare and precious plant species in the surveyed area Grade of preciousness and Species Vietnamese name rareness Grade V Irvingia malayana Kơ nia Sindora siamensis G ụ mật Manglietia dandyi Vàng tâm Rhodoleia championi Hồng quang Calamus poilanei Song mật Source: EIA report of Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project -2007
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 97 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
However, the results of the field survey in the preparation of the EIA report indicate that the area of evergreen forest that will be inundated in the reservoir mostly has trees with small diameter and crooked trees. Vegetation along Bung River branch and within proposed inundated area includes herbaceous layer, shrub layer, remaining plants of secondary forest and a part of secondary remained after exploitation. Forest vegetation in the powerhouse area is well-developed and diversified consists of marginally affected evergreen forest with medium reserves; however, most of area of this forest distributed on high slopes compared to the river bed. b. Change in vegetation in the pre-construction and construction phases Vegetation in the reservoir bed Before the construction phase started, vegetation in the reservoir bed was affected by illegal gold mining. During the illegal gold mining, the land in the riverside was lost that led to vegetation loss and caused erosion and landslides. However, collection of forest products and clearance in the reservoir bed to serve water retaining of the project made significant changes to the vegetation in this area.
April 2010
July 2014 Figure 15: Severely affected tropical broadleaf evergreen forest in the reservoir bed
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 98 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Vegetation in the quarry Composition of regional flora and structure of vegetation in the exploitation area of the quarry was completely cleared.
Before construction phase After construction phase Figure 16: Vegetation in the quarry The vegetation structure in this area is tropical broadleaf evergreen forest that was severely affected. Coverage of the vegetation is approximate 40% including some genuses of timber trees that are 8-15m tall and belong to the families of Sterculiaceae, Meliaceae, Fabaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Combretaceae, etc. Shrub layer includes plants that are 2-8m tall, including Annonaceae, Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, Myrsinaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Melastomataceae, etc. Herbaceous layer is 2m tall including tracheophyta species such as species of families Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Zingiberaceae; Musaceae, etc. Liana species include Pueraria Montana and Argyreia capitata.
Vegetation in the main construction sites Vegetation in the main construction sites were cleared to serve the construction works of the project since the project was commenced.
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 99 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Before construction After construction Figure 17: Vegetation in the dam site before and in construction phase
Vegetation in the construction sites has the following structure: Marginally affected tropical broadleaf evergreen forest: This kind of forest distributes on mountaintops within the project area and along Bung River. Lowland tropical broadleaf evergreen forest consists of a number of medium timber trees, shrubs and hebarceous plants Severely affected tropical broadleaf evergreen forest: This forest coverage is approximately 40%, however, there are still some big timber trees. This kind of forest is popular in the whole project area.
Figure 18: Closed evergreen forest surrounding the construction sites
Shrub layer: Shrub layer distributes scattered. Shrub layer appeared in the project area because of the consequense of excessive forest exploitation that made forest not to be recovered. This layer mainly includes trees that are no taller than 8m.
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 100 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Figure 19: Shrub layer surrounding the construction sites
Herbaceous layer: This layer distributes scattered in the surveyed area of the project area; Herbaceous layer ecosystem is formed mainly by forest fire or barely deforestation for plantation of agricultural crops with the average height of 0.5 – 2m. Ecosystem along rivers and streams: Ecosystem along rivers and streams is characterized by some kinds of flood tolerant plant species. The flow in the river was still normal; however, the level of turbidity was quite high beause of the impacts of rain-wash and contruction activities of the project as well as illegal gold mining along the branches of Bung River basin.
4.2.5. Replacement afforestation According to the report on progress of forest plantations that have been implemented to replace the area of natural forest affected by SB4 Hydropower Project of Replacement Afforestation Board and Song Thanh NRMB, up to March 2015, the progress of the forest plantations are as follows: a. Protective forest plantation: divided into 2 packages
Package 1 (Contractor - Song Tien Hydropower Investment Joint Stock Company): Completion of protective forest plantation in 59.4ha in 2014 (Plot 3 – sub-area 284 in Ta Poo Commune 80,000 trees of 2 species, of which 40,000 trees belong to Chukrasia velutina species and 40.000 trees belong to Hopea odorata species).
Package 2 (Contractor - Management Board of Ba Na-Nui Chua special-use forest in Da Nang City): Completion ofprotective forest plantation in 82.1ha in 2013 (34 ha of Plot 2 – Sub-are 284 in Ta Poo Commune; Plot 1.3 – Sub-area 337 in Cha Val Commune with 92,000 trees of 2 species including 46,000 Chukrasia velutina trees and 46,000 Hopea odorata trees; Forest care phase 1 of the first year was finished and phase 2 was started in early November 2014 in compliance with sylvicultural techniques.
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 101 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
b. Special-use forest:
Song Thanh NRMB: According to the design of replacement afforestation for an area of 65.057ha in plots 3 and 6 of sub-area 304 in Ta Bhing Commune, Nam Giang District will be planted as mixed plantation with three plant species and the density of 1,333 trees per hectare; details are follows: Hopea odorata (444 trees per hectare); Erythrophleum fordii (445 trees per hectare); Chukrasia velutina (444 trees per hectare); Song Thanh NRMB has conducted forest plantation since November 2014. Up to early March 2015, replacement afforestation for 65.057ha has been finished and prepared for checking and taking over.
4.3. Health of local people and workers in the project area
4.3.1. Health of local people in the project area The results of the consultations with Nam Giang District Health Center on the situation of infectious diseases in project communes (Zuoi, ChaVal, Ta Bhing and Ta Poo) indicate that during the construction phase of the project there was no epidemic disease happened in Nam Giang District in general and in project communes in particular. Local people mostly caught common diseases such as cough, temperature, influenza, and stomachache. Situation of diseases among the local people in the project communes is given as follows: (i) Zuoih Commune Health Center detected 145 diarrhoea cases and 138 bronchitis and influenza cases; (ii) ChaVal Commune Health Center detected 137 diarrhoea cases and 203 bronchitis and influenza cases; (iii) Ta Bhing Commune Health Center detected 172 diarrhoea cases and 197 bronchitis and influenza cases. Causes of diarrhea were that local people did not keep their living environment hygienic and lack knowledge on food hygiene and safety; they had still used water without boiling before drinking. Bronchitis was detected mainly among children due to weather conditions or their parents did not know how to take care of them well or protect them against this disease. Furthermore, during the construction phase of the project from 2010 to 2014, Nam Giang District Health Center detected 08 malaria cases in the communes surrounding the project area. Malaria patients were all non-residents. Of the patients, one is Mr. Hen Bin Lei - a Chinese worker of SB4 HPP that was infected with malaria parasite (Plasmodium vivax (P.v). The patient was infected with malaria parasite before coming to the project area. He was examined and treated in the Health Center timely. 4.3.2. Health of project workers in the construction phase The results of the interviews with the Department of Occupational Safety, Health and Environment of contractor SinoHydro and some construction workers in construction sites indicate that there was no serious case related to construction worker’s health occurred
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 102 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
during the construction phase. Contractors attached special importance to healthcare for workers and maintained the following activities: (i) sufficient provision of personal protective equipment for construction workers such as mask, hard hat, protective belt… (ii) Assigning 01 medical staff in construction sites to provide healthcare services for construction workers and give first aid in the event of occupational accident; (iii) Monitoring of domestic water quality every three months in order to ensure that domestic water quality fully meet the technical requirements; and (iv) application of insect and mosquito killer sprays in worker camps.
Results of monitoring of environmental quality in the project area 103 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
V. AGENCIES INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 5.1. Agencies involved in the project environmental management Environmental management activities of SB4 HPP were implemented under the cooperation of the following agencies that shown in Figure 20:
Agency of Environmental protection under Quang Nam Department of ADB, EVN Natural Resources and Environment
SB4 PMU Department of Environment and Resettlement
Mott MacDonald Consultant SinoHydro Contractor EMC
Project Area
Figure 20: Diagram of Environmental management of SB4 HPP
Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project Management Broad (SB4 HPMB)
- The SB4 HPMB assigns an agency that is in charge of environmental monitoring to monitor and manage all environmental issues during the project implementation; - The SB4 HPMB assigns some environmental officers to supervise environmental issues during the construction phase and living environment of workers weekly; - The SB4 HPMB coordinates with the contractors to monitor surface water monthly in order to timely detect problems regarding water environment. At the same time, the SB4 HPMB conducted regular hydrologic monitoring to examine water level and flow of Bung River
Agencies involved in the project environmental management 104 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
- The SB4 HPMB coordinates with Nam Giang Forest Protection Office and Management Board of Song Thanh Natural Reserve in environment protection and detecting and arresting of illegal forest exploitation cases. - The SB4 HPMB prepares semiannual environmental monitoring reports to submit EVN, ADB and Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Quang Nam Province twice a year.
Consultant Mott MacDonald and PECC4
- Consultant Mott MacDonald – PECC4 monitors the implementation of mitigation measures for environmental impacts and environmental sanitation measures by SinoHydro and sub-contractors. The monitoring is conducted by Mott MacDonald – PECC4 once a week (every Wednesday) in the whole construction sites (construction sites and camp site). - Mott MacDonald- PECC4 has the responsibility to record, make minutes and inform contractor SinoHydro on environmental violations then report these cases to SB4 HPMB in writing.
- Mott MacDonald – PECC4 detects environmental problems during the monitoring process and coordinates with the SB4 HPMB and relevant stakeholders to solve the problems.
Department of Environmental Hygiene and Occupational Safety of SinoHydro - SinoHydro has a department that is responsible for environmental issues and occupational safety. - SinoHydro monitors all issues related to environmental hygiene in camp sites and construction sites weekly. The contractor serves a warning for the camps, workers and subcontractors that violate any regulation on occupational safety and environmental hygiene for the first time of violation. For the next times, SinoHydro imposes a fine on each environmental violation case. The amount of the fine will be increase parallel with the extent of the violation. - SinoHydro has the responsibility to handle and reduce environmental violation cases as regulated by SB4 HPMB, Mott MacDonald - PECC4, Quang Nam Environmental Protection Agency and the EMC. - SinoHydro also has the responsibility to coordinate with SB4 HPMB, consultant Mott MacDonald – PECC 4 and the EMC in supervision, detection and handling of environmental problems.
Agencies involved in the project environmental management 105 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Environmental Monitoring Consultant (EMC) - The EMC conducts quarterly monitoring depending on the project implementation progress. The EMC will examine and monitor the implementation of mitigation measures for environmental and social impacts in the project area and residential areas adjacent to the project area by the contractors. - The EMC has the responsibility to propose recommendations on the implementation of the mitigation measures for contractors. - The EMC coordinates with SB4 HPMB, Mott MacDonald - PECC4 and SinoHydro to detect and handle environmental problems.
