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Cambios de numeración Occasional papers from the Herbarium Greuter – 4 Código Internacional de Nomenclatura para algas, hongos y plantas (Código de Shenzhen) vii Traducción al español de la versión oficial en inglés autorizada por la International Association for Plant Taxonomy Publicado por: Stiftung Herbarium Greuter (Fundación Herbario Greuter) Englerallee 24B 14195 Berlín, Alemania © Stiftung Herbarium Greuter ISBN: 978-3-9820137-4-9 eISBN: 978-3-9820137-0-1 Impresión: Texto traducido por: Werner Greuter, Herbarium Mediterraneum, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy; and Botanischer Garten & Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany ([email protected]). Rosa Rankin Rodríguez, Jardín Botánico Nacional, Universidad de La Haba- na, Cuba ([email protected]). Con la colaboración de: Luis Alberto Parra Sánchez, Avda. Padre Claret 7, 5º G, 09400 Aranda de Duero, Burgos, España ([email protected]). Juan Bautista Martínez Laborde, Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vege- tal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosis- temas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, España (juanbau.martinez@ upm.es). Alina Freire Fierro, Apartado Postal Personal 17-17-793, Quito, Ecuador (ali- [email protected]). Renée Hersilia Fortunato, CONICET, Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, CIRN- INTA, N. Repetto y Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham 1686, Facultad de Agronomía y Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Universidad de Morón, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argen- tina ([email protected]). Comité editorial Código Internacional de Nomenclatura para algas, hongos y plantas (Código de Shenzhen) adoptado por el decimonoveno Congreso Internacional de Botánica Shenzhen, China, julio de 2017 Preparado y editado por NICHOLAS J. TURLAND, Presidente JOHN H. WIERSEMA, Secretario, y FRED R. BARRIE WERNER GREUTER, DAVID L. HAWKSWORTH PATRICK S. HERENDEEN SANDRA KNAPP WOLF-HENNING KUSBER DE-ZHU LI KAROL MARHOLD TOM W. MAY JOHN MCNEILL ANNA M. MONRO JEFFERSON PRADO MICHELLE J. PRICE GIDEON F. SMITH Miembros del Comité Editorial Edición en español a cargo de WERNER GREUTER y ROSA RANKIN RODRÍGUEZ Berlín, 2018 4–10 CCambios de numeración Edición original: Regnum Vegetabile Volumen 159 ISSN 0080-0694 Koeltz Scientific Books, 61479 Glashütten, Germany http://www.koeltz.com/product.aspx?pid=212180 © 2018, International Association for Plant Taxonomy (Europe) ISBN 978-3-946583-16-5 Ilustración de la carátula: La ilustración de la carátula fue dibujada por Pollyanna von Knorring (Estocolmo). El diseño se basa en el tema ginkgo que caracterizaba el XIX Congreso Botánico Internacional en Shenzhen, China, en julio de 2017 e incluye representantes de los tres grupos mencionados en el título del Código, además de los organismos fósiles. Las plantas están representadas por hojas de Ginkgo biloba L.; las algas, por los talos de la rodofícea marina antártica Ne- reoginkgo adiantifolia Kylin; los hongos, por el basidiomiceto Bartheletia para- doxa G. Arnaud ex Scheuer & al. formando manchas oscuras en las hojas caídas de G. biloba, con sus teliósporas y basidios; y los fósiles, por la reconstrucción de Ginkgo yimaensis Zhi-Yan Zhou & Bo-Le Zhang del Jurásico de China. Téngase en cuenta que las imágenes no están a escala. Comité editorial COMITÉ EDITORIAL PARA ESTE CÓDIGO Nicholas J. Turland, Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Univer- sität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 6–8, 14195 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] (Chair) John H. Wiersema, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Germplasm Re- sources Laboratory, Bldg. 003, BARC-West, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, U.S.A.; [email protected] (Secretary) Fred R. Barrie, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166- 0299, U.S.A.; address for correspondence: Department of Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, U.S.A.; fbar- [email protected] Werner Greuter, Herbarium Mediterraneum, c/o Orto Botanico, Via Lincoln 2/A, 90123 Palermo, Italy; and Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universi- tät Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 6–8, 14195 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] David L. Hawksworth, Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, U.K.; and Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K.; and Jilin Agricultural Univer- sity, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China; [email protected] Patrick S. Herendeen, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, Illinois 60022, U.S.A.; [email protected] Sandra Knapp, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K.; [email protected] Wolf-Henning Kusber, Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Uni- versität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 6–8, 14195 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] De-Zhu Li, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, P. R. China; [email