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Weekly Epidemiological Record Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire 2013, 88, 81–88 No. 8 Weekly epidemiological record Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire 22 FEBRUARY 2013, 88th YEAR / 22 FÉVRIER 2013, 88e ANNÉE No. 8, 2013, 88, 81–88 http://www.who.int/wer Contents Schistosomiasis: number Schistosomiase: nombre de 81 Schistosomiasis: number of people treated in 2011 personnes traitées en 2011 of people treated in 2011 Background Généralités Sommaire The number of countries considered en- L’augmentation du nombre de pays d’endémie demic for schistosomiasis increased from de la schistosomiase, passé de 77 en 2010 à 81 Schistosomiase: nombre de 77 in 2010 to 78 in 2011, reflecting the in- 78 en 2011, est due au fait que le Soudan du personnes traitées en 2011 dependence of South Sudan in 2011. Large- Sud a accédé à l’indépendance en 2011. Le trai- scale treatment for the disease is war- tement de masse contre la maladie n’est assuré ranted in only 52 countries and territo- que dans 52 pays et territoires.1 La transmis- ries.1 It is thought that transmission of sion de la schistosomiase pourrait être faible schistosomiasis may be low in 7 countries, dans 7 pays, mais cela reste à établir; en outre, but this remains to be ascertained, and the l’arrêt de la transmission doit être confirmé interruption of schistosomiasis transmis- dans 19 pays. La maladie demeure un grave sion needs to be verified in 19 countries. problème de santé publique, particulièrement The disease is still a major public health en Afrique.2 Les estimations du nombre de problem, particularly in Africa.2 Estimates personnes nécessitant une chimioprévention of the number of people requiring preven- contre la schistosomiase ont été revues et tive chemotherapy for schistosomiasis communiquées en 2012.3 On considère qu’au were revised and reported in 2012.3 At moins 237 216 451 personnes avaient besoin least 237 216 451 people were estimated to d’un traitement contre la schistosomiase en require treatment for schistosomiasis in 2010. Ajusté en fonction de la croissance de la 2010. Adjusted for population growth, population, le nombre de personnes nécessi- the estimated number of people requi- tant un traitement en 2011 a été évalué à ring treatment in 2011 was 243 192 887 243 192 887 (Tableau 1). (Table 1). The major challenges in schistosomiasis Les principaux défis dans la lutte contre la control remain the scale-up of treatment schistosomiase restent l’extension du traite- and to the need to advocate for increased ment et la sensibilisation à l’augmentation des resources for implementation of treatment ressources pour la mise en œuvre de programmes, provision of potable water, programmes de traitement, l’approvisionne- adequate sanitation, hygiene education ment en eau potable, l’assainissement appro- and snail control. In some countries, schis- prié, l’éducation à l’hygiène et la lutte contre tosomiasis transmission may have been les mollusques. Dans certains pays, il se peut interrupted through active control pro- que la transmission de la maladie ait été inter- grammes and/or changing socioeconomic rompue grâce à des programmes de lutte active conditions. In 2012 the World Health et/ou à l’évolution des conditions socio écono- Assembly (WHA) recognized the progress miques. En 2012, l’Assemblée mondiale de la made in schistosomiasis control in some Santé (AMS), en adoptant la résolution countries and adopted resolution WHA65.21 sur l’élimination de la schistoso- WORLD HEALTH WHA65.21 on the elimination of schisto- miase, a reconnu les progrès accomplis dans la ORGANIZATION Geneva ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTÉ Genève 1 Schistosomiasis: progress report 2001–2011 and strategic plan 1 Schistosomiasis: progress report 2001-2011 and strategic plan 2012- Annual subscription / Abonnement annuel 2012–2020. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2013 (http:// 2020. Genève, Organisation mondiale de la Santé, 2013 (http://www. www.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/78074/1/9789241503174_ who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/78074/1/9789241503174_eng.pdf). Sw. fr. / Fr. s. 346.– eng.pdf ). 02.2013 2 Gryseels B. Schistosomiasis. Infectious Disease Clinics of North 2 Gryseels B. Schistosomiasis. Infectious Disease Clinics of North Ame- ISSN 0049-8114 America, 2012, 26:383–397. rica, 2012, 26:383-397. Printed in Switzerland 3 See No. 4, 2012, pp. 37–44. 3 Voir No 4, 2012, pp. 37-44. 