Environmental Protection Agency of Quang Nam Province - Quang Nam Environmental Protection Agency has the responsibility to inspect and monitor the implementation of mitigation measures for environmental impacts of the project. - The Agency monitors the implementation of mitigation measures and environmental hygiene through semi-annual reports of the SB4 HPMB. - The inspection and monitoring will be implemented when local people and authorities have recommendations on environmental impacts or when the Agency check and take over work items for which mitigation measures need to be applied such as clearance of reservoir bed. ADB and EVN - ADB and EVN have the responsibility to monitor the implementation of mitigation measures for environmental impacts and environmental issues of the project through semi-annual monitoring reports of the SB4 HPMB and field supervisions. - ADB and EVN have the responsibility to support the SB4 HPMB in strengthening environmental management capacity and response to environmental incidents. 5.2. The cooperation of relevant agencies in the environmental management of the Project Regarding implementation of mitigation measures for environmental impacts: In the construction phase, environmental protection measures were implemented under the cooperation of relevant agencies including SB4 HPMB, contractor SinoHydro, the Environmental Monitoring Consultants and local authorities. The main contractor SinoHydro is responsible to the SB4 HPMB for organizing the implementation of mitigation measures for environmental impacts which caused by its
Agencies involved in the project environmental management 106 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
construction activities and subcontractors’. The implementation of mitigation measures were monitored weekly by Mott MacDonald – PECC4 and quarterly by EMC. Monitoring consultants informed the main contractor and sub-contractors as well as reported to the SB4 HPMB of the issues they recorded in monitoring visits. In addition, local authorities and local people also informed the SB4 HPMB of environmental issues such as dust emissions along access road to the quarry (in 2013). Based on the reported information, the SB4 HPMB made appropriate sanctions for the non-compliance by contractors. Assessment: Close coordination in the implementation of mitigation measures for environmental impacts.
Regarding forest protection: Nam Giang District Forest Protection Office cooperated with Song Thanh NRMB (Special-use Forest Protection Office of Song Thanh Natural Reserve) to inspect and control key areas of illegal exploitation,trade and transportation of forest products. The SB4 HPMB and relevant stakeholders cooperated with the Forest Protection Offices to implement the mission when necessary. As forest owners, Nam Giang District Forest Protection Office cooperated with Song Thanh NRMB to arrange staffing and other necessary conditions for organization of management of forest resources within their assigned forest areas and the area affected by Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project; at the same time, coordinated with construction contractors to implement forest management and protection during the construction phase of the Project. The SB4 HPMB supported Song Thanh NRMB to purchase one motor-boat for patrol on Song Bung 4 Reservoir (the area adjacent to Song Thanh Nature Reserve) and built one access control post in the area nearby flood-resistant road National highway 14D. Assessment: Good coordination in protection of forest in the area affected by the Project. Replacement afforestation: The SB4 HPMB cooperated with Replacement Afforestation Management Board of Quang Nam District Committee to plant 141.5 ha of protection forest, production forest and coordinated with Song Thanh NRMB to plant 65ha of special use forest in the Nature Reserve. The SB4 HPMB assign staff to participate in the verification of the area of replacement afforestation as well as provide budget for executing agencies timely. Assessment: Good coordination in replacement afforestation.
Agencies involved in the project environmental management 107 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
VI. RESULTS OF THE MONITORING OF CONTRACTORS’ COMPLIANCE WITH IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES Results of the monitoring was summarized in a form of table that indicate requirements specified in the EMP, the implementation of mitigation measures by contractors and assessment of degree of constructors’ compliance with respective environmental protection measures. The assessment used simple quantitative matrix. Degree of compliance was assessed according to five-point rating scale, details as follows: 1 = Non-compliance 2 = Low compliance (complied with about 25% of regulated mitigation measures, not maintained and implemented mitigation measures meaningfully) 3 = Medium compliance (complied with above 50% of regulated mitigation measures, maintained and implemented mitigation measures meaningfully at medium level) 4 = Good compliance (complied with above 75% of regulated mitigation measures, maintained and implemented mitigation measures meaningfully) 5 = Full compliance (complied with 100% of regulated mitigation measures, maintained and implemented mitigation measures meaningfully) Total point for the measures was averaged to assess the compliance with each environmental protection measure group. Degree of compliance is categorized as follows: < 3: Low-degree compliance
3 – 4: Medium-degree compliance > 4: High-degree compliance Environmental protection measures groups consist of: (i) group of measures for air; (ii) group of measures for water; (iii) group of measures for solid waste; (iv) group of measures for hazardous waste; (v) group of measures for erosion and landslide; (vi) group of measures for fire and explosion hazards; (vii) group of measures for worker’s heath and occupational safety; (viii) group of measures for reservoir and site cleaning.
6.1. Implementation of mitigation measures for impacts on air quality
6.1.1. Mitigation measures envisaged in the EMP and contractors’ compliance EMC’s assessment of the degree of compliance with mitigation measures for impacts on air quality of contractors is given in details in Table 41:
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 108 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 41: Implementation of mitigation measures for impacts on air quality
Mitigation measures specified in the Degree of No. Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors EMP compliance 1 Soil and rock will be covered during According to the results of environmental monitoring visits, just some vehicles 3 transportation to avoid being dropped transporting construction materials were covered with canvas while others were not along transportation routes. Dropped covered with canvas during transportation process as specified in the EMP. materials must be thoroughly collected. Since soil and rock were not covered during transportation, they were dropped along transportation route and became secondary source of dust in construction sites. This event was recorded in several environmental monitoring visits from 2011 to 2014. For some materials transporting vehicles that were covered with canvas, the covering did not meet the requirement (materials were not covered completely).
Figure 21: Construction materials were not covered during transportation 2 Transporting vehicles used in the Transporting vehicles used for construction activities were quite new and 3 construction phase of the project must be maintained and examined regularly during the construction phase ensure the amount maintained and examined periodically to of exhaust gases generated from them does not exceed the allowable limits and ensure the amount of exhaust gases environmental standards. All machines and vehicles operated in construction sites generated from them does not exceed the had valid operation license during their operation in construction sites; However, allowable limits and environmental through monitoring visits, EMC recorded that a number of vehicles emitted black standards; Machines and transporting smoke during their operation. These vehicles must be maintained and their engine vehicles operates in construction sites oil must be changed oil to reduce the emission of toxic gases into the environment. must obtained valid operation license
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 109 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Mitigation measures specified in the Degree of No. Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors EMP compliance during the project implementation; 3 Access roads adjacent to residential areas SinoHydro used water tank trucks since November 2010 and established 3 water 4 will be watered in dry days, at least twice supply stations (one operated since November 2010 and the other one operated a day to minimize dust; Arrange 1or 2 since March 2011) with the frequence of twice a day at 7:00am and 14:00pm. Since water tank trucks to do water sprays in The 11th environmental monitoring ( April 2013) the number of water tank trucks the areas with high dust concentration and their operation frequence were adjusted suitable to weather conditions and (construction sites, roads near materials amount of dust ( 3 tank trucks with the operation frequence of 5 times per day). At gathering areas). In dry and windy days, the final environmental monitoring in the construction phase (the 17th water spray will be conducted at least environmental monitoring in November 2014), the contractor maintained 1 tank twice a day to limit the dispersion of dust truck that was operated if required. in the air to ensure that the amount of dust in the air meets the current regulations.
Figure 22: Water tank trucks of the contractor In crushing plant in the quarry, water was sprayed directly to feed chutes. In the crushing plant near sub-tunnel 1, crushing and screening line was design with a water spray system to minimize dust. Crushing and screening chutes were covered to minimize dust dispersed into the air.
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 110 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Mitigation measures specified in the Degree of No. Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors EMP compliance
Figure 23: Water sprays and covering were applied in the crushing and screening plant However, contractors did not conduct water praying meaningfully. The water spray system was not turned on regularly whenever the crushing plant operated. 4 In the construction sites there must be 02 There were 02 vehicle washing stations at site entrance as specified in the EMP. 3 vehicle washing stations at site entrance However, transporting vehicles mainly to ensure that all vehicles will be washed Operated within construction site, except for some vehicles transporting mechanical (especially their wheels) before leaving equipment. In addition, rubber water pipes were arranged in worker camps so that the site to limit the dispersion of dust workers could wash vehicles if necessary. generated from wheels along traffic routes. 5 All routes serving the construction of the All routes serving the construction of the project from National Highway 14D to the 5 project from National Highway 14D to dam site and the powerhouse, main access road to the dam and the powerhouse, etc. the dam site and the powerhouse, main were asphalted. Repair and collection of soil and rock sliding down due to access road to the dam and the landslide dropped materials along the routes were maintained during the powerhouse, etc. must be asphalted, construction phase. At the final environmental monitoring in the construction phase particularly, other routes passing through (November 2014), most of the routes were asphalted for normal sections or residential areas. concreted for the sections at high risk of landslide.
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 111 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Mitigation measures specified in the Degree of No. Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors EMP compliance
Figure 24: Repair and improvement of transporting routes 6 Trees will be planted where possible to This measure was not applied since the project area is spacious; construction site is Not applicable minimize dust dispersion, exhaust gases located far from residential areas and the vegetation in the project area is quite and noise. diverse. 7 Construction machines and equipment are Construction activities, materials transportation, blasting and rock exploitation were 5 allowed to operate in the daytime only. If all carried out in the daytime to avoid affecting daily life of local people. it is needed to use the machines and equipment at night, it is necessary to inform local people in neibouring areas of this issue to obtain their agreement; 8 For the machines and equipment that may This measure was not applied since the project area is spacious and construction site Not applicable generate big noise such as excavator and is located far from residential areas bulldozer, muffler should be installed if possible; 9 Provide personal protective equipment To minimize impact of noise on workers, contractors arranged work shifts for 4 such as hearing protection devices and workers so that they had proper working and rest time. limit working time for the workers who works in the areas with excessive noise. Average 3.8 Assessment of the degree of compliance with mitigation measures for environmental impacts: medium-degree compliance
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 112 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
6.1.2. Assessment of effectiveness of implementation of mitigation measures for impacts on air quality and improvement of compliance of contractors With respect to watering on transporting routes: Although the quantity and operation frequence of water tank trucks were compliant with those specified in the EMP (two tank trucks with the frequence of at least twice a day), the operation frequence of transporting vehicles and weather conditions in the construction sites, dust was still generated on transporting routes, especially the route from the quarry to waste disposal site 1. This event affected daily activities of local households, particularly the households in Cay Cho area in Vinh Village of Ta Poo Commune. In the second quarter of 2013, four households affected by the impact of dust ( namely households of Mr. Nguyen Duc Xuong, Mr. Ngo Van Thich, Mr. Blup Alo and Mr. Nguyen Tien Luc) lodged complaints on the impact of dust generated from transporting vehicles to the local authorities. The SB4 HPMB coordinated with the local relevant agencies to examine and assess the level of impact on each household. The SB4 HPMB also assigned the consultant to monitor the issue and asked contractors to overcome the outstanding issue by applying mitigation measures such as concreting route 14D - the section near Cay Cho Bridge, increasing water spraying in the crushing plant, increasing the frequence of watering on the transporting routes from the rock quarry to road 14D and waste disposal site 1, etc. The four affected households were provided with cash assistance. With respect to watering materials in crushing plants: Water sprays were implemented in crushing plants to minimize dust generation. In the crushing plant near sub-tunnel 1, crushing and screening line was design with a water spray system to minimize dust; however, construction contractors did not implement this measure meaningfully. The water spray system was not turned on frequently when the crushing plant was operated. The EMC informed contractors of this issue; however, it was not significantly improved.