protected] Karol Marhold, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; and Department of Botany, Facul- ty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Praha, Czech Republic; ka- [email protected] Tom W. May, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, 100 Birdwood Avenue, Melbourne, Victo- ria 3004, Australia; [email protected] John McNeill, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, U.K.; and Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada; [email protected] Anna M. Monro, Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Australian National Biodi- versity Research, GPO Box 1700, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia; anna.monro@envi- ronment.gov.au Jefferson Prado, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, CEP 04301-902, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; [email protected] Michelle J. Price, Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève (CJBG), che- min de l’Impératrice 1, 1292 Chambésy, Genève, Switzerland; [email protected] Gideon F. Smith, Department of Botany, P.O. Box 77000, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031 South Africa; and Centre for Functional Ecology, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, 3001-455 Coimbra, Portugal; smithgi- [email protected] v vi Foto delaSección CONTENIDO La Sección de Nomenclatura del XIX Congreso Internacional de Botánica, Shenzhen, China, 20 de julio de 2017, con el Directorio de Nomenclatura sentado en la primera fila (de izquierda a derecha): Li Zhang, Yun-Fei Deng (Relatores), Anna M. Monro (asistente de los Relatores), John H. Wiersema (Vicepresidente), Nicholas J. Turland (Ponente General), Sandra Knapp (Presidenta), Renée H. Fortunato, John McNeill, Werner Greuter, Gideón F. Smith y Karen L. Wilson (Vicepresidentes). (Foto: Li Zhang, por cortesía de la IAPT) Contenido CONTENIDO Introducción de los traductores ix Prefacio xiv Clave para los cambios de numeración de Artículos, Notas y Recomendaciones xxxix Fechas importantes en el Código lii Preámbulo (Pre. 1–14) 1 División I Principios (I–VI) 4 División II Reglas y Recomendaciones (Art. 1–62) 5 Capítulo I Los taxones y sus rangos (Art. 1–5) 5 Capítulo II Estatus, tipificación y prioridad de los nombres (Art. 6–15) 9 Sección 1 Definiciones de estatus (Art. 6) 9 Sección 2 Tipificación (Art. 7–10) 15 Sección 3 Prioridad (Art. 11–12) 40 Sección 4 Limitación del principio de prioridad (Art. 13–15) 49 Capítulo III Nomenclatura de los taxones según su rango (Art. 16–28) 58 Sección 1 Nombres de los taxones de rango superior a familia (Art. 16– 17) 58 Sección 2 Nombres de las familias, subfamilias, tribus y subtribus (Art. 18–19) 61 Sección 3 Nombres de los géneros y de las subdivisiones de género (Art. 20–22) 67 Sección 4 Nombres de las especies (Art. 23) 74 Sección 5 Nombres de los taxones de rango inferior a especie (taxones infraespecíficos) (Art. 24–27) 80 Sección 6 Nombres de los organismos cultivados (Art. 28) 85 Capítulo IV Publicación efectiva (Art. 29–31) 87 Sección 1 Condiciones de la publicación efectiva (Art. 29–30) 87 Sección 2 Fechas de la publicación efectiva (Art. 31) 96 Capítulo V Publicación válida de los nombres (Art. 32–45) 98 Sección 1 Disposiciones generales (Art. 32–37) 98 Sección 2 Nombres de taxones nuevos (Art. 38–40) 110 Sección 3 Combinaciones nuevas, nombres en rango nuevo, nombres de reemplazo (Art. 41) 122 Sección 4 Nombres en grupos particulares (Art. 42–45) 130 Capítulo VI Citación (Art. 46–50) 136 Sección 1 Citas de autor (Art. 46–50) 136 vii Contenido Sección 2 Recomendaciones generales sobre la citación (Rec. 50A–G) 151 Capítulo VII Rechazo de nombres (Art. 51–58) 154 Capítulo [VIII] Nombres de los hongos con ciclo de vida pleomórfico (Art. F.8) 169 Capítulo IX Ortografía y género gramatical de los nombres (Art. 60–62)170 Sección 1 Ortografía (Art. 60–61) 170 Sección 2 Género gramatical (Art. 62) 187 Capítulo F Nombres de organismos que se consideran hongos (Art. F.1–9) 190 Sección 1 Limitación al principio de la prioridad (Art. F.1–3) 192 – Punto de partida nomenclatural (Art. F.1) 192 – Nombres protegidos (Art. F.2) 192 – Nombres sancionados (Art. F.3) 193 Sección 2 Publicación válida y tipificación de los nombres (Art. F.4–5) 196 – Términos que denotan rango mal ubicados (Art. F.4) 196 – Registro de nombres y actos nomenclaturales ( Art. F.5) 197 Sección 3 Rechazo de los nombres (Art. F.6–7) 199 Sección 4 Nombres de hongos con ciclo de vida pleomórfico (Art. F.8) 200 Sección 5
