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From Mt. Mosor, Dalmatia (Croatia) Arch. Biol. Sci., Belgrade, 62 (3), 811-826, 2010 DOI:10.2298/ABS1003811C ON THREE NEW CAVE PSEUDOSCORPION SPECIES (PSEUDOSCORPIONES, NEOBISIIDAE) FROM MT. MOSOR, DALMATIA (CROATIA) B. P. M. ĆURČIĆ1, S. E. MAKAROV1, T. RADJA4, S. B. ĆURČIĆ1, NINA B. ĆURČIĆ2, and M. PECELJ3 1Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 2Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 3Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 4Speleological Society “Špiljar“, 21000 Split, Croatia Abstract. – Most subterranean pseudoscorpions are concentrated in regions with a Mediterranean climate. Although data on the abundance of pseudoscorpion species in the humid tropics are lacking, preliminary observations suggest that the number of species is greater in the Mediterranean area than in tropical rain forests. Speciation in pseudoscorpions has not been studied in great detail. New taxa are constantly being described. Exact data on the different niche preferences which are a prerequisite for evolutionary studies are available for only a few cases. The pseudoscorpions are not particularly suitable for genetic investigations due to their extended generation times. The cave-dwelling forms of the genus Neobisium L. Koch comprise many phyletic lines, some less specialized and others highly adapted to cave life. To trace their origin, biogeography and evolution, it is necessary to compare the evidence about troglobitic species with that of the epigean forms from different European habitats, especially in the Mediterranean or Dinaric regions. To the south of the river Zrmanja, up to the lower Neretva valley, a massive Holokarst region rises to a considerably height. Many summits attain between 1800 and 2000 m, and Mt. Dinara gave its name to both the Dinaric region and the Dinaric Karst. The karst of Mt. Mosor (and Mts. Kozjak and Biokovo), is quite different from that previously discussed. This is a zone of younger, intensively folded mountains. Their karst, although young, appears to be deep and almost fully developed. In this study, descriptions of Neobisium montdori n. sp., N. mosorensis n. sp., and N. dalmatinum Beier, 1939, all from caves on Mt. Mosor, Dalmatia (Croatia), have been presented, with some details on the comparative morphology of both sexes and tritonymph. Keywords: Pseudoscorpiones, Neobisiidae, Neobisium montdori n. sp., N. mosorensis n. sp., and N. dalmatinum evolution, biogeography, biospeleology, development, Mt. Mosor, Dalmatia, Croatia. UDC 597.851(497.5) INTRODUCTION arachnids, especially pseudoscorpion taxa (most of them described later by Beier: 1929, 1931, 1932, The Dinaric Karst is closely associated to the great 1939, 1963). The biogeographical importance of range of the Rhodope Mountains (of the old Balkan these findings was soon recognized by the Serbian Crystalline nucleus), which occupies the central zoologist Hadži (1928, 1930, 1931, 1933, 1937, 1940, part of the Balkan Peninsula. In the 19th and first 1941, 1957, 1961, 1965). However, the organized half of the 20th centuries a number of zoologists biospeleological study of the Dinaric caves and their visited this remote region and made the first inhabitants only started mid-century (from the unexpected discoveries. They found endemic 1960s onwards), uncovering an extraordinary 811 812 B. P. M. ĆURČIĆ ET AL. wealth of endemic pseudoscorpions, greater than in tergites I-III. Male genital area: unknown. Female any other European region. This abundance is genital area (Fig. 1): sternite II with 8 small median unique in Europe and comparable only to that of and posterior setae, sternite III with 17 posterior tropical rain forests (Ćurčić, 1974, 1977, 1984, 1988, setae and 3 suprastigmatic setae on either side, 2002, 2010; Ćurčić and Dimitrijević 1984, 1986; sternite IV with 7 posterior setae and 3 small setae Ćurčić et al., 2004). along each stigma. Sternites V-X with 12-10-13-12- 12-10 posterior setae. Twelfth abdominal segment Two fundamental features are characteristic of with two pairs of small setae. Pleural membranes underground karst relief: the "ephemeral" existence granulostriate. of the majority of the caves and their scattered and isolated distribution. Caves are formed and Cheliceral spinneret (galea) low and rounded disappear within a geologically short time. Thus, (Fig. 8). Movable cheliceral finger with one, the majority of Alpine (and Dinaric) caves are of cheliceral palm with six setae (Fig. 8). Galeal seta quite recent origin. Life-times have been estimated inserted almost at the upper third of the movable for a few of them as being roughly from 40,000 to finger, just below the galeal seta (gl). Fixed 80,000 years. Caves and other forms of the cheliceral finger with a row of 