Figure 25: Rock crushing plant nearby sub-tunnel 1 before and after water spray system was turned on in the 11th environmental monitoring (April 2013)
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 113 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
With respect to mitigation measures for exhaust gases generated from transporting vehicles: Mitigation measures for exhaust gases generated from transporting vehicles were maintenance of vehicles and oil change; however, the effectiveness of these measures was not high. In environmental monitoring visits, EMC observed some transporting vehicles that emitted black smoke during transportation. The vehicles should be maintained and oil should be changed to. After being reminded by EMC and relevant agencies, contractors applied mitigation measures for the event so the quantity of vehicles emitting black smoke was reduce; however, the event still happened (Figure 26).
Figure 26: Transporting vehicles emitting black smoke
6.2. Implementation of mitigation measures for impacts on water quality 6.2.1. Mitigation measures specified in the EMP and compliance of contractors
EMC’s assessment of the degree of compliance with mitigation measures for impacts on water quality of contractors is given in details in Table 42.
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 114 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 42: Implementation of mitigation measures for impacts on water
Degree of No. Mitigation measures specified in the EMP Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors compliance Construction wastewater: 1 Sedimentation tanks should be established in Sedimentation tanks were established near tunnels, diversion intake, powerhouse, 4 suitable places in rock crushing plants, crushing plant in the quarry, etc. to collect construction wastewater and remove concrete mining plants, concrete work and cement, sand and other particles in wastewater before discharging into the earthwork areas. Rainwater running through environment. the areas will be conducted into the tanks to remove cement and sand before discharging into the environment.
Sedimentation tank near sub-tunnel 1 Sedimentation tank near powerhouse
Sedimentation tank near cement mixing Sedimentation tank near small plant concrete mixing plant
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 115 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Degree of No. Mitigation measures specified in the EMP Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors compliance
Sedimentation tank near gasoline filling Sedimentation tank near station in the quarry crushing plant in the quarry Figure 27: Some construction wastewater sedimentation tanks However, a number of sedimentation tanks were not dredged regularly that created a thick layer of sediments and made sedimentation capacity decreased. 2 To minimize water pollution during Since the composition of wastewater generated from construction activities of the 1 construction process, regular monitoring and project was quite simple, mainly wastewater generated from concrete placement, control of quality of water, especially wastewater monitoring was conducted through field observation and monitoring of
construction wastewater will be applied to parameters turbidity, COD, DO, BOD5 and lubricant as specified in the EMP was not propose recommendations and solutions. carried out. Monitoring parameters include: turbidity,
COD, DO, BOD5 and lubricant. Implement periodic monitoring and examination of water quality according to the standards for industrial wastewater. W astewater generated from worker’s daily activities: 3 Wastewater generated from worker’s daily Wastewater generated from workers’ daily activities was collected and treated by 3 activities will be collected and treated to septic tanks. Although septic tanks for worker’s wastewater were constructed, ensure the quality of wastewater meet the wastewater after being treated still had bad odor. Results of the monitoring of technical regulation of QCVN wastewater generated in worker camps shows that there were some parameters that
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 116 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Degree of No. Mitigation measures specified in the EMP Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors compliance 14:2008/BTNMT before discharging into the was not satisfied the allowable limits of QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT. environment. 4 Contractors have to establish mobile septic- Main camps and auxiliary camps in construction sites were established with 5 tank toilets (3-vault toilets) in worker camps wastewater (generated by construction workers) collection and treatment system. The and construction sites. system consists of: (i) septic tanks for collection and treatment of wastewater from toilets, (ii) preliminary sedimentation tanks for collection and treatment of wastewater from kitchens and (iii) drainage for rainwater runoff collection.
Sedimentation tank in Septic tank in camp 45 kitchen area Figure 28: Sedimentation tank and septic tank After being reminded many times by the EMC and consultant PECC4, contractor SinoHydro placed mobile toilets in some locations in construction sites such as the powerhouse and the dam site, etc. 5 Indiscriminate urination and defecation by Propaganda and dissemination of regulations on environmental hygiene, of which 5 workers at wrong places are strictly regulation on indiscriminate urination and defecation that affect landscape and quality prohibited because that affect landscape and of the environment in the project area was included. quality of the environment in the project area Average 3.6 Assessment of the degree of compliance with mitigation measures for environmental impacts: medium-degree compliance
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 117 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
6.2.2. Assessment of effectiveness of implementation of mitigation measures for impacts on water quality and improvement of compliance of contractors Regarding construction wastewater sedimentation tanks: As recorded in different environmental monitoring visits, sedimentation tanks in some construction sites such as powerhouse, RCC mixing plant and crushing plant in the quarry were not dredged regularly. The sediment layer in the tanks was thick so their sedimentation capacity was reduced. Consultant PECC4 and the EMC reminded of this issue in several monitoring visits; however, dredging of sedimentation tanks was not implemented meaningfully.
Sedimentation tank near RCC mixing plant Sedimentation tank near crushing plant in the quarry Figure 29: Sedimentation tanks were not frequently dredged The height of construction wastewater sedimentation tank in the powerhouse was not met technical requirement. This sedimentation tank was inundated by a flood occurred in September 2013. In the environmental monitoring visits before September 2013, the EMC and consultant PECC4 reminded contractors of the height of sedimentation tank in the powerhouse site several times; however, contractors did not deal with this situation. Sedimentation tank in fuel storage and fuelling station in the quarry were provided with oil trap in discharging pipe in the last compartment of the tanks. Although the effectiveness of this measure was not high, the amount of oil in wastewater generated in the areas was not large and leaked oil was minimized by placing sand on the floor of the oil storage so impact of oil in construction wastewater was substantially mitigated. Regarding collection and treatment of wastewater generated by workers:
Although septic tanks for treatment of wastewater generated in worker camps were built, treated wastewater in many camps was still smelly. Wastewater from the kitchens in worker camps was only treated by preliminary sedimentation tank before discharging into the environment. In the environmental
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 118 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
monitoring visits in 2011, sedimentation tanks for kitchen wastewater had no cover that caused bad odor and attracted insects. In the 6th monitoring, the EMC observed that kitchen wastewater sedimentation tank was provided with cover.
Sedimentation tank without cover Sedimentation tank with cover Figure 30: Kitchen wastewater sedimentation tanks in main camps Drainage was not dredged caused standing water in main camps. The EMC informed and reminded contractors of this issue in the 10th environmental monitoring. The issue then was handled by contractors.
6.3. Implementation of solid waste management and treatment measures 6.3.1. Mitigation measures specified in the EMP and compliance of contractors EMC’s assessment of the degree of compliance with management and treatment measures for solid waste is presented specifically in Table 43.
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 119 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 43: Implementation of solid waste management and treatment measures
Mitigation measures specified in No. Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors Degree of compliance the EMP Construction wastewater 1 Construction waste includes In construction sites, there were 4 planned waste disposal sites (N1, N2, N3 and 5 construction and earthwork materials N4), of which, waste disposal sites N1 and N2 were located near the dam site with which is collected and gathered in the capacity of 8.9 ha per 1,019,000m3 and 21.7 ha per 1,322,000m3 respectively; waste disposal sites located along waste disposal sites N3 and N4 were located near energy alignments and had the construction routes. Waste will be capacity of 2.1ha per 61,500m3 and 5.5ha per 860,000m3 respectively. Contractors gathered in waste disposal sites that conducted leveling in the areas planned for gathering of waste soil and rock in play as transfer stations before waste construction sites in 2011. will be transported to suitable disposal sites. Waste disposal sites are arranged sufficiently and properly to facilitated the collection of construction waste.
Waste disposal site 1 Waste disposal site 4
Figure 31: Waste disposal sites in construction sites In many environmental monitoring visits, the EMC recorded that construction 2 waste was not thoroughly collected, especially that in the powerhouse, crushing plant near sub-tunnel 1 and concrete mixing plant. The EMC and environmental monitoring consultant of contractors reminded of this event; however, it still happened. Some workers burned solid waste instead of transporting it to waste disposal sites. 2 Trenches will be dug around waste Contractors built retaining walls to prevent soil and rock sliding down to the river 5
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 120 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Mitigation measures specified in No. Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors Degree of compliance the EMP disposal sites to collect rainwater bed. runoff to prevent suspended solids from being swept away by rainwater runoff and settle runoff before discharging into river. 3 Construction workers have the At the final environmental monitoring in the construction phase (November 2014), 5 responsibility to process construction waste disposal sites were returned to their original state and prepared for tree waste disposal sites and return to their planting. original state after completion of construction and before leaving the project area. Solid waste generated from worker’s daily activities: 4 There will be at least 2 waste All rooms in site office had small waste containers inside to collect waste before 5 containers in each worker camp. In gathering in 150liter-waste containers outside the office. Waste generated by construction sites, 150liter- waste workers in camps was collected in 150liter-waste containers placed around worker containers will be placed to collect camps and one big iron waste containers (in main camp) or in a dug hole with the wastes; Each room in site office will volume of 12m3 before transporting to waste disposal sites. has at least two small waste containers.
Figure 32: Waste containers in worker camps
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 121 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Mitigation measures specified in No. Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors Degree of compliance the EMP 5 Inorganic wastes will be treated In some camps, waste classification was implemented by usable composition: (i) 5 together with construction wastes. Re- food waste from the kitchen was collected and transferred to the local people to feed using of recyclable wastes will be their livestock; (ii) cans, cardboard, paper, plastic, ... were collected for selling. The encouraged. camps in which waste classification was implemented include camp 13, camp 45, and camp of contractor Song Da 5 in the quarry.