81 Table 1 Number of people requiring preventive chemotherapy for schistosomiasis annually and schistosomiasis treatment, by WHO Region, 2011 Tableau 1 Nombre de personnes ayant besoin d’une chimioprévention contre la schistosomiase annuellement et traitement contre la schistosomiase, par Région de l’OMS, en 2011 Eastern Medi- Western South-East African – The Americas European – terranean – Pacific – Global – Characteristics – Caractéristiques Asia – Asie Afrique – Amériques Europe Méditerranée Pacifique Monde entier du Sud-Est orientale occidental Number of endemic countriesa – Nombre de 42 10 3 1 16 6 78 pays d’endémiea Number of countries requiring preventive 40 2 1 0 5 4 52 chemotherapy – Nombre de pays où la chimioprévention est nécessaire Number of school-age children requiring pre- 104 019 669 1 537 365 2 968 – 5 315 767 626 531 111 502 301 ventive chemotherapy – Nombre d’enfants d’âge scolaire ayant besoin d’une chimio- prévention Number of adults requiring preventive chemo- 122 143 341 – – – 9 547 245 – 131 690 586 therapy – Nombre d’adultes ayant besoin d’une chimioprévention Total number of people requiring preventive 226 163 010 1 537 365 2 968 – 14 863 012 626 531 243 192 887 chemotherapy – Nombre total de personnes ayant besoin d’une chimioprévention Number of countries where schistosomiasis status has yet to be determined – Nombre de pays où la situation de la schistosomiase doit encore être déterminée For planning and implementation – En ce qui 0 2 0 0 5 0 7 concerne la planification et la mise en œuvre To verify whether interruption of transmission 2 6 2 1 6 2 19 has been achieved – En ce qui concerne la vérification de l’interruption de la transmis- sion Schistosomiasis treatment – Traitement contre la schistosomiase Number of countries reporting – 14 1 1 0 4 4 24 Nombre de pays fournissant des informations Number of people treated – 22 238 892 26 677 14 102 – 2 145 919 3 714 546 28 140 136 Nombre de personnes traitées Coverage (%)b – Couverture (%)b 9.8 1.8 100 – 13.1 100 10.2 a According to Control of schistosomiasis: second report of the WHO expert committee. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1993 (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 830). (Also available at http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_830.pdf.) – Nombre de pays où la schistosomiase est considérée comme endémique, selon le document Lutte contre la schistosomiase: deuxième rapport du Comité OMS d’experts. Genève, Organisation mondiale de la Santé, 1993 (Série de Rapports techniques de l’OMS, No 830). (Également disponible sur http://whqlibdoc.who.int/ trs/WHO_TRS_830.pdf.) b The coverage calculated as a proportion of number people requiring preventive chemotherapy for schistosomiasis and treated out of total population requiring preventive chemotherapy for schistosomiasis. – La couverture correspond au nombre de personnes ayant besoin d’une chimioprévention contre la schistosomiase et bénéficiant d’un traitement, par rapport au nombre total de personnes ayant besoin d’une chimioprévention contre la schistosomiase. somiasis, calling for increased investment in schistoso- lutte contre la maladie dans certains pays. Dans cette résolution, miasis control using multiple approaches, support for les États Membres demandent instamment d’augmenter l’inves- countries to initiate elimination programmes where ap- tissement dans la lutte contre la schistosomiase en adoptant des propriate, and the creation of a process to verify inter- approches multiples; de soutenir les pays pour la mise en place, ruption of transmission. le cas échéant, de programmes d’élimination; et de créer une procédure de vérification de l’interruption de la transmission. Data on treatment are collected to measure the progress Des données sur le traitement sont rassemblées pour mesurer les in schistosomiasis control. Although the target set by progrès dans la lutte contre la schistosomiase. Bien que l’objectif the WHA in 2001, in resolution WHA54.19 – to reach at fixé en 2001 dans la résolution WHA54.19 de l’AMS – prendre en least 75% of children of school age at risk of morbidity charge d’ici 2010 au moins 75% des enfants d’âge scolaire exposés by 2010 – was not attained, progress has been made in au risque de morbidité − n’ait pas été réalisé, des progrès ont été the past several years to scale up schistosomiasis treat- accomplis ces dernières années en matière d’extension du traite- ment.3 This report presents data on the number of ment contre la schistosomiase.3 Le présent rapport comporte des people treated in 2011. informations sur le nombre de personnes traitées en 2011. 82 WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD, NO. 8, 22 february 2013 With increased pledges of praziquantel (Table 2) and Avec l’augmentation des promesses de dons de praziquantel resources for the implementation of schistosomiasis (Tableau 2) et de ressources pour la mise en œuvre de la lutte control, it was envisaged that up to 42.4 million people contre la schistosomiase, on a envisagé la possibilité de traiter could be treated for schistosomiasis in 2011.1 jusqu’à 42,4 millions de personnes en 2011.1 Data sources and methods Sources de données et méthodes Data on schistosomiasis treatments are expected from Des données sur les traitements contre la schistosomiase sont the 52 endemic countries where preventive chemother- normalement communiquées par les 52 pays d’endémie où la apy for the disease is warranted.1 Of these countries, chimioprévention contre la maladie est assurée.1 Parmi ces pays, 40 are in the African Region, 2 in the Region of the 40 se situent dans la Région africaine, 2 dans la Région des Americas, 5 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1 in Amériques, 5 dans la Région de la Méditerranée orientale, 1 en South-East Asia and 4 in the Western Pacific Region.
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