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    Changes in the image of man from the Enlightenment to the age of Romanticism Changes in the image of man from the Enlightenment to the age of Romanticism Philosophical and scientific receptions of (physical) anthropology in the 18–19th centuries Edited by Dezső Gurka Gondolat Publishers Budapest, 2019 A kötet megjelenését a Magyar Tudományos Akadémia támogatta. Th e publication of this volume was supported by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. On the cover: Resolution and Adventure in Matavai Bay, by William Hodges https://tinyurl.hu/U4xa/ Struck on the fi ftieth anniversary of Friedrich Blumebach’ doctorate (1825), by Heinrich Gube https://tinyurl.hu/4cd9/ © Editor, Dezső Gurka, 2019 © Authors, 2019 © Gondolat, 2019 www.gondolatkiado.hu facebook.com/gondolatkiado ISBN 978 963 693 300 5 Contents Preface 9 THE CONCEPT OF MANKIND IN THE AGE OF GEOGRAPHICAL EXPLORATIONS IN THE 18–19TH CENTURIES LÁSZLÓ KONTLER: Inventing ‘humanity’. Early-modern perspectives 15 STAFFAN MÜLLER WILLE: Linnaeus and the four corners of the world 43 WOLFDIETRICH SCHMIED-KOWARZIK: Der Streit um die Einheit des Menschengeschlechts. Gedanken zu Forster, Herder und Kant 65 THE BEGININGS OF THE GERMAN PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY UWE HOSSFELD – JÖRG PITTELKOW: Anthropologie vor Darwin. Ein Überblick 97 6 CONTENTS THOMAS JUNKER: Johann Friedrich Blumenbach und die Anthropologie heute 125 VERA BÉKÉS: “Body and soul: a horse harnessed beside an ox”. Georg Cristoph Lichtenberg about body and soul 143 DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMAGE OF MAN IN GERMAN IDEALISM ENDRE HÁRS: Anatomische Gerechtigkeit. Moscati und Herder über den aufrechten Gang des Menschen 159 Dezső Gurka: The role of ‘dream’ and ‘unconsciousness’ in the progression of Carl Gustav Carus’ image of man 172 KLAUS VIEWEG: Hegel über die ästhetische Erziehung zur Freiheit 189 HUNGARIAN RECEPTIONS OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL IMAGES OF MAN IN THE 18–19TH CENTURIES ILDIKÓ SZ.
  • “Data” in Classical Natural History, 1758–1859

    “Data” in Classical Natural History, 1758–1859

    ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE Names and Numbers: “Data” in Classical Natural History, 1758–1859 AUTHORS Muller-Wille, SEW JOURNAL Osiris DEPOSITED IN ORE 14 October 2016 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/23907 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication Names and Numbers: “Data” in Classical Natural History, 1758–1859 Staffan Müller-Wille* Abstract The late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries saw the transition from natural history to the history of nature. This paper will analyze institutional, social and technological changes in natural history associated with this epochal change. Focusing on the many posthumous re-editions of Carl Linnaeus’ Systema Naturae that began to appear throughout Europe and beyond from the 1760 onwards, I will argue that Linnaean nomenclature and classification reorganized and enhanced flows of data—a term already used in natural history—among individual naturalists and institutions. Plant and animal species became units that could be “inserted” into collections and publications, re- shuffled and exchanged, kept track of in lists and catalogues, and counted and distributed in new ways. On two fronts—biogeography and the search for the “natural system”—this brought to the * University of Exeter, Department of Philosophy, Sociology and Anthropology, Byrne Hosue, St Germans Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4PJ, [email protected]. I would like to thank Lorraine Daston and the editors of this volume for the opportunity to develop and discuss ideas – some of which finally, finally found their way into this paper – within the context of their project “The Sciences of the Archive” at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin.
  • Recycling-Update-Fall-2014.Pdf

    Recycling-Update-Fall-2014.Pdf

    Harvard Recycling Update KIERAN CLYNE JOINS RECYCLING SERVICES Fall 2014 Meet Kieran Clyne, our new Operations Supervisor for Harvard Recycling & Waste Services. Since this June, Kieran has overseen the day-to-day operations of Har- vard recycling driver routes, bulk recycling pickups, and contracted recycling, compost and trash services from Republic. Prior to coming to Recycling, Kieran was the Horticulturist managing the Harvard Organic Land- scape program. Kieran (rhymes with “steer-in”) knows the campus well and his presence has already sped up customer responsiveness, route efficiencies and equip- ment maintenance. If you have recycling, compost, or trash pickup requests going forward, please call Kieran at 617-496-4891. Continue to call Rob Gogan at 617- 495-3042 for waste audits, tonnage collection reports, receptacles and protocols for increased waste diversion, surplus requests and deliveries, and waste reduction is- sues. We look forward to enhanced customer service and operational efficiency with Kieran on board! Photo by Brian O’Connell FOOD WASTE BANNED FROM DISPOSAL As of October 1, 2014, a new state regulation prohibits the disposal of food waste into landfills; instead it must be reduced at the source, donated, or composted. Harvard Envi- ronmental Health and Safety, working with Harvard Recycling, has put together a guidance document to help people learn about and comply with the regulation. Please click the fol- lowing link and then the fourth document down the list entitled, “MassDEP Composting Requirements Guidance.” Please contact us if you have any questions about complying with the new regulation. Since 1997, Harvard has recovered food scraps from over 85% of the kitchens on campus.