Camp 13 Camp of contractor Song Da 5 Figure 33: Waste classification in worker camps 6 Pits will be dug to burry waste. The Waste generated from worker’s daily activities was buried since early 2012 after 5 pits must be located far from water being recommended by the SB4 HPMB and consultants. Waste was buried in pits in sources, inundated areas or the area disposal site 1 that had the location and design approved by the SB4 HPMB and prone to be affected by flood Mott Macdonald. The disposal site was not located in inundated area as well as the discharge. There will be measure to area prone to flood discharge. Waste pit has the size as follows: 5m width x 20m treat wastewater leaked from the site. length x 5m height, its bottom was lined with a thick nylon layer. Waste was The bottom of the pits must be water- transported to the site weekly from worker camps. After being put into the pit waste proof. After waste was dump into the was covered by soil to avoid bad odor and insect concentration.
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 122 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Mitigation measures specified in No. Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors Degree of compliance the EMP pits, it must be covered by a 10cm-soil layer to minimize bad odor and insect concentration.
Figure 34: Waste pits in disposal site 1 Since the 8th environmental monitoring, waste generated by workers in camps such 1 as camp 45, left abutment camp and camp near carpenter shop was gathered in small dug pits with the volume between 6 – 9m3, and then was transported to disposal site 1 periodically. The pits were not hygienic because their bottom had no nylon materials and waste in the pits was not covered by soil that caused bad odor and insect concentration. Average 4.1 Assessment of the degree of compliance with the measures for solid waste management and treatment: high-degree compliance
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 123 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
6.3.2. Assessment of effectiveness of implementation of solid waste management and treatment measures and improvement of compliance of contractors According to the interview with the representatives of contractor SinoHydro, the number of workers varied depending on requirements of the construction in construction sites. A total of 1,600 workers were mobilized in peak period in 2012. The number reduced to 1,200 in 2013 and to 178 up to November 2014 when the project infrastructure has been completed. Substantially, contractors complied with the measures for collection and treatment of worker’s waste and construction waste. Solid waste generated in construction sites were partially minimized and waste was buried in disposal site 1. However, non-compliance issues mainly arisen from poor awareness of workers of keeping environmental hygiene. Waste containers and cleaners were provided in construction sites; however, littering was still happened constantly due to poor awareness of workers. The EMC and consultant PECC4 was reminded contractors of this event; however, it was not significantly improved. Up to the final environmental monitoring (November 2014), littering around camps and construction sites still occurred.
Camp 45 (November 2014) Temporary camp (November 2014) Figure 35: Littering in worker camps After several reminders, in the 17th environmental monitoring, waste gathered in the pit in camp 45 was covered by soil instead of being uncovered as in previous monitoring visits.
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 124 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Waste pit in the 12th environmental Waste pit in the 17th environmental monitoring monitoring Figure 36: Waste pit in camp 45 in different monitoring visits
At the 17th environmental monitoring time (November 2014), as the number of workers was significantly decreased so worker’s waste was treated on the scene. Worker’s waste was gathered in waste pits or containers then burned to reduce its volume. 6.4. Implementation of hazardous waste management and treatment measures
6.4.1. Mitigation measures specified in the EMP and compliance of contractors
EMC’s assessment of the degree of compliance with management and treatment measures for hazardous waste is presented specifically in Table 44.
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 125 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 44: Implementation of hazardous waste management and treatment measures
Mitigation measures specified in the Degree of No. Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors EMP compliance 1 The SB4 HPMB or construction Hazardous wastes generated in construction sites were mostly lubricant generated 5 contractors will contract with a company from oil change for vehicles and machines and oily rags. Contractor SinoHydro that has competence for collection, contracted with Viet Xanh Environmental Company Limited for transportation and transportation and treatment of treatment of hazardous wastes (Contract no. 2/5-2012-HĐ/CN signed May 1, hazardous wastes to collect waste oil as 2012). Hazardous wastes that were collected, transported and treated as per the well as other hazardous wastes in contract include: (1) waste lubricant; (2) oily rags; (3) waste batteries; the compliance with the Circular frequence of collection will depend on the requirements of construction sites. No.12/2006/TT-BTNMT dated Viet Xanh Environmental Company Limited conducted the first collection of December 26, 2006 of the Ministry of hazardous wastes in construction sites in May 2012. The amount of collected Natural Resources and Environment hazardous wastes consists of 1,500 liters of waste lubricant, 22 waste batteries and guiding the practice conditions, 15kg of cleaning cloths/oil rags. procedures for compilation of dossiers, registration and licensing of practice and hazardous waste management identification numbers; the Circular was replaced with the Circular No. 12/2011/TT-BTNMT dated April 14, 2011 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment stipulating hazardous waste management. 2 During the construction phase, in the According to the observation of the EMC in different monitoring visits, waste 1 event of oil leakage or when there is batteries were gathered; however the waste battery storage area had no roof and
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 126 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Mitigation measures specified in the Degree of No. Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors EMP compliance waste oil from machines and waste oil there was standing water in the area that caused risk of leakage of hazardous tanks, contractors have to collect them wastes into the environment. The EMC and consultant PECC4 recommended and gather in right places. These wastes contractors to store waste batteries in dry places with roof; however, contractors will be collected by the company. did not take this recommendation. The results of environmental monitoring visits indicate that oil rags were gathered in worker’s waste container and burned instead of transferred to hazardous waste treatment company.
Figure 37: Treatment of hazardous waste incompliant with regulations In some vehicle repair areas such as vehicle repair area in the left abutment, vehicle repair areas of contractor Song Da 5 and some other sub-contractors, oil was still leaked into the ground.
Figure 38: Vehicle repair area of contractor Song Da 5
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 127 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Mitigation measures specified in the Degree of No. Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors EMP compliance 3 Hazardous waste storage area and the To July 2012, contractors established lubricant storages with metal walls to 5 areas in which hazardous waste may prevent lubricant leakage. generate, especially waste lubricant must have waterproof floor and surrounded by walls to prevent lubricant from infiltrating into the soil.
Figure 39: Lubricant and waste lubricant storages 4 Trenches will be established around Trenches were established around lubricant and waste lubricant storages. The 5 lubricant storage areas to collect leaked trenches were provided with lids and rags inside to absorb waste lubricant. lubricant.
Figure 40: Ending section of a trench for waste lubricant collection 5 Rainwater runoff in fuelling stations in Rainwater runoff in fuelling stations in the quarry and vehicle repair areas was 3 the quarry and vehicle repair areas will conducted into sedimentation tank before discharging into the environment. be collected for treatment to prevent However, according to the observation of EMC in different monitoring visits, from running into rivers and streams. vehicle repair area in the left abutment had no sedimentation tank. Rainwater runoff in the area was not collected in sedimentation tank.
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 128 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Mitigation measures specified in the Degree of No. Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors EMP compliance
In fuelling station in the Vehicle repair area in quarry contractor Song Da 5 Figure 41: Sedimentation tank in fuelling station in the quarry Average 3.8 Assessment of the degree of compliance with the measures for hazardous waste management and treatment: medium-degree compliance
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 129 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
6.4.2. Assessment of effectiveness of implementation of hazardous waste management and treatment measures and improvement of compliance of contractors According to the representative of the Department of Occupational Safety, Health and Environment of contractor SinoHydro, the total amount of hazardous wastes generated in the construction phase include 1,860 liters of waste lubricant, 142 waste batteries and 162 oily rags, of which: the amount of hazardous waste generated from 2010 to 2012 consist of 1,500 liters of waste lubricant, 22 kg of waste batteries and 15kg of oily rags. Contractor SinoHydro contracted with Viet Xanh Environmental Company Limited for transportation and treatment of hazardous wastes. The first collection of hazardous wastes in construction sites was conducted in May 2012. The amount of hazardous wastes generated in 2013 includes 260 liters of waste lubricant, 120kg of oily rags and 110 waste batteries. Since 2014 to date, the amount of construction workers and transportation was decreased so the amount of hazardous wastes in the period was also decreased to 100 liters of waste lubricant, 27kg of oily rags and 10 waste batteries. In 2013 and 2014, contractor SinoHydro used a part of waste lubricant for formwork painting. Oily rags were burned and other hazardous wastes were not transported for treatment. Up to the 17th environmental monitoring (November 2014), the amount of hazardous wastes remained in storage include 15 liters of waste lubricant, 7 kg of oily rags and broken light bulbs. SinoHydro contracted with Ho Chi Minh City Urban Environment Company Limited – the Branch in Central region for waste transportation and treatment of the amount of hazardous wastes in late December 2014. In general, the compliance with collection and storage of hazardous wastes in construction sites by contractors has been improved, particularly: (i) in the 6th and the 7th environmental monitoring visits, lubricant tanks in vehicle repair and maintenance areas were placed in storage that met the environmental requirement. Storages were established in 2012 thanks to the recommendation of the SB4 HPMB and the EMC; (ii) SinoHydro established a new vehicle repair area with roof, concrete floor and drainage in the quarry in March 2013; (iii) Waste lubricant storage area in the quarry was also established and put into operation in August 2013.
6.5. Implementation of mitigation measures for erosion and landslides 6.5.1. Mitigation measures specified in the EMP and compliance of contractors
EMC’s assessment of the degree of compliance with mitigation measures for erosion and landslides is presented specifically in Table 45.
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 130 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 45: Implementation of mitigation measures for erosion and landslides
No. Mitigation measures specified in the EMP Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors Degree of compliance
1 Land use status in the project area will be Locations of material and equipment storage areas, waste disposal sites, and 5 taken into account in the event of selection of access roads were selected based on the mutual consent of relevant agencies of locations of material and equipment storage Nam Giang District, Ta Bhing (Ta Poo) CPC. areas, waste disposal sites, construction sites and access roads. High coverage areas and significant changed terrain will be avoided. 2 Locations of waste disposal sites will be Waste disposal sites were located near the dam site and energy alignments to 5 selected to facilitate construction activities, to facilitate construction activities. Leveling soil was salvaged to make roof and be located far from water sources to minimize walls surrounding the sites. Around the sites, contractors established retaining the risk of water pollution and to salvage walls to prevent landslides (Figure 31). leveling soil. The slope of the sites will be varied depending on material of wastes. The sites will be sounding be retaining walls and grass will be planted on their surface. 3 After leveling, surface soil must be Along access roads, contractors built retaining walls, planted grass on steep 5 compacted and slopes must be greened. slopes and established drainage that was regularly dredged by contractor Retaining walls will be built along newly workers. opened roads. Grass will be grown in steep slopes and drainage will be established along the roads.
