University of Leicester From the SelectedWorks of Athina Karatzogianni Fall September 1, 2015 Firebrand Waves of Digital Activism 1994-2014: The Rise and Spread of Hacktivism and Cyberconflict (Prepublication Copy) Athina Karatzogianni This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC_BY-NC-SA International License. Available at: https://works.bepress.com/athina_karatzogianni/25/ [Please note: This document was the original manuscript submitted to Palgrave Macmillan in January 2015 and is shared here openly. The published book is copyedited, has alterations, amendments and corrections, and has undergone a standard production process, therefore is considerably different to this bepress document. The book Karatzogianni, A. (2015) Firebrand Waves of Digital Activism 1994-2014: The Rise and Spread of Hacktivism and Cyberconflict, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 978-1-137-31793-3 can be bought online on ebook or hard/paperback here: http://www.palgrave.com/la/book/9780230242463. If you choose to reference this document and not the published book, please reference appropriately by using the bepress link]. Firebrand Waves of Digital Activism 1994-2014: The Rise and Spread of Hacktivism and Cyberconflict Athina Karatzogianni Associate Perofessor Media and Communication University of Leicester E:
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[email protected] Preface and Acknowledgements Introduction: Four Phases of Digital Activism and Cyberconflict Chapter One: Origins and Rise of Digital Activism (1994-2007) 1.1 First Phase (1994-2001): The Origins of Digital Activism 1. 2 Second Phase (2001-2007): The Rise of Digital Activism Chapter Two: The Third Phase (2007-2010): Spread of Digital Activism 2.1 Russia-related Cyberconflicts 2.2.