10-12 small and underground karst relief are therefore transitory close-set teeth which are irregularly shaped and of incidents in the history of the Earth, spasmodic unequal size. Movable cheliceral finger with one phenomena in time and space. larger tooth distally, followed by 4-5 small teeth which merge into a distal lamella (Fig. 8). Flagellum DESCRIPTIVE PART eight-bladed; only two distal blades are pinnate anteriorly. Other blades are smooth and acute and NEOBISIIDAE J. C. CHAMBERLIN, 1930 diminish proximally (Fig. 6). NEOBISIUM J. C. CHAMBERLIN, 1930 Manducatory process (apex of pedipalpal coxa) bears 5 long setae. Trochanter with one small NEOBISIUM MONTDORI, NEW SPECIES tubercle, pedipalpal articles smooth and attenuated, femur and tibia somewhat dilated distally (Figs. 1 Etymology. – According to some explanations, the and 4). Chelal palm ovate (Figs. 1 and 4). Fixed name of Mt. Mosor is derived from "mont d`or" (or chelal finger with 103 small and contiguous teeth the Golden Mountain). which are triangular and apically pointed. Only basal teeth are smaller, narrower and lower. The Material examined. – Holotype female, from the teeth of the fixed finger reach the level of the Kravska Jama Cave, Bradarića Staje, cca 700 m a. s. trichobothrium ib (Fig. 1). Movable chelal finger l., northern slope of Mt. Mosor, Dalmatia, Croatia; with 90 small teeth; distal members are triangular collected by Branko Jalžić (no collecting date and low; basal to t the teeth gradually become enclosed). retroconical, wider and lower, but not reaching the Description. – Carapace reticulate throughout; level of b. Chelal fingers longer than chelal palm; epistome small, triangular and apically rounded pedipalpal femur shorter than chelal femur (Fig. 4 (Figs. 1 and 2). Neither eyes nor eyespots are and Table 1). developed (Fig. 2). No preocular microsetae Disposition of trichobothria: eb, esb, ib and isb present. Setal carapacal formula: 4+6+6+6=22. on the finger base, et, it and est on the top of the Tergites I-X and sternites IV-X uniseriate, finger (Fig. 1); ist closer to est than to isb. Setae b smooth, and entire. Setal formula of tergites I-X is and sb in the proximal, and st and t in the distal 6-6-6-7-9-8-9-9-9-8; setation of posterior carapacal finger half. Distance sb-st less than twice as long as row equal to the number of setae on either of the b-sb and less than twice as long as t-st (Fig. 1). ON THREE NEW CAVE PSEUDOSCORPION SPECIES (PSEUDOSCORPIONES, NEOBISIIDAE) FROM MT. MOSOR... 813 Figs. 1-8. Neobisium montdori n. sp., from Dalmatia. Holotype female: 1 – pedipalpal chela, 2 – epistome, 3 – carapace, 4 – pedipalpal chela, 5 – leg IV, 6 – flagellum, 7 – female genital area, 8 – chelicera. Scales = 0.50 mm (Figs. 1, 3, 4, 5 and 8) and 0.25 mm (Figs. 2, 6, 7 and 8). 814 B. P. M. ĆURČIĆ ET AL. Table 1. Linear measurements (in millimetres) and morphometric ratios in Neobisium montdori n. sp., N. mosorense n. sp. and N. dalmatinum Beier from some caves in Dalmatia. Abbreviations: M = male(s), F = female, T = tritonymph. Species N. montdori N. mosorense N. dalmatinum F M T F M T Body Length (1) 4.45 3.26 3.82 3.35-3.90 3.79-3.99 2.86 Cephalothorax Length (2) 1.05 1.06 1.19 1.07-1.26 1.10-1.28 0.79 Breadth (2a) 0.79 0.91 0.88 0.855-1.05 0.90-1.05 0.63 Ratio 2/2a 1.33 1.16 1.35 1.20-1.25 1.21-1.27 1.25 Abdomen Length 3.40 2.20 2.63 2.09-2.83 2.51-2.89 2.07 Chelicerae Length (3) 0.69 0.67 0.76 0.72-0.87 0.67-0.73 0.51 Breadth (4) 0.37 0.35 0.41 0.36-0.41 0.36-0.38 0.275 Length of movable finger (5) 0.50 0.45 0.52 0.46-0.55 0.46-0.50 0.34 Ratio 3/5 1.38 1.49 1.46 1.565-1.58 1.46-1.50 1.50 Ratio 3/4 1.86 1.91 1.85 2.00-2.12 1.86-2.00 1.85 Pedipalps Length with coxa (6) 7.23 6.965 7.34 8.395-9.79 7.30-7.51 4.655 Ratio 6/1 1.62 2.14 1.91 2.15-2.92 1.84-1.98 1.63 Length of coxa 0.90 0.845 0.89 0.88-1.05 0.91-0.94 0.63 Length of trochanter 0.75 0.75 0.79 0.78-1.03 0.77-0.79 0.51 Length of femur (7) 1.56 1.54 1.54 1.59-2.13 1.56-1.61 1.03 Breadth of femur (8) 0.295 0.28 0.315 0.275-0.37 0.285-0.295 0.20 Ratio 7/8 5.29 5.50 4.89 5.76-5.78 5.29-5.65 5.15 Ratio 7/2 1.485 1.45 1.29 1.485-1.69 1.26-1.42 1.30 Length of patella (tibia) (9) 1.26 1.21 1.29 1.365-178 1.24-1.29 0.815 Breadth of patella (tibia) (10) 0.36 0.34 0.38 0.39-0.46 0.34-0.37 0.25 Ratio 9/10 3.50 3.56 3.39 3.87-4.14 3.405-3.65 3.26 Length of chela (11) 2.76 2.62 2.83 3.78-3.80 2.71-2.98 1.67 Breadth of chela (12) 0.59 0.48 0.59 0.52-0.73 0.57-0.59 0.39 Ratio 11/12 4.68 5.46 4.80 5.205-7.27 4.75-5.05 4.28 Length of chelal palm (13) 1.14 1.25 1.33 1.20-1.70 1.22-1.32 0.805 Ratio 13/12 1.93 2.60 2.25 2.31-2.33 2.14-2.24 2.06 Length of chelal finger (14) 1.62 1.365 1.50 1.56-2.10 1.49-1.66 0.87 Ratio 14/13 1.42 1.08 1.13 1.235-1.30 1.19-1.26 1.08 Leg IV Total
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