Figure 42: Retaining wall in landslide-prone area and drainage along access
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 131 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
No. Mitigation measures specified in the EMP Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors Degree of compliance
road 4 Warning of and overcoming landslides In landslide-prone areas adjacent to construction sites, contractor SinoHydro 3 placed warning signs to prevent people to access the dangerous areas. Some landslides were settled according to the design approved by the Sb4 HPMB, especially landslides near the small crushing plant.
Landslide was being Warning sign of landslide repaired Figure 43: Mitigation measures for landslides However, some erosions and landslides appeared in construction sites and were mentioned in several monitoring visits, particularly landslide in Bridge Km 8+909.61 and landslides along Pa Pang road; however, the landslides were slowly repaired. Average 4.5 Assessment of the degree of compliance with the mitigation measures for erosion and landslide: high-degree compliance
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 132 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
6.5.2. Assessment of effectiveness of implementation of mitigation measures for erosion and landslides and improvement of compliance of contractors During the construction phase, although some landslides were slowly overcome, contractors complied with the mitigation measured specified in the EMP. Up to the final environmental monitoring (November 2014), contractors handled with remaining landslides by using gabions, repairing access roads and establishing retaining walls in landslide-prone areas.
November 2014 (the 17th environmental monitoring)
December 2014 (picture of consultant PECC4) Figure 44: Repair of landslides
6.6. Implementation of mitigation measures for fire and explosion hazards 6.6.1. Mitigation measures specified in the EMP and compliance of contractors
EMC’s assessment of the degree of compliance with mitigation measures for fire and explosion hazards is given specifically in Table 46.
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 133 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 46: Implementation of mitigation measures for fire and explosion hazards
Mitigation measures specified in the No. Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors Degree of compliance EMP Measures for blasting management 1 Th e amount of explosive used in each Blasting in the quarry was seriously implemented with the allowable amount of 5 blasting time is not allowed to exceed the explosive. allowable limit; 2 Blasting time will be announced through Warning signs were placed in blasting area to prevent unauthorized persons from 5 radiobroadcasting, television, sign boards trespassing the area. to all local people and workers in the project area.
Figure 45: Warning signs were placed in blasting areas 3 Blasting time will be chosen by common Blasting was conducted in the daytime only and was not carried out in the rest 5 consent and blasting will not be time of local people. The quarry was located far from residential areas and natural conducted in the rest time of local people. areas so there was no impact of blasting on wild animal species. Impacts of blasting on local residential areas and wild animal species must be avoided. 4 Safety radius is from more than 500m far Safety radius was from more than 500m far from blasting center; 5 from blasting center;
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 134 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Mitigation measures specified in the No. Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors Degree of compliance EMP 5 At blasting time, all workers in At blasting time, all workers in construction sites moved to safe area. 30 minutes 5 construction sites will have a break, after the blasting happened, construction activities were allowed to be continued. except the workers who set off explosive.
Measures for fire and explosion prevention:
6 Since the construction time is long and Storages of petrol, lubricant and waste lubricant were located around the 5 the amount of construction materials is construction sites. large, contractors need to arrange and establish material storages in safe locations. 7 Material storages will be strictly guarded Petrol and lubricant storages were built solidly with surrounding fences, entrance 5 to prevent from being stolen. gates and guards. Explosive storage was controlled strictly and guarded frequently. 8 Material storages, especially lubricant “No smoking” and “No fire” signs were installed in petrol and lubricant storages. 5 storage must be provided with firefighting In addition, fire extinguishers were also equipped for the areas. equipment such as fire extinguisher and water.
Figure 46: “No smoking” and “No fire” signs in a petrol storage area 9 Lubricant leakage must be minimized and In the 12th environmental monitoring, the EMC found that Oxygen containers and 1 there will be prompt response to any gas containers in vehicle repair area near the quarry were placed outdoor without
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 135 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Mitigation measures specified in the No. Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors Degree of compliance EMP emergency cases happened during any protection and warning. Waste was burned near the waste lubricant storage construction process. area in the left abutment while this area was at high risk of fire and explosion. 10 Principles and regulations on fire and Fire and explosion-susceptible areas were equipped with warning or prohibition 5 explosion prevention will be released and signs. disclosed to all construction workers. Average 4.6 Assessment of the degree of compliance with the mitigation measures for fire and explosion hazards: high-degree compliance
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 136 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
6.6.2. Assessment of effectiveness of implementation of mitigation measures for fire and explosion hazards and improvement of compliance of contractors Violations of the regulations on fire and explosion prevention were only recorded in the 12th and the 13th environmental monitoring visits. Contractors applied measures to mitigate violation cases. To the 17th environmental monitoring, fire and explosion-prone areas that were built as the requirement of the construction phase such as explosive storage, petrol and lubricant storages, waste lubricant storage and vehicle repair area were mostly dismantled and returned to their original state. In construction sites, there were only two storage areas of lubricant and waste lubricant in main camp and auxiliary camp in the quarry; however, the amount of lubricant in the areas was minor and lubricant was contained in tanks. Firefighting equipment and warning signs were still remained in the areas.
6.7. Implementation of measures for the health and occupational safety of workers 6.7.1. Measures specified in the EMP and compliance of contractors
EMC’s assessment of the degree of compliance with measures for occupational safety and the health and of workers is given specifically in Table 47.
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 137 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 47: Implementation of measures for worker’s health and occupational safety
Mitigation measures specified in the Degree of No. Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors EMP compliance Measures for occupational safety 1 Occupational safety board will be The Department of Occupational Safety, Health and Environment of contractor 5 established in construction sites. The board SinoHydro is the unit that was responsible for occupational safe in construction consists of the head and members (staffs of sites and performed the functions of management and monitoring as well as contractors). Each member will be provided personal protective equipment and warning signs for the whole responsible for all occupational safety- construction sites. related issues in one working shift. 2 Set up and release regulations on working The Department of Occupational Safety, Health and Environment of contractor 5 in construction sites, including regulations SinoHydro set up and released regulations on working in construction sites, on entering and leaving the construction including regulations on entering and leaving the construction sites, personal sites, personal protective equipment, using protective equipment, using of traffic safety and fire and explosion protection of traffic safety and fire and explosion equipment, etc. The regulations were disseminated to construction workers protection equipment, etc. through regulation training classes and examinations and written on a big board in construction site.
Figure 47: Illustrations of regulations on occupational safety in the powerhouse
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 138 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Mitigation measures specified in the Degree of No. Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors EMP compliance 3 Propagate and disclose the regulations to Contractor SinoHydro conducted first aid training for workers in construction sites 5 every construction workers by several to improve their awareness as well as perform first aid in the event of occupational different forms: leaflet, writing on boards, accident effectively. canteen, camps, trainings and examinations, loudspeaker, etc. Regulations on occupational safety will be disclosed directly to workers in construction sites.
Figure 48: First aid training for workers (June 2012) 4 Ensure occupational safety, prepare The Department of Occupational Safety, Health and Environment of contractor 5 manpower and means to detect and SinoHydro ensured to have sufficient respond to occupational accident timely, Equipment, manpower and plant to respond to emergency cases. overcoming the consequences of the accident find the causes of accident and prevent similar accidents from happening in the future. 5 Every contractor has occupational safety Every contractor had occupational safety plan and safety officers. 5 plan and safety officers. Dangerous areas will be determined. 6 Provide sufficient personal protective Personal protective equipment including protective clothing, hard hat, mask, 3 equipment and warning signs gloves and boots was provided for workers. In addition, workers working at height were provided with protective belt. Warning signs were installed in several positions. However, through monitoring visits, EMC recorded some cases that
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 139 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Mitigation measures specified in the Degree of No. Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors EMP compliance workers did not wear personal protective equipment. These cases were ocurred mainly due to the poor awareness of workers. 7 Implement measures for fire prevention Firefighting equipment was sufficiently prepared in the areas with high risks of fire 4 and fighting in dangerous areas such as and explosion. However, EMC recorded some cases that workers smoked near the power stations and explosive storages areas with high risk of fire and explosion.
Measures for traffic safety 8 Prepare and develop a plan for proper Mobilization of vehicles in construction sites was varied depending on the progress 4 mobilization of vehicles in construction of construction activities; however, safety was maintained. sites 9 Install suitable warning signs in populated Warning signs and propaganda boards were maintained in construction sites. 5 residential areas Convex mirrors were installed along transporting routes. 10 Perform periodic inspections of technical Mandatory regulations on traffic safety were disclosed in worker camps. Speed of 5 safety characters of transporting vehicles; transporting vehicles operated on access roads and routes nearby the project area improve the awareness of drivers of was limited. regulations on traffic safety. Transporting vehicles were maintained and repaired periodically.
Health care for workers 11 Provide safe and clean drinking water for Workers in camps were provided with safe and clean drinking water which was 5 construction sites. There are 2 options: mainly portable water bought and transported from Da Nang City to the site. option 1 is using water from streams in the Water collected from streams was use for food cleaning, bathing and washing after construction sites. Option 2 is using being treated by sedimentation tank. underground water that has been using for domestic purposes.
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 140 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Mitigation measures specified in the Degree of No. Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors EMP compliance 12 Arrange medicine cabinet in worker camp Main contractor SinoHydro maintained at least one medical staff on site to care for 5 and assign heathcare workers to work on worker’s health and give first aid in case of occupational accident. Medicine site. cabinets were arranged in all camps.
13 Conduct periodic mosquito repellent Safety Department of the main contractor conducted periodic mosquito repellent 3 spraying to prevent malaria; Dredge spraying in worker camps. drainage/sewers regularly to avoid Dredging was not implemented regularly. EMC recorded that there was stagnant stagnany of wastewater in camps and waste water in drainage/sewer. construction sites Average 4.5
Assessment of the degree of compliance with the mitigation measures for occupational safety and health care for workers: high-degree compliance
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 141 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
6.7.2. Assessment of effectiveness of implementation of measures for the health and occupational safety of workers and improvement of compliance of contractors To ensure occupational safety, all workers and officers working in the sites were provided with the knowledge about adverse effects of occupational accidents and measures for occupational accident prevention. Additionally, they were also equipped with essential personal protective equipment. However, due to poor awareness of some construction workers, violations of regulations on occupational safety still occurred. In some environmental monitoring visits, the EMC recorded several violation cases, for which workers did not wear personal protective equipment, such as: (i) In the 12th monitoring, some workers in the steel processing shop did not use gloves and hard hat; a welder in the powerhouse did not wear goggles; (iii) In the 16th monitoring, a worker using metal cutter in the equipment assembly in the powerhouse did not wear gloves, goggles and masks, etc. These workers may be injured and their health may be affected during the working process.
Workers with insufficient personal protective equipment or without personal protective equipment (July 2013)
Welders complied with the requirement on Worker working at height complied with the wearing personal protective equipment (goggles, requirement on wearing personal protective mask, gloves, hard hat) equipment (clothing, hard hat, boots, protective (March 2014) belt) (December 2014) Figure 49: Using personal protective equipment by workers
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 142 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Management of occupational safety encountered many difficulties since the number of sub-contractors and the number of workers was quite large while worker’s awareness of occupational safety was poor. As a result, there were some occupational accidents happened in 2012. In the first six months of 2012, there was one serious accident occurred in construction site. A truck was flipped in the construction site of inundation-proof bridge. The accident killed 6 people. According to contractor SinoHydro, the accident caused by a Vietnamese contractor not Chinese one. In the third quarter of 2012, one Chinese worker was injured by a falling plank. Since then, there was no more serious occupational or traffic accident happened in the construction sites. 6.8. Cleaning of reservoir bed and dismantlement of worker camps, auxiliary facilities prior to the project completion 6.8.1. Cleaning of reservoir bed Assessment on the degree of compliance for cleaning of reservoir bed is given in Table 48.
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 143 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 48: Implementation of the reservoir bed cleaning
Degree of No. Mitigation measures specified in the EMP Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors compliance 1 Measures for cleaning of the reservoir bed must be The cleaning of the reservoir bed was conducted in mid-2014. The SB4 HPMB 5 implemented and finished before water retaining is submitted the completion report to Vietnam Environment Administration and conducted to ensure hygiene for the reservoir and request for conducting checking and taking over. After being checked and get economic benefits. accepted, water retaining was allowed to carry out (August 2014). 2 Cleaning of the reservoir bed must be carried out in The cleaning of the reservoir bed was conducted in Q1/2014 that was dry season. 5 dry season for easy collection and reuse of cleared vegetation. 3 During the process of clearance of vegetation in the Timber salvage harvesting was implemented after the Decision on acquisition of 5 reservoir bed, it must be noted that: land converting use purpose into forest land and forest land of competent - Before being inundated, the products of authorities was issued and before water retaining. In addition, mineral economic-value produced must be all collected and exploitation was also conducted. gathered - Area and location of forest to be cleared must be Before clearance, the forest areas to be cleared were marked obviously. Clearance 5 determined exactly. Clearance must be implemented plan was implemented by area. area by area. - Establish regulations on and monitoring of plant The process of salvage logging is very strict. In each logging batch, exploitation 4 species that will be cleared ( size, category, volume, agency informed Nam Giang District authorities (through the Departments of etc.) to facilitate the clearance and Finance, Agriculture and Rural Development and Forest Protection Office) to collection/gathering; check the quantity of logged wood. Then the Forest Protection Office came to the site to check the volume of logged wood and then asked Quang Nam Forest Protection Department for hammer stamping. Exploitation agency made contribution to State budget, and paid other fees according to the volume of check
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 144 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Degree of No. Mitigation measures specified in the EMP Implementation of mitigation measures by contractors compliance and taken over- wood. However, due to the large area of forest timber salvage harvesting; especially illegal logging was not managed well.
Figure 50: Salvage logging in reservoir bed area - Clearance of breeding facilities by dismantlement Implemented before water retaining 5 , and filled in by clean soil before water retaining; - Affected graves must be relocated to appropriate Relocation of graves was finished in 2013 before the clearance in the reservoir 5 places; bed was conducted. - Bomb and landmine detection and processing; Bomb and landmine detection and processing was carried out in previous stages. 5 Average 4.8
Assessment of the degree of compliance with measures for clearance in the reservoir bed: high-degree compliance
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 145 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
6.8.2. Dismantlement of worker camps and auxiliary facilities For the camps that have been no longer used, contractors dismantled and returned to their original state to avoid affecting the landscape and the environment in these areas. By the time of the final environmental monitoring during the construction phase (December 2014), the dismantlement in some camps was completed such as camp in the surge tank area, camp 13, a part of the camp in the left abutment area. The areas were cleaned and covered with surface soil and ready for planting. RCC concrete mixing plant and small concrete mixing plant near sub-tunnel 1 were being dismantled and cleaned. The main camp of contractor SinoHydro and the quarry areas is expected to maintain and transfer to Ta Poo CPC to use for other purposes.
Camp in the surge tank area was dismantled Camp in the left abutment area was partially in the 15th monitoring (April 2014) dismantled (November 2014)
Small concrete mixing plant was being RCC concrete mixing plant was being dismantled (November 2014) dismantled (November 2014)
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 146 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Planting tree on the areas that were returned to their original state (March 2015) Figure 51: Site restoration in camps and auxiliary works According SB4 HPMB, tree planting on restored waste disposal sites was carried out in Q1/2015. Young trees were taken cared of by the plant operation unit. However, tree planting areas are far from operation management office while pasturing of some local households still happens in these areas resulting in damage to the young trees. To ensure the good development of the trees and achieve the goal of greening waste disposal sites, EMC recommends that: (i) Tree planting areas must be protected by fencing to avoid damage by external factors; (ii) taking care and management must be regularly carried out; (iii) timely replacing trees died or damaged by external factors with new ones.
Results of the monitoring of contractors’ compliance with implementation of environmental protection measure 147 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
VII. PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING IN THE OPERATION PHASE Th e next environmental monitoring visits in the operation phase will be considered by the SB4 HPMB in compliance with the approved EMP. The plan for environmental monitoring visits in the operation phase is given in Table 49:
Plan for Environmental Monitoring in the Operation Phase 148 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Table 49: Plan for environmental monitoring visits in the operation phase in compliance with the approved EMP Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring position Monitoring parameter content frequency responsibility Monitoring positions: 1. Bung River – section in upstream of the reservoir (NM1) 2. In the reservoir (NM2) 3. Bung River – section in downstream of the dam (NM3) Project Operation Unit t 0, pH, SS, turbidity, DO, 4. Bung River – section in downstream of the Every six months in cooperation with BOD5, COD, total phosphorus, Surface water powerhouse (NM4) (once in the dry Quang Nam Department chlorophyll-a, PO4-P, total quality 5. Bung River – the junction with A Vuong season and once in of Natural Resources nitrogen, NO3, NH4, Coliform, River (NM5) the rainy season) and Environment and lubricant 6. Vu Gia River - section in Hoi Khach EMC (NM6) 7. Vu Gia River - section in Ai Nghia (NM7) Comparison criteria: QCVN 08:2008/B TNMT – National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality Air quality, Monitoring positions: Microclimate (wind direction Project Operation Unit noise and 1. Working area (KK1) and speed), noise (Lmax), Every six months in cooperation with
vibration 2. Access road (Near the main dam) (KK2) vibration frequence, NO2, SO2, Quang Nam Department
Plan for Environmental Monitoring in the Operation Phase 149 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring position Monitoring parameter content frequency responsibility 3. Access road ( near the powerhouse) (KK3) dust of Natural Resources Comparison criteria: QCVN and Environment and 05:2013/BTNMT – National Technical EMC Regulation on Ambient Air Quality and the Decision No. 3733/2002/QĐ-BYT dated October 10, 2002 of the Ministry of Health promulgating 21 labor hygiene standards, 05 principles and labor hygiene measurements. Monitoring positions: 1. Reservoir (KNK1) Project Operation Unit 2. Bung River - section in downstream of the Every three months CO2, CH4 in cooperation with dam (KNK2) (Once in January, Greenhouse (Parameter CH4 will be Quang Nam Department 3. Bung River – section in downstream of the once in April, once gases measured when technical of Natural Resources powerhouse (KNK3) in July and once in conditions are available) and Environment and Comparison criteria: QCVN October) EMC 05:2013/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality Monitoring positions: pH, SS, turbidity, DO, Ca, Mg, Project Operation Unit
Wastewater 1. Working area (NT1) BOD5, COD, total phosphorus, Every six months in cooperation with
2. Powerhouse (NT2) PO4-P, total nitrogen, NO3, Quang Nam Department
Plan for Environmental Monitoring in the Operation Phase 150 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring position Monitoring parameter content frequency responsibility
3. Working area (NT3) NH 4, Coliform, lubricant of Natural Resources Comparison criteria: QCVN and Environment 14:2008/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on Waste Water Quality To ensure that all solid wastes Project Operation Unit Monitoring positions: will be collected in accordance in cooperation with 1. Working area (CTR1) with Vietnam standards. Solid waste Every six months Quang Nam Department 2. Powerhouse (CTR2) Monitoring parameters include of Natural Resources 3. Working area (CTR3) composition, quantity and and Environment processing measures - Powerhouse, warehouses, lubricant storage, access road to power generating area, traffic Project Operation Unit - Soil erosion, landslide routes in cooperation with - Silt deposits in river bed Soil erosion - Reservoir Every six months Quang Nam Department - Accumulation in reservoir - Bung River- section along downstream of of Natural Resources bed the dam and in upstream of Bung River from and Environment the dam to A Vuong River The concentration of mercury in fish, fisher Project Operation Unit In reservoir and downstream of Aquatic life productivity and fish species composition. Monthly in cooperation with the dam Species composition of algae in the reservoir. Quang Nam Department
Plan for Environmental Monitoring in the Operation Phase 151 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring position Monitoring parameter content frequency responsibility of Natural Resources and Environment and EMC Illegal activities (illegal Project Operation Unit Conducted Project area, restored areas in Song Thanh logging, hunting and gold in cooperation with frequently by Nature Reserve and the areas in community mining) and other specific Quang Nam Department Fauna and Flora forest protection forestry programs. areas. Monitoring of the of Natural Resources agencies implementation of coercive and Environment and
measures and sanctions. EMC Project Operation Unit River tributaries in cooperation with in which the Downstream of discharging point of Quang Nam Department water flow was Water flow Continuous compensation flow of Natural Resources decreased and Environment and
EMC
Measurement of environment baseline status should be conducted in the first monitoring in the operation phase with the monitoring positions and parameters presented in Table 49.
Plan for Environmental Monitoring in the Operation Phase 152 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusions Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project was commenced in the second quarter of 2010 and completed in the first quarter of 2015. Together with the project construction, monitoring and assessment of environmental quality was also implemented. The monitoring and assessment activities consist of one monitoring visit in the pre-construction phase ( site clearance and preparation for construction activities) and 16 monitoring visits in the construction phase with the frequence of every three months. In the environmental monitoring visits, the EMC recorded some issues as follows:
Assessment of quality of the environment in the project area: Quality of air: Air quality was assessed through monitoring parameters including CO,
SO2, NOx, dust and noise in 3 positions in the project area. During the construction process, there was no sign of air pollution in the project area. Dust and noise were the main factors concerning quality of the air in the project area. Content of dust and intensity of noise measured in some monitoring visits were higher than that of the allowable limits from 1.0 – 7.3 times. In general, though the mitigation measures applied by contractors were not strictly, noise level and dust content in construction sites were not high. Noise and dust emissions were local and only generated in the construction phase.
Surface water quality: Surface water quality was assessed by monitoring parameters + - consisting of temperature, pH, DO, turbidity, TSS, BOD5, COD, NH4 - N, NO3 - N, 3- PO4 - P, total Nitrogen, total Phosphorus, total lubricant and Coliforms. The results of environmental monitoring visits show that significant problems for surface water quality in the construction phase is total suspended solids, particularly the concentration of TSS was 1.13 – 61.6 times higher than that of the allowable limits. This problem was partially resulted from unmeaningfully implementation of mitigation measures for erosion and landslides. Moreover, illegal exploitations and constructions of other projects in the upstream area are also the reasons for this problem. Domestic water quality: Domestic water quality was evaluated by parameters pH, + turbidity, color, odor, NH4 - N, Coliforms and Ecoli. Parameters of Coliforms and turbidity in domestic water through different monitoring visits were not qualified. Domestic water quality that was improved through the monitoring visits shows that contractors overcome this problem. Underground water quality: Underground water quality was assessed through parameters - + - 3- 2- pH, turbidity, Cl , hardness, TDS, TSS, COD, NH4 - N, NO2 - N, PO4 - P, Fe, SO4 and Coliforms. Underground water quality was not significantly changed through different
Conclusions and Recommendations 153 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
monitoring positions and monitoring visit. Most of value of monitoring parameters for underground water quality was lower that of the allowable limits of the QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT and Column II of the QCVN 02:2009/BYT. Level of turbidity and concentration of COD in some underground water samples taken in some monitoring visits were higher than that of the allowable limits. In general, quality of underground water in the project area was qualified for domestic purposes. Wastewater quality: Wastewater quality was evaluated through parameters of pH, TSS, + - 3- BOD5, NH4 - N, NO3 - N, PO4 - P, total lubricant and Coliforms. In almost all of monitoring visits, wastewater from worker camps after treatment still had smell of urine + and yellow color. Some monitoring parameters including TSS, BOD5 and NH4 - N indicate that contractors did not absolutely complied with the improvement of treatment capacity of septic tank. Soil erosion and landslide: There were still some erosions and landslides in the construction sites (along access road to the powerhouse, access road to Pa Pang resettlement site and along river banks). The erosions and landslides were mentioned in different monitoring visits. Up to the 17th monitoring visit, the events have been handled. The health and occupational safety of workers: To ensure occupational safety, knowledge on impacts of and prevention measures for occupational accidents was disclosed to all officers and workers working in the construction sites. Besides, they were all also provided with necessary personal protective equipment. Nevertheless, labor management encountered many difficulties since the number of sub-contractors and the number of workers was large and the awareness of occupational safety of workers was poor.
Assessment of compliance in the implementation of mitigation measures for environmental impacts: Contractors implemented some mitigation measures for environmental impacts in the construction phase as follows:
Mitigation measures for impacts on air quality: Maintained water sprays along transporting routes, watered materials before crushing and screening and covered feed chutes in the crushing plant; inspected and maintained vehicles and equipment frequently; asphalted transporting routes and maintained repair and collection of dropped soil and rock on the routes; no blasting or rock exploitation carried out in the daytime; arranged suitable working shift for workers.
Mitigation measures for impacts of wastewater: Construction wastewater was treated by preliminary sedimentation tank before discharging into the environment.
Conclusions and Recommendations 154 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Wastewater from worker camps was treated by septic tank; indiscriminate urination and defecation were strictly prohibited in the construction sites.
Mitigation measures for impacts of solid wastes: Wastes from worker camps were collected, classified and transported to disposal site N1; construction wastes were collected, classified and transported to disposal sites N1, N2, N3, N4; Contractors established retaining walls around the disposal sites to prevent landslides.
Mitigation measures for impacts of hazardous wastes: Contractor SinoHydro contracted with Viet Xanh Environmental Company Limited for transportation and treatment of hazardous wastes. The second transportation and treatment of hazardous waste was expected to be undertaken by Ho Chi Minh City Urban Environment Company Limited – the Branch in Central region. Contractors built storages for hazardous wastes during the construction phase. The storages had water-proof floor and were surrounded by drainage.
Mitigation measures for impacts of erosions and landslides: Installed warning signs and cleaned up the road portions at which landslides happened to avoid affecting traffic circulation; selected proper locations for waste disposal sites; established retaining walls and grew grass on slopes in some critical portions.
Complied with measures for occupational safety and mitigation measures for fire and explosion hazards
Nonetheless, there are some measures for which contractors did not complied or partially complied with. The non-compliance measures are given below:
Covering of materials during transportation and water sprayings were not meaningfully implemented; Vehicle washing station was not placed at the site entrance.
Sedimentation tanks in the crushing plant in the quarry and in concrete mixing plant were not dredged regularly leading to the decrease of settling capacity and quality of wastewater after settling. Construction wastewater was not measured and monitored.
Littering still existed in worker camps and construction sites despite the reminder of the EMC and relevant agencies. Temporary pits for burying waste before transporting to disposal site 1 were not hygienic; Construction wastes were not completely collected.
Conclusions and Recommendations 155 SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
There was no sedimentation tank in the vehicle repair area in the left abutment so storm-water runoff in the area flowed over the ground; Waste batteries were gathered; however, the gathering area was not covered and had stagnant water.
Oil leakage still occurred in vehicle repair areas. Waste was burned nearby waste lubricant storage area in the left abutment while this area was prone to fire and explosion. Recommendations During the construction site, EMC found no serious problem concerning environment. After reviewing outstanding environmental issues, the EMC proposes the following recommendations:
The main contractor needs to clean up construction wastes after completion of construction to avoid impact on the landscape and the environment in the project area as well as other construction activities.
Contractors need to commit to implement the contract for transportation and treatment of hazardous wastes.
The SB4 HPMB and relevant parties should inspect and monitor the mitigation measures for environmental impacts that were not applied by contractors to ensure the quality of the environmental prior to the start of the operation phase.
In the operation phase, periodic environmental monitoring should be carried out. Monitoring indicators and frequence need to be compliant with the monitoring schedule proposed by the SB4 HPMB and the approved EMP and EIA report. Measurement of environment baseline status should be conducted in the first monitoring in the operation phase.
Conclusions and Recommendations 156
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
APPENDICES Appendix 1: Terms of Reference TERMS OF REFERENCE UPDATING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
1. Background Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project belongs to Vu Gia – Thu Bon hydropower cascade. The Project was approved by the Minister of Industry under the Decision No. 875/QĐ-KHDT dated 2 May, 2003 and given priority for construction after A Vuong and Song Tranh 2 hydropower projects. The main objective of Song Bung 4 Hydropower project is power generation. According to National Master Plan for Power Development for the 2006 -2015 period (Institute of Energy, September 2006), Song Bung 4 Hydropower was expected to be put into operation in 2012. EMP was approved in loan process. EMP is required to be updated according to loan agreement 2429-VIE signed on October 6, 2008 between the Government and Asian Development Bank (ADB). As per Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), duly signed between a delegation of ADB and EVN, from 1 to 8 April 2009, Song Bung 4 Hydropower Management Board will submit a plan for EMP updating to ADB on April 24, 2009 and summit updated EMP to ADB on June 15, 2009 in order to ensure compliance with the requirements envisaged in the approved EMP in terms of implemented construction components. 2. Scope and objectives of consultant services Environmental Monitoring Consultant (herein after “EMC”) will update EMP and conduct environmental monitoring. EMC has responsibility for its works and is managed by Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project Management Board. EMP updating and environmental monitoring will be implemented during the pre- construction phase and construction phase. The activities will last from June 2009 to December 2013 (a half year of preparation and 04 years of construction) EMC has responsibility to monitor the implementation of Environment Management Plan, monitor environmental quality and implementation of mitigation measures for environmental impacts during the construction phase in accordance with the EMP approved by ADB and requirements of Law on Environmental Protection, Articles 34 and 35 of the Decree No. 16CP of the Government and ADB’s environment policy. The objective of EMP updating and environmental monitoring is to provide assessments based on objectives of the EMP implementation as well as approved mitigation measures for environmental impacts. 3. Main task of consultant services Update EMP in the Environmental Impact Assessment based on adjusted design of the Project
Appendices 157
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Monitor the implementation of mitigation measures for social and environmental impacts by contractors in compliance with EIA report approved by ADB, MONRE and Quang Nam PPC. Conduct periodic monitoring of quality of surface water and underground water and hydrological regime of environmental monitoring system in the project area. Monitor changes in forests, terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem. Conduct public consultation on local participation in environmental activities and solving relevant issues – Assess participation of local authorities in solving environmental issues (dust, noise, degradation of roads by construction materials transportation, dredging drainage, site clearance, etc.). Determine arisen environmental issues and record affected households’ opinions/comments on environment. Record “reactions” of local competent authorities to local people’s opinions/comments on environmental issues. Detailed tasks: 3.1. Updating EMP EIA for the project was prepared and approved by MORNE and passed by ADB. However, due to long time for preparation, the project design was adjusted. As a result, updating environmental impacts and mitigation measures in consistence with the adjusted design is required. In the pre-construction phase, general environmental impacts for all projects consist of acquisition of a large area of forest land for construction, risk of impacts on adjacent forests as a result of logging, change in landscape due to leveling, waste generation, loss of wildlife habitat, soil erosion and loss of fertilized soil layer, noise and dust due to construction plant movements. A large area of terraced land will be acquired for construction of access roads that narrowed agricultural land area in the local. Especially, a large number of households will have to relocate as a result of the project implementation that may cause social disorders and job change. Main impacts arising in the construction phase include noise and air pollution, increase in traffic flow affecting local traffic, lubricant leakage and spoil soil and rock run-off that make increase of risk of water pollution and sediment affecting aquatic species; blasting that causes impacts on wildlife and increases risk of safety loss; and concentration of a larger number of workers on site that may cause social impacts and put more pressure on local healthcare. Impoundment and retaining water in the reservoir will make change in natural flow that will affect hydrological regime of Bung river and downstream areas (Cai River and Vu River), especially the section behind the dam. Aquatic ecosystem will be changed from river into reservoir. Water retaining will narrow the area of forest land in Zuoih and Ta Bhing Commune. Terrestrial animals will lose their habitat. In addition, establishment of the reservoir may totally prevent animals from moving between two sides of Bung River. In the operation phase, the project impacts include regional climate change (increase in humidity) that may make an increase in the number of pest affecting crop productivity and the health of local people. Decomposition of vegetation in the reservoir bed will cause increase in eutrophication of water and decrease its quality. Changes in water level of reservoir will inundate a part of agricultural land near the downstream area and cause erosion for river banks. Since the flow from dam to discharge gate changes, aquatic ecosystem in this section of river also changes, especially decrease in the number of species when new ecosystem is
Appendices 158
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report formed. Activities in the plant area will cause some impacts such as waste generated by workers, lubricant leakage and risk of fire and explosion, etc. EMP updating: - Study documents relating to the project, update adjustments in the project design - Discussing with the design consultant and the SB4 HPMB about changes in the project design pertaining to environmental impacts such as disposal sites, materials sources, transportation, etc. - Conduct field survey; make a comparison between the previous design and the adjusted design. - Updating and completing EMP according to the additional adjusted design. 3.2. Monitoring of the implementation of mitigation measures for social and environmental impacts by the contractors. a. EMC will conduct periodic monitoring of compliance with the environmental management requirements specified in bidding documents and Environmental management plan of construction contractors. - Ensure resettlement and compensation for affected land is implemented in compliance with the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). - Ensure that landmine detection is implemented before the construction phase - Implement environmental management in worker camps: meet minimum requirements for worker camps (clean water, hygienic toilets, preventing the surroundings from being polluted, hygienic waste collection, etc.) - Review plan, check safety equipment and occupational safety training implemented by contractors, specifically: + Emergency preparedness and response program to respond to emergencies, accidents and incidents, including health incidents and environmental incidents relating to hazardous materials spills or other similar incidents will be prepared and summited to EMC and SB4 HPMB for approval + Safety equipment include: fire extinguisher, first aid kit, personal protective equipment + Safety training: safety training will be provided for all workers, managers and supervisors. The contractors will be responsible for conducting the training courses. + Safety examination: The contractors will conduct regular inspection and maintain all safety equipment, scaffolding, fence, elevator, rope ladder and means of access, lifting, lighting, signal and protective equipment. Equipment that was broken, dirty or does not work will be repaired or adjusted timely. - Minimize social evils due to the concentration of workers in construction sites; - Mitigate impacts arising from construction activities on local people (mitigation of dust emission, noise, water pollution). - Minimize impacts on production because of disruption in water supply for canal lining;
Appendices 159
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
- Create temporary jobs for local people through employment of local workers for some appropriate activities of the project by construction contractors - Avoid encroaching upon historical and cultural relics that are recognized by competent agencies; b. EMC will prepare reports detailing the implementation of the EMP in accordance with the approved bidding documents; including compliance monitoring reports in the form agreed by the SB4 HPMB and environmental monitoring reports presenting environmental parameters specified in the TOR. c. EMC will provide guidance on the environmental parameters to be monitored for environment officers of the SB4 HPMB and the contractors. d. EMC will conduct periodic or unexpected monitoring if necessary during the construction of the contractors and provide monitoring results in monthly, quarterly, annually reports on progress of mitigation measure implementation as per the contractor. 3.3. Periodic monitoring of surface water and underground water quality and hydrologic regime in the project area - Develop a plan for surface water and underground water quality monitoring to submit the SB4 HPMB for approval - EMC will closely coordinate with the SB4 HPMB, propose a detailed monitoring plan and implement the monitoring of quality of surface water and underground water in the project area. This plan will be based on monitoring parameters to determine monitoring locations, sampling method and frequence (based on the EMP attached in EIA report). Sampling positions will include at least the positions in upstream of the reservoir and Bung river downstream. All monitoring positions will be shown in a map of monitoring locations. - A baseline data set is required to be prepared via measurement of environmental parameters prior to construction. Regarding the sites where construction activities have already occurred, the data may be collected from secondary reliable sources such as EIA report or local Department of Natural Resources and Environment. a. Monitoring of surface water quality Source of water pollution is mainly suspended solid generated from construction activities (excavation, soil and rock transportation). Therefore, the environmental parameters listed below are to assess water quality in different periods (rainy season, dry season and pre- construction phase, construction phase and operation phase). According to Surface water quality standard (TCVN-5942-1995) a total of 9 environmental parameters are required to be evaluated: pH; COD (chemical oxygen demand) ; Total suspended solid; total nitrogen ; NH4- , total phosphorus ; Total grease; DO ( Dissolved Oxygen ); and Total Coliform. Since the sampling and bring samples to the laboratory for analysis cost much and the analysis may have error because of long shipping time. The above parameters may be measured by quick meters on site. The parameters that cannot be measured in the field will be sampled and the samples will be taken to the laboratory for analysis. b. Monitoring of underground water quality Underground water quality is satisfied the national regulation on water quality except for bacterial pollution (Coliform). However, several parameters for underground water
Appendices 160
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report monitoring including Coliform, turbidity, color and iron are higher than the allowable limits of the National regulation on water quality of the Ministry of Health. Based on the above baseline conditions of the Project, underground water will be taken form dug wells and drilled wells in sample locations to check the quality of underground water from different layers. Parameters required to be measured for the Project consist of pH; Salinity); turbidity; DO; NO3-; Fecal Coliform; Iron and manganese; hardness (CaCO3). 3.4. Monitoring of sediment and change in flow Monitoring of the volume of silt, suspended sediment, flow speed and aquatic ecosystem (fish and a number of aquatic species) in Vu Gia – Thu Bon river basin Since the monitoring will be implemented in a short-time in the construction phase, the monitoring will be updated based on professional knowledge of experts in this field to assess sedimentation capacity on a basis of change in a number of key parameters during the project implementation such as change in direction and speed of flow, increase of turbidity and sediment which may cause impact of a number of aquatic species. 3.5. Monitoring of forest change Deforestation due to the project implementation will affect the natural forests in the area. The proposed mitigation measure for deforestation is the tight control of deforestation. Only the forest area that is really necessary for the project will be cleared. Besides a reforestation plan for the areas which forest land is temporarily acquired for the construction is required to be carried out as soon as the construction is completed. - Monitoring of impacts of deforestation on wildlife: The establishment of the reservoir will affect 786.9 ha forest land, on which secondary forest, grass and shrub layers are major so its impacts are insignificant. However, it is required to conduct a monitoring of the impacts on wildlife. - Monitoring of forest protection: Forest plantation will be implemented in an area corresponding to the cleared area in the Northwest of Song Thanh Nature Reserve to create the continuation of forest. This area will combine with Song Thanh Nature Reserve to form a bigger corridor with important protected forest in the Northern region. Monitoring of replacement afforestation is very important to mitigate environmental impacts as a result of the project implementation. - The reports on the cleared forest area in temporarily affected areas and permanently affected areas will be developed on the basis of analysis to prove the necessity and suitability of the deforestation and propose recommendations for this activity. In addition, a reforestation program will be proposed on the basis of survey and assessment through the relevant documents and field surveys. 4. Methods - Monitor, collect data in the field as detailed in the plan for EMP updating and environmental monitoring - Observe and conduct participatory interviews with local people about environmental issues, environmental impacts and mitigation measures for environmental impacts - Analyze data - Review available documents
Appendices 161
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
- Take expert advices 5. Staffing EMP updating and environmental monitoring will be carried out by a consulting team consist of the following members: - 01 Senior Environment Specialist – team leader - 02 Senior Environment Researchers - 01 Ecologist - 02 Technical staffs of environmental monitoring - 02 Environmental monitoring staffs - 01 Social and Gender Specialist 6. Report requirements Quantity of reports and copies of report to be submitted are presented in the following table. It is required to submit 3 copies of English version and 3 copies of Vietnamese version for each report. Additionally, all reports will also be submitted in the form of soft copy in a compact disk (CD). When the contract ends, the documents will be stored in a CD by order of submission and submitted to the Investor. List of reports to be submitted is shown in the table below. No. Report Quantity of report Total copies of report Submission time Vietnamese English version version 1 Inception 01 03 03 2 months after report signing the contract 2 Quarterly 18 03 03 Quarterly report 3 Annual report 05 03 03 Annual 4 Final report 01 03 03 When the Project is completed. Total 25 75 75
Appendices 162
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendix 2: Results of environmental monitoring
Appendix 2.1: Analysis results of environmental quality – the 1st environmental monitoring
Appendices 163
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendices 164
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendix 2.2: Analysis results of environmental quality – the 2nd environmental monitoring
Appendices 165
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendix 2.3: Analysis results of environmental quality – the 3rd environmental monitoring
Appendices 166
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendix 2.4: Analysis results of environmental quality – the 4th environmental monitoring
Appendices 167
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendix 2.5: Analysis results of environmental quality – the 5th environmental monitoring
Appendices 168
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendix 2.6: Analysis results of environmental quality – the 6th environmental monitoring
Appendices 169
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendix 2.7: Analysis results of environmental quality – the 7th environmental monitoring
Appendices 170
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendix 2.8: Analysis results of environmental quality – the 8th environmental monitoring
Appendices 171
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendices 172
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendix 2.9: Analysis results of environmental quality – the 9th environmental monitoring
Appendices 173
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendices 174
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendix 2.10: Analysis results of environmental quality – the 10h environmental monitoring
Appendices 175
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendices 176
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendix 2.11: Analysis results of environmental quality – the 11th environmental monitoring
Appendices 177
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendices 178
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendix 2.12: Analysis results of environmental quality – the 12th environmental monitoring
Appendices 179
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendices 180
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendix 2.13: Analysis results of environmental quality – the 13th environmental monitoring
Appendices 181
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendices 182
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendix 2.14: Analysis results of environmental quality – the 14th environmental monitoring
Appendices 183
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendices 184
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendix 2.15: Analysis results of environmental quality – the 15th environmental monitoring
Appendices 185
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendices 186
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendix 2.16: Analysis results of environmental quality – the 16th environmental monitoring
Appendices 187
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendices 188
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendix 2.17: Analysis results of environmental quality – the 17th environmental monitoring
Appendices 189
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendices 190
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendix 3: Pictures of Project implementation process Appendix 3.1: Development of project through stages
Prior to Project implementation (Oct 2009)
Appendices 191
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Pre-construction phase (May 2010)
First stage of construction phase (Oct 2010 – Dec 2011)
Appendices 192
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Peak construction period (Jan 2012 – Dec 2013)
Appendices 193
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Be fore completion of construction phase (Jan 2014-Aug 2014)
Preparation for operation phase (Aug 2014 – Q1/2015)
Appendices 194
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendix 3.2: Pictures of sampling and monitoring
Appendices 195
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendices 196
SONG BUNG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT
Environmental Monitoring Report
